Document Puyallup_doc_55c3cb87d5

I. Permittee Information Permittee Name Permittee Coverage Number City of Puyallup Contact Name Phone Number Mark A. Palmer Mailing Address 333 S Meridian City State Zip + 4 Puyallup WA 98371 Email Adddress [EMAIL REDACTED] II. Regulated Small MS4 Location Entity Type: Check the box that applies Jurisdiction County City/Town Other City of Puyallup X Major Receiving Water(s) Puyallup River III. Relying on another Governmental Entity Name of Entity: WAR04-5017 (253) 435-3606 If you are relying on another governmental entity to satisfy one or more of the permit obligations, list the entity and briefly describe the permit obligation(s) they are implementing on your behalf below. Attach a copy of your agreement with the other entity to provide additional detail. Permit Obligation(s): ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- VI. Status Report Covering Calendar Yr: 2010 Jurisdiction Name: City of Puyallup PLEASE indicate reporting year and your jurisdiction in Line 1, above. PLEASE refer to the INSTRUCTIONS tab for assistance filling out this table. NOTE: Items that have future compliance dates must still be answered to indicate status. NOTE: For clarification on how to answer questions, place cursor over cells with red flags. NOTE: Highlighted items indicate requirements that are due in 2010. PLEASE review your work for completeness and accuracy. Save this worksheet as you go! Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 1. Attached annual written update of Permittee’s Stormwater Management Program (SWMP), including applicable requirements under S5.A.2 and S9? SWMP draft outline was presented to the Planning Commission at a public meeting March 16, 2011. Public comment was solicited on the city's web site as well. Puyallup 2011 SWMP, 49 pages 2. Attached a copy of any annexations, incorporations or boundary changes resulting in an increase or decrease in the Permittee’s geographic area of permit coverage during the reporting period, and implications for the SWMP as per S9.E.3? NA 3. Implemented an ongoing program for gathering, tracking, maintaining, and using information to evaluate SWMP development, implementation and permit compliance and to set priorities? (S5.A.3) Y 4. Began tracking costs or estimated costs of the development and implementation of the SWMP? (Required no later than January 1, 2009, S5.A.3.a) Y Just under $1.8 million was expended in 2010 towards NPDES compliance 2010 NPDES compliance costs, 1 page Page 5 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 5. SWMP includes an education program aimed at residents, businesses, industries, elected officials, policy makers, planning staff and other employees of the Permittee? (Required to begin by February 15, 2009, S5.C.1) Y 2010 NPDES compliance costs, 1 page 6. Distributed appropriate information to target audiences identified in the area served by the MS4? (Required to begin by February 15, 2009, S5.C.1.a) Y 2010 Public Education and Outreach Summary, 2 pages 7. Tracked the types of public education and outreach activities implemented. (Required to begin by February 15, 2009, S5.C.1.c) Y 2010 Public Education and Outreach Summary, 2 pages 7b. Number of activities implemented: 27 2010 Public Education and Outreach Summary, 2 pages 8. Measured the understanding and adoption of the targeted behaviors among at least one targeted audience in at least one subject area. (Required to begin by February 15, 2009, S5.C.1.b) Y 9. Provided opportunities for the public to participate in the decision making processes involving the development, implementation and updates of the Permittee’s SWMP? (Required by February 15, 2008, S5.C.2.a) Y Update to SWMP was presented to Planning Commission during a public meeting and on website on March 16, 2011. Public comments and input were addressed in the final report. Puyallup 2011 SWMP, 49 pages 10. Developed and implemented a process for public involvement and consideration of public comments on the SWMP? (Required by February 15, 2008, S5.C.2.a) Y Update to SWMP was presented to Planning Commission during a public meeting and on website on March 16, 2011. Public comments and input were addressed in the final report. Puyallup 2011 SWMP, 49 pages Page 6 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 11. Made the most current version of the SWMP available to the public. (S5.C.2.b) Y Puyallup 2011 SWMP, 49 pages 2010 Annual Report, 30 pages Puyallup 2011 SWMP, 49 pages 12b. NOTE website address in Attachment field: y http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/ services/development- services/puyallups- stormwater-management- program/clean-water-npdes/ 13. Initiated or implemented an ongoing program to detect and remove illicit connections and illegal discharges into the Permittee’s MS4? (Required August 19, 2011, S5.C.3) Y Adopted IDDE Program Guidance Manual (Center for Watershed Protection) 2004 EPA Cooperation Agreement X-82907801-0 IDDE Manual 2006 Release, 195 pages 14. Developed and currently maintain a map of your MS4? (Required by February 16, 2011, S5.C.3.a) Y Inventory completed and available on GIS Data and map is regularly updated 14b. Initiated a program to develop and maintain a map of all connections to the MS4 authorized or allowed by the Permittee after the Permit effective date? (S5.C.3.a.ii) Y As built plans from private development and public projects are provided to Stormwater Collections upon project completion for field verification and input into the storm layer of GIS. 15. Map shows the location of all known municipal separate storm sewer outfalls, receiving waters and structural stormwater BMPs owned, operated, or maintained by the Permittee? (Required by February 16, 2011, S5.C.3.a.i) Y Inventory completed and available on GIS Data and map is regularly updated 12. Posted the SWMP and latest annual report on your website. (S5.C.2.b) Y Page 7 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 16. Map shows all storm sewer outfalls with a 24 inch nominal diameter or larger, or an equivalent cross-sectional area for non-pipe systems and includes tributary conveyances, associated drainage areas and land use? (Required by February 16, 2011, S5.C.3.a.i) Y Inventory completed and available on GIS Data and map is regularly updated 17. Map shows geographic areas served by the Permittee’s MS4 that do not discharge stormwater to surface waters? (Required by February 16, 2011, S5.C.3.a.iii) Y Inventory completed and available on GIS Data and map is regularly updated 18. Map has been made available upon request? (S5.C.3.a.iv) Y Map in current status is maintained on web site. Development Services can provide maps of smallers sections of the permit area upon request. http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/ services/development- services/city-maps/ 19. Developed and implemented regulatory actions necessary to effectively prohibit non- stormwater, illicit discharges into the Permittee’s MS4? (Required by August 15, 2009, S5.C.3.b) Y Ordinance #2938 passed August 11, 2009, PMC 21.11 Puyallup Municipal Code 21.11 20. Developed and implemented an ongoing program to detect and address non-stormwater illicit discharges, including spills, and illicit connections into the Permittee’s MS4? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.c) NA Not yet required Page 8 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 21. Developed procedures for locating priority areas likely to have illicit discharges, including at a minimum: evaluating land uses and associated business/industrial activities present; areas where complaints have been registered in the past; and areas with storage of large quantities of materials that could result in illicit discharges, including spills? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.c.i) NA Not yet required 22. Implemented field assessment activities, including visual inspection of priority outfalls identified during dry weather, and for the purposes of verifying outfall locations, identified previously unknown outfalls, and detected illicit discharges? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.c.ii) NA Not yet required 23. Prioritized receiving waters for visual inspection? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.3.c.ii) Y Puyallup River Outfall #14(commercial) and Outfall #24(high density residential) identified in future monitoring plan 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormater Monitoring Plan, 9 pages 24. Conducted field assessments for three high priority water bodies? (Required by February 16, 2011, S5.C.3.c.ii) NA Not yet required 25. Conducted field assessments on at least one high priority water body? (Required annually after February 16, 2011, S5.C.3.c.ii) NA Not yet required Page 9 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 26. Developed and implemented procedures for characterizing the nature of, and potential public or environmental threat posed by, any illicit discharges found by or reported to the Permittee? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.c.iii) Y Developed and implemented Spill Response Plan with decision and phone trees IDDE Spill Response First Responder Decision Tree, 2 pages 27. Developed and implemented procedures for tracing the source of an illicit discharge; including visual inspections, and when necessary, opening manholes, using mobile cameras, collecting and analyzing water samples, and/or other detailed inspection procedures? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.c.iv) NA Not yet required 28. Developed and implemented procedures for removing the source of the discharge, including notification of appropriate authorities; notification of the property owner; technical assistance for eliminating the discharge; follow-up inspections; and escalating enforcement and legal actions if the discharge is not eliminated? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.c.v.) NA Not yet required 29. Informed public employees, businesses, and the general public of hazards associated with illegal discharges and improper disposal of waste? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.d) NA Not yet required 30. Distributed appropriate information to target audiences identified pursuant to S5.C.1? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.d.i) NA Not yet required Page 10 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 31. Publicized a hotline or other local telephone number for public reporting of spills and other illicit discharges? (Required by February 15, 2009, S5.C.3.d.ii) Y Phone number posted on website, 253-770- 3336 http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/ser vices/development- services/puyallups-stormwater- management-program/citizens- guide-to-protecting-waters/report- spill-or-illicit-discharge/ 31b. Number of hotline calls received: 0 21 from other numbers or sources 31c. Number of follow-up actions taken in response to calls: 0 19 responses from other sources 32 Maintained a hotline or other reporting number for public reporting of illicit discharges, including spills? (Required by February 15, 2009, S5.C.3.d.ii) Y Phone number posted on website, 253-770- 3336 http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/ser vices/development- services/puyallups-stormwater- management-program/citizens- guide-to-protecting-waters/report- spill-or-illicit-discharge/ 32b. NOTE hotline number in Comments field (253) 770-3336 http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/ser vices/development- services/puyallups-stormwater- management-program/citizens- guide-to-protecting-waters/report- spill-or-illicit-discharge/ 33 Tracked the number of illicit discharges, including spills, identified? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.e) NA Not yet required 33b. Number of illicit discharges identified: 0 Not yet required 34 Tracked the number of inspections made for illicit connections? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.e) NA Not yet required 34b. Number of inspections: 0 Not yet required 35 Received feedback from IDDE public education efforts? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.e) NA Not yet required Page 11 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 36 Attached report on IDDE public education efforts? (Required by August 19, 2011, S5.C.3.d, S5.C.3.e) NA Not yet required 37 Municipal field staff responsible for identification, investigation, termination, cleanup, and reporting of illicit discharges, improper disposal and illicit connections are trained to conduct these activities? (Required by August 15, 2009, S5.C.3.f.i) Y IDDE First Responder Training was provided on August 11, 2009 to 8 selected staff members by Brown & Caldwell IDDE First Responder Training, 2 pages 37b. Number of trainings provided: 1 IDDE First Responder Training was provided on August 11, 2009 to 8 selected staff members by Brown & Caldwell IDDE First Responder Training, 2 pages 37c. Number of staff trained: 8 IDDE First Responder Training was provided on August 11, 2009 to 8 selected staff members by Brown & Caldwell IDDE First Responder Training, 2 pages 38 Provided follow-up training as needed to address changes in procedures, techniques or requirements? (Required by August 15, 2009, S5.C.3.f.i) Y No additional training identified as of report date. 38b. Number of trainings provided: 0 No additional training identified as of report date. 38c. Number of staff trained: 0 No additional training identified as of report date. Page 12 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 39 Developed and implemented an ongoing training program on the identification of an illicit discharge/connection, and on the proper procedures for reporting and responding to the illicit discharge/ connection for all municipal field staff, which, as part of their normal job responsibilities, might come into contact with or otherwise observe an illicit discharge or illicit connection to the storm sewer system? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.3.f.ii.) Y Initial trainging provided by Brown and Caldwell on January 20th and 27th, 2011. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Awarenes Training, 14 pages 39b. Number of trainings provided: 2 Initial trainging provided by Brown and Caldwell on January 20th and 27th, 2011. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Awarenes Training, 14 pages 39c. Number of staff trained: 78 Initial trainging provided by Brown and Caldwell on January 20th and 27th, 2011. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Awarenes Training, 14 pages 40 Developed, implemented and enforced a program to reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff to a regulated small MS4 from new development, redevelopment and construction site activities? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 41 Applied stormwater runoff program to all sites that disturb a land area 1 acre or greater, including projects less than one acre that are part of a larger common plan of the development or sale? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages Page 13 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 42 Applied stormwater runoff program to private and public development, including roads? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 43 Applied the Technical Thresholds in Appendix 1 to all sites 1 acre or greater, including projects less than one acre that are part of a larger common plan of the development or sale? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 44 Adopted and implemented regulatory mechanism (such as an ordinance) necessary to address run-off from new development, redevelopment and construction site activities? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 45 Retained existing local requirements to apply stormwater controls at smaller sites or at lower thresholds than required pursuant to S5.C.4? (S5.A.4) Y Ordinance adopting 2005 DOE manual requires sites less than 1 acre to continue following the 1990 King County Manual Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 46 The ordinance or other enforceable mechanism includes the minimum requirements, technical thresholds, and definitions in Appendix 1 (or an equivalent approved by Ecology under the NPDES Phase I Municipal Stormwater Permit) for new development, redevelopment, and construction sites? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.i) Y Ordinance 2951 adopting 2005 DOE manual requires sites over 1 acre to apply thresholds. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages Page 14 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 47 The ordinance or other enforceable mechanism includes exceptions and variance criteria equivalent to those in Appendix 1? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.i., and Section 6 of Appendix 1) Y Ordinance 2951 adopted exemptions of Appendix 1 Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 48 Were exceptions or variances to the minimum requirements in Appendix 1 granted? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.i., and Section 6 of Appendix 1) N None 48b. If so, how many were granted? 0 None 49 The ordinance or other enforceable mechanism includes a site planning process and BMP selection and design criteria that, when used to implement the minimum requirements in Appendix 1 (or equivalent approved by Ecology under the Phase I Permit) will protect water quality, reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable and satisfy the State requirement under Chapter 90.48 RCW to apply all known, available and reasonable methods of prevention, control and treatment (AKART) prior to discharge? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.ii) Y Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 49b. Cite documentation to meet this requirement in Attachment field: Ordinance 2951 adopted 2005 Stormwater Manual for Western Washington including site planning process and BMP selection and design criteria. 2005 Stormwater Manual for Western Washington Page 15 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 50 The ordinance or other enforceable mechanism provides the legal authority, through the approval process for new development, to inspect private stormwater facilities that discharge to the Permittee’s MS4? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.iii) Y Article VI Enforcement and System Protection of Stormwater Managaement Chapter 21.10 contains enforcement provisions. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 51 The ordinance or other enforceable mechanism allows non-structural preventive actions and source reduction approaches such as Low Impact Development (LID) Techniques to minimize the creation of impervious surfaces and minimize the disturbance of native soils and vegetation? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.iv) Y Section 21.10.210 Low Impact Development section of Stormwater Management Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages Page 16 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 52 If the ordinance or regulatory mechanism allows construction sites to apply the Erosivity Waiver in Appendix 1, Minimum Requirement does it include appropriate, escalating enforcement sanctions for construction sites that provide notice to the Permittee of their intention to apply the waiver but do not meet the requirements (including timeframe restrictions, limits on activities that result in non-stormwater discharges, and implementation of appropriate BMPs to prevent violations of water quality standards) to qualify for the waiver? (If waiver is allowed, the qualification is required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.a.v) Y Adjustments, exceptions and variances may be granted pursuant to the criteria set forth in the 2005 Stormwater Manual. The developer shall, pursuant to Section 1.6.3 of the 2005 Stormwater Manual, demonstrate that adjustment, exception or variance will not adversely impact water quality and satisfies state and federal water quality laws and the criteria identified in Chapter 2.2 of Volume I of the 2005 Stormwater Manual, and Section 1 of Appendix 1 of the Phase II Permit. Puyallup Municipal Code 21.10 53 Developed and implemented a permitting process to address runoff from new development, redevelopment and construction site activities with plan review, inspection, and enforcement capability? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 54 Applied permitting process to all sites that disturb a land area 1 acre or greater, including projects less than one acre that are part of a larger common plan of the development or sale? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages Page 17 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 55 Reviewed Stormwater Site Plans for new development and redevelopment projects? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.i) Y 55b. Number of site plans reviewed during the reporting period: 0 291 site plans under 1990 King County Stormwater Manual were reviewed, none under the 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual 56 Inspected, prior to clearing and construction, all known development sites that have a high potential for sediment transport as determined through plan review based on definitions and requirements in Appendix 7 Determining Construction Site Sediment Potential? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.ii) Y 56b. Number of qualifying sites inspected prior to clearing and construction during the reporting period: 0 42 sites inspected under 1990 King County Stormwater Manaul rules, none under 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual 57 Inspected construction-phase stormwater controls at all known permitted development sites during construction to verify proper installation and maintenance of required erosion and sediment controls? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.iii) Y 57b. Number of sites inspected during the construction phase for the reporting period: 0 42 sites inspected under 1990 King County Stormwater Manaul rules, none under 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual 58 Enforced as necessary based on the inspection at new development and redevelopment projects? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.iii) Y Page 18 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 58b. Number of enforcement actions taken during the reporting period: 0 59 Inspected qualifying permitted development sites upon completion of construction and prior to final approval or occupancy to ensure proper installation of permanent stormwater controls such as stormwater facilities and structural BMPs? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.iv and v) Y 59b. Number of qualifying sites known during the reporting period: 0 31 sites inspected under 1990 King County Stormwater Manaul rules, none under 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual 59c. Number of qualifying sites inspected during the reporting period: 0 31 sites inspected under 1990 King County Stormwater Manaul rules, none under 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual 60 Verified a maintenance plan is completed and responsibility for maintenance is assigned for qualifying projects? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.iv) NA No sites qualified in 2010 61 Enforced regulations as necessary based on the inspection? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.iv) Y 61b. Number of enforcement actions taken during the reporting period: 0 62 Developed and implemented an enforcement strategy to respond to issues of non- compliance with the regulations for qualifying projects? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.b.vi) Y Page 19 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 63 Did the Permittee choose to allow construction sites to apply the Erosivity Waiver in Appendix 1, Minimum Requirement (S5.C.4.b.vii) N 63b. If yes, how many waivers were allowed ? 0 64 Developed and implemented a long-term operation and maintenance (O&M) program for post-construction stormwater facilities and BMPs? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c) Y Private systems- The city requires the developer to execute an inspection and maintenance agreement that is binding on all subsequent owners of land served by the private stormwater facility. Public systems- maintenance requirements and inventory are added to CMMS system 65 Adopted an ordinance or other regulatory mechanism that clearly identifies the party responsible for maintenance, requires inspection of facilities and establishes enforcement procedures? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.i) Y In February 2010 the City adopted new regulations incorporating the DOE Manual for sites greater than one acre. Existing regulations in place prior to February 2010 remain for sites less than one acre. Ordinance 2951 - Chapter 21.10 Stormwater Management, 16 pages 66 Inspected post-construction stormwater controls, including structural BMPs, at new development and redevelopment projects? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c) NA No new projects were triggering the 2005 DOE Manual requirements were completed during this reporting period. 66b. Number of sites inspected during the reporting period: 0 No new projects were triggering the 2005 DOE Manual requirements were completed during this reporting period. 66c. Number of structural BMPs inspected during the reporting period: 0 No new projects were triggering the 2005 DOE Manual requirements were completed during this reporting period. 66d. Number of enforcement actions taken during the reporting period: 0 No new projects were triggering the 2005 DOE Manual requirements were completed during this reporting period. Page 20 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 67 Established maintenance standards that are as protective, or more protective, of facility function as those specified in Chapter 4 of Volume V of the 2005 Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.ii) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS 68 Performed timely maintenance as per S5.C.4.c.ii? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.ii) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS 68b. Attached documentation of any maintenance delays. (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.ii) NA 69 Established program to annually inspect all stormwater treatment and flow control facilities (other than catch basins) permitted by the Permittee according to S5.C.4.b. unless there are maintenance records to justify a different frequency? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.iii) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS 70 If using reduced inspection frequency, Attached documentation as per S5.C.4.c.iii? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.iii) NA Page 21 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 71 Inspected all new stormwater treatment and flow control facilities owned or operated, including catch basins, for new residential developments that are a part of a larger common plan of development or sale, every 6 months during the period of heaviest house construction 1 to 2 years following subdivision approval) to identify maintenance needs and enforce compliance with maintenance standards as needed? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.iv) NA No projects fitting this description were started or completed during this reporting period. 71b. Number of facilities inspected during the reporting period: 0 No projects fitting this description were started or completed during this reporting period. 72 Implemented a procedure for keeping records of inspections and enforcement actions by staff, including inspection reports, warning letters, notices of violations, other enforcement records, maintenance inspections and maintenance activities? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.d) y Ad Hoc program currently in place, will be transitioning to Cartegraph as it is implemented in the field. 73 Provided copies of the Notice of Intent for Construction Activity and Notice of Intent for Industrial Activity to representatives of proposed new development and redevelopment? (S5.C.4.e) Y Applicants are advised that a Construction Stormwater General Permit shall be obtained from the DOE if any land disturbing activities will disturb one or more acres of land, or are part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb one or more acres of land. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs /wq/stormwater/construction/ Page 22 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 74 All staff responsible for implementing the program to control stormwater runoff from new development, redevelopment, and construction sites, including permitting, plan review, construction site inspections, and enforcement were trained to conduct these activities? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.f) Y CESCL training has been provided for all field and inspection staff. CESCL Training Roster, 5 pages 74b. Number of trainings provided: 0 Training was in 2009 74c. Number of staff trained: 8 Staff trained in 2009 75 Developed and implemented an operations and maintenance (O&M) program that includes a training component and has the ultimate goal of preventing or reducing pollutant runoff from municipal operations? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS Operation and Maintenance BMPs Checklist, 72 pages 76 Adopted maintenance standards as protective, or more protective, of facility function as those specified in Chapter 4 of Volume V of the 2005 Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington ? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.a) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS Operation and Maintenance BMPs Checklist, 72 pages 77 Performed timely maintenance as per S5.C.5.a.ii? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.a.ii) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS Operation and Maintenance BMPs Checklist, 72 pages 77b. Attached documentation of any maintenance delays. (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.a.ii) NA Page 23 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 78 Designed a program to annually inspect and maintained all stormwater treatment and flow control facilities (other than catch basins)? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.4.c.iii) Y Adopted OM BMPs from 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual. Schedule and tracking with CMMS 78b. Number of known facilities: 84 Faclility List, 3 pages 78c. Number of facilities inspected during the reporting period: 84 Faclility List, 3 pages 79 If using reduced inspection frequency, Attached documentation as per S5.C.5.a.ii? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.b) NA 80 Conducted spot checks of stormwater facilities after major storms? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.c) Y 80b. Number of known facilities: 84 Faclility List, 3 pages 80c. Number of facilities inspected during the reporting period: 0 No events defined at major storm, i.e. 24-hour, 10 year recurrance, which is approximately 3" in 24 hours 81 Inspected municipally owned or operated catch basins at least once before the end of the Permit term? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.d) Y 81b. Number of known catch basins: 6033 81c. Number of inspections: 7630 81d. Number of catch basins cleaned: 1426 Page 24 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 82 Established and implemented practices to reduce stormwater impacts associated with runoff from streets, parking lots, roads or highways owned or maintained by the Permittee, and road maintenance activities conducted by the Permittee? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.f) Y Adopted the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines and trained staff. Schedule and tracking with CMMS RRM Guidelines Manual, 367 pages 83 Established and implemented policies and procedures to reduce pollutants in discharges from all lands owned or maintained by the Permittee and subject to this Permit, including but not limited to: parks, open space, road right- of-way, maintenance yards, and stormwater treatment and flow control facilities? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.g) Y Adopted the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines and trained staff. Developed for city facilties. Schedule and tracking with CMMS RRM Guidelines Manual, 367 pages 84 Implemented an operations and maintenance (O&M) program that includes a training component and has the ultimate goal of preventing or reducing pollutant runoff from municipal operations? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.h.) Y Adopted the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines and trained staff. Developed for city facilties. Schedule and tracking with CMMS RRM Guidelines Manual, 367 pages 84b. Number of trainings provided: 1 Training, Stormwater BMP's, 1 page 84c. Number of staff trained: 9 Training, Stormwater BMP's, 1 page Page 25 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 85 Implemented a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for all heavy equipment maintenance or storage yards, and material storage facilities owned or operated by the Permittee in areas subject to this Permit that are not required to have coverage under the Industrial Stormwater General Permit? (Required by February 16, 2010, S5.C.5.i) Y for Corporate Yards will be updated in 2011 after completion of wash bay project. 