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NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. 120 WASHINGTON STREET, SUITE 202E, P.O. BOX 3026, SALEM, MA 01970 PH: [PHONE REDACTED] - FAX: [PHONE REDACTED] – WWW.ENGINEERINGCORPORATION.COM WATER RESOURCES - BURIED INFRASTRUCTURE - PUBLIC WORKS - CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION - LAND DEVELOPMENT Municipal Street Tree Assessment Project - Phase II City of Salem January 2018 ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Understanding Project Summary Tree Species Description Further Study Attachments Overall Scope of Survey Map Attachment 1 City and Ward Maps and Tables Attachment 2 Street Tree Data Collection Example Attachment 3 Street Tree Survey Paper Version for Volunteers Attachment 4 Tree Identification Guide Attachment 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. 120 WASHINGTON STREET, SUITE 202E, P.O. BOX 3026, SALEM, MA 01970 PH: [PHONE REDACTED] - FAX: [PHONE REDACTED] – WWW.ENGINEERINGCORPORATION.COM WATER RESOURCES - BURIED INFRASTRUCTURE - PUBLIC WORKS - CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION - LAND DEVELOPMENT City of Salem Municipal Street Tree Assessment Project Project Understanding In 2016, the City of Salem retained New England Civil Engineering Corp (NECE) to GPS locate and evaluate the condition of the street trees along four major corridors in the city. This pilot project was funded by a grant through Mass in Motion and facilitated through the Engineering Department. In 2017, the City received a second grant funded by the Urban and Community Forestry Challenge Grant from the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation with matching funds to continue the efforts of the pilot program and continue to GPS locate and evaluate the condition of the remaining street trees throughout the City. Under the second grant additional field data was collected regarding insect and disease. The outline for the data collection is based on the I-Tree format used by the US Forest Service. As each street tree was GPS located, an overall photo was taken, and various attributes about the tree condition and the surrounding sidewalk were populated into the GIS database with a link to the geodatabase (See Figure 1 for description of data collected.). In addition to tree descriptive data a photo was taken of each tree Figure 1: GPS Data Collected Photo 1: Typical Tree Survey Photo ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Page 2 of 6 surveyed and is included in the GIS. (See Photo As part of the Pilot program, a spreadsheet of previous tree observations was provided by the Tree Warden was incorporated into the database. Although the dataset in the spreadsheet is not as robust as the tree assessment project database, the data was valuable in determining the extent of current needs such as pruning needs and empty pit locations throughout the city. (See Attachment C for an example of the GIS Dataset.)) The attached disc contains the complete table and ArcMap street tree shapefile. Project Summary The data from the 2017 Municipal Street Tree Assessment Project covered approximately 98 street miles. Within this surveyed area a total of 4,812 street tress locations were identified with 4435 trees and 377 stumps or empty tree pits. These data are easily broken up into Wards for future projects. Figure 2 shows the extent of survey. The City of Salem has approximately 98 miles of City streets and 16 street miles of private roads. The following four graphics demonstrates current conditions by Ward. Figure 2: Project Area ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Page 3 of 6 Figure 3: Street Tree Breakdown by Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Page 4 of 6 Tree Species and Size The majority of the trees surveyed are Norway maple, Bradford pear, Hedge Maple and Honey Locust. The Norway maple is now listed as an invasive species. The lifespan of the Bradford pear is 20-30 years. The branches tend to break easily in winter storms and often are caught in power lines. The emerald ash borer and Asian long-horned beetle have already been observed in nearby communities. These invasive insects target many types of trees but have been reported to affect the Norway maple and Ash more often than other tree species. Refer to Figure 4 for a graph illustrating the most common types of tree species observed. The majority of trees are greater than 6- inches at breast height indication an aging population of trees which will required increased maintenance and replacement in the coming years. Refer to Figure 5 for a graph illustration of tress by size based on observed diameter at breast