Document Salem_doc_89aecd2a25

Cross Connection Control Program Updated on February 27, 2025 A Program to Protect Public Health by Controlling Cross Connections in the City of Salem Water Distribution System For technical inquiries regarding these requirements of this program, please contact: Giovanna Recinos Water & Sewer Engineer [EMAIL REDACTED] CITY OF SALEM Engineering Department 98 Washington Street, 2nd floor Salem, MA 01970 Phone: (978) 619-5673 Dominick Pangallo Mayor Deborah L. Duhamel, P.E. City Engineer ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 2 of 11 I. PURPOSE A. To protect the potable water supply served by the Salem Water Department from the possibility of contamination or pollution by isolating, within its customers' internal distribution system, such contaminants or pollutants which could backflow or back-siphon into the public water system. B. To promote the elimination or control of existing cross connections, actual or potential, between its customer’s in-plant potable water systems. C. To provide for the maintenance of a continuing program of cross connection control which will effectively prevent the contamination or pollution of all potable water systems by cross connections. II. AUTHORITY A. The Federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Drinking Water Regulations, 310 CMR: Section 22.22, Cross Connections (310 CMR 22.22), require the protection of sources of water from unapproved sources or any other substances from entering the public water system. B. City of Salem Code of Ordinances, Section 46-76. Cross connection charges. III. RESPONSIBILITY A. The City of Salem’s City Engineer (City) shall be responsible for the protection of the public water system under its jurisdiction from any potential contamination or pollution due to the backflow or back-siphonage of contaminants or pollutants through the water service connections to the last free flowing outlet or consumer’s tap. B. The Owner shall allow their property to be inspected for possible cross connections and shall follow the provisions of the City's program and the Mass DEP's regulations, 310 CMR 22.22. C. The City shall not permit a cross connection within the public water system unless it is considered necessary and that it cannot be eliminated by replumbing, or re-piping. The City shall have the authority to terminate any water service connections to any facility where cross connections are found to be in non-compliance with 310 CMR 22.22. IV. DEFINITIONS A. AIR GAP: A physical separation sufficient to prevent backflow between the free- flowing discharge end of the potable water system and any other system. Physically defined ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 3 of 11 as a distance equal to twice the diameter of the supply side pipe diameter but never less than one inch. B. APPROVED: Accepted by the City of Salem City Engineer as meeting an applicable specification stated or cited in this regulation or as suitable for the proposed use. C. AUXILIARY WATER SYSTEM: Any water supply on or available to the premises other than the purveyor's approved public potable water supply. D. BACKFLOW: The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances under pressure into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply system from any source other than its intended source. E. BACKFLOW PREVENTER: A device or means designed to prevent backflow or back-siphonage. Most commonly categorized as DCVA, PVB, or RPZ devices, defined as follows: 1. DOUBLE CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY (DCVA): An assembly of two independently operating spring loaded check valves with closing shut-off valves on each side of the check valves, plus properly located test cocks for the testing of each check valve. 2. PRESSURE VACUUM BREAKER (PVB) device containing one or two independently operating spring-loaded check valves and an independently operated spring-loaded air inlet valve located on the discharge side of the check or checks. Device includes closing shut-off valves on each side of the check valves and properly located test cocks for testing of the check valve(s). 3. REDUCED PRESSURE ZONE (RPZ) also known as REDUCE PRESSURE BACKFLOW PREVENTER (RPBP): An assembly consisting of two independently operating approved check valves with an automatically operating differential relief valve located between the two check valves, closing shut- off valves on each side of the check valves, plus properly located test cocks for the testing of check valves and the relief valve. F. BACKPRESSURE: A condition in which the Owner's system pressure is greater than the supply system pressure. G. BACK-SIPHONAGE: The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply system from any source other than its intended source caused by the sudden reduction of pressure in the potable water system. H. CITY: The City of Salem, City Engineer, or his/her designee. I. CONTAINMENT: A method of backflow prevention which requires a backflow prevention device at the water service entrance, directly after the City water meter. ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 4 of 11 J. CONTAMINANT: A substance that will impair the quality of water to a degree that it creates a serious health hazard to the public leading to poisoning or the spread of disease. K. CROSS CONNECTION: Any actual or potential connection between the public water supply and a source of contamination or pollution. L. MASS DEP: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. M. FIXTURE ISOLATION: A method of backflow prevention in which a backflow preventer is located to correct a cross connection at an in-plant location rather than a water service location. N. OWNER: Any person who has legal title to property upon which a cross connection inspection is to be made or upon which a cross connection is present. O. PERSON: Any individual or partnership, company, public or private corporation, political subdivision or agency of the State Department, agency or instrumentality of the United States or any other legal entity. P. PERMIT: A document issued by the City of Salem Engineering Department which allows the use of a backflow preventer. Q. POLLUTANT: A foreign substance, that if permitted to get into the public water system, will degrade its quality so as to constitute moderate hazard or impair the usefulness or quality of the water to a degree which does not create an actual hazard to the public health but which does adversely and unreasonably effect such water for domestic use. R. WATER SERVICE ENTRANCE: That point in the owner's water system beyond the sanitary control of the City, generally considered to be the point of connection to the City water main. V. ADMINISTRATION A. The City will operate a Cross Connection Control Program, to include the keeping of necessary records, which fulfills the requirements of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection's Cross Connection Regulations and is approved by the Department. B. The Owner shall allow his property to be inspected for possible cross connections and shall follow the provisions of the City's program and the Department's regulations. C. The City will enter into a contract with a Cross Connection Consultant that is Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) Certified in Backflow Prevention Device Testing and Surveying to manage the Cross Connection Control ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 5 of 11 Program including inspections and survey of facilities, backflow testing, record keeping and creating all related correspondence on behalf of the City. . VI. PROGRAM A. NEW OR REMODELED FACILITIES AND FACILITIES WITH CHANGE IN USE OR OWNERSHIP 1. A containment backflow prevention device will be required for all commercial and mixed-use properties as well as residential buildings with ten or more units. This device shall be installed directly after the City water meter and must offer the same protection of the device of the highest degree of hazard within the facility. Fixture isolation is still required within the premises to protect the water supply within the building from any potential cross connections. 2. Any new or remodeled facility, or any existing facility wherein the use of the building is proposed to change or when there is a change in ownership shall be in compliance with the 310 CMR 22.22 and the City Cross Connection Control Program. A Massachusetts licensed plumber or a Massachusetts licensed fire sprinkler contractor shall determine whether additional backflow prevention devices are required for the building other than those required above or the appropriateness of the existing backflow preventer devices within the facility. 3. If a backflow device is required, the Massachusetts Licensed Plumber or Massachusetts Licensed Fire Sprinkler Contractor shall complete and submit a separate Backflow Prevention Device Design Data Sheet for each proposed device using the online permitting system, VPC with associated fee ($100 each) for approval by the Engineering Department for compliance with these regulations . 4. If any device change is required, the owner shall submit plans depicting said change, prepared by a licensed Massachusetts State plumber or contractor, for approval by the Engineering Department for compliance with these regulations. 5. Upon approval of the device, the City shall issue a permit, on City of Salem Letterhead, for the backflow prevention device. B. EXISTING FACILITY SURVEYS 1. The City shall have cross connection surveys, performed by MassDEP Certified Cross Connection Surveyor, of all commercial, industrial, institutional and municipal facilities that have connections to the City water system. Once a cross connection survey has passed, it will not need to be surveyed again for five years unless the facility changes ownership or business type. 2. Surveys shall be performed in accordance with Mass DEP regulations 310 CMR 22.22. The City’s cross connection consultant is the only surveyor that will ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 6 of 11 be allowed to perform the inspection surveys for the City of Salem to meet compliance with 310 CMR 22.22. 3. On an annual basis, the City of Salem shall review the current Assessors database of properties in the City for land use changes and identify any new facilities requiring surveys. Any facilities identified shall be surveyed within the first 3 months of the year. 4. As a result of the survey, the City will determine, and inform the Owner of, the appropriateness of the existing, or need for new or modified, backflow prevention device. The Owner will take immediate action to install or modify the device. Typically, 30 days will be allowed by the City to make the required changes; however, that time may be shortened by the City depending on the degree of hazard involved. 5. At the completion of any required changes, or upon completion of a satisfactory survey (no changes needed), the City shall issue a permit for the backflow prevention device. C. EXISTING BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES 1. Any existing backflow preventer shall be allowed by the City to continue in service unless the degree of hazard is such as to supersede the effectiveness of the present backflow preventer or results in unreasonable risk to the public health. Where the degree of hazard has increased, as in the case of a residential installation converting to a business establishment, any existing backflow preventer must be upgraded to a reduced pressure principle device, or a reduced pressure principle device must be installed in the event that no backflow device was present. A list of the types of backflow preventer devices requiring inspection and testing is included in Appendix A. D. ROUTINE TESTING OF EXISTING BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES 1. Reduced pressure zone (RPZ) backflow devices shall be inspected and tested at least semi-annually by the City, but not sooner than within 5 months after the first inspection. Double check valve assembly (DCVA) and pressure vacuum breaker (PVB) devices shall be inspected and tested annually. In cases where the City feels that due to the degree of hazard involved, additional testing is warranted, backflow prevention devices will be tested more frequently. Costs of the annual test and additional tests will be borne by the Owner. 2. Routine testing shall be performed by the City's MassDEP Certified Tester or its delegated representative who shall be a Mass DEP certified tester. The City’s ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 7 of 11 cross connection consultant is the only tester that will be allowed to perform the tests for the City of Salem to meet compliance with 310 CMR 22.22. 3. The testing shall be conducted during the City's regular business hours. Exceptions to this, when at the request of the Owner, may require an additional charge to cover the increased costs to the City. Any device located in a confined space will be covered in a separate contract and the owner’s responsibility. 4. Any backflow preventer which fails during a routine test shall be immediately repaired or replaced, at the Owner’s expense. High hazard situations will not be allowed to continue unprotected if the backflow preventer fails the test and cannot be repaired immediately. In other situations, a compliance date of not more than 14 calendar days after the test date will be established, per 310 CMR 22.22 The Owner is responsible for repairs/replacement of the failed device. Parallel installation of two devices is an effective means of the Owner insuring that uninterrupted water service during testing or repair of devices and is strongly recommended when the Owner desires such continuity. After a backflow test fails the original inspection/ test, the City will return 14 calendar days after the initial failed test to re-test the device. If that test passes during the reinspection, it is considered a retest not a scheduled test which means it clears up the initial violation. If that device fails again during the reinspection, the City will return seven calendar days after the re-test to perform a second reinspection, and the owner will be subject to a fine. If that device fails again during the second reinspection, the City will issue a notice to terminate the water service to the property due to non-compliance and the owner will be subject to a non-compliance fine. Please note that if the device is an RPZ or other high hazard device it will still need to be tested again within 5 months or the original test to meet MA DEP Regulations, 310 CMR 22.22 VII. RESPONSIBILITIES A. CITY OF SALEM 1. The City will issue permits for all backflow prevention devices. 2. The City will not allow any cross connection to remain unless it is protected by an approved backflow preventer for which a permit has been issued, and which will be regularly tested to ensure satisfactory operation. 3. The City shall inform the Owner, by letter or email, of any failure to comply with these regulations. In the event that the Owner fails to comply with the necessary corrective action, the City will inform the Owner, by letter, that the water service to the Owner's premises will be terminated within a period not to exceed five days. In the event that the Owner informs the City that extenuating ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 8 of 11 circumstances, as to why the correction has not been made, a time extension may be granted by the City, but in no case will exceed an additional thirty calendar days. 4. If the City determines at any time that a serious threat to the public health exists, the water service will be terminated immediately. 5. The City shall have on its staff, or shall have a delegated representative, who is a Mass DEP certified backflow device tester and/or surveyor. 6. The City will have inspections of premises initiated to determine the nature of existing potential hazards, in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22. 7. The City shall establish and maintain a Cross Connection Control Program for residential users which shall include an educational component. B. OWNER 1. The Owner shall be responsible for allowing the premises to be inspected by the City and shall be responsible for the elimination or protection of all cross connections on their premises. If access is denied by the Owner, the City shall consider the test and/ or survey failed and notify the Owner accordingly. 2. The Owner, after having been informed by letter from the City, shall, at their expense, install, maintain and pay for any required testing, any and all backflow preventers on his premises. 3. The Owner shall correct any malfunction of the backflow preventer which is revealed by routine testing. 4. The Owner shall inform the City of any proposed or modified cross connections and also any existing cross connections of which the Owner is aware but has not been found by the City. 5. The Owner shall not install a bypass around any backflow preventer unless there is a backflow preventer of the same type on the bypass. Owners who cannot shut down operation for testing of the device(s) must supply additional devices necessary to allow testing to take place. 6. The Owner shall install backflow preventers in a manner approved by the City and in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22. 