86 Is there an approved Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) applicable to stormwater discharges from a MS4s owned or operated by the Permittee? N TMDL's for Clarks Creek and Puyallup River were established after effective date of permit 87 Complied with the specific requirements identified in Appendix 2? (S7.A) NA 88 Attached status report of TMDL implementation? (S7.A) NA 89 Where monitoring was required in Appendix 2, did you conduct the monitoring according to an approved Quality Assurance Project Plan? (S7.A) NA 90 Took appropriate action to correct or minimize discharges into or from the MS4 which may constitute a threat to human health, welfare, or the environment? (G3) Y 90b. Attached a summary of the status of implementation of any actions taken pursuant to S4.F and the status of any montioring, assessment, or evaluation efforts conducted during the reporting period? (S4.F.3.d) NA Page 26 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Question Y/N/ NA # Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment & Page if applicable 91 Notified Ecology of the failure to comply with the permit terms and conditions within 30 days of becoming aware of the non-compliance? (G20) NA 92 Notified Ecology immediately in cases where the Permittee becomes aware of a discharge from the Permittees MS4 which may cause or contribute to an imminent threat to human health or the environment? (G3) NA No qualifying events during reporting period 93 Attached a summary of identified barriers to the use of low impact development (LID) and measures to address the barriers (Required to be submitted by March 31, 2011, S9.E.4.a) Y 94 Attached a report describing LID practices currently available and that can be reasonably implemented, potential or planned non- structural actions and LID techniques to prevent stormwater impacts, goals and metrics to identify, promote, measure LID; and schedules to require and implement non- structureal and LID techniques on a broader scale (Required to be submitted by March 31, 2011, S9.E.4.b) Y Page 27 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- VII. Information Collection, BMP Evaluation, and Monitoring Complete Part A for all annual reports. A. Information Collection Briefly describe any stormwater monitoring, studies, or type of information collected and analyzed during the reporting period. (S8.B.1) Who/how to contact for additional information? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. NOTE: Please note in Row 1 of the table if you have no information to report. NOTE: Please limit your entries to 255 characters per cell. You may include additional information in your Supplemental Documentation attachment and reference it below with the page number. Page 28 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- VII. Information Collection, BMP Evaluation, and Monitoring Complete Part B for all annual reports. B. SWMP Evaluation (S8.B & S9) Question Y/N/NA Comments (50 word limit) 1. Are the BMPs selected and implemented for Public Outreach appropriate to minimize pollutants in the MS4 to the MEP? Y Puyallup's rain garden program has been widely publisized and recognized, giving it a broader reach among the citizens of Puyallup and the greater Puget Sound region. 2. Are the BMPs selected and implemented for Public Involvement appropriate to minimize pollutants in the MS4 to the MEP? Y Puyallup's rain garden program has extensively utilized citizen volunteers, as had habitat restoration projects along streams in the Clarks Creek basin. SWMP is presented annually at public Planning Commission meetings. 3. Are the BMPs selected and implemented for Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination appropriate to minimize pollutants in the MS4 to the MEP? Y The city adopted the 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual BMP's selected are equivalent or more restrictive. 4. Are the BMPs selected and implemented for Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention appropriate to minimize pollutants in the MS4 to the MEP? Y 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual for Western Washington has been implemented for post construction management BMP's. 5. Are the BMPs selected and implemented for Post- Construction Runoff Management appropriate to minimize pollutants in the MS4 to the MEP? Y 2005 DOE Stormwater Manual for Western Washington has been implemented for post construction management BMP's. 6. Are the BMPs selected and implemented for Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations appropriate to minimize pollutants in the MS4 to the MEP? Y The city adopted the 2005 WSDOE Stormwater Manual BMP's selected are equivalent or more restrictive. Additionally, are in place for city facilties You are required to assess the appropriateness of the BMPs you have selected to implement your SWMP. This evaluation is necessary to evaluate whether the MEP standard set by the permit is protective of water quality in your receiving water bodies. This assessment may be entirely qualitative. Answer NA if you are not yet implementing BMPs for a component of the SWMP. (S8.B.2 and S9) Page 29 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- VII. Information Collection, BMP Evaluation, and Monitoring Complete Part C for all annual reports. C. Changes in BMPs or objectives (S8.B) Old BMP Old Objective New BMP New Objective Justification for Change 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 If any of the BMPs or objectives is being changed, list the old BMP and objective, the new BMP and objective, and a justification for the change below. (S8.B.2., and S9) NOTE: You may choose to attach additional documentation justifying Changes in BMPs or objectives. Note such attachments in the Justification for change field. Page 30 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- VII. Information Collection, BMP Evaluation, and Monitoring D. Preparation for future, long-term monitoring Complete section D for the fourth annual report only. Question Y/N/NA Comments (50 word limit) Name of Attachment? Page Number? 1. Identified outfalls or conveyances for long-term stormwater monitoring? (S8.C.2.a) Y Puyallup has identified Puyallup River Outfall #14 (commercial land use) and Clarks Creek Outfall #24 (high density residential) for long term monitoring 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormater Monitoring Plan, 9 pages 1b. Attach site maps and descriptions. (S8.C.2.a) y 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormater Monitoring Plan, 9 pages 2. Identified at least two questions for SWMP effectiveness monitoring and developed monitoring plans? (S8.C.2.b) Y Question 1- Will retrofitting alleys with porous pavement substantially reduce runoff? Question 2- Will installation of rain gardens in road rights-of- way substantially reduce runoff? Effectiveness Monitoring Plan, 5 pages 2b. Attach the proposed questions and monitoring plans for SWMP effectiveness monitoring. (S8.C.2.a.ii) y Effectiveness Monitoring Plan, 5 pages 3. Monitoring plan developed for each question? (S8.C.1.b.iii) Y Effectiveness Monitoring Plan, 5 pages 3b. Attach a copy of the monitoring plan. y Effectiveness Monitoring Plan, 5 pages 4. Identified sites in preparation for future, long-term monitoring? (S8.C.1.a., and S8.C.2.b) y 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormater Monitoring Plan, 9 pages 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormater Monitoring Plan, 9 pages Effectiveness Monitoring Plan, 5 pages 4b. Attach a summary of the status of site identification for long-term stormwater monitoring; proposed questions for SWMP effectiveness monitoring; and status of developing the SWMP effectiveness monitoring plans. y Page 31 of 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (SWMP) Prepared for City of Puyallup, WA March 31, 2011 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview and Background 1.2 Phased Permit Requirements 1.3 Department Responsibilities 1.4 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Compliance Issues 1.5 Document Organization 2 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Permit Requirements 2.2 Current Activities 2.3 Planned Activities 3 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH 3.1 Permit Requirements 3.2 Current Activities 3.3 Planned Activities 4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 4.1 Permit Requirements 4.2 Current Activities 4.3 Planned Activities 5 ILLICIT DISCHARGE DETECTION AND ELIMINATION 5.1 Permit Requirements 5.2 Current Activities 5.3 Planned Activities 6 6-1 CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM NEW DEVELOPMENT, REDEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION SITES 6.1 Permit Requirements 6.2 Current Activities 6.3 Planned Activities 7 POLLUTION PREVENTION AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS 7.1 Permit Requirements 7.2 Current Activities 7.3 Planned Actions 8 MONITORING 8.1 Permit Requirements 8.2 Current Activities 8.3 Planned Activities APPENDIX A A-1 Acronyms and A-1 ii ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP iii APPENDIX B B-1 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormwater Monitoring B-1 1.1 Current Permit Monitoring Requirements B-3 1.2 Future Phase II Permit Monitoring B-3 2.1 Land Use B-5 2.2 Sampling Sites B-5 B-10 APPENDIX C 2011 Effectiveness Monitoring 1.1 Current Permit Monitoring Requirements 1.2 Future Permit Monitoring Question 1- Will retrofitting alleys with porous pavement substantially reduce Question 2- Will installation of rain gardens in road rights-of-way substantially reduce runoff? ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. 2011 Stormwater Management Administration Program Work Table 3-1. 2011 Public Education and Outreach Work Plan Table 4-1. 2011 Public Involvement Work Table 5-1. 2011 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Work Table 6-1. 2011 Controlling Runoff from Development, Redevelopment, and Construction Sites Work Plan.......6-2 Table 7-1. 2011 Pollution Prevention and Operations and Maintenance Work Table 8-1. 2011 Water Quality Monitoring Work Plan iv ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview and Background The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program is a requirement of the federal Clean Water Act, which is intended to protect and restore waters for “fishable, swimmable” uses. The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has delegated permit authority to state environmental agencies. In Washington, the NPDES-delegated permit authority is the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). Municipalities with a population of over 100,000 (as of the 1990 census) have been designated as Phase I communities and must comply with Ecology’s Phase I NPDES Municipal Stormwater Permit. With Puyallup’s 1990 census falling below the 100,000 threshold, the City must comply with the Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit. About 100 other municipalities in Washington must now comply with the Phase II Permit, along with Puyallup, as operators of small municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s). The Permit allows municipalities to discharge stormwater runoff from municipal drainage systems into the State’s waterbodies streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands) as long as municipalities implement programs to protect water quality by reducing the discharge of “non-point source” pollutants to the “maximum extent practicable” (MEP) through application of Permit-specified “best management practices” (BMPs). The practices specified in the Permit are collectively referred to as the Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) and grouped under the following components:  Public Education and Outreach  Public Involvement  Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination  Controlling Runoff from Development, Redevelopment, and Construction Sites  Pollution Prevention and Municipal Operation and Maintenance  Monitoring The Permit requires the City to report annually (March 31st of each year) on progress in SWMP Program implementation for the prior year. The Permit also requires submittal of documentation that describes proposed SWMP Program activities for the coming year. Implementation of various Permit conditions is phased throughout the five-year Permit term from February 16, 2007 through February 15, 2012. The Permit will be revised and reissued at the end of this period. This report is the City’s Draft Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) document. The remainder of this 2011 SWMP document describes actions Puyallup will take to maintain compliance over the fifth year of the Permit term February 16, 2011 through February 16, 2012). 