height. Figure 4: Citywide Maintenance Needs 1382 714 349 325 221 214 210 204 152 127 85 81 0 200 400 [PHONE REDACTED] 1200 1400 Most Common Tree Species Figure 4: Citywide Common Tree Species [PHONE REDACTED] 1215 727 374 218 87 42 0 200 400 [PHONE REDACTED] 1200 1400 > 3 in 3-6 in 6-12 in 12-18 in 18-24 in 24-30 in 30-36 in 36-42 in > 42 in DBH Figure 5: Diameter at Breast Height ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Page 5 of 6 Maintenance Needs In total, 4,812 trees and 377 empty tree pits/stumps were GPS located and assessed as part of the project. No maintenance is currently needed on 2,643 or 55% of the trees; see Figure 6.The majority of maintenance needed is either deadwood removal or pruning of 1702 trees, see Figure 7. “Routine” maintenance is not considered an immediate public danger while “immediate” may pose a threat to pedestrians, homes or vehicles. See Figures 7 and 8 for a breakdown of maintenance needs and priority tasks. The field “wood condition” in the GIS was used to account for tree health and shows nearly 70% of the street trees surveyed to be in “good” health while only 8% of trees were in “poor” health or “dead/dying. Tree planting or stump grinding and tree planting are needed in approximately 375 locations. Wires are present in nearly half the survey area but only 25% are in potential conflict with tree locations. This information is included in the data collection and may help determine future tree type plantings where tree replacement is in order. 2643, 55% 466, 10% 89, 2% 1494, 31% 115, 2% 4, 0% Maintenance Needs None Small tree (routine) Small tree (immediate) Large tree (routine) Large tree (immediate) 2643, 55% 7, 0% 1578, 33% 124, 3% 66, 1% 288, 6% 106, 2% Priority Task None Stake/Train Crown cleaning Crown raising Crown reduction/thinning Remove Treat pests/disease 4549 11 189 169 275 Human Stress None Topping / poor pruning Poor/restricted planting/mulching Wounding of woody tissues Other / Unknown Figure 7: Citywide Priority Tasks Figure 8: Citywide Human Stressors Figure 6: Citywide Maintenance Needs ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Page 6 of 6 Detailed Breakdown by Ward The results of the assessment are broken down in more detail by Ward in Attachment 2. A map and table of each Ward is provided to identify the street miles surveyed; the number, size, and type of trees, and maintenance needs. Further Study The City has expressed interest in utilizing volunteers and students to complete the survey in schools, parking lots, parks and other green space throughout the City. To assist with that effort a two sided City of Salem Tree Survey sheet was developed and can be found in Attachment A. In addition, and identification key was created depicting the trees observed during the survey and can be found in Attachment B. The free app “Leaf Snap” can also be utilized to help identify trees. This reference guide and application can also be utilized for the future City program to work with homeowners and volunteers to identify and assess the trees in their neighborhoods. ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Attachment 1 Overall Scope of Survey Map ---PAGE BREAK--- Sources: Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Street Trees Salem, MA Wednesday, January 31, 2018 0 0.4 0.2 Miles Legend Street Trees/Pits/Stumps Tree Survey Extent Survey Complete Private Roadway/Excluded MARBLEHEAD SWAMPSCOTT ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Attachment 2 City and Ward Maps and Tables ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Salem Overall CharacterisƟcs City Total # of Trees 4435 # of Tree Pits 377 Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 3946 Trees in Poor CondiƟon 491 Trees Requiring Maintenance 2169 # of Tree Types 37 Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 1382 Bradford Pear 714 Honey Locust 325 Hedge Maple 349 Japanese Tree Lilac 221 % of Total Trees 31% 12% 10% 7% 6% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 275 6‐12 in 1942 12‐24 in 239 24‐30 in 374 > 30 in 347 % of Total Trees 15% 26% 44% 8% 8% 8.42 Sq. miles 98 miles City Streets 4,435 City Street Trees 37 Tree Species Throughout City ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 1 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 547 4435 12% # of Tree Pits 68 377 18% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 462 3946 12% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 86 491 18% Trees Requiring Maintenance 349 2169 16% # of Tree Types 19 37 51% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 132 Bradford Pear 69 Hedge Maple 64 Red Maple 37 London Plane 37 % in Ward 24% 13% 12% 7% 7% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 96 6‐12 in 137 12‐24 in 260 24‐30 in 40 > 30 in 35 % in Ward 17% 24% 46% 7% 6% 1 Sq. miles (12% of City Area) 11% of City Streets 12% of City Street Trees 19 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 2 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 1098 4435 25% # of Tree Pits 74 377 20% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 969 3946 25% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 129 491 26% Trees Requiring Maintenance 643 2169 30% # of Tree Types 31 37 84% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 256 Bradford Pear 231 Honey Locust 102 Linden 70 Ash 65 % in Ward 23% 21% 9% 6% 6% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 186 6‐12 in 244 12‐24 in 506 24‐30 in 75 > 30 in 83 % in Ward 17% 22% 46% 7% 8% 0.57 Sq. miles of City Area) 14% of City Streets 25% of City Street Trees 31 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 3 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 408 4435 9% # of Tree Pits 31 377 8% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 370 3946 9% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 38 491 8% Trees Requiring Maintenance 174 2169 8% # of Tree Types 17 37 46% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 180 Hedge Maple 39 Bradford Pear 32 Honey Locust 32 Ash 28 % in Ward 44% 10% 8% 8% 7% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 39 6‐12 in 92 12‐24 in 215 24‐30 in 37 > 30 in 29 % in Ward 9% 22% 52% 9% 7% 2.08 Sq. miles (25% of City Area) 16% of City Streets 9% of City Street Trees 17 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 4 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 267 4435 6% # of Tree Pits 26 377 7% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 244 3946 6% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 23 491 5% Trees Requiring Maintenance 106 2169 5% # of Tree Types 18 37 49% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 71 Bradford Pear 58 Hedge Maple 24 Linden 21 Ash 19 % in Ward 27% 22% 9% 8% 7% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 27 6‐12 in 76 12‐24 in 127 24‐30 in 30 > 30 in 18 % in Ward 10% 27% 46% 11% 6% 1.72 Sq. miles (20% of City Area) 15% of City Streets 6% of City Street Trees 18 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 5 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 819 4435 18% # of Tree Pits 90 377 24% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 730 3946 19% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 90 491 18% Trees Requiring Maintenance 326 2169 15% # of Tree Types 21 37 57% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 196 Bradford Pear 125 Hedge Maple 118 Honey Locust 66 Japanese Tree Lilac 60 % in Ward 24% 15% 14% 8% 7% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 139 6‐12 in 235 12‐24 in 300 24‐30 in 62 > 30 in 93 % in Ward 17% 28% 36% 7% 11% 0.63 Sq. miles of City Area) 12% of City Streets 18% of City Street Trees 21 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 6 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 749 4435 17% # of Tree Pits 53 377 14% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 689 3946 17% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 60 491 12% Trees Requiring Maintenance 370 2169 17% # of Tree Types 22 37 60% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 299 Bradford Pear 134 Hedge Maple 62 Japanese Tree Lilac 54 Red Maple 45 % in Ward 40% 18% 8% 7% 6% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 118 6‐12 in 217 12‐24 in 295 24‐30 in 66 > 30 in 62 % in Ward 16% 29% 39% 9% 8% 1.34 Sq. miles (16% of City Area) 19% of City Streets 17% of City Street Trees 22 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- Ward 7 Overall CharacterisƟcs Ward City Total % of City # of Trees 549 4435 17% # of Tree Pits 35 377 9% Trees in Good/ Fair CondiƟon 482 3946 12% Trees in Poor CondiƟon 65 491 13% Trees Requiring Maintenance 201 2169 9% # of Tree Types 16 37 43% Most Common Tree Types QuanƟty Norway Maple 148 Bradford Pear 65 Hedge Maple 52 Japanese Tree Lilac 37 Red Maple 34 % in Ward 45% 12% 10% 7% 6% Trees DBH QuanƟty < 6 in 78 6‐12 in 143 12‐24 in 239 24‐30 in 64 > 30 in 27 % in Ward 14% 26% 43% 12% 5% 1.34 Sq. miles (16% of City Area) 19% of City Streets 17% of City Street Trees 22 Tree Species in Ward ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Attachment 3 Street Tree Data Collection Example ---PAGE BREAK--- # 2 LARKIN LN # 4 LARKIN LN # 7 LARKIN LN # 5 LARKIN LN # 6 LARKIN LN # 26 MEMORIAL DR # 30 MEMORIAL DR # 38 MEMORIAL DR # 24 MEMORIAL DR # 23 SETTLERS WAY # 22 SETTLERS WAY # 21 SETTLERS WAY # 8 LARKIN LN # 20 SETTLERS WAY # 19 