7. The Owner shall install only backflow preventers approved by the City. 8. Residential private wells or other private water sources cannot be connected to the City System. Any other owner having a private well or other private water source must have a permit if the well or source is cross connected to the City system. Permission to cross connect may be denied by the City. The Owner may be ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 9 of 11 required to install a backflow preventer at the service entrance if a private water source is maintained, even if it is not connected to the City's system. 9. In the event the Owner installs plumbing to provide potable water for domestic purposes which is on the supply side of the backflow preventer, such plumbing must have its own backflow preventer installed, if required. 10. The Owner shall be responsible for the payment of all fees for permits, site inspections, device testing, re-testing in the case that the device fails to operate correctly, failure due to non-responsiveness to test and second re-inspections for non-compliance with City requirements. 11. It shall be the property owner’s responsibility to properly install and test cross connection systems for residential fire protection systems and residential lawn irrigation systems to remain in compliance with 310 CMR 22.22. VIII. DEGREE OF HAZARD A. The City recognizes the threat to the public water system arising from cross connections. The degree of hazard will be determined at the time of the cross connection survey. IX. NOTIFICATIONS A. On an annual basis, the City shall provide notification to consumers and public officials of the requirements of the distribution system Cross Connection Control Program, including the Mayor, City Council, Fire Chief, Health Department, Plumbing and Building inspectors, and Local State Representative. Notification shall be made in the Annual Consumer Confidence Report for Salem water customers, created by the Salem Beverly Water Supply Board. B. The Engineering Department shall prepare and post the notification on its website for consumers, and distribute it to the Mayor, City Council, Fire Chief, Health Department, Plumbing and Building inspectors by interoffice mail. US Mail will be used to distribute the notification to the Local State Representative. X. RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM A. The City shall establish a residential backflow education program, to be administered by the City Engineering Department, for residential users which shall include bill inserts, website information, etc., that addresses hose bib applications and the need for inspection and testing of residential backflow preventers. XI. FEES ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 10 of 11 A. Please refer to the City of Salem Code of Ordinances, Section 46-76. Cross connection charges and fines. Note that every re-inspection/ re-test will be charged the same fee established under the City of Salem Code of Ordinances. XII. RECORDS AND REPORTS A. RECORDS 1. The City Engineering Department will initiate and maintain the following: a) Master files on customer cross connection tests and/or inspections. b) Copies of permits and permit applications. c) Copies of lists and summaries supplied to the Mass XIII. VIOLATION OF THIS PROGRAM A. No person or corporation shall directly or knowingly permit an employee, agent or servant to violate any of the provisions of this program. Please refer to the City of Salem Code of Ordinances, Section 46-76. Cross connection Charges and fines ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross Connection Control Program February 27, 2025 Page 11 of 11 APPENDIX A 310 CMR 22.22 and Cross Connection Control Manual ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.21: continued 1. the provision or requirements from which the variance is being sought; 2. the identity of the proponent of the well, wellfield, or spring; 3. the identity of the person requesting the variance, the address where a copy of the request for variance will be available for public inspection, and the times it will be available; and 4. a statement that the Department will receive written comments concerning the request from the public for a 30 day period commencing on the last date of newspaper publication. Each person submitting a request for variance shall submit to the Department a copy of the public notice required by 310 CMR 22.21(5)(e) and affidavits attesting to the fact that the notices have been given. The Department will receive written comments concerning the request from the public for a 30 day period commencing on the last date of newspaper publication. Within 30 days of the close of the comment period, each person requesting a variance under 310 CMR 22.21(5)(a) shall respond in writing to all reasonable public comments received by the Department. The Department may schedule a public hearing on any request for variance submitted in accordance with 310 CMR 22.21(5) if it determines on the basis of the public comments received that such a hearing is in the public interest. In the event that the Department schedules a hearing, the person filing the request shall notify persons served by the supplier of water of the hearing by publication on not less than three consecutive days in a newspaper of general circulation in the service area of the supplier of water. In addition, the person filing the request shall notify each person who submitted written comment concerning the request to the Department by direct mail. The person filing the request shall submit to the Department a copy of the public notices required by 310 CMR 22.21(5)(h), and an affidavit attesting to the fact that the notices have been given, prior to the hearing. Persons filing a request for a variance under 310 CMR 22.21(5) shall pay the full the cost of all notifications and public hearing scheduled. Within 30 days of the grant of a variance under 310 CMR 22.21(5), any person that receives a variance shall notify persons served by the supplier of water of the granting of the variance, including any conditions imposed by the Department, by direct mail and by publication on not less than three consecutive days in a newspaper of general circulation in the service area of the supplier of water. The person that receives the variance shall submit to the Department a copy of the public notices and an affidavit attesting to the fact that the notices have been given upon completion of the public notification. 22.22: Cross Connections Distribution System Protection Purpose. The Department's purpose in establishing a comprehensive distribution protection program is to prevent the contamination of drinking water to the last free flowing outlets or consumer's tap. For this reason, the Department strongly advocates the elimination of all cross connections. The installation of backflow prevention devices does not eliminate a cross connection. The installation of backflow prevention devices is a protection solution when re- plumbing or re-piping is not feasible. All cross connection protection devices shall be approved and permited in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22. Maintenance of a Cross Connection No physical cross connection shall be maintained between the distribution system of a public water system, the water of which is being used for drinking, domestic, or culinary purposes, and the distribution system of any water source not approved by the Department, as being of safe sanitary quality, or any plumbing, fixture, or device whereby nonpotable water or other substances might flow into the potable water system, unless said connection has been protected by a backflow prevention device approved, in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22 or 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code; as applicable. Backflow prevention devices shall be installed, based on the degree of hazard involved, at all fixtures and equipment where backflow and/or back siphonage may occur and whenever a minimum air gap cannot be provided between the public water system outlets to the fixture or equipment and its flood level rim. All fixtures that have a threaded hose type connection shall, at a minimum, have the required air gap separation and be equipped with a vacuum breaker in accordance with 248 CMR 10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System; Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued Where a water connection is not subject to back pressure, a non-pressure type vacuum breaker shall be installed on the discharge side of the last valve on the line serving the fixture or equipment, Cross connections maintained or created on fire protection system shall comply with 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d). All cross connection requiring the installation of a double check valve assembly or a reduced pressure backflow preventer shall be approved and registered by the public water system. Cross connections protected by a device other than a double check valve assembly or a reduced pressure backflow preventer, approved and permitted by the inspector of plumbing in accordance with 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code do not require the approval of the Department, its designee or the public water system. Except for the installation of backflow prevention devices on fire protection systems, no double check valve assembly or reduced pressure backflow preventors shall be installed on a cross connection until the application for a plumbing permit is accompanied by a letter of approval from the Department, its designee or public water system pursuant to 248 CMR 10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System. Subject to applicable laws and regulations, public water systems shall have the authority to terminate any water service connection to any facility where cross connections are found to be in non-compliance with 310 CMR 22.22. The supplier shall deny water service to any premises where cross connections exist until corrective action is taken. If necessary, water service shall be disconnected for failure to test or maintain backflow prevention devices in a manner acceptable to the supplier. If it is found that the backflow prevention device has been removed or by-passed or otherwise rendered ineffective, water service shall be discontinued unless corrections are made immediately. The public water system shall establish a time for completion of necessary corrections or removal of actual or potential cross connections, taking into consideration the degree of hazard involved and the time required to obtain and to install the needed equipment. The public water system shall use every means at its disposal to obtain voluntary compliance. However, if proper protection has not been provided after a reasonable period of time (following legal notification and subject to applicable laws and regulations), the public water system shall physically separate the public water supply from the on-site piping system in such a manner that the two systems cannot again be connected by an unauthorized person. Cross connections between a public water system and a private well or individual water source serving residential dwellings used for potable or nonpotable purposes are prohibited. All backflow prevention devices shall be installed and repaired by a Massachusetts licensed plumber, except for backflow prevention devices installed on fire protection systems. A Massachusetts licensed fire sprinkler contractor is responsible for all work conducted on a fire protection system, including the installation, maintenance and repair of backflow prevention devices. An anti-siphon or back pressure device shall be installed on any apparatus that pumps any chemical into a potable water supply to prevent back siphonage. Public Water System Responsibilities. Every public water system shall be responsible for: Controlling cross connections to the last free flowing outlet of the consumer and for the safety of the public water system under its jurisdiction. Having a cross connection control distribution system protection program plan (the "cross connection program plan") approved by the Department as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(3)(b). 1. Every public water system is required to have its cross connection program plan approved by the Department by June 1, 1994. 2. Each plan must be prepared in accordance with departmental guidance and shall include, at a minimum, the following information: description of current program (i.e. staffing, tracking, surveying, testing, training and fee requirements) and evaluation of the current program, proposed changes and implementation plans. The plan shall also include an explanation of how the public water system will satisfy 310 CMR 22.22(3)(c) through Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued 3. The plan shall be fully implemented and operational by January 1, 1999. A public water system may use a contractor, subcontractor, or consultant to assist in the program implementation except as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(3)(r). However, every public water system shall continue to be responsible for compliance with 310 CMR 22.22 and subject to enforcement by the Department. 4. The public water system shall obtain the Department’s written approval prior to modifying its approved cross connection plan. Inspecting and surveying of all industrial, commercial, and institutional premises served by the public water system to determine if cross connections exist and that all cross connections are properly protected by an appropriate device or eliminated. Maintaining on the public water system premises in a readily accessible form the following documentation: 1. a schedule of all facilities inspected and surveyed; 2. records of all device locations; 3. related correspondence, including notices of violation; and 4. list of devices and inspections of approved backflow prevention devices. Ensuring that all backflow prevention device inspections are conducted by a Massachusetts Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester and surveys for cross connections are conducted by a person who is certified by the Department as a Massachusetts Certified Cross Connection Surveyor. Establishing and maintaining a cross connection control program for residential users which shall include an educational component. Not allowing any cross connection at any point within its system unless said cross connection is approved pursuant to 310 CMR 22.22 or 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code. Ensuring that all double check valve assemblies and reduced pressure backflow preventer devices are inspected and tested in accordance with the public water system program plan as approved by the Department and as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(13). The public water system has the option of testing the devices itself, having the device tested by the device owner, or having the testing conducted by a contractor. Establishing a program for auditing for devices not tested by public water system staff. Submitting a report to the Department annually on a form or in a format specified by the Department that shall include the following minimum information: 1. a list of or information on all cross connections protected by an approved double check valve assembly or approved reduced pressure backflow preventer devices; 2. the numbers and types of facilities surveyed yearly; and 3. the number type and location of violations found. Assisting Department personnel in any cross connection related inspections and backflow device installations; Taking appropriate action to eliminate cross connections and hazardous conditions, strongly promote compliance, and take the appropriate enforcement action when necessary; Notifying the cross connection owner of any violations of 310 CMR 22.22 by sending a Notice of Violation to owner; Notifying all device owners of their responsibilities relative to cross connections control and 310 CMR 22.00. Annually notify consumers of water and local public officials of the requirements of the distribution system cross connection control program, including Mayors, Town Managers, city and town councilors or selectmen, water commissioners, fire chiefs, local boards of health, plumbing inspectors, building inspectors, local state representatives, unless waived in writing by the Department. Generating all necessary correspondence relative to the administration and operations of the cross connection control program. The public water system will be responsible for all correspondence to device owners. All correspondence relating to the cross connection control program must be signed by the public water system. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued Reviewing and approving design data sheets and plans for proposed new installations of reduced pressure backflow preventers, and double check valve assemblies. All design data sheets and plans shall be reviewed by a Massachusetts Certified Cross Connection Surveyor, effective January 1, 1999 as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(7)(a)4. The public water system may not delegate, or subdelegate, contract, or subcontract this responsibility to any other entity, unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Department. The Department will require that all recommendations or findings made by the contracted certified surveyor, when reviewing and approving data sheets and plans, be submitted on the public water system letterhead and signed by an authorized person of the public water system. Ensuring, upon completion of installation that backflow prevention devices are installed according to the approved design data sheet and plans and tested for proper operation, effective January 1, 1999. Owners' Responsibilities. The owner of any cross connection protected by a double check valve assembly or reduced pressure backflow preventer shall: Notify the public water system of all cross connections protected by a double check valve assembly or reduced pressure backflow preventer and comply with all necessary approvals and permits from the public water system and/or the Department for the maintenance of cross connections, as specified at 310 CMR 22.22; Have suitable arrangements made so that inspections of backflow prevention devices and cross connection surveys can be made during regular business hours; Maintain a spare parts kit and any special tools required for the removal and reassembly of backflow prevention devices; Provide the necessary labor for inspection and testing by the Certified Backflow Prevention Device Testers or Certified Cross Connection Surveyor; Overhaul, repair, or replace within 14 days of the initial inspection date and retest pursuant to 310 CMR 22.22(13)(e), any device which fails a test or is found defective; Submit copies of the Inspection and Maintenance Report Form as required by the public water system. Maintain on the premises complete records on all devices for the life of said devices including as-built plans and design data sheets; maintain for seven years the Inspection and Maintenance Report Forms for tests conducted by the certified. Make certain that the cross connection protection device is tested as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(13) or as required by the public water system. Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester's Responsibilities. Certified Backflow Prevention Device Testers have the following responsibilities relative to cross connections: Having a backflow preventer test kit that is maintained in proper working order and calibrated annually; Recording the test results for each inspection conducted; Submitting copies of inspection reports to the water supplier, and the owner within 30 days of the inspection; and Maintaining records of all test results for a minimum of seven years. Local Plumbing Inspector Responsibilities. Local Plumbing Inspectors, authorized by M.G.L. c. 142 to administer and to enforce 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code, have the following responsibilities relative to cross connections: As required by 248 CMR 10.14(6), the Inspector of Plumbing will ensure that potable water supply systems are designed, installed and maintained in a manner as to prevent contamination from non-potable liquids, solids or gases which may be introduced to a potable water supply system through cross connections; After reviewing the plans and specifications for plumbing work under 248 CMR 10.04(5), and before issuing a permit, the Plumbing Inspector, as required by 248 CMR 10.14, shall require the installation of appropriate devices in accordance with 310 CMR 22.00; and No plumbing permit shall be issued for cross connection installations requiring Reduced Pressure Zone Backflow Preventors or Double Check Valve Assemblies until the application for such permit is accompanied by a letter of approval from the Department, its Designee or public water system. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued Installation Approval and Permit Requirements. Installation Approval. 1. No person shall install or remove or contract with another person for the installation or removal of any reduced pressure backflow preventer or double check valve assembly required by 310 CMR 22.22 unless a design data sheet with plans showing the method of protection of the public water distribution system has been approved by the Department, its Designee or the public water system for the installation of such device. 2. All persons shall obtain approval from the local plumbing inspector or the head of the local fire department, to the extent required by the State Plumbing Code, 248 CMR 10.04(3), or M.G.L. c. 148, § 27A, for the initial installation or retrofit for any change in the installation of any air gap separation with tank and pump arrangement, reduced pressure backflow preventer, or double check valve assembly. 3. Prior to the installation of any pressure or atmospheric vacuum breaker, backflow preventer with intermediate atmospheric vent, or barometric loop, the plans and specifications for the plumbing work must receive a permit issued pursuant to 248 CMR 10.04(3) by the local Plumbing Inspector. For these devices, a plumbing permit issued under 248 CMR 10.04(3) shall constitute installation approval pursuant to 310 CMR 22.22. 4. All design data sheets and plans for the installation of backflow prevention devices shall be reviewed by a certified cross connection surveyor as of December 31, 1998. 5. Design data sheets and plans for the installation of a backflow prevention device on fire protection systems shall not be approved by the public water system until a building permit has been issued by the Building Official who has jurisdiction over such system in accordance with 780 CMR 1.00: Scope and Administration and 9.00: Fire Protection Systems and approval by the head of the local fire department. Permit Requirement. 1. Any person owning or maintaining a cross connection protected by a double check valve assembly or a reduced pressure backflow prevention device that was approved by the Department, its designee or public water system shall register such protected cross connection device(s)with the public water system in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22(2). The Department will issue, upon request, one annual permit to the public water system covering only those registered cross connection devices identified by the public water system in its annual statistical report to the Department. 2. The Department reserves the right to revoke or suspend any conditional approval and/or permit for cause. The Department may revoke any approval or permit for any installation or change in installation of any backflow prevention device which is found to be in noncompliance with 310 CMR 22.22. Location of Devices. The location of each approved backflow prevention device, with respect to the plumbing on the premises and the service connection to the premises, shall be based upon the degree of existing or potentially existing health hazard, and shall conform to the following specific requirements: 1. Approved backflow prevention devices shall be located so that protection of all cross connections is achieved with a minimum number of devices; 2. Approved backflow prevention devices shall be located so as to provide in-plant protection; 3. The following types of facilities have been determined to present high health hazard conditions and in-plant protection shall be supplemented by installation of a reduced pressure backflow preventer or an air gap separation at the meter or property line unless an approved device is installed on a dedicated or process line, or if protection of the in- plant cross connection(s) is achieved to the satisfaction of the Department, its Designee or the public water system at: a. Nuclear reactors or other facilities where radioactive materials are used; b. Sewage treatment plants and sewage pumping stations; c. Piers, docks, marinas, shipyards; d. Chemical plants; e. Metal plating industries; f. Hospitals, mortuaries, medical clinics, dental offices and clinics; Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued g. Laboratories, except when the Department or its Designee has made a specific determination that no health hazard exists on the premises; h. Other types of facilities as determined in writing by the Department or its Designee. If, upon request by the owner of the premises or upon its own initiative, the Department or its Designee or the public water system determines that it is unreasonable to locate all cross connections within the premises, or the Department or its Designee determines that protection of all cross connections is unreasonable for economic reasons, then: 1. the public water supply distribution system shall be protected by installation of a reduced pressure backflow preventer or an air gap separation at the meter or property line; and 2. the owner of the premises shall provide a safe, alternative supply of potable water, well marked and labeled, to all domestic water fixtures on the premises. Types of Backflow Prevention Devices Required. Subject to the provisions of 310 CMR 22.22(10): Table 22-1 shall serve as the guide for the type of protection required. Table 22-1 AG - Air Gap RPBP - Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer DCVA - Double Check Valve Assembly AVB - Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker PVB Pressure Vacuum Breaker BPIAV - Backflow Preventer with Intermediate Atmospheric Vent Types of Hazard on Premises Acceptable Types of Backflow Preventers Comments* AG RPBP DCVA AVB PVB BPIAV 1. Sewage Treatment Plant X X 2. Sewage Pumping Station X X 3. Food Processing X X X* *If no health hazard exists 4. Laboratories X X X* *If no health hazard exists 5. Fixtures with hose threads on inlets X X X X In addition to an air gap separation, all fixtures that have a threaded hose type connection shall at a minimum, be equipped with a AVB in accordance with 248 CMR 10.14 6. Hospitals, Mortuaries, Clinics X X 7. Plating Facilities X X 8. Irrigation Systems X X X* Each case should be evaluated individually. *An AVB can be used if no back pressure is possible and no health hazard exists **Pressure Vacuum Breakers can be installed if back pressure is not possible 9. Systems or Equipment Using Radioactive Material X X 10. Submerged Inlets X X X* *If no health hazard exists and no back pressure is possible 11. Dockside Facilities X X 12. Valved outlets or fixtures with hose attachments X X X* Each case should be evaluated individually *If no health hazard exists and no back pressure is possible 13. Commercial Laundries and Dry Cleaners X X 14. Commercial Dishwashing Machines X X X* *If no health hazard exists 15. High and Low Pressure Boilers X X* *If chemicals are added 16. Low Pressure Heating Boilers X Residential and small commercial, having no chemicals added Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued Types of Hazard on Premises Acceptable Types of Backflow Preventers Comments* AG RPBP DCVA AVB PVB BPIAV 17. Photo Processing Equipment X X 18. Reservoirs -Cooling Tower Recirculating Systems X X 19. Fire Protection Systems: For cross connection control, fire protection systems may be classified on the basis of water source and arrangement of supplies as follows: Class 1: Direct connection from public water system mains only; no pumps, tanks, or reservoirs; no physical connection from other water supplies; no antifreeze or other additives of any kind; all sprinkler drains discharge to atmosphere, dry wells, or other safe outlets. These systems may or may not have fire department connections. Refer to 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. X X X A backflow prevention assembly does not have to be installed on existing fire protection systems installed prior to March 21, 1997, provided that the fire protection system is registered with the public water system, equipped with a UL listed alarm check valve that is properly maintained in accordance with NFPA 25 and has not undergone substantial modification defined within 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)3. Alarm check maintenance records must be available for inspection by the Department, its designee or the public water system b. Class 2: Same as Class 1 except that booster pumps may be installed in the connections from the street mains .These systems may or may not have fire department connections. Refer to 310 CMR 22.22(9)(a). X X X A backflow prevention assembly does not have to be installed on existing fire protection system installed prior to March 21, 1997, provided that the fire protection system is registered with the public water system and equipped with a UL listed alarm check valve that is properly maintained in accordance with NFPA 25. Alarm check maintenance records must be available for inspection by the Department, its designee or the public water system c. Class 3: Direct connection from public water system mains, plus one or more of the following: elevated storage tanks; fire pumps taking suction from aboveground covered reservoirs, or tanks; and pressure tanks. X X* X* *RPBP or DCVA contingent on evaluation of auxiliary supply and on-site system in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. d. Class 4: Directly supplied from public water system mains, similar to Class 1 and Class 2 with an auxiliary water supply dedicated to fire department use and available to the premises, such as an nonpotable water source located within 1700 feet of the fire department connection, (FDC). X X* *RPBP on evaluation of auxiliary supply and on- site system in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. e. Class 5: Directly supplied from public water system mains, and interconnected with auxiliary supplies, such as pumps taking suction from reservoirs exposed to contamination, or rivers and ponds; driven wells; mills or other industrial water systems; or where antifreeze or other additives are used. X* X* *RPBP or air gap contingent on evaluation of auxiliary supply and on-site system. Refer to 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. f. Class 6: Combined industrial and fire protection systems supplied from the public water mains only, with or without gravity storage or pump suction tanks. X X* X X *RPBP contingent on evaluation of on-site water system. Refer to 310 CMR22.22 g. Residential fire protection systems for one and two family detached dwellings and manufactured homes only. Fire protection systems in three family dwellings meeting NFPA 13D requirements as provided in 780 CMR, Chapter 9, are included in this section. X X X Non testable devices and flow through systems should be used whenever possible. Systems are typically designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13D: "Installation of Sprinkler systems in One and Two Family Dwellings and manufactured homes". These systems are authorized to use food grade antifreeze with no additional requirements when potable piping (PB, CPVC, and copper tube) is employed. If non-grade antifreeze is utilized, the system may be classified as a class 5. If a fire department connection is used, the requirements for a class 1 or 2 apply. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued Types of Hazard on Premises Acceptable Types of Backflow Preventers Comments* AG RPBP DCVA AVB PVB BPIAV h. Residential fire protection systems for other than those described in Table 22-1-19.g. X X X Fire protection system in this category shall comply with the requirements set forth in class 1 through 4 as appropriate. 20. Solar Energy Systems X X X* Residential and small commercial having no chemicals or only USP Glycenne added to water 21. Single Jacketed Heat Exchangers X X Each case should be evaluated individually Subject to the authority of the Department, its Designee, or public water system to issue the final determination of what type of device is required and the location of the device for each cross connection in individual cases, depending upon the degree of health hazard and type of backflow involved, the acceptable devices for backflow prevention include air gap separation, reduced pressure backflow preventers, double check valves assemblies, atmospheric or pressure vacuum breakers, backflow preventers with intermediate atmospheric vents, and barometric loops. There shall be no by-pass around any approved backflow prevention device unless the same type of approved backflow prevention device is installed on the by-pass. Fire Protection Systems. 1. Any new, existing or substantially modified fire protection system, including residential fire protection systems, shall be evaluated by the Department, its Designee or public water system to determine if a cross connection exists. If it is determined that a cross connection does exist, 310 CMR 22.22(9)(a): Table 22-1 shall serve as a guide in determining the type of protection device required. In evaluating the type of protection device required, the degree of hazard associated with the fire protection system, and the potability of the water pumped into the fire department connection, shall be considered, and the head of the local fire department shall be consulted. 