1-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1: Introduction City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 1-2 1.2 Phased Permit Requirements Ecology began work on the Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit for Western Washington in the fall of 2004 and posted a preliminary draft for public comment on May 16, 2005. Ecology released a formal draft of the Permit in February 2006 and issued the final Permit on January 17, 2007. The permit was modified on June 17, 2009 to implement the outcomes of appeals. The Permit issued by Ecology became effective on February 16, 2007 and expires on February 15, 2012. Ecology is phasing in many of the Permit requirements over the five-year Permit term. On March 31 of each year, beginning in 2008, the City must: 1. Submit its SWMP document to Ecology describing compliance activities planned for the coming year. 2. Submit an annual report documenting Permit compliance activities for the previous calendar year. 3. Post the SWMP document and annual report on the web. This SWMP document includes the following attachments:  Appendix A - Acronyms and Definitions from the Permit.  Appendix B - 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormwater Monitoring Plan  Appendix C - 2011 Effectiveness Monitoring Plan The Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit and additional information can be found on Ecology’s website: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/Programs/wq/stormwater/municipal/phaseIIww/wwphiipermit.html. 1.3 Department Responsibilities The Permit requirements affect departments across the City organization. One difficulty in assigning lead departments to address Permit sections is that those sections do not divide cleanly along department divisional lines. To encourage collaboration and efficient use of resources the City plans to charter implementation teams for each Permit component. These teams would consist of members from affected departments. Those departments include City Management (CM), Development Services Engineering, Information Technology (IT), Finance, Buildings, Public Works (PW), Legal, and Human Resources (HR). While the teams for each task may be cross-departmental, the lead department has been identified in the task tables for each Permit component in the following sections. 1.4 Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Compliance Issues Stormwater discharges covered under the Permit are required to implement actions necessary to achieve the pollutant reductions called for in applicable Applicable are which have been approved by the EPA before the issuance date of the permit or which have been approved by the EPA prior to the date the permittee’s application is received by Ecology. Information on Ecology’s TMDL program is available on Ecology’s website at www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/tmdl. All approved by EPA before February 15, 2006, were reviewed by Ecology to determine whether stormwater including municipal stormwater sources were identified in the TMDL. When most of these were developed, municipal stormwater was considered a subset of non-point discharges, rather than a permitted discharge. As a result, very few statewide contain requirements for municipal stormwater sources. Few completed to date have established load allocations or waste load allocations for ---PAGE BREAK--- 1: Introduction City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 1-3 municipal stormwater discharges covered under the Permit. Ecology is interpreting TMDL requirements as follows:  For where stormwater was not identified as a source of the pollutants of concern, or if all of the sources were defined in the TMDL, Ecology considers the MS4 not to be a significant contributor of pollutants.  Where stormwater was identified as a source of pollutants and the TMDL or implementation plans developed to support the TMDL identified control measures were less than or equivalent to the requirements of this permit, Ecology sets a narrative effluent limit: “compliance with the permit compliance constitutes compliance with the TMDL.”  If stormwater was identified as a source of pollutants and specific WLAs, LAs or control measures were established, Ecology must develop effluent limits in addition to the other requirements of the permit. These effluent limits may be narrative or numeric depending on the control measures set by the TMDL or implementation plans. Where a TMDL or the detailed implementation plan developed for the TMDL identifies actions or activities beyond what is required by this permit, Ecology has identified the additional requirements in Appendix 2 of the permit for all approved by EPA prior to February 15, 2006. Appendix 2 of the permit lists the cities and counties affected by the TMDL. The City of Puyallup has not been listed in Appendix 2. 1.5 Document Organization The content in this document is based upon Permit requirements and Ecology’s Draft Guidance for City and County Annual Reports for Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permits. The remainder of the Stormwater Management Program document is organized similarly to the Permit:  Section 2.0 addresses Permit requirements for administration of the City’s Stormwater Management Program for 2011.  Section 3.0 addresses Permit requirements for Public Education and Outreach for 2011.  Section 4.0 addresses Permit requirements for Public Involvement and Participation for 2011.  Section 5.0 addresses Permit requirements for Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination for 2011.  Section 6.0 addresses Permit requirements for Controlling Runoff from New Development, Redevelopment and Construction Sites for 2011.  Section 7.0 addresses Permit requirements for Pollution Prevention and Operation and Maintenance for Municipal Operations for 2011.  Section 8.0 addresses Permit requirements for the Water Quality Monitoring section of the Permit for 2011. Each section includes a summary of the relevant Permit requirements and a description of current and planned compliance activities. ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 2 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION This Section describes Permit requirements related to overall Stormwater Management Program administration, including current and planned compliance activities. 2.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S5.A) requires the City to:  Develop and implement a Stormwater Management Program and prepare written documentation (SWMP document) for submittal to Ecology on March 31, 2008; and update the SWMP annually thereafter. The purpose of the Stormwater Management Program is to reduce the discharge of pollutants from the municipal stormwater system to the maximum extent practicable (MEP) thereby protecting water quality. The Stormwater Management Program is to include the actions and activities described in Sections 3 through 8 of this SWMP document.  Submit annual reports beginning in 2008 to Ecology by March 31st (for the previous calendar year). These reports are to summarize SWMP implementation status and present information from assessment and evaluation activities conducted during the reporting period. 2.2 Current Activities The City currently has in place activities and programs that meet the Permit requirements. Current activities associated with the above Permit requirements include:  The City is on track to comply with Ecology’s requirements for submittal of the SWMP documentation by March 31, 2011. The Public Works Department, with the assistance of an internal Steering Committee, is currently leading City development of the future planned activities.  The City has set up the systems for tracking training (HR).  The City has defined its strategy for cost tracking (Finance).  The City is on track to comply with Ecology’s requirements for submittal of the fourth Annual Report and SWMP by March 31, 2011. 2.3 Planned Activities Puyallup has positioned itself well to maintain compliance as Ecology phases in the future Permit deadlines. Table 2-1 presents the proposed work plan for the 2011 SWMP administration activities. These tasks will continue to be refined through an iterative process of interviews and workshops with staff from affected City departments. 2-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2. Stormwater Management Program Administration City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 3-2 Table 2-1. 2011 Stormwater Management Administration Program Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes SWMP-1 Refine and implement NPDES cost accounting strategy for time spent on each component of Permit. Finance Ongoing process. SWMP-2 Refine and implement training tracking procedures and systems. HR Ongoing process SWMP-3 Provide new employee IDDE training. HR Use PowerPoint training provided by consultant for initial training for all field personnel at time of orientation. SWMP-4 Summarize annual activities for "Stormwater Management Program" component of Annual Report; identify any updates to SWMP document. Public Works- Stormwater The SWMP and Annual Compliance Report are due on or before March 31st of each year. CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 3 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH This Section describes the Permit requirements related to Public Education and Outreach, including current and planned compliance activities. 3.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S5.C.1) requires the City to:  Prioritize and target education and outreach activities to specified audiences, including general public, businesses, residents/homeowners, landscapers, property managers, engineers, contractors, developers, review staff and land use planners and other City employees to reduce or eliminate behaviors and practices that cause or contribute to adverse stormwater impacts.  Have an outreach program that is designed to achieve measurable improvements in the target audience’s understanding of the problem and what they can do to solve it.  Track and maintain records of public education and outreach activities. 3.2 Current Activities The City’s Education and Outreach Program was developed in 2008 and is detailed in the ‘2009 City of Puyallup Stormwater Education and Outreach Plan.’ That plan outlined the outreach activities for each year of the permit cycle. Several of the activities undertaken in 2010 are outlined below: ---PAGE BREAK--- 3: Public Education and Outreach City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP  Revitalized the City ‘Stormwater Management’ webpage. This included: uploading new information and documents, adding public service announcements, important updates about stormwater education and outreach events, and the number for the City’s Illicit Discharge Hotline.  Hosted the Washington Stormwater Center pages on the City’s Stormwater Management section as part of Ecology’s GROSS Grants for the Stormwater Center and TAPE protocol. The Washington Stormwater Center’s mission is to assist NPDES permittees, promote LID and advance stormwater technology.  The City has dedicated one entire page in every issue of Puyallup Today, our quarterly newsletter, to stormwater education and outreach issues.  The City helped produce a segment of “Rainier Country” broadcast on Channel 22 which highlighted rain gardens.  In cooperation with Stewardship Partners, Pierce Conservation District Stream Team, Pierce County-City of Tacoma Health Department and WSU Extension presented a rain garden and three natural lawn care classes that were attended by over 100 residents.  With the same team members and volunteers, installed 13 rain gardens in the front yards of homeowners on 5th St SE and 18th ST SW. Ciscoe Morris broadcast his radio program “Gardening with Ciscoe” from the site during the 18th St SW installation. A porous paver driveway was installed as part of the 18th SW installation, and riparian plants in two homeowners Clarks Creek frontage and along Meeker Creek were also completed. Both events had demonstration fish friendly car washes. The 5th St SE event included a storm drain marking option for volunteers. Over 105 volunteers participated in the events. 3-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3: Public Education and Outreach City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP Figure 1-Ciscoe Morris broadcasting live from the 18th St SW Rain Garden Site with City of Puyallup Employee Tim Parham  The City held a series of natural yard care workshops in the fall of 2010 that educated homeowners about yard care techniques that are protective of water quality.  Car wash kits were successfully used at three separate events in 2010.  Purchased car wash vouchers from Puget Sound Car Wash Association and distributed them to participants at various stormwater education and outreach events.  Through a Green Partnership Grant, Silver-Meeker Creek Riparian Habitat Restoration project planted 543 native trees and shrubs, restored 4,000 linear feet of riparian habitat, created a new 1,200 foot long soft surface pedestrian trail with benches and interpretive signs. The work was accomplished primarily through volunteers at 7 community events involving over 150 volunteers. In addition, City maintenance staff was involved and learned first hand about the project. 3-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure 2-Resident Demonstrating Car Wash Kit at 5th St SE Rain Garden Event 3-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure 3-Meeker & Silver Creek Habitat Restoration Project Board 3.3 Planned Activities The City plans on developing and building its Education and Outreach program in 2011. Puyallup may be able to take advantage of regional efforts intended to meet NPDES permit requirements, thereby reducing City efforts and costs. The City has adopted and incorporated the Puget Sound Starts Here logo on it’s catch basin markers, and we attempt to incorporate that branding wherever possible to leverage the regional education effort produced by the Puget Sound Starts Here campaign. The City of Puyallup has also worked closely with other jurisdictions when opportunities have presented themselves. The City’s active participation in the Sound Puget Sound NPDES Coordinators Group has helped identify some of those opportunities. Table 3-1 is the work plan for 2011 SWMP public education and outreach activities. These tasks will be refined through an iterative process of interviews and workshops with staff from affected City departments. Table 3-1. 2011 Public Education and Outreach Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes EDUC-1 Implementation of education and outreach plan. City Management, Planning Note specific projects for 2011 below 3-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3: Public Education and Outreach City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP Table 3-1. 2011 Public Education and Outreach Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes EDUC-2 Develop strategy and process to evaluate understanding and adoption of target behaviors. City Management, Planning Consider implementing Survey Monkey on website to gage EDUC-3 Summarize annual activities for "Public Education and Outreach" component of Annual Report; identify any updates to SWMP document. City Management, Planning, Stormwater Engineer The SWMP and Annual Report submittal is due on or before March 31st of each year. EDUC-4 Conduct Rain Garden Workshop, and 3 Rain Garden Neighborhood installations (with radio broadcast at 1) Planning, Stormwater Engineer, Stream Team Workshop: May 12 Installations: May 21 July 23 September 10 EDUC-5 Volunteer Installations of storm drain markers in high profile areas of City, e.g. near City facilities, parks and schools. Goal of 1,500 markers per season. (will be approximately ½ of total catch basins marked after this year) Stormwater Engineer, Stream Team Installations May-September EDUC-6 Stormwater related articles in quarterly Puyallup Today City Management, Stormwater Engineer, Planning EDUC-7 Stormwater related stories in Rainier Country broadcasts. City Management, Stormwater Engineer, Planning EDUC-8 Riparian restoration and relocation of maintenance road in Clarks Creek Park partially with volunteer labor. Interpretive signs for riparian restoration planting and porous gravel maintenance road. Multiple grant funding sources Stormwater Engineer, Planning, Stream Team April -October EDUC-9 Riparian maintenance and restoration of Silver and Meeker Creeks with volunteer labor. Interpretive signs on trails part of project. Goat weed control demonstration project Stormwater Engineer March-October EDUC-10 Outreach to Puyallup School District for car wash kits and catch basin markers in conjunction with Pierce County effort. Stormwater Engineer Spring 2011 EDUC-11 Natural yard care workshops for home owners. Development Services, Stormwater Engineer September-October EDUC-13 Develop online survey to track and monitor progress of various efforts. City Management, Development Services, Stormwater Engineer Spring 2011 EDUC-14 Streamside landscaping demonstration plantings at volunteer sites. With volunteers providing labor. Mass mailing, follow up with Site visits, and plantings. Development Services, Stormwater Engineer Incorporate into Clarks Creek project (EDUC-8) as one site 3-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3: Public Education and Outreach City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 3-3 Table 3-1. 2011 Public Education and Outreach Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes EDUC-15 Educational brochures and information on mandatory maintenance and reporting procedures for private storm system owners. Development Services, Stormwater Engineer Fall 2011 EDUC-16 Provide private storm system owner maintenance and reporting training sessions Planning, Stormwater Engineer Fall 2011 EDUC-17 Develop and Implement IDDE public employee, business and general public outreach program, solicit feedback, and produce report Planning, Collections, Stormwater Engineer August 19th or earlier EDUC-18 Utilize various media to promote the stormwater message and program City Management, Planning, Stormwater Engineer Ongoing EDUC-19 Include at least one stormwater program update per year to Planning Commission and City Council Stormwater Engineer Ongoing EDUC-20 Involve City staff in stormwater promotional events Stormwater Engineer Puget Sound Starts Here Night at Tacoma Rainiers April 21 EDUC-21 Track types of public education and outreach activities implemented, # of activites implemented Planning Ongoing ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 4 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT This Section describes the Permit requirements related to Public Involvement, including current and planned compliance activities. 4.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S5.C.2) requires the City to:  Provide ongoing opportunities for public involvement through advisory boards and commissions, watershed committees, public participation in developing rate structures and budgets, stewardship programs, environmental activities or other similar activities. The public must be able to participate in the decision-making processes involving the development, implementation and update of the Stormwater Management Program.  Make the SWMP document and Annual Report available to the public, including posting on the City’s website. Make other documents required to be submitted to Ecology in response to Permit conditions available to the public. 4.2 Current Activities The current compliance activities associated with the above Permit requirements include:  The City implemented public involvement activities intended to meet the Permit requirements for public involvement in development of its update to the SWMP. This process involved presentation to the Planning Commission at a session open to the public. The draft SWMP was made available on the City’s website for comment as well.  The City defined its process for annual SWMP updates, which includes discussions at Planning Commission sessions open to the public and publication on the website soliciting public input.  The City posted the Draft 2011 SWMP document and the 2010 Annual Report on the City website. 4.3 Planned Activities Puyallup will offer the public opportunities to be involved in the decision making process on stormwater issues. Actions recommended for continued compliance include:  Make most current SWMP document and Annual Report available to public by posting on the City website.  The City summarizes associated activities in its Annual Report by March 31st, of each year  The City will be completing a Stormwater Comprehensive Plan update in 2011 which will be available to the public via workshops and public hearings. Table 4-1 is the work plan for 2011 SWMP public involvement activities. These tasks will be refined through an iterative process of interviews and workshops with staff from affected City departments. 4-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4: Public Involvement City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 4-2 Table 4-1. 2011 Public Involvement Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes PI-1 Provide public involvement opportunities for annual SWMP update. Stormwater Engineer PI-2 Make SWMP document and Annual Report available to public by posting on the City website. Stormwater Engineer Public involvement opportunities will be available before and after 3/31/2009 submittal. PI-3 Summarize annual activities for "Public Involvement and Participation" component of Annual Report; identify any updates to SWMP document. Stormwater Engineer The SWMP and Annual Report submittal is due on or before March 31st of each year. PI-4 Stormwater Comprehensive Plan update public involvement-presentation of plan at Planning Commission and City Council Stormwater Engineer May –September 2011 ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 5 ILLICIT DISCHARGE DETECTION AND ELIMINATION This Section describes the Permit requirements related to Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE), including current and planned compliance activities. 5.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S5.C.3) requires the City to:  Implement an ongoing program to detect and remove illicit discharges, connections and improper disposal, including any spills into the municipal separate storm sewers owned or operated by the City. An illicit discharge means “any discharge to a municipal storm system that is not composed entirely of stormwater…” and illicit connection means “any man-made conveyance that is connected to a municipal storm system without a permit (excluding roof drains and other similar type connections) such as sanitary sewer connections, floor drains, etc.”  Develop a storm sewer system map, have ordinances that prohibit illicit discharges, and create a program to detect and address illicit discharges.  Publicly list and publicize a hotline or other local telephone number for public reporting of spills and other illicit discharges. Track illicit discharge reports and actions taken in response through close-out, including enforcement actions.  Train staff on proper IDDE response procedures and processes and to recognize and report illicit discharges.  Summarize all illicit discharges and connections reported to the City and response actions taken, including enforcement actions, in the Annual Report; including updates to the SWMP document. 5.2 Current Activities The City currently implements activities and programs that meet many of the Permit requirements. The current compliance activities associated with the above Permit requirements include:  The City currently has an IDDE program.  The City has an emergency phone number posted on the City’s website that allows citizens to report illicit discharges or illicit dumping.  The City is currently a subscriber to Pierce County’s geographic information system (GIS) and has most of the information and data necessary to create the required maps. The vast majority of the stormwater system has been mapped in GIS.  City code adopted in August 2009 specifies IDDE program and enforcement provisions.  The City summarizes associated activities in its Annual Report by March 31st, of each year.  The City has received a Department of Ecology grant and is using the funds to develop a GIS map of the City’s storm sewer system. This work is complete and is being incorporated into the CMMS system.  First Responder training was conducted in August 2009 and will be updated as needed. Eight key staff attended the training. 5-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5: Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 5.3 Planned Activities Puyallup conducts some illicit discharge detection and elimination activities but will need to expand current efforts in order to maintain compliance as Ecology phases in Permit requirements. Table 5-1 is the work plan for 2011 SWMP Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination (IDDE) activities. These tasks will be refined through an iterative process of interviews and workshops with staff from affected City departments. Table 5-1. 2011 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes IDDE-1 Define and implement City-wide IDDE Program and develop any necessary supplemental IDDE activities. Public Works Collections, Stormwater Program development to be completed by 8/19/2011. IDDE-2 Update current GIS stormwater layer to include recently annexed areas, expand level of detail Public Works Collections Continue through 2011. IDDE-3 Revise current IDDE response process into a standard, City-wide IDDE response and enforcement process and procedure. Public Works, Legal Enforcement strategy and implementation SOPs in place by 2/16/10. IDDE-4 Train municipal field staff on the identification, investigation, termination, cleanup, and reporting of illicit discharges, improper disposal and illicit connections. Public Works O&M, HR Initial First Responders training occurred in 2009, awareness training occurred in February 2011. Train new employees as they are hired. IDDE-5 Incorporate awareness of illicit discharges into public outreach and education program. City Management, Planning, Stormwater Refinements to existing public education and outreach activities to be in place by 2/16/2009. IDDE-6 Summarize annual activities for "Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination" component of Annual Report; identify any updates to SWMP document. Public Works Collections The SWMP and Annual Report submittal is due on or before March 31st of each year. IDDE-7 Track number of hotline calls and number of follow up actions taken during the year Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer Ongoing IDDE-8 Improve visibility and frequency of appearance of hot line number on web site City Management, Stormwater Engineer March 2011 IDDE-9 Develop and implement an ongoing program to detect and address non-stormwater illicit discharges, including spills, and illicit connections into the MS4. Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer August 19, 2011 IDDE-10 Develop procedures for locating priority areas likely to have illicit discharges, including at a minimum: evaluating land uses and associated business/industrial activities present; areas where complaints have been registered in the past; and areas with storage of large quantities of materials that Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer August 19, 2011 5-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5: Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 5-3 Table 5-1. 2011 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes could result in illicit discharges, including spills. IDDE-11 Implement field assessment activities, including visual inspection of priority outfalls identified during dry weather and for the purposes of verifying outfall locations, identified previously unknown outfalls, and detected illicit discharges. Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer August 19, 2011 IDDE-12 Conduct field assessments for three high priority water bodies. Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer February 16, 2011 IDDE-13 Conduct field assessments on at least one high priority water body. Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer After February 16, 2011 IDDE-14 Develop and implemented Spill Response Plan with decision and phone trees Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer March 2011 IDDE-15 Develop and implement procedures for tracing the source of an illicit discharge; including visual inspections, and when necessary, opening manholes, using mobile cameras, collecting and analyzing water samples, and/or other detailed inspection procedures. Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer August 19, 2011 IDDE-16 Develop and implement procedures for removing the source of the illicit discharge, including notification of appropriate authorities; notification of the property owner; technical assistance for eliminating the discharge; follow-up inspections; and escalating enforcement and legal actions if the discharge is not eliminated Public Works Collections, Stormwater Engineer August 19, 2011 IDDE-17 Track the number of illicit discharges, including spills, identified Public Works Collections August 19, 2011 IDDE-18 Track number of inspections for Illicit Connections Public Works Collections August 19, 2011 ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 6 CONTROLLING RUNOFF FROM NEW DEVELOPMENT, REDEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION SITES This Section describes the Permit requirements related to Controlling Runoff from New Development, Redevelopment and Construction Sites, including current and planned compliance activities. 6.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S5.C.4) requires the City to:  Develop, implement, and enforce a program to reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff (for example, sediment, construction site wastes, and illicit discharges) to the municipal separate storm sewer system from new development, redevelopment and construction site activities. The program must apply to both private and public projects, including roads, and address all construction/development-associated pollutant sources.  Adopt regulations (codes and standards) and implement plan review, inspection, and escalating enforcement processes and procedures necessary to implement the program in accordance with Permit conditions, including the minimum technical requirements in Appendix 1 of the Permit 2005 Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, equivalent Phase I Manual or one of the Manual options with a Puyallup-specific basin-planning overlay).  Provide provisions and processes and procedures (plan review, inspection, and enforcement) to allow non-structural preventive actions and source reduction approaches such as Low Impact Development techniques (LID), measures to minimize the creation of impervious surfaces and measures to minimize the disturbance of native soils and vegetation.  Adopt regulations (codes and standards) and provide provisions to verify adequate long-term operations and maintenance of new post-construction permanent stormwater facilities and best management practices private drainage system inspections) in accordance with Permit conditions, including an annual inspection frequency and/or approved alternative inspection frequency and maintenance standards for private drainage systems as protective as those in Chapter IV of the 2005 Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington.  Provide training to staff on the new codes, standards, processes and procedures and create public outreach and education materials.  Develop and define a process to record and maintain all inspections and enforcement actions by staff for inclusion in the Annual Report.  Summarize annual activities for the “Controlling Runoff” component of the Annual Report; identify any update to SWMP document. 6.2 Current Activities The City currently has activities and programs that meet many of the Permit requirements. Current compliance activities associated with the above Permit requirements include: 6-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 6: Controlling Runoff from New Development, Redevelopment and Construction Sites City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP  The City has developed and implemented a program to reduce pollutants in stormwater runoff to the municipal separate storm sewer system from some development and construction site activities. The City enforces this program through the Civil Code.  The City requires submittal of Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) plans and stormwater management plans for post-construction, permanent site drainage, and water quality facilities).  The City conducts construction and stormwater site inspections during the pre-construction and construction phases.  The City provides copies of Notices of Intent (NOI) for construction and industrial activities during the permit review process with developers.  The City summarizes associated activities in its Annual Report by March 31st, of each year. 6.3 Planned Activities Puyallup has a program to help reduce stormwater runoff from new development and construction sites but updates will be necessary to maintain compliance as Ecology phases in Permit requirements. Table 6-1 is the work plan for 2011 SWMP activities related to control of runoff from new development, redevelopment and construction sites. These tasks will be refined through an iterative process of interviews and workshops with staff from affected City departments. Table 6-1. 2011 Controlling Runoff from Development, Redevelopment, and Construction Sites Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes CTRL-1 Adopt 2005 DOE Stormwater manual for developments 1 acre or greater. Engineering, Public Works, Legal Stormwater Manual was adopted by 2/16/2010. CTRL-2 Draft and adopt new code language for managing stormwater runoff from development, redevelopment, and construction sites. Engineering, Public Works, Legal Codes were adopted by 2/16/2011. CTRL-3 Establish new permitting process SOPs to implement new code. Engineering SOPs were completed by 2/16/2011. CTRL-4 Develop and deploy system for project record keeping regarding permitting, plan review, construction site inspections, and enforcement actions. Engineering, Tracking of inspections and enforcement actions by 2/16/2011. CTRL-5 Train staff responsible for implementing the controlling runoff program from new development, redevelopment, and construction sites. Engineering Training was completed by 2/16/2010. CTRL-6 Summarize annual activities for "Controlling Runoff from New Development, Redevelopment, and Construction Sites" component of Annual Report; identify any updates to SWMP document. Engineering, Public Works CIP The SWMP and Annual Report submittal is due on or before March 31st of each year. CTRL-7 Conduct Stormwater Site Plan reviews for new development and redevelopment projects over 1 acre in size, track number of site plans reviewed during the year. Engineering (Private Projects), Stormwater Engineer (Public Projects) Began February 16, 2010 6-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 6: Controlling Runoff from New Development, Redevelopment and Construction Sites City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 6-3 Table 6-1. 2011 Controlling Runoff from Development, Redevelopment, and Construction Sites Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes CTRL-8 Inspect, prior to clearing and construction, all known development sites that have high potential for sediment transport as determined by plan review and requirements in Appendix 7 of the permit, track number of sites inspected during the year. Engineering, Public Works CIP Began February 16, 2011 CTRL-9 Inspect construction phase stormwater controls at permitted sites to verify proper installation and maintenance of erosion and sediment controls, track number of sites inspected during the year. Engineering, Public Works CIP Began February 16, 2011 CTRL-10 Enforce erosion and sediment controls as necessary at new development and redevelopment sites, track number of enforcement actions taken during the year. Engineering, Public Works CIP Began February 16, 2011 CTRL-11 Inspect permitted development sites upon completion and prior to final approval or occupancy to ensure proper installation of permanent stormwater controls, track number of sites and number of sites inspected. Engineering, Public Works CIP Began February 16, 2011 CTRL-12 Verify a maintenance plan is completed and responsibility for maintenance is assigned. Engineering, Public Works CIP Began February 16, 2011 CTRL-13 Enforce regulations as needed based on inspections, e.g. require systems brought in to compliance before final acceptance, track number of enforcement actions taken during the year. Engineering, Public Works CIP Began February 16, 2011 CRTL-14 Develop and implement an enforcement strategy to respond to issues of non-compliance. City Management, Legal, Engineering Began February 16, 2011 CRTL-15 Provide copies of the Notice of Intent for Construction Activity and Notice of Intent for Industrial Activity to representatives of proposed new development and redevelopment (private development) or submit to Ecology (public development) Engineering (private), CIP (public) Ongoing ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 7 POLLUTION PREVENTION AND OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FOR MUNICIPAL OPERATIONS This Section describes the Permit requirements related to Pollution Prevention and Operation and Maintenance for Municipal Operations, including current and planned compliance activities. 7.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S5.C.5) requires the City to:  Develop and implement an operations and maintenance (O&M) program with the ultimate goal of preventing or reducing pollutant runoff from the municipal separate stormwater system and municipal operations and maintenance activities.  Establish maintenance standards for the municipal separate stormwater system that are at least as protective as those specified in the 2005 Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington.  Perform inspection of stormwater flow control and treatment facilities and catch basins at the required frequencies, unless previous inspection data show that a reduced frequency is justified.  Have processes and procedures in place to reduce stormwater impacts associated with runoff from municipal operation and maintenance activities for streets, parking lots, roads or highways owned or maintained by the City, and to reduce pollutants in discharges from all lands owned or maintained by the City.  Train staff to implement the modified processes and procedures and document that training.  Prepare Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans for all heavy equipment maintenance or storage yards, and material storage facilities owned or operated by the City (Corporate Yards, Parks Maintenance, WWTP).  Summarize annual activities for the “Pollution Prevention and Operations and Maintenance for Municipal” component of the Annual Report; identify any update to SWMP document. 7.2 Current Activities The City currently has activities and programs that meet some of the Permit requirements. The current compliance activities associated with the above Permit requirements include:  The City has a program for catch basin and inlet inspections.  The City has a regular street sweeping program.  Many of the City’s landscape, open space, and facility management activities are managed to minimize the potential for stormwater pollution.  The City has created a list of City owned properties that will need Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans they are Corporate Yards, Waste Water Treatment Plant and Parks Maintenance.  The City summarizes associated activities in its Annual Report by March 31st, of each year. 7-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 7. Pollution Prevention and O&M for Municipal Operations City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP  The wash bay project identified in the Corporate Yard is currently under construction, with a completion date of May expected. 7.3 Planned Actions Puyallup performs many activities to limit stormwater pollution potential related to its municipal operations and maintenance program. However, updates will be necessary to maintain compliance as Ecology phases in Permit requirements. Table 7-1 is the work plan for 2011 SWMP activities related to pollution prevention and operations and maintenance activities. These tasks were developed through an iterative process of interviews and workshops with staff from affected City departments. Table 7-1. 2011 Pollution Prevention and Operations and Maintenance Work Plan Task ID Task Description Responsible Schedule Notes PPOM-1 Update municipal storm system inspection and operations and maintenance processes and procedures for new Stormwater Manual maintenance standards. Public Works Collections Standards adopted by 2/16/2010. PPOM-2 Refine data management systems to track maintenance activities and inspections (Cartegraph CMMS). Public Works Collections, IT&C Ongoing PPOM-3 Implement Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for Corporate Yards, Waste Water Treatment Plant and Parks Maintenance Facilities. Public Works, Parks Update of Corporate Yard needed in 2011 PPOM-4 Implement Field Island Retrofit identified in Corporate Yards Public Works December 2011 PPOM-5 Implement Wash Bay Reconfiguration and Stormwater Pond Water Quality Retrofit identified in Corporate Yards Public Works Under Construction PPOM-6 Develop and establish policies and procedures to reduce pollutants in stormwater discharges from lands owned or maintained by the City. Public Works Began development in 2009; began implementing SOPs by 2/16/2010. PPOM-7 Establish annual inspection program for City-owned flow control and runoff treatment facilities and perform identified maintenance within prescribed Permit timelines. Public Works Began development in 2009; began implementing SOPs by 2/16/2010. In progress. PPOM-8 Develop curricula and define staff training requirements for pollution prevention training program. Public Works O&M, Training completed by 2/16/2009. PPOM-9 Summarize annual activities for "Pollution Prevention and Operation and Maintenance" component of Annual Report; identify any updates to SWMP document. Public Works, Public Works Collections The SWMP and Annual Report submittal is due on or before March 31st of each year. PPOM-8 Inspect post construction stormwater controls, including structural BMPs, at new development and redevelopment projects (Private systems) per the approved maintenance plan, track the number of sites, number of structural BMP’s and number of enforcement actions during the year. Public Works Collections, Began February 16, 2010 7-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 7. Pollution Prevention and O&M for Municipal Operations City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 7-3 Table 7-1. 2011 Pollution Prevention and Operations and Maintenance Work Plan Task ID Task Description Responsible Schedule Notes PPOM-9 Establish program to annually inspect all stormwater treatment and flow control facilities (other than catch basins) and catch basins every 6 months, track number of treatment facilities and number of catch basins maintained during the year. Public Works Collections Started February 16, 2010 PPOM-10 Inspect all new stormwater treatment and flow control facilities owned or operated, including catch basins, for new residential developments that are a part of a larger common plan of development or sale, every 6 months during the period of heaviest house construction to identify maintenance needs and enforce compliance with maintenance standards as needed, track the number of facilities inspected during the year. Public Works Collections Started February 16, 2010 PPOM-11 Implement process to maintain records on inspections and enforcement actions by staff, including inspection reports, warning letters, notices of violations, other enforcement records, maintenance inspections and maintenance activities. Public Works Collections Started February 16, 2010 PPOM-12 Verify and maintain staff training permitting, plan review, construction site inspections and enforcement, track number of trainings and number of staff trained. HR Started February 16, 2010 PPOM-13 Conduct spot checks of stormwater facilities after major storms (>3”/24 hr), track number of facilities inspected after storms for the year. Public Works Collections Started February 16, 2010 PPOM-14 Maintain GIS database of number of stormwater facilities other than catch basins (public and private), track number of facilities and inspections Public Works Collections Ongoing PPOM-15 Inspect all public inlets and catch basins. Public Works Collections Ongoing PPOM-16 Track number of catch basins inspected and number cleaned for reporting period Public Works Collections Ongoing PPOM-17 Train staff on Operations and Maintenance procedures contained in Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines, track number of trainings Public Works Collections, HR Ongoing ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP 2011 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM 8 MONITORING This Section describes the Permit requirements related to water quality monitoring, including current and planned activities. 8.1 Permit Requirements The Permit (Section S8) does not require municipalities to conduct water quality sampling or other testing during this Permit term, with the following exceptions:  Water quality monitoring required for compliance with [total maximum daily pollutant loads, a.k.a., water quality clean-up plans]. The City’s current Permit does not include TMDL requirements because there were no EPA-approved affecting the City prior to the cut-off date (February 2006) for inclusion in the current Permit.  Any sampling or testing required for characterizing illicit discharges pursuant to the Permit’