SETTLERS WAY # 18 SETTLERS WAY # 17 SETTLERS WAY # 16 SETTLERS WAY # 15 SETTLERS WAY # 14 SETTLERS WAY # 13 SETTLERS WAY # 12 SETTLERS WAY # 11 SETTLERS WAY # 10 SETTLERS WAY # 36 SETTLERS WAY # 8 SETTLERS WAY # 7 SETTLERS WAY # 6 SETTLERS WAY # 5 SETTLERS WAY # 24 SETTLERS WAY # 4 SETTLERS WAY # 25 SETTLERS WAY # 26 SETTLERS WAY # 3 SETTLERS WAY # 27 SETTLERS WAY # 28 SETTLERS WAY # 9 SETTLERS WAY # 2 SETTLERS WAY # 1 SETTLERS WAY # 34 SETTLERS WAY # 29 SETTLERS WAY # 30 SETTLERS WAY # 33 SETTLERS WAY # 35 SETTLERS WAY # 32 SETTLERS WAY # 31 SETTLERS WAY Sources: Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, TomTom, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Street Street Trees - Data Collection Salem, MA Wednesday, January 31, 2018 0 40 20 Feet Document Path: H:\Clients\Salem\Street Tree Survey\TreeSurveyWorkingMap.mxd Legend Good Fair Poor Dead or Dying Stump Empty Tree Pit ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Attachment 4 Street Tree Survey (PDF Version) for Volunteers ---PAGE BREAK--- Street Land Use Single family residential Small commercial Multi family residential Industrial/large commercial Park/vacant/other Front yard Cutout Other maintained locations Planting strip Median Other un-maintained locations American Elm Hedge Maple Red Oak Aristocrat Honey Locust Silver Maple Ash Japanese Tree Lilac Weeping Willow Birch Kwanzan Cherry White Pine Box Elder London Plane Zelkova Bradford Pear Norway Maple Linden Cherry Pin Oak Stump/Pit Chestnut Red Maple Other Ginkgo Sugar Maple Dead or dying Fair Stump Poor Good Empty tree pit Dead or dying Fair Stump Poor Good Empty tree pit 0.0 in 6.0-12.0 in 24.0-30.0 in 0.0-3.0 in 12.0-18.0 in 30.0-36.0 in 3.0-6.0 in 18.0-24.0 in 36.0-42.0 in Small tree (routine) Large tree (routine) Critical concern (public safety) Small tree (immediate) Large tree (immediate) Crown cleaning Crown raising Remove Stake/Train Crown reduction/thinning Treat pests/disease Sidewalk Damage 0 - 3/4 in 3/4 - 1 1/2 in >1 1/2 in Concrete Asphalt Other Brick Mixed materials Soil Flexipave Grate Mulch Env Stress Broken branches Drought/poor soil Topping/poor pruning Other Wounding of bark Comments Turn to Page 2 Pit Cover Maintenance Needs Priority Task Human Stress Street Name City of Salem Tree Survey Poor/restricted planting/mulching Diameter at Breast Height Wood Condition Leaf Condition Tree Name Site Type Sidewalk Material ---PAGE BREAK--- Dieback Twig dieback >10% Pervasive twig dieback Epicormic Sprouts At Roots At Trunck Foliage Wilted wilt whole crown wilt partial crown Defoliation None Defoliation <10% Defoliation <50% Mottling White coating Yellow/orange/white pustules Browning/bronzing Black coating (often sticky) Abnormal Foliage Foliage/twigs distorted or galls Witches' brooms present Caterpillars pervasive Scales pervasive Aphids/white cotton pervasive Beetles pervasive Tents/webbing % of Foliage Effected < 10% >30% but not the whole crown >30% Whole crown affected Frass only D-shaped exit holes Pencil round/oval exit holes Sawdust Pitch/resin exudation Shot holes <2mm Caterpillars Aphids Scale Beetles Carpenter Ants Other Decay Cankers Woody galls or burls Conks Fleshy mushrooms Problem Location Branches Bole and/or root collar Both Loose Bark Loose bark only Insect boring or galleries Other Unknown Fall army worm Emerald ash borer Anthracnose moth Asian longhorned beetle Wire Conflict No wires Present and conflicting Present and no potential conflict Followup Needed Yes No Additional Comments/Observations Insect Signs Branch Insects Presence Disease Signs Pest Name Discolored Foliage Insect Signs Leaf ---PAGE BREAK--- NEW ENGLAND CIVIL ENGINEERING CORP. Attachment 5 Tree Identification Guide ---PAGE BREAK--- Tree Identification Guide Common Name Scientific Name Leaf Bark American Elm Ultmus Americana Ash (Black) Fraxinus nigra Ash (Green) Fraxinus Birch (Sweet) Betula lenta ---PAGE BREAK--- Box Elder Acer negundo Bradford Pear Pyrus calleryana Cherry (Higan) Prunus subhirtella Chestnut Caastanea detate ---PAGE BREAK--- Eastern Redbud Cercis canadensis Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba Hedge Maple Acer campestre Honey Locust Gleditsia triacanthos ---PAGE BREAK--- Hophornbeam Ostrya virginiana Japanese Tree Lilac Syringa reticulate Linden (American) Tilla americana London Plane Platanus acerifolia ---PAGE BREAK--- Norway Maple Acer platanoides Pin Oak Quercus palustris Red Maple Acer rubrum Red Oak Quercus rubra ---PAGE BREAK--- Silver Maple Acer saccharium Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Weeping Willow Salix babylonica White Pine Pinus strobus ---PAGE BREAK--- Zelkova (Japanese) Zelkova serrata Reference: Leafsnap.com