2. All existing cross connections between public water systems and fire protection systems, as described in 310 CMR 22.22: Table 22-1, (9)(a)19.a. and and installed prior to March 21, 1997, shall be equipped with a UL listed alarm check valve with the standard alarm pressure switch trim package. The device shall comply with the applicable requirements stated in 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)6.: Fire protection systems installed on or after March 21, 1997, shall be equipped with a protection device specified in 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. When backflow prevention devices are to be retroactively installed on exiting fire protection system, a thorough hydraulic analysis, including revised hydraulic calculations, new fire flow data, and all necessary system modification to accommodate the additional friction loss, shall be completed as part of the installation in accordance with NFPA-13. The installation of a backflow prevention device only does not constitute a substantial modification of an existing fire protection system. 3. The owner of a cross connection subject to 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)2. shall register the connection(s) with the public water system, a copy of which shall be retained by the public water system as specified at 310 CMR 22.22. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued 4. Any owner of existing cross connection(s) who decides to install a protection device specified at 310 CMR 22.22(9)(a): Table 22-1, when the Department has not determined that such a protection device is necessary, shall obtain the prior written approval of the Department or its Designee of the design data sheets for the proposed protection device as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)6. 5. Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)3. and by providing written notification to the owner of a cross connection between a public water system and a fire protection system, the Department or its Designee may, whenever the Department or its designee determines that the cross connection constitutes a threat to the public health, at any time require the installation of a protection device, modify or revoke the approval of a cross connection, or require water quality monitoring. 6. In addition to the requirements set forth in 310 CMR 22.22, the installation and testing of a backflow protection device on a fire protection system may be subject to the requirements of the following: a. 780 CMR: Massachusetts State Building Code - Fire Protection Systems, Design, Installation, Testing and Maintenance Requirements; b. 527 CMR: Massachusetts Fire Prevention Regulations, Installation Permits; c. 250 CMR: Board of Registration of Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors, Practice of Engineering and Preparation of Plans and Specifications; d. 528 CMR: Bureau of Pipe fitters, Refrigeration, and Sprinkler Fitters, Qualification and Licensing of Installers; e. M.G.L. c. 148, § 27A, Shutting off Existing Fire Protection systems and Permitting; f. 248 CMR: State Plumbing and Fuel Gas Code, Permits and Installation. (10) Approval of Devices for Use in Massachusetts. Types and models of atmospheric breakers, pressure vacuum breakers/anti-siphon vacuum breakers, backflow preventers with intermediate atmospheric vent, dual check valve preventers, and hose connection vacuum breakers may be used in Massachusetts for certain low hazard applications referred to in 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code shall be those meeting the requirements of, and approved by, the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters. All reduced pressure backflow preventers, double check valve assemblies, and double check detector assemblies used in Massachusetts for the protection of a cross connection in accordance with 310 CMR 22.00 shall meet the standards established by at least one of the following organizations: American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE), American Water Works Association or University of Southern California Specifications; Devices and valves installed on fire protection systems including dual check backflow preventer for residential fire sprinkler systems shall be listed by Underwriters Laboratory (UL) or approved by Factory Mutual Research in accordance with 780 CMR Massachusetts State Building Code unless otherwise approved by the head of the local fire department. The Department reserves the right to prohibit the use of any cross connection protection devices in Massachusetts if the Department determines that such device is found, after subsequent review, to be defective or to have performed inadequately in the field. (11) Installation Requirements. Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventers: Reduced pressure backflow preventers may be used to protect against backflow caused by back pressure or back siphonage and to protect a public water supply system from substances which are hazardous to health only when they are installed in the following manner: 1. For devices installed as in-plant protection, the reduced pressure backflow preventer shall be installed on the owner's side of the water meter on the potable water supply line. 2. Before installing a reduced pressure backflow preventer, all pipelines shall be thoroughly flushed to remove foreign material. 3. Drinking and domestic water lines, lines for safety showers, and lines for eye wash units must be taken off the upstream side of reduced pressure backflow preventers for devices installed as in-plant protection. 4. The reduced pressure backflow preventer shall be located so as to permit easy access and provide adequate and convenient space for maintenance, inspection, and testing. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued 5. The owner of the device shall be able to shut down water lines after reasonable notice during normal business hours to permit necessary testing and maintenance of the device, provided that if it is not possible to meet this requirement a by-pass line equipped with an approved type reduced pressure backflow preventer shall be installed. 6. The reduced pressure backflow preventer and shut-off valves must be installed in a horizontal alignment between three and four feet from the floor to the bottom of the device and a minimum of 12 inches from any wall. Vertical installation of devices shall be determined by the public water system. 7. closing valves must be installed at each end of the device and be immediately accessible unless otherwise approved by the Department or its Designee or public water system. 8. The device must be protected from freezing, flooding, and mechanical damage. 9. If the device is to be installed on a hot water line, a device approved for use at the elevated temperature must be used. 10. If a drain is to be provided for the relief valve port, there must be an approved air gap separation between the port and drain line. To be approved, the air gap must be at least twice the internal diameter of the discharge line. 11. Pit installation shall be approved only as provided in 310 CMR 22.22(11)(f). 12. All water lines shall be color coded according to 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code, except that water filtration plants, pumping stations, sewage treatment plants and sewage pumping stations shall label all water lines in lieu of color coding. Double Check Valve Assemblies. Double check valve assemblies may be used to protect against backflow caused by back pressure or back siphonage and to protect a public water supply system from substances which may be objectionable, but not hazardous to health, only if they are installed in the following manner: 1. Drinking and domestic water lines, lines for safety showers, and lines for eye wash units must be taken off the upstream side of the double check valve assembly for devices installed as in-plant protection. 2. The double check valve assembly shall be installed with adequate space to facilitate maintenance, inspection, and testing. 3. The double check valve must be installed horizontally and the top of the double check valve assembly must be between 12 inches and 48 inches from the floor and a minimum of 12 inches from any wall. Vertical installation of devices shall be determined by the public water system. 4. If a water meter is not provided on the upstream side of an approved swing-type double check valve assembly, a three to five foot spacer must be installed between the check valves. 5. closing valves must be installed at each end of the device and be immediately accessible unless otherwise approved by the Department or its Designee. 6. Double check valve assemblies must be readily accessible for testing and service and provided with suitable connections and appurtenances for testing. 7. The device must be protected against flooding, freezing and mechanical damage. 8. Pit installation will be approved only as provided in 310 CMR 22.22(11)(f). Vacuum Breakers. Vacuum breakers shall not be used to protect against backflow due to back pressure and shall not be installed as protection for high hazard conditions as determined by the Department, its Designee or public water system. Vacuum breakers may be used for low health hazards only if they are installed in the following manner: 1. Vacuum breakers must be installed at least six inches above the flood level rim of the fixture they serve. 2. Atmospheric vacuum breakers must be installed of the last shut off servicing the fixture or equipment. 3. Vacuum breakers must not be installed in locations where the device is subject to corrosive fumes, dust or grit. 4. Vacuum breakers must be protected against flooding, freezing and mechanical damage. 5. Atmospheric vacuum breakers shall not be used under conditions of static line pressure. Pressure vacuum breakers may be used under conditions of static line pressure. 6. Vacuum breakers shall be installed on all fixtures that have a threaded hose type connection as required in 248 CMR 10.14: Water Supply and the Water Distribution System, in addition to an air gap separation. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued Barometric Loops. Barometric Loops may be used only to protect against back siphonage, shall be approved for use only when no health hazard exists and when back pressure is not possible. Air Gap Separation. Air gap separation may be used to protect against backflow caused by back pressure or back siphonage and to protect a public water supply system from substances which are hazardous to health and shall be approved for use only when installed in accordance with 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code. Pit Installation. No devices shall be installed in pits except as specifically approved by the Department, its Designee or public water system in cases of unique circumstances, and must comply with 29 CFR 1910.196, OSHA regulations where applicable for work in confined spaces then only as follows: 1. the pit interior shall be a minimum of ten feet long, six feet wide, and must have a clear height 6½ feet high; 2. the pit must be watertight; 3. the pit opening and manhole cover must be at least 30 inches in diameter; 4. The foothold inserts must be of steel, aluminum, or other material approved by the Department, must be a maximum of 12 inches apart, and must be installed so that the top foothold is within 12 inches of the manhole cover and the bottom foothold is within 12 inches of the pit floor; 5. An adequate drain must be installed and the drain line shall not be connected to a sewer; 6. The pit floor shall be pitched to the drain; 7. If built in a roadway, the top of the pit must be adequately reinforced. (12) Cross Connection Certification Cross Connection Backflow Prevention Device Tester. Any person seeking Department certifications as a Backflow Prevention Device Tester in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall meet all of the following requirements: 1. pass a written and practical certification examination which is approved by the Department for "Backflow Prevention Device Tester". 2. apply to the Department for certification on the form provided by the Department. This submittal must include payment of the certification fee established by the Department. 3. Application for certification must be submitted to the Department no later than 12 moths after the date the applicant received notice of passing a Department approved examination. Cross Connection Control Surveyor. Any person seeking Department certification as a Cross Connection Surveyor in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts shall meet all of the following requirements: 1. Pass a written examination approved by the Department for Cross Connection Control Surveyor". 2. Apply to the Department for certification on the form provided by the Department. This submittal must include payment of the certification fee established by the Department. 3. Application for certification must be submitted to the Department no later than 12 months after the date the applicant received notice of passing a Department approved examination. Any person, upon satisfying the requirements of 310 CMR 22.22(13)(a), shall receive from the Department a certificate which indicates that he or she is a: 1. Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester; or 2. Certified Cross Connection Surveyor; or 3. Combination Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester/Certified Cross Connection Surveyor. All certificates will remain valid for three years from the date of issuance. Renewal of Certification. Any Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester, Cross Connection Surveyor or person holding a valid Combination Certificate who desires to renew his or her certification must submit a renewal application including any renewal fee and prerequisites, no later than one month prior to the expiration date of his or her certificate. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued 1. Backflow Prevention Device Testers. Persons applying for renewal shall complete at least 24 inspections/tests of backflow prevention devices and obtain a least three training contact hours (TCH) in the past three years. Proof of inspections and TCH shall accompany the application. 2. Cross Connection Surveyor. Persons applying for renewal shall complete at least three cross connection surveys and obtain a least three training contact hours (TCH) in the past three years. Proof of surveys and TCH shall accompany the application. Persons failing to meet the certification renewal requirements at 310 CMR 22.22(13)(e)1. and/or 2. within three years from the date that the certification expired must retake an examination approved by the Department for renewal. Recertifcation Requirements. Persons failing to renew their certification within three years from the date that the certificate expired, must retake an examination approved by the Department for recertification. Persons holding both a valid Backflow Prevention Device Testers certificate and a valid Cross Connection Surveyor certificate shall be issued a Combination Certificate. Persons holding a combination certification shall satisfy all the renewal requirements stated at 310 CMR 22.22(12)(e), except for the TCH requirements. Only three TCH will be required for a combination certificate. (13) Inspection Surveying, Testing and Overhauling of Devices. All cross connection surveys shall be conducted by a person who is a Massachusetts Certified Cross Connection Surveyor. All backflow prevention device tests shall be conducted by a certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22. A person holding a Combination Certification may conduct a cross connection survey and/or backflow prevention test. Within 14 calendar days after the installation of devices in accordance with plans reviewed and approved by the reviewing authority, the owner or owner's agent shall notify the public water system to arrange for the inspection of the installation. Reduced pressure backflow preventers, double check valve assemblies, may be inspected and tested by the Department, its designee or the public water system at any time. The public water system is responsible to ensure that each reduced pressure backflow preventer will be inspected semiannually in accordance with the public water system's approved cross connection program plan, as provided for in 310 CMR 22.22(3)(b). If the supply is used less than six months of the year, these devices shall be inspected and tested once each year. Each double check valve assembly shall be tested annually. Pressure type vacuum breakers should be tested at least annually by the owner of the device. Each test shall be conducted by a Certified Backflow Prevention Device Tester. Devices which fail the test or are found to be defective shall be overhauled, repaired, or replaced and retested within 14 calendar days of the failure or from the discovery of the defect. The repair work must be done by a plumber licensed by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to the extent required by 248 CMR 10.00: Uniform State Plumbing Code. No person shall overhaul, repair, replace a device on a fire system without approval from the head of the local fire department pursuant to M.G.L. c.148, § 27A. No two routine tests for reduced pressure backflow preventers required by 310 CMR 22.22 shall be conducted within five months of each other without the written approval of the Department, its designee or the public water system. The owner or owner's agent must maintain on the premises a spare parts kit and any special tools required for removal and reassembly of devices which are to be tested. The presence of these materials must be recorded on the Inspection and Maintenance Report Form. The owner or owner's agent must provide labor on the premises as necessary to allow inspection and testing of devices by the Department, the supplier of water, or Certified Backflow Prevention Device Testers. The owner or owner's agent shall notify the public water system in writing, no later than 30 days prior to the removal from service of any permitted device and such notification shall include the reason for removal and must indicate if the cross connection has been eliminated. The owner or owner's agent shall notify the public water system in writing no later than 30 days prior to a change in ownership. Notification must include, at a minimum, the name and address of the new owner as well as documentation with proof of change in ownership. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 310 CMR: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 22.22: continued If the public water system deems necessary, it may test a device more frequently to ensure proper cross connection control. (14) Right of Entry. All owners or operators of commercial, industrial or institutional premises served by a public water supply system shall authorize agents and employees of the Commonwealth, upon presentation of their credentials, to enter their premises without a warrant for the purpose of inspecting and surveying their water systems for cross connections and assuring compliance with 310 CMR 22.22, whether or not the Commonwealth has evidence that the system is in violation of an applicable legal requirement. (15) Fees. The certification fees for Backflow Prevention Device Testers and Cross Connection Control Surveyors are established by the Department as stated in 310 CMR 4.00: Timely Action Schedule and Fee Provisions. A person holding either a Testers or Surveyors certificate will not be charged an additional fee for a combination certification provided that all the requirement of 310 CMR 22.22(12) have been met. Permit fees as specified at 310 CMR 22.22(7)(b) are established by the Department in accordance with 310 CMR 4.00: Timely Action Schedule and Fee Provisions. (16) Enforcement. Whoever maintains a cross connection in violation of M.G.L. c. 111, § 160A, shall be: 1. punished by a fine of not more than $25,000 for each day such violation occurs or continues, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both such fine and imprisonment, or 2. subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $25,000 per day for each day that such violation occurs or continues. Any violation of 310 CMR 22.22 shall be subject to the administrative penalty provisions of 310 CMR 5.00: Administrative Penalty. Upon due notice to the person maintaining the connection the Department may revoke any permit whenever, in the opinion of the Department, the cross connection or the maintenance thereof no longer complies with 310 CMR 22.00. After notice and opportunity for a hearing, the Department may suspend or revoke the certification of any Backflow Prevention Device Tester or Cross Connection Control Surveyor for cause. A certified backflow prevention device tester or certified cross connection control surveyor whose certification has been suspended or revoked by the Department may not test devices or conduct any surveys pending the outcome of the hearing, if any. Audit: The Department may perform audits of a Public Water System's distribution system protection cross connection control program to ascertain whether the PWS is in compliance with 310 CMR 22.22, and to ascertain the fitness and purity of the water for domestic use and to secure the sanitary protection of such waters, pursuant to MGL c. 111, § 160. The Department may issue a written order, pursuant to M.G.L. c. 111, § 160A, requiring a supplier of public water to perform any action necessary to assure the delivery of fit and pure water through its distribution system, including the actions required under 310 CMR 22.22(13). In order to ensure the delivery of a fit and pure water supply, the Department may issue a written order, pursuant to M.G.L. c. 111, § 160, requiring a supplier of public water to cease supplying water to any premises if one or more cross connections are maintained in violation of the requirements of 310 CMR 22.22, or requiring any person to take such actions as are reasonable and necessary to prevent or to eliminate cross connections. 22.23: Use of Non-centralized Treatment Devices and Bottled Water Public Water Systems shall not use bottled water to achieve compliance with an MCL, MRDL, Action Level or Treatment Technique established in 310 CMR 22.00 or any standards specific to an individual Public Water System established pursuant to a health assessment as provided in 310 CMR 22.03(8). Bottled water may be approved by the Department for use on a temporary basis to avoid any unreasonable risk to health. Effective 6/12/2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- COMMONWEALTH of MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DRINKING WATER PROGRAM CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL PROGRAM MANUAL Prepared by: J. Otavio S. DePaula-Santos Created May 1998 Revised February 2009 ---PAGE BREAK--- TABLE OF CONTENTS I. OVERVIEW II. CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL PRACTICES 1. Inspection and testing of devices 2. Surveying 3. New Construction 4. Coordination with plumbing inspectors 5. Enforcement 6. Incident response III. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN IV. APPENDIX 1. Inspection and Maintenance Report Form 2. Standard Letters 3. Backflow Incidents - Case Histories in Massachusetts ---PAGE BREAK--- I. OVERVIEW Cross Connections between a potable water line and a nonpotable water systems or equipment have long been a concern of the Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP). It is for this purpose that Chapter 111, Section 160 A of the Massachusetts General Laws was enacted in 1960. The public water distribution system and the plumbing within a facility are continuously jeopardized by such connections unless appropriate backflow prevention devices are installed and maintained in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22. MassDEP established regulations to protect the public health of water consumers from contaminants due to backflow events. The purpose of this manual is to supplement these regulations and to assist the water officials in the implementation of their cross connection control program. In order to have a more effective cross connection control program it is required the cooperation and involvement of other city officials, such as: plumbing inspectors, fire chiefs, health agents and building inspectors. II. CROSS CONNECTION CONTROL PRACTICES 1. Inspection and Testing of Devices Pressure Vacuum Breakers and Spill Proof Pressure Vacuum Breakers As established in 310 CMR 22.22 (14), pressure vacuum breakers may be tested at any time by the supplier of water or by the Department. As such, the supplier, at his/her discretion, may prescribe a routine testing schedule for these devices, given appropriate manpower and time requirements. Due to the large volume of irrigation systems being installed with pressure vacuum breakers, and the associated hazard, the Department strong recommends this type of device be tested by the owner at least once a year to assure proper operation. Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventers (RPBP) and Double Check Valve Assemblies (DCVA) The Massachusetts Cross-connection Control Program Regulations, 310 CMR 22.22, requires the following: • All installations of reduced pressure backflow preventers (RPBP) which are registered by a PWS must be tested semiannually by a MassDEP Certified Backflow Tester. Any RPBP that is on line for less than six months of the year must be tested at least once a year. The ideal schedule is to have the devices tested at least six months after the first semiannual test. • All installations of double check valve assemblies (DCVA) which are registered by a PWS must be tested annually by a MassDEP Certified Backflow Device Tester. Care must be taken to insure that these devices are protected against freezing, flooding, and mechanical damage. If a supplier of water has concerns with particular hazards or finds that certain devices have developed a tendency to fail, he/she may require more frequent testing of a RPBP or DCVA. The following are important requirements and procedures to be followed: ---PAGE BREAK--- • All tests must be conducted by Massachusetts Certified Backflow Prevention Device Testers in accordance with methods and procedures described on EPA's Cross Connection Control Manual, EPA 570/9-89-007 publication or USC's Manual of Cross-Connection Control, 9th Edition. • The result of these tests should be recorded on an Inspection and Maintenance Report Form • The test reports that are not conducted by the PWS should be sent to the cross connection coordinator in the city/town where the devices are located within thirty days of the inspection. • Any device and assembly that fails a routine test or is found to be defective must be repaired, or replaced, and retested within 14 days from the date of the failed test or from discovering the problem. 2. Cross-connection Surveying Surveying water users for unprotected cross connections is the most challenging and difficult part of any cross connection control program. It is, however, of prime importance in the protection of both water supply distribution mains in the street and internal potable water supply systems within a facility. Without an active surveying program, the water supply system remains continually jeopardized by unprotected cross connections maintained by water users. These connections may contaminate water supply systems in the event of backflow, and such contamination may occur regardless of source water quality or elaborate treatment processes applied at the source. In order to effectively initiate a cross connection survey program, it is vital that all cross connection surveyors first understand the hydraulic conditions which cause backflow, and the devices and methods used to prevent cross connection contamination. All cross connection surveys shall be conducted by a MassDEP Certified Cross Connection Surveyor. GENERAL INFORMATION Two concepts fundamental to surveying are containment protection and in-plant protection. Containment protection involves installation of backflow prevention devices at the meter or property line, in such a manner that there are no tees or upstream connections between the water service from the main and the backflow prevention device. In-plant protection involves the isolation of cross connections in a water user's plumbing system through installation of backflow prevention devices on the potable water feed lines to one or more non-potable sources, systems, or equipment. While containment protection only provides protection for water mains in the street, in-plant protection affords protection for potable water plumbing systems within a facility. While recognizing the need for containment, the safety of any consumer with regard to cross connection contamination clearly relies on the success of an in-plant protection program. As outlined in Section 22 of the MassDEP Drinking Water Regulations, MassDEP has specific requirements for the installation of both containment and in-plant backflow prevention devices for any industrial, commercial, or institutional premises served by a public water supply system. While the water user bears responsibility for the installation of devices, the public water supplier is charged with the responsibility of surveying premises for cross connections and causing such installations to be made through issuing violation letters to affected users. It is of course, the water supplier who is responsible for the safety of his or her system and it would be remiss of any supplier to neglect protecting consumers against the hazards of backflow. The surveying program is best implemented when coordinated with other local officials, notably the plumbing inspector, health agent, city/town engineer, and fire official. These officials are all mutually concerned about public health and safety and can prove to be a valuable enforcement tool. In the ---PAGE BREAK--- course of their inspections, they can eliminate violations which come to their attention or notify the water official about hazardous situations. Confusion, frustration, and ultimately failure of the program are imminent when these officials and water users lack an understanding of the program and are not aware of the requirements. An outreach program can be very helpful in informing and educating water users and achieving compliance. The starting point for any survey program should be those facilities and premises which present the highest degree of health hazard, specifically those facilities so designated in the Drinking Water Regulations: • Nuclear reactors or other facilities where radioactive materials are used; • Sewage treatment plants and pumping stations; • Piers, docks, marinas, and shipyards; • Chemical Plants; • Metal Plating Industries; • Hospitals, mortuaries, medical clinics, dental offices and clinics; • Laboratories These types of facilities as well as others (as determined by the Department or the public water systems) which present similar health hazards must have reduced pressure backflow preventers installed at each service connection (containment protection) in addition to all devices required as internal protection (in-plant protection). Ultimately, the survey program should extend to all industrial, commercial, municipal, and institutional premises. These are the facilities which most commonly present cross connection hazards. Although cross connections may exist in residential homes, it is often impractical to survey such users because of their sheer numbers and generally non-hazardous nature. A public educational program should be developed by the local water officials with the purpose to inform and educate the general public about cross connection and the health hazardous that it creates. STEPS FOR CONDUCTING A CROSS-CONNECTION SURVEY Step 1: Meet with the Water User Prior to beginning the survey, there should be a meeting between the inspector and a representative of the facility, preferably the chief engineer, manager, or operator of the facility. A letter sent to the owner giving advance notice of the inspection can benefit both the inspector and the owner. At this time, the inspector should indicate the purpose of the survey, and inform the owner about the responsibilities of the water supplier and owner with regard to cross connection control. Any written information on the significance and threat from cross connections to water supply systems can be provided at this time. It is important that the owner understand the purpose of the inspection and the need for cross connection control. After discussing the survey with the owner's representative, the inspector should request the service of the chief maintenance person or plumber on staff who is the most knowledgeable on the water system within the facility. This individual should accompany the inspector throughout the entire survey and be able to answer questions which may arise. Any as-built plumbing plans which exist for the facility can be reviewed at this time to target those areas which are likely to require backflow prevention devices. ---PAGE BREAK--- Step 2: Begin the Survey The survey should begin at the water service entrance and continue throughout as much of the internal plumbing system as realistically possible. The survey should not be rushed and appropriate safety equipment should be at the inspector's disposal, such as safety goggles, hard hats, flashlights, etc. The inspector should maintain a professional demeanor and gain the respect and confidence of the water user. The attached Cross Connection Violation Form should be used to record all pertinent information on the facility owner and all cross connections found to exist as the survey progresses. It can also be used to detail cross connections through sketches of plumbing systems in mechanical rooms, at fire service entrances, or to detail the location of storage tanks, auxiliary sources, cooling towers, etc. It is important to have good field notes to document inspection findings and to ensure compliance in follow-up inspections. MassDEP Drinking Water Regulations 310 CMR 22.22, Table 22-1 should be used as a guide to target those fixtures/equipment requiring protection. In addition, Table 22-1 has been included here to provide the surveyor with more detailed information. The guiding principles in determining the necessary type of protection are type of backflow possible and degree of health hazard: ACCEPTABLE DEVICES OR ASSEMBLIES BACKFLOW CAUSED BY HEALTH HAZARD AG RPBP DCVA PVB or AVB BPIAV BACKSIPHONAGE HIGH X X MODERATE X X X X LOW X X X X X BACKPRESSURE HIGH X MODERATE X X LOW X X X AG - Air Gap AVB - Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker RPBP - Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer PVB - Pressure Vacuum Breaker DCVA - Double Check Valve Assembly BPIAV - Backflow Preventer with Intermediate Atmospheric Vent As the survey progresses, the inspector should write down all cross connections found to exist and whether or not an appropriate backflow prevention device has been installed for protection of the potable water supply. Any reduced pressure backflow preventers and double check valve assemblies required by 310 CMR 22.22 found on the premises must be issued a permit by the Department. The inspector's survey report should indicate the presence of these devices and whether permits have been issued. ---PAGE BREAK--- Cross-Connection Survey Report Form & Violation Notice (Print Clearly) Date of CC Survey PWS ID# PWS Name City/Town Facility Information 1. Facility Name (Business, Co., 2. Facility MA 3. Mailing 4. Contact Phone # 5. Type of facility: Industrial Commercial Institutional Municipal 6. Describe the facility use(i.e. motel, 7. Size of service connection:_________ inch. Is service connection metered? YES NO 8. Is supplemental protection at the meter required (containment device)? YES NO If YES, what type of backflow device is in use? Reduce Pressure Backflow Preventer (RPBP) Double Check Valve Assembly (DCVA) 9. Does this facility require non-interrupted water service? YES NO 10. Does the boiler feed utilize chemical additives? YES NO If YES, is the boiler protected with a backflow device? YES NO 11. Does this facility have an air conditioning cooling tower? YES NO If YES, is the cooling tower protected with a backflow device? YES NO 12. Is a water saver in use on condensing lines or cooling tower? YES NO If YES, is the make-up supply line protected with a backflow device? YES NO 13. Is process water in use in this facility? YES NO If YES, is the process water “potable” water or “raw” water? Potable Raw 14. Is the process water lines protected with a backflow device? YES NO 15. Does this facility have a fire protection system? YES NO If YES, is the fire protection system supplied by a dedicated water line? YES NO 16. What type of backflow device is being used on the fire protection system? Single swing check valve (SSCV) Reduce Pressure Backflow Preventer (RPBP) Double Check Valve Assembly (DCVA) Violation(s) Found NO violation(s) was/were found at the time of this cross-connection survey was conducted. Exact Location of Cross-connection Degree of Hazard Comments High Moderate Low High Moderate Low High Moderate Low High Moderate Low I certified that the above cross-connection survey findings are true (Signatures required) • Cross-connection Survey Conducted by: (MA-DEP Certified Cross-connection Surveyor) / / MassDEP Cert. CC Surveyor Name (Print) MA DEP Cert. ID# Expiration. Date Signature • Cross-connection Survey Witnessed by: (Facility Owner/Representative) Facility Owner/Representative Name (Print) Signature Date Note: • Use the attached table for protection options. • Provide to the facility owner/representative a copy of this form. ---PAGE BREAK--- P:/OPS/XCONN/CC Survey Report Form #5 (Revised 02/10/2009) ---PAGE BREAK--- TABLE 22-1 Types of Backflow Prevention Devices Required: Subject to the provisions of 310 CMR 22.22(10), Table 310 CMR 22-1 shall serve as the guide for the type of protection required. AG - Air Gap AVB - Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker RPBP - Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer PVB - Pressure Vacuum Breaker DCVA - Double Check Valve Assembly BPIAV - Backflow Preventer with Intermediate Atmospheric Vent Acceptable Types of Backflow Preventers Types of Hazard on Premises AG RPBP DCVA AVB PVB BPIAV Comments* 1. Sewage Treatment Plant X X 2. Sewage Pumping Station X X 3. Food Processing X X X* * If no health hazard exists 4. Laboratories X X X* * If no health hazard exists 5. Fixtures with hose threads on inlets X X X X In addition to an air gap separation, all fixtures that have a threaded hose type connection shall at a minimum, be equipped with a AVB in accordance with 248 CMR 2.14 6. Hospitals, Mortuaries, Clinics X X 7. Plating Facilities X X 8. Irrigation Systems X X X* Each case should be evaluated individually. * An AVB can be used if no back pressure is possible and no health hazard exists. Pressure Vacuum Breakers can be installed if back pressure is not possible 9. Systems or Equipment Using Radioactive Material X X 10. Submerged Inlets X X X* * If no health hazard exists and no back pressure is possible 11. Dockside Facilities X X 12. Valved outlets or fixtures with hose X X X* Each case should be evaluated individually * If no health hazard exists and no back pressure is possible 13. Commercial Laundries and Dry Cleaners X X 14. Commercial Dishwashing Machines X X X* * If no health hazard exists 15. High and Low Pressure Boilers X X* * If chemicals are added 16. Low Pressure Heating Boilers X Residential and small commercial, having no chemicals added 17. Photo Processing Equipment X X 18. Reservoirs – Cooling Tower Re- circulating Systems X X 19. Fire Protection Systems: For cross connection control, fire protection systems may be classified on the basis of water source and arrangement of supplies as follows: 19. Fire Protection Systems (continued) a. Class 1: Direct connection from public water system mains only; no pumps, tanks, or reservoirs; no physical connection from other water supplies; no antifreeze or other additives of any kind; all sprinkler drains discharge to atmosphere, dry wells, or other safe outlets. These systems may or may not have fire department connections. Refer to 310 CMR X X X A backflow prevention assembly does not have to be installed on existing fire protection systems installed prior to March 21, 1997, provided that the fire protection system is registered with the public water system, equipped with a UL listed alarm check valve that is properly maintained in accordance with NFPA 25 and has not undergone substantial modification defined ---PAGE BREAK--- 22.22(9)(d)1. within 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)3. Alarm check maintenance records must be available for inspection by the Department, its designee or the public water system b. Class 2: Same as Class 1 except that booster pumps may be installed in the connections from the street mains .These systems may or may not have fire department connections. Refer to 310 CMR 22.22(9)(a). X X X A backflow prevention assembly does not have to be installed on existing fire protection system installed prior to March 21, 1997, provided that the fire protection system is registered with the public water system and equipped with a UL listed alarm check valve that is properly maintained in accordance with NFPA 25. Alarm check maintenance records must be available for inspection by the Department, its designee or the public water system c. Class 3: Direct connection from public water system mains, plus one or more of the following: elevated storage tanks; fire pumps taking suction from aboveground covered reservoirs, or tanks; and pressure tanks. X X* X* * RPBP or DCVA contingent on evaluation of auxiliary supply and on-site system in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. d. Class 4: Directly supplied from public water system mains, similar to Class 1 and Class 2 with an auxiliary water supply dedicated to fire department use and available to the premises, such as an non-potable water source located within 1700 feet of the fire department connection, (FDC). X X* * RPBP on evaluation of auxiliary supply and on-site system in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. e. Class 5: Directly supplied from public water system mains, and interconnected with auxiliary supplies, such as pumps taking suction from reservoirs exposed to contamination, or rivers and ponds; driven wells; mills or other industrial water systems; or where antifreeze or other additives are used. X* X* * RPBP or air gap contingent on evaluation of auxiliary supply and on-site system. Refer to 310 CMR 22.22(9)(d)1. f. Class 6: Combined industrial and fire protection systems supplied from the public water mains only, with or without gravity storage or pump suction tanks. X X* X X * RPBP contingent on evaluation of on-site water system Refer to 310 CMR22.22 g. Residential fire protection systems for one and two family detached dwellings and manufactured homes only. Fire protection systems in three family dwellings meeting NFPA 13D requirements as provided in 780 CMR, Chapter 9, are included in this section. X X X Non testable devices and flow through systems should be used whenever possible. Systems are typically designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13D: "Installation of Sprinkler systems in One and Two Family Dwellings and manufactured homes." These systems are authorized to use food grade antifreeze with no additional requirements when potable piping (PB, CPVC, and copper tube) is employed. If non-grade antifreeze is utilized, the system may be classified as a Class 5. If a fire department connection is used, the requirements for a Class 1 or 2 apply. h. Residential fire protection systems for other than those described in Table 22-1-19.g. X X X Fire protection system in this category shall comply with the requirements set forth in class 1 through 4 as appropriate. 20. Solar Energy Systems X X X* Residential and small commercial having no ---PAGE BREAK--- chemicals or only USP Glycenne added to water 21. Single Jacketed Heat Exchangers X X Each case should evaluated individually ---PAGE BREAK--- GUIDE FOR BACKFLOW PROTECTION SECONDARY SOURCE, SYSTEM, OR EQUIPMENT AG RPBP DCVA AVB or PVB BFPAV Other HVAC Systems Boiler Systems w/ chemical treatment X X high pressure (715 psi) X X blowdown X X low pressure - no treatment X Forced Hot Water Heating w/ chemical treatment X X low pressure - no treatment X Chilled Water System X X Cooling Tower X X Compressors - water cooled AG at drain Treatment or Return tanks X X Heat Exchangers single jacketed X X double jacketed AG at drain Fire Systems * * See 310 CMR 22.22 Table 22-1 Irrigation Systems w/ underground sprinkler heads X X X w/ auxiliary supply X X w/ possible back pressure X X General Slop sinks X X Hose Spigots X Urinals, toilets X X Swimming pool makeup X X Photo developing X X Hospital Equipment X-ray Developers X X Dialysis Units X X ---PAGE BREAK--- SECONDARY SOURCE, SYSTEM, OR EQUIPMENT AG RPBP DCVA AVB or PVB BFPAV Other Sterilizers (autoclaves) X X Mortuary X X Vacuum Pumps X X X Bedpan washers X X X Laboratories * * Services to high hazard labs. must be contained in addition to fixture outlet protection Bench fixtures X X Pipette washers X X Cup sinks X X Industrial Cooling Water * X X * if non-contact Plating, processing tanks X X AG at drain Closed tanks, reactors X X Solar heating X X Laundry Submerged inlet washers X X X Chemical aspiration X X X Dry cleaning equipment X Kitchen Chemical aspirators X X X Dishwashers X X X Steam jacketed vessels X Degreasers X X Garbage disposals X X X Sewage & Waste Lines Priming lines/sewage pumps X X Blowdown X X Trap primers X X Step 3: End the Survey After completing the survey of the premises, the inspector should meet again with the chief engineer, manager, or operator and inform him or her about the findings of the survey, including identification of those areas where ---PAGE BREAK--- corrective actions will be required. The inspector should also inform the owner about any violation letters which will be issued as a result of the survey as well as provide the owner with a business card or telephone number where he or she can be reached for further questions. Step 4: Notify Owner in Writing of Violations The owner of a facility found in violation must be notified in writing of the need for backflow protection. This can be done by issuing a letter detailing the cross connections found on the premises and the devices required. The letter should indicate the need for plan submittal and approval and should have a date by which actions must be taken. Any necessary paperwork should also be attached, such as a local policy statement on cross connections, a design data sheet, a plumbing permit application, etc. The DEP, local plumbing inspector, and Board of Health should also receive copies of this notice. 3. New Construction and Retro-fitted Facilities New construction or modifications to existing facilities should be evaluated for backflow prevention requirements in the design stage. It is easier and much less expensive for an owner to comply with device requirements at this stage than it is after a facility is constructed. Retrofitting of devices on fire systems, HVAC systems, or other systems can prove to be very costly and very often difficult due to confined spaces or extensive distribution systems. Waterworks officials should make every effort to ensure proper backflow protection for all new construction so that the public water system is not jeopardized and the burden to an owner is minimized. The waterworks official should: • Provide information on device requirements and approval and permit requirements to any water user or contractor requesting a connection to the public water system. • If possible, review building plans jointly with the local plumbing inspector, so that all cross connections are properly protected and permits are issued. • Notify local fire officials of device requirements and associated pressure drops, so fire systems will operate efficiently and the water system will be protected. • Retain sign-off on certificates of occupancy so that a site inspection can be done prior to activating the water service with the support of other local officials, efforts to achieve compliance on new construction can be very successful, while at the same time provide awareness of the importance of cross connection control to officials and water users alike. With the support of other local officials, efforts to achieve compliance on new construction can be very successful, while at the same time provide awareness of the importance of cross connection control to officials and water users alike. 4. Coordination with Local Plumbing Inspectors Local Plumbing Inspectors, authorized by Chapter 142 of the Massachusetts General Laws, administer and enforce the state plumbing code. As a part of their duties, pursuant to section 2.14(6)(c), the plumbing inspector shall prohibit cross connections between potable water systems and other systems or equipment containing water or other substances of unknown or questionable safety except when and where, as approved by the Department of Environmental Protection, suitable protective devices such as the reduced pressure backflow preventer or equal are installed tested and maintained to insure proper operation on a continuing basis. As such, water suppliers should make an attempt to coordinate efforts with the local plumbing inspector to assure that all cross connections are protected by an appropriate device, and that all approvals of installations are made by the appropriate reviewing authority. Bear in mind it is much easier to incorporate backflow prevention a device in the design stage then it is to retrofit devices on existing plumbing systems. ---PAGE BREAK--- The plumbing inspector can also be a good source of information on any questions arising from surveying which pertain to the purpose and design of any plumbing materials, equipment, or fixtures. 5. Enforcement After any violations of the Cross Connection Regulations are found, in surveys or otherwise, the supplier must send out a Cross Connection Violation Form detailing the violation(s) and a procedure for corrective action. This normally includes a requirement for plan submittal and should indicate the deadline for such submittal and who the reviewing authority will be (either the Department or the water supplier). Normally 30 days is given for plan submittal unless a more appropriate schedule is necessary in the judgment of the inspector. If the owner of any premises does not initiate corrective actions by the prescribed deadline, the water supplier should then issue a follow-up letter indicating that the owner remains in violation and under 310 CMR 22.22 Section 2(b) will have his service terminated unless corrective work is initiated within 15 days. If the owner of any premises remains in noncompliance after the deadline established in this second letter, the property should be posted for shut off and the water service should be terminated. The owner should be notified of this in writing. It is important to note that frequently violations may be found in great numbers and may have large financial impacts on the owners of any premises. In these circumstances, a creative enforcement strategy must be undertaken whereby corrective work is staggered over a reasonable period of time. However, the public water supply distribution mains should never be at risk and containment devices should be a priority at any high hazard facility. On occasion problems may arise on enforcement where termination of the water supply would result in unreasonable risk to the public health of the community. In these circumstances, the Department should be notified and other enforcement strategies will be necessary, including but not limited to the assessment of an administrative penalty to any person in noncompliance with section 22 of the Drinking Water Regulations of Massachusetts. 6. Incident Response Each utility as part of its standard operating procedure should have a response plan for suspected backflow incidents. Upon a report of contamination, the water utility's cross connection inspector should investigate the nature of contamination and in light of the circumstances found to exist, determine if in fact a backflow incident did or is occurring. The Drinking Water Regulations of Massachusetts, 310 CMR 22.22, Section 10 5, states that the supplier must take appropriate action to eliminate hazardous conditions. This may include shutting off the water service to any premises suspected of contaminating the public water supply. In any event where backflow is (or was) either suspected or confirmed, the following agencies should be notified immediately: • The appropriate regional office of the Department of Environmental Protection • Local Health Department or health authority In addition, samples should be taken to a certified laboratory for analysis to determine the nature of the contamination, if any. The scope of the incident should be determined and all consumers affected by the contamination must be notified immediately if there is any threat to public health. Any remedial action to mitigate the contamination should be initiated as soon as possible. This would normally include installation of backflow prevention devices, disconnecting systems or equipment, or flushing and ---PAGE BREAK--- chlorinating affected water lines. No water in the affected area should be used for drinking, bathing, or cooking until such time as further sampling and analysis dictates that no threat to the public health exists. Any and all actions taken must be well documented by the supplier, as backflow incidents frequently involve significant losses, and liability concerns can be expected to follow. III. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN As required by 310 CMR 22.22, each public water supplier must submit a cross connection control program plan on a time schedule indicated in section (10). This plan shall represent each utility's approach to protecting the potable water supply system from cross connection contamination. As part of the plan, each supplier must fill out the MassDEP Cross Connection Control Implementation Plan in order to characterize their systems and develop a strategy for protecting all consumers. This data sheet must be completely filled out and signed by the superintendent. Any local ordinance or by-law pertaining to cross connection control should be attached. Each specific implementation plan (part E of the program plan) should be developed in light of the circumstances particular to any water system. For instance, if a particular system serves a largely residential population and only has a few industrial, commercial, or institutional services, then it may be feasible to survey all of these services connections within a year. On the other hand a large water system serving a vast number of industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities may develop a plan to survey all such facilities over a 5 year period (or longer.) Be advised that any CCCP plan submittal which involves containment only will not be approved. A containment first / in-plant later approach will only be approved if conditions on a system exist which will warrant this approach. The goal of the program plan is to afford protection to all consumers, who continually use potable water at the free flowing taps. In order to further aid water suppliers in initiating cross connection control programs, a model cross connection control program ordinance has been included in this section. This ordinance is intended to strengthen the program at the local level and elaborate on proper cross connection control practices, and included in it is material not covered in MassDEP regulations such as testing fees, installation of strainers, and containment on residential services. Bear in mind that it is not required that this ordinance be established, but each supplier may want to consider adopting this or a similar ordinance to enhance their cross connection program. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.1. Flow Chart of a Local Program If Backflow Preventer is Required Plumbing Permit Issued AVB, PVB, BFPAV or Other Low Hazard Backflow Device Plumbing Inspector Approves Installation Plan RPBP or DCVA PWS Approves Installation Plan Survey by PWS Violation Notice Issued to Owner with Plan Requirements, if Necessary Existing Facility Plumbing Permit Issued Device Installed Device Installed Inspection and Initial Test by PWS Inspected by Plumbing Inspector Devices Tested by PWS or Owner in accordance with 310 CMR 22.22 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.2. Cross Connection Control Program Procedures 1. Need to survey determined and priority assigned according to known or suspected hazard on premises. 2. Customer notified and appointment set. 3. Premises surveyed - customer receives notice if violations are found and such notice includes schedules for required actions. 4. Customer submits plans to water supplier for approval, including device design data sheets. 5. Water supplier accepts or rejects plans in writing. Customer is notified of time frame allowed for installations. 6. After approval, protective devices are installed after obtaining plumbing permit. 7. Customer notifies water supplier when installations are complete. 8. Installation is inspected and devices are tested by water supplier. 9. Water supplier sends copy of Inspection and Maintenance Report Form to DEP for issuance of Massachusetts Cross Connection Device Identification Number. The annual permit application will be sent to the owner at the end of each year. 10. Each reduced pressure backflow preventer is put on a semi-annual testing schedule and each double check valve assembly is put on an annual testing schedule with reports of such inspections sent to MassDEP. 11. Records maintained of surveys and inspections for seven years, available at the request of authorities. 12. Re-surveys are done as necessary, when suspected or known hazards warrant such action. Notes A. Normal time frame allowed for plan submittal is 30 days from survey date + 14 days to accept/reject plan + 30 days for installation + 14 days for inspection = 90 days total. B. Extensions granted from above schedule in cases involving extensive plumbing modifications and/or large financial impact. C. MassDEP will be accesses for technical assistance and on complex enforcement issues as necessary. D. Plumbing inspector, town engineer, water and sewer superintendents will be utilized as necessary when approving installations. E. Shut-off procedures will be initiated on owners who refuse, fail, or are unable to install protective devices within allotted time frames. ---PAGE BREAK--- 19 Model Cross Connection Control Ordinance (Water Department Name) Cross-Connection Control Program I. Purpose A. To protect the public potable water supply served by the Water Department from the possibility of contamination or pollution by isolating such contaminants or pollutants which could backflow or back-siphon into the public water system. B. To promote the elimination or control of existing cross connections, actual or potential, between its customers in-plant potable water system, and non-potable systems. C. To provide for the maintenance of a continuing program of cross connection control which will effectively prevent the contamination or pollution of all potable water systems by cross connection. II. Authority A. As provided for in the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, (Public Law 93-523), and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Drinking Water Regulations, 310 CMR 22.22, the water purveyor has the primary responsibility for preventing water from unapproved sources, or any other substances, from entering the public potable water system. B. Water Department, Rules and Regulations, adopted (date). III. Responsibility The Water Commission shall be responsible for the protection of the public potable water distribution system from contamination or pollution due to the backflow or backsiphonage of contaminants or pollutants. If, as a result of a survey of the premises, the Commission determines that an approved backflow prevention device is required at the town's water service connection or as in-plant protection on any customer's premises, the commission, or its delegated agent, shall issue a cross connection violation form to said customer to install approved backflow prevention devices. The customer shall, within a time frame determined by the Commission, install such approved device or devices at his own expense, and failure or refusal or inability on the part of the customer to install said device or devices within the specified time frame shall constitute a ground for discontinuing water service to the premises until such device or devices have been properly installed. IV. Definitions A. Approved - Accepted by the Reviewing Authority as meeting an applicable specification stated or cited in this regulation, or as suitable for the proposed use. B. Approved Backflow Prevention Device or Device - A testable or non-testable cross connection control device that is approved by the MassDEP for use in Massachusetts. C. Auxiliary Water Supply - Any water supply, on or available, to the premises other than the purveyor’s approved public potable water supply. D. Backflow - The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances, under positive or reduced pressure in the distribution pipes of a potable water supply from any source other than its intended source. E. Backflow Preventer - A device or means designed to prevent backflow or backsiphonage. Most commonly categorized as air gap, reduced pressure principle device, double check valve assembly, pressure vacuum breaker, atmospheric vacuum breaker, hose bibb vacuum breaker, residential dual check, double check with intermediate atmospheric vent, and barometric loop. E.1. Air Gap - The method of preventing backflow through the use of an unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle. The air gap separation shall be at least twice the internal diameter of the supply pipe discharge line but in no case less than one inch. E.2. Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker - A device which prevents backsiphonage by creating an atmospheric vent when there is either a negative pressure or subatmospheric pressure in a water system. ---PAGE BREAK--- 20 E.3. Barometric Loop - A fabricated piping arrangement rising at least thirty five (35) feet at its topmost point above the highest fixture it supplies. It is utilized in water supply systems to protect against backsiphonage. E.4. Double Check Valve Assembly - An assembly of two independently operating spring loaded check valves with closing shut off valves on each side of the check valves, plus properly located test cocks for the testing of each check valve. E.5. Double Check Valve with Intermediate Atmospheric Vent - A device having two spring loaded check valves separated by an atmospheric vent chamber. E.6. Hose Bibb Vacuum Breaker - A device which is permanently attached to a hose bibb and which acts as an atmospheric vacuum breaker. E.7. Pressure Vacuum Breaker - A device containing one or two independently operated spring loaded check valves and an independently operated spring loaded air inlet valve located on the discharge side of the check or checks. Device includes closing shut-off valves on each side of the check valves and properly located test cocks for the testing of the check valve(s). E.8. Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Preventer - An assembly consisting of two independently operating approved check valves with an automatically operating differential relief valve located between the two check valves, closing shut-off valves on each side of the check valves plus properly located test cocks for the testing of the check valves and the relief valve. E.9. Residential Dual Check - An assembly of two spring loaded, independently operating check valves without closing shut-off valves and test cocks. Generally employed immediately of the water meter to act as a containment device. F. Backpressure - A condition in which the owners system pressure is greater than the supplier’s system pressure. E. Backsiphonage - The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply system from any source other than its intended source caused by the sudden reduction of pressure in the potable water supply system. F. Commission - The Town of Water Commission or owner or operator of a public water supply system invested with the authority and responsibility for the implementation of a cross connection control program and for the enforcement of the provisions of the Ordinance. G. Containment - A method of backflow prevention which requires a reduced pressure backflow preventer or an air gap separation at the meter or property line H. Contaminant - A substance that will impair the quality of the water to a degree that it creates a serious health hazard to the public leading to poisoning or the spread of disease. I. Cross-Connection - Any actual or potential connection between the public water supply and a source of contamination or pollution. J. Cross Connection Violation Form - A violation form designated by MassDEP, which is sent to the owner by the water supplier with copies sent to the, plumbing inspectors and Board of Health delineating cross connection violations found on the owner's premises and a procedure for corrective action. K. Department - The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP). L. Design Data Sheet - A report form submitted to the supplier of water along with plans for each installation of a reduced pressure backflow preventer or double check valve assembly, or for each change to any such device already installed, describing and showing the details of the specific installation. M. Health Hazard - An actual or potential threat of contamination to the potable water in a public water system, which, in the opinion of the supplier of water would endanger health. N. In-Plant Protection - The location of approved backflow prevention devices in a manner, which provides protection of the consumers of water and the potable water system within the premises. ---PAGE BREAK--- 21 O. Inspection - An on-site inspection and survey by a qualified individual to determine the existence and location of cross connections and/or the physical examination and testing of an installed backflow prevention device to verify that the backflow prevention device is functioning properly. P. Inspection and Maintenance Report Form - A report form which is to be used by certified testers to record all pertinent testing information Q. Owner - Any person maintaining a cross connection installation or owning or occupying premises on which cross connections can or do exist. R. Owner's Agent - Any person or body designated by the owner to act as his or her representative. S. Person - Any individual, corporation, company, association, trust, partnership, the Commonwealth, a municipality, district, or other subdivision or instrumentality of the United States, except that nothing herein shall be constructed to refer to or to include any American Indian tribe or the United States Secretary of the Interior in his capacity as trustee of Indian lands. T. Pollutant - A foreign substance, that if permitted to get into the public water system, will degrade its quality so as to constitute a moderate hazard, or impair the usefulness or quality of the water to a degree which does not create an actual hazard to the public health but which does adversely and unreasonably effect such water for domestic use. U. Potable Water - Water from any source that has been approved by MassDEP for human consumption. V. Reviewing Authority - The supplier of water, or the local plumbing inspector, authorized by M.G.L. c. 142 and licensed by the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas Fitters, whichever is responsible for the review and approval of the installation of an approved backflow prevention device. W. Supplier of Public Water - Any person who owns or operates a public water supply system. X. Unapproved Source - The source or distribution system for any water or other liquid or substance which has not been approved by the MassDEP as being of safe and sanitary quality for human consumption, including but not limited to any waste pipe, soil pipe, sewer, drain, or non-acceptable potable water system material. V. Administration A. The Commission will operate an active cross-connection control program, to include the keeping of necessary records, which fulfills the requirements of MassDEP's Cross Connection Regulations and is approved by MassDEP. B. The Owner shall allow his property to be inspected for possible cross-connections and shall follow the provisions of the Commission’s program and MassDEP’s Regulations. VI. Requirements A. Commission 1. On new installations, the Commission will provide onsite evaluation and/or inspection of plans in order to determine the type of backflow preventer, if any, that will be required, will issue permit, and perform inspection and testing. 2. For premises existing prior to the start of this program, the Commission will perform surveys of the premises and review of as-built plans and issue a cross connection violation form to the owner detailing any corrective action required, the method of achieving the correction, and the time allowed for the correction to be made. The time period allowed shall depend upon the degree of hazard involved. 3. The Commission will not allow any cross-connection to remain unless it is protected by an approved backflow preventer for which a permit has been issued and which will be regularly tested to insure satisfactory operation. 4. The Commission shall inform the Owner by letter, of any failure to comply, by the time of the first re- inspection. The Commission will allow an additional fifteen (15) days for the correction. In the event the Owner fails to comply with the necessary correction by the time of the second re-inspection, the Commission will inform the Owner by letter, that the water service to the Owner’s premises will be terminated within a period not to exceed five days. In the event that the Owner informs the Commission of extenuating circumstances as ---PAGE BREAK--- 22 to why the correction has not been made, a time extension may be granted by the Commission but in no case will exceed an additional thirty (30) days. 5. If the Commission determines at any time that a serious threat to the public health exists, the water service will be terminated immediately. 6. The Commission will begin initial premise inspections to determine the nature of existing or potential hazards, following the approval of this program by MassDEP, during the calendar year ( Initial focus will be on high hazard industries and commercial premises. B. Owner 1. The Owner shall be responsible for the elimination or protection of all cross-connections on his premises. 2. The Owner shall be responsible for applying for and obtaining all necessary approvals and permits for the maintenance of cross connections and installation of backflow prevention devices. 3. The Owner shall correct any malfunction of the backflow preventer which is revealed by periodic testing. 4. The Owner shall inform the Commission of any proposed or modified cross connections and also any existing cross connections of which the Owner is aware but has not been found by the Commission. 5. The Owner shall not install a bypass around any backflow preventer unless there is a backflow preventer of the same type on the bypass. Owners who cannot shut down operation for testing of the device(s) must supply additional devices necessary to allow testing to take place. 6. The Owner shall install backflow preventers in a manner approved by the Commission. 7. The Owner shall install only backflow preventers approved by MassDEP. 8. Any Owner of industrial, commercial, or institutional premises having a private well or other private water source must have a permit if the well or source is cross connected to the Commission's system. Permission to cross connect may be denied by the Commission. The Owner may be required to install a backflow preventer at the service entrance if a private water source is maintained even if it is not cross connected to the Commission's system. 9. The owner of a private well or individual water source serving residential dwellings used for potable or non- potable purposes will not be allowed a physical connection with the public water supply system. 10. The Owner shall be responsible for the payment of all fees for permits, annual or semi-annual device testing, retesting in the case that the device fails to operate correctly, and second re-inspections for non- compliance with MassDEP or Commission requirements. VII.Degree of Hazard The Commission recognizes the threat to the public water system arising from cross-connections. All threats will be classified by degree of hazard and will require the installation of approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices or double check valves. The Commission may require a containment device on the water service entrance to any customer who, as a result of unprotected cross connections, could contaminate the public water supply system. VIII. Existing In-Use Backflow Prevention Devices Any existing backflow preventer shall be allowed by the Commission to continue in service unless the degree of hazard is such as to supersede the effectiveness of the present backflow preventer or result in an unreasonable risk to the public health. Where the degree of hazard has increased, as in the case of a residential installation converting to a business establishment, any existing backflow preventer must be upgraded to a reduced pressure backflow preventer, or a reduced pressure backflow preventer must be installed in the event that no backflow device was present. IX. Periodic Testing A. Reduced pressure principle backflow devices shall be tested and inspected at least semi-annually. ---PAGE BREAK--- 23 B. Backflow device testing and inspection shall be performed by a MassDEP certified backflow tester. C. The testing shall be conducted during the Commission's regular business hours. Exceptions to this, when at the request of the Owner, may require additional charges to cover the increased costs to the Commission. D. Any backflow preventer which fails during a periodic test must be repaired or replaced by a licensed plumber. When repairs are necessary, upon completion of the repair, the device will be retested at the Owner's expense to insure proper operation. High hazard situations will not be allowed to continue unprotected if the backflow preventer fails the test and cannot be repaired immediately. In other situations, a compliance date of not more than fourteen days after the test date will be established. The Owner is responsible for spare parts, repair tools, or a replacement device. Parallel installation of two devices is an effective means of the Owner insuring that uninterrupted water service remains during testing or repair of devices and is strongly recommended when the owner desires such continuity. E. Backflow prevention devices will be tested more frequently than specified above in in cases where there is a history of test failures and the Commission feels that due to the degree of hazard involved, additional testing is warranted. Cost of the additional tests will be born by the Owner. X. Records and Reports Records The Commission will initiate and maintain the following: • Master files on customer cross-connection tests and/or inspections. • Master files on approved cross-connection installations. • Master files on facilities surveyed and violations found. • Master files on correspondences, violation notices and enforcement actions. Reports The Commission will submit reports, such as: listing of cross connection and respective devices, summary of cross connection inspections and surveys, to the MassDEP upon request. XI. Fees and Charges The Commission will publish a list of fees or charges for the following services: 1. Testing fees 2. Re-testing fees 3. Fee for re-inspection 4. Charges for after-hours inspections or tests. Addendum 1. Residential dual check Effective the date of the acceptance of this Cross-Connection Control Program for the Town of all new residential buildings will be required to install a residential dual check device immediately of the water meter. Installation of this residential dual check device on a retrofit basis on existing service lines will be instituted at a time and at a potential cost to the homeowner as deemed necessary by the Commission. The Owner must be aware that installation of a residential dual check valve results in a potential closed plumbing system within his/her residence. As such, provisions may have to be made by the owner to provide for thermal expansion within his/her closed loop system, i.e., the installation of thermal expansion devices and/or pressure relief valves. 2. Strainers The Commission strongly recommends that all new retrofit installations of reduced pressure principle devices and double check valve backflow preventers include the installation of strainers located immediately upstream of the backflow device. The installation of strainers will preclude the fouling of backflow devices due to both foreseen and unforeseen circumstances occurring to the water supply system such as water main repairs, water main breaks, fires, periodic cleaning and flushing of mains, etc. These occurrences may “stir up” debris within the water main that will cause fouling of backflow devices installed without the benefit of strainers. IV. Appendix: ---PAGE BREAK--- 24 IV.1. Inspection and Maintenance Report Form ---PAGE BREAK--- 25 IV.2. Standard Letters SAMPLE OF VIOLATION NOTICE PRINTED ON WATER DEPT. LETTERHEAD [Date] [Facility Owner Name] [Facility Address] [City/Town], [State] [Zip] RE: Cross Connection Control Survey Violation Notice Dear [Facility Owner Name]: THIS IS AN IMPORTANT NOTICE. FAILURE TO TAKE ADEQUATE ACTION IN RESPONSE TO THIS NOTICE COULD RESULT IN SERIOUS LEGAL CONSEQUENCES. On [Survey Date], inspector [Inspector's Name] of the [City/Town] Water Department Cross-Connection Control Program conducted a survey of your property located at [Facility Address]. 310 CMR 22.22, Massachusetts Drinking Water Regulations requires all industrial, commercial and institutional facilities to be survey for cross- connection. This cross-connection survey was performed to determine if any cross-connection between the drinking water distribution system and any non-potable liquid or gases exists. [Owner's Representative] was present during the survey. 310 CMR 22.22, defines a cross-connection as “…any actual connection or arrangement between any pipe conveying potable water from a public water system and any non-potable water supply, piping arrangement or equipment including, but not limited to waste pipe, sewer, drain, other unapproved sources, or any direct or indirect connection between a plumbing fixture or device whereby contaminated water or fluids, gases, or substances may enter and flow back into the potable water piping system or the distribution system of a public water system.” The following cross-connection(s) was/were found during the cross-connection survey. [Described in detail the cross-connection(s) found and the exact location]. These cross-connections are in violation of 310 CMR 22.22 and must be eliminated or properly protected by [Date]. You are required to submit a plumbing plan or design data sheet detailing the correction for each of the cross connection found. This information must be submitted to [PWS Name] for review and approval. Please note the [City/Town] Cross-Connection Control Program recommends the elimination of the cross connection wherever possible. In many cases, re-piping some portion of your facility may eliminate or reduce the number of backflow preventers needed which could result in significant cost savings to you and additional protection of the water supply for all consumers of this system. We encourage you to discuss this option with your plumber. In situations of economic hardship, time extension may be granted. In order for an extension to be considered, a request must be made to the [City/Town] Cross-Connection Control Program in writing, indicating the reasons for the extension and the proposed schedule for elimination or protection of the cross-connection. This must be submitted with the plumbing plan or design data sheet according to the previously mentioned time frame. The [PWS Name], does not, under any circumstances, recommend or endorse any person, agent, company, contractor, etc., to engage in the correction of the violations(s) contained within this violation notification. However, this violation notification is considered to be a public record and may be obtained by any interested parties under the guidelines set forth in the Massachusetts Public Records Law. ---PAGE BREAK--- 26 If further information is necessary, please contact the [City/Town] Cross Connection Control Program at ( ) - from Monday through Friday between the hours of [xx:xxam and yy:yypm]. Please be advised, if you feel that any or all of the above mentioned violations are incorrect, please submit, a written statement listing the violations(s) that you feel are in error and your facility will be re-evaluated. In addition, the [City/Town] does have a formal appeal process. For more information, please contact Mr./Ms. at ( ) - . Thank you for your cooperation in protecting [City/Town] drinking water. Sincerely, Cross Connection Inspector Attachment cc: Anytown Plumbing Inspector Anytown Building Inspector Anytown Board of Health Anytown Fire Marshall ---PAGE BREAK--- 27 IV.3. Backflow Incidents - Case Histories in Massachusetts Listed below are some of the more dramatic backflow incidents that have occurred in the Commonwealth. 1. Chelmsford - Car Wash - 1985 Car wash process water backflowed into the city water distribution mains. A recirculating water system was used at the car wash and when a city water make-up valve was left open, the wash water entered the potable water supply through an unprotected cross connection (process system pressure exceeded city water pressure). 2. Boston - Condominium Complex - 1985 Chemically treated water from a cooling tower backflowed into the potable water system through an unprotected city water makeup line. Initial samples indicated 125 ppm hexavalent chromium in the potable water system. Six-hundred plus residents consumed bottled water for three days until appropriate devices were installed and further sampling indicated water was safe for domestic use. 3. Boston - Hospital - 1985 An estimated 500-1000 gallons of water treated with ethylene glycol and hydrazine backflowed into the domestic water system and water mains in the street. The treated water backflowed through a temporary hose connection after repairs were made to the chilled water system. Hydrants on the system and taps in the building were flushed until lab tests confirmed contamination was eliminated. 4. North Andover - Industrial Plant - 1982 Chilled water treated with hexavalent chromium backflowed into the domestic water system. The pump in the chilled water system generated a pressure which exceeded that of the city water supply and backflowed through an unprotected cross connection into the drinking water distribution system. Maintenance crews working during the plant shut down were able to eliminate the cross connection and thoroughly flush the potable water system thereby preventing a serious health hazard from occurring. 5. Boston - Regional High School 1980 Chromates pumped into the potable water system from a boiler-fortunately, the custodian noted yellow colored water in drinking fountain. School was closed for five days to flush and chlorinate water lines and install backflow preventer. 6. Chelmsford - Small Commercial Building 1975 Potable water line was contaminated with ethylene glycol due to an unprotected cross connection between the solar heating system and the potable water line. Complaint of distasteful water was registered by employees of the company. 7. Boston - Dock Connections - 1974 An unprotected cross connection between dockside potable water line and a salt water line aboard a ship caused Boston Harbor water to be pumped into the city water line. (Normal city water pressure 60-75 PSI - Salt-water Pump Press 70-80 PSI). 8. Boston - Auditorium - 1974 Potable water system in the auditorium was contaminated with chromates due to an unprotected cross connection between the recirculated water system for air conditioning and the potable water system. This condition was noticed at the luncheon of the American Water Works Association which was holding its annual meeting at the auditorium. After a thorough survey of the building, a total of 9 cross connections were identified and protected with backflow preventers. ---PAGE BREAK--- 28 9. Woburn - Greenhouse - 1973 Due to cross connection between a pressurized chemical application system and a potable water line and a mechanical failure of a single unapproved single check valve, an undetermined volume of a fungicide was injected into the city water distribution system. (City water pressure 60 PSI-Chemical application system 300 PSI). Numerous complaints were received concerning odorous drinking water from residents in the area. 10. Boston - Office Building - 1972 Yellow water from drinking fountain due to an unprotected cross connection between potable water line and recirculated water line from cooling tower (sodium chromate and caustic soda added to water in cooling tower). Several employees of U.S. Geological Survey who consumed some water from the fifth and seventh floor drinking fountains became ill. 11. Worcester - Athletic Facility - 1969 A cross connection at a practice field caused an outbreak of infectious hepatitis among members of a college football team (approximately, 90 cases including players, trainers and coaching staff). The water to the field which had an equipment house came from a main through a meter pit. On the way to a faucet in the equipment house- a faucet used to fill water cups used by the team - the water line ran to a series of irrigation outlets located in pits below grade where they could be submerged by the flooding of the boxes. The demand of water to fight a fire at a lower elevation caused the development of negative pressure at the field level which caused the contaminated water in the pits to enter the potable water line through a leaking connection or an open gate valve. Subsequent tests made by flooding the boxes with dyed water and opening fire hydrants in the area below the practice field showed water could flow from the pits to the faucet in the field house. 12. Industrial Plant - 1969 River water was pumped into the potable water system at the above company through an unprotected cross connection. (River water pressure 88 to 100 PSI town Pressure 60-75 PSI.) There were seven cases of hepatitis and approximately 130 cases of Gastrointestinal upsets.