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Appendix I: Glossary and Acronyms 263 BRT See “Bus Rapid Transit” Budget by Priorities An organizational budgeting process in which spending proposals (“offers”) are ranked and funded by the decision-making body based on a previously identified set of priorities or criteria. Buildout Plan The City of Redmond’s complete long-term list of planned transportation system improvements. Bus Rapid Transit An enhanced bus system that operates on bus lanes or other transitways in order to combine the flexibility of buses with the efficiency of rail. Capital Improvement Program A six-year plan for future capital expenditures which identifies each capital project, including anticipated start and completion dates, and allocates existing funds and known revenue sources. The CIP is updated and adopted annually as part of the City budget. Capital Investment Strategy A hybrid planning and budgeting document that summarizes known City of Redmond capital investment needs for the following 18 years. CIP See “Capital Improvement Program.” CIS See “Capital Investment Strategy.” Commute Trip A trip made from an employee’s residence to a work site for a regularly scheduled workday. Commute Trip Reduction It is a requirement of the Washington State Clean Air Act that major employers develop and implement programs that will reduce the number of times their employees drive alone to work. The goals of commute trip vehicle miles traveled per employee and proportion of single occupant automobiles were a 15 percent reduction by January 1, 1995, a 25 percent reduction by January 1, 1997, and a 35 percent reduction by January 1, 1999. Complete Streets Streets which are designed and operated to enable safe, attractive, and comfortable access and travel for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and public transportation users of all ages and abilities. Comprehensive Plan The long-range plan used as a guide for the physical, economic, and social development of Redmond. Concurrency A requirement of the 1990 Growth Management Act (RCW 36.70A.070(6)) that the City must enforce an ordinance precluding development approval if a development would cause the transportation LOS to fall below the City’s adopted LOS standard, unless revenues are secured to complete mitigating transportation improvements or strategies within six years. If a development fails to meet the concurrency test, supplemental mitigation in the form of transportation improvements or strategies will be required to accommodate the impacts of the development and allow it to achieve concurrency. Transportation Demand Management (TDM) and other mobility strategies may be used. Maintaining transportation concurrency means implementing transportation improvements in proportion to the level of new development as required by Comprehensive Plan Transportation Policy TR-3 and regulations in RZC 21.52, Transportation Standards. Congestion A condition under which the number of vehicles using a facility is great enough to cause reduced speeds and increased travel times. CTR See “Commute Trip Reduction.” Appendix I: Glossary and Acronyms ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix I: Glossary and Acronyms 264 Development The division of a parcel of land into two or more parcels; the construction, reconstruction, conversion, structural alteration, relocation or enlargement of any structure; any mining, excavation, grading, landfill, drainage, removal of vegetation, or disturbance of land or water; and use of land or water or the intensification or extension of the use of land or water. East Link A voter-approved project to expand light rail from Downtown Seattle to East King County with stations serving Mercer Island, Bellevue, and Redmond. Freight The movement of goods from one place to another. GMA See “Growth Management Act.” Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center A defined boundary of dense mixed development with major employers, small businesses, and residential units, within an established urban growth area. Local jurisdictions in Washington State may establish GTECs in order to receive state funding for programs that provide greater access to employment and residential centers while decreasing the proportion of commuters driving alone during peak periods on the state highway system. Growth Management Act Refers to the 1990 State Growth Management Act (ESHB 2929) as amended, requiring urban counties and the cities within them to develop comprehensive plans to deal with growth in Washington State over the next 20 years. The GMA is codified at RCW 36.70A and other chapters. GTEC See “Growth and Transportation Efficiency Center.” High Occupancy Vehicle Generally, a vehicle carrying more than one person, including a carpool, vanpool, or bus. HOV See “High Occupancy Vehicle.” Impact Fee A payment of money required as a condition of development approval to pay for capital improvements needed to serve new growth and development and is: reasonably related to the new development that creates additional demand and need for capital improvements; a proportionate share of the cost of the public improvements; and used for improvements that reasonably benefit the new development. Intelligent Transportation System A broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information and electronics technologies intended to improve transportation safety and mobility. ITS See “Intelligent Transportation System.” Level of Service A measure of a public facility or service’s operational characteristics used to gauge its performance. LID See “Low Impact Development.” Light Rail A form of urban rail public transportation that generally has more flexibility in capacity and design speed than heavy rail and metro systems, and higher capacity and speed than traditional street-running tram or bus systems. Light rail systems usually use electric rail cars operating either above, below, and at grade in the right-of-way, separated from other traffic but sometimes mixed with other traffic in city streets. Local Street A street which provides for localized traffic circulation, access to nearby arterials, and access to neighborhood land uses. LOS See “Level of Service.” Low Impact Development A term used to describe a land planning and engineering design approach to managing stormwater runoff. LID emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features to protect water quality. This approach implements engineered small-scale hydrologic controls to replicate predevelopment conditions through infiltrating, filtering, storing, evaporating, and detaining runoff close to its source. LID is similar to “On-site Stormwater Management,” a term used by the Washington State Department of Ecology. ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix I: Glossary and Acronyms 265 Master Plan A long-term outline of a project or government function. Metropolitan Planning Organization A federally mandated organization of elected officials in urbanized regions with 50,000 or more population that provide a forum for local decision-making on transportation issues of a regional nature. Mixed Use The presence of more than one category of use in a structure; for example, a mixture of residential units and offices in the same building. Mobility The movement of people and goods. The two mobility measures that are used in the transportation concurrency system are mobility units (MU) and person miles of travel (PMT). Mobility Unit A measurement unit that is used to express the level of travel demand on the transportation system generated by a land use(s), or the unit increase in the ability to travel on the transportation system due to the increased supply of transportation improvements, such as those on the City’s six-year plan, Transportation Facility Plan (TFP), or Buildout Transportation Facility Plan (BTFP). Mode A type of transportation, such as pedestrian (walking), bicycle, automobile, or transit (bus). Mode Split The statistical breakdown of travel by alternate modes, usually expressed as a percentage of travel by single occupant automobile, carpool, transit, etc. Mode choice goals are used to help people in the public and private sectors make appropriate land use and transportation decisions. MPO See “Metropolitan Planning Organization.” Multimodal A term referring to accessibility by a variety of travel modes, typically pedestrian, bicycle, transit, and automobile modes, but may also include water and air transport modes. Pavement Condition Index A numerical index between 0 and 100 that indicates the quality of a section of pavement. PCI See “Pavement Condition Index.” Pipeline Development Projects that are permitted and/or funded but not yet complete. Priority Corridor A route along which a particular mode is given design priority. PSRC See “Puget Sound Regional Council.” Puget Sound Regional Council A regional planning and decision-making body for growth and transportation issues in King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish Counties. Under federal transportation law, the Council is the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), responsible for regional transportation planning and programming of federal transportation funds in the four counties. It is also the designated Regional Transportation Planning Organization (RTPO) for the four counties. PSRC manages the adopted regional transportation strategy, Transportation 2040. Roundabout A circular intersection with yield control at entry, which permits a vehicle on the circulatory roadway to proceed, and with deflection of the approaching vehicle counter-clockwise around a central island. R-Trip A commute options program partnership between the City of Redmond, King County, the Greater Redmond Transportation Management Association, and Redmond businesses that offers information, programs, and incentives to assist Redmond’s commuters and residents in choosing alternatives to driving alone. Screenline V/C A measure of traffic demand on a segment of roadway versus that roadway’s maximum theoretical capacity. ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix I: Glossary and Acronyms 266 Shared Street A roadway where all users share the street. The mixing expands the realm of public space that can be used for activities or provide a greater area for walking and bicycling within a smaller right-of-way. All users yield to one another, and vehicle speeds are kept to a minimum through design and regulation. The basis for this concept of the Dutch woonerf, which roughly translates into “residential yard.” Single Occupancy Vehicle A vehicle carrying one person. Sound Transit 2 A $17.8 billion funding package, approved in 2008 by Puget Sound-area voters, that funds a variety of mass transit improvements including the East Link light rail extension. Sound Transit 3 A potential future funding package that would extend the Puget Sound-area mass transit network. SOV See “Single Occupancy Vehicle.” ST2 See “Sound Transit ST3 See “Sound Transit Standard Detail A standardized engineering specification. Stormwater Water that is generated by rainfall and is often routed into drain systems in order to prevent flooding. Strategy An approach or method that, when used for transportation purposes, incorporates the use of transportation facilities, projects, programs, and services to provide mobility for people and goods, and thus maintain the City’s adopted transportation Level-of-Service (LOS) standard. Streetscape The visual character of a street as determined by elements, such as structures, access, greenery, open space, view, etc. Sustainability Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. TDM See “Transportation Demand Management.” TFP See “Transportation Facilities Plan.” TIB See “Transportation Improvement Board.” TIP See “Transportation Improvement Program.” TMP See “Transportation Master Plan.” TOD See “Transit-Oriented Development.” Transit Public transportation; referring in this document to public bus, trolley, and light rail, but not vanpools. Transit-Oriented Development A dense, walkable residential development type that features easy access to mass transit and retail. Transportation Demand Management Public and private programs to manage demand based on transportation supply. TDM measures are frequently directed toward increasing the use of public transportation, carpools and vanpools, and nonmotorized travel modes. Transportation Facilities Plan The long-range plan identifying transportation facilities, programs, projects, and services that are necessary to provide for the mobility of people and goods from new development allowed by the Redmond Comprehensive Plan and the Redmond Zoning Code. The planning horizon of the TFP typically ranges between 12 to 20 years. Transportation Improvement Board An independent state agency that distributes and manages street construction and maintenance grants to 320 cities and urban counties throughout Washington State. Transportation Improvement Program A six-year funded program of transportation improvements. The TIP is updated and adopted annually. Transportation Master Plan A planning document describing the City of Redmond’s approach to delivering its transportation program, projects, and actions in the 18 years following the year of adoption. ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix I: Glossary and Acronyms 267 Urban Center Defined in the Countywide Planning Policies as an area for focusing growth and aligning a high capacity transit system. To be designated an urban center, an area must have a land area between 0.5 and 1.5 square miles and must be able to support a minimum of 15,000 jobs at a minimum density of 50 jobs per gross acre and a minimum residential density of 15 households per acre. Vanpool An organized ridesharing arrangement in which a number of people (typically six to 15 people) travel together between fixed points on a regular basis in a van. Expenses are shared, and there is usually a regular volunteer driver. Vehicle Miles Traveled A measurement of forecasted travel demand; equivalent to one car, bus, or truck traveling one mile. Vision Blueprint See “Capital Investment Strategy.” VMT See “Vehicle Miles Traveled.” Washington State Department of Transportation The state-level agency responsible for building, maintaining, and operating the state highway and ferry systems; and that works with others to maintain and improve local roads, railroads, airports, and multimodal alternatives to driving. Wayfinding Maps, signs, and other methods of signage that assist people in navigation. WSDOT See “Washington State Department of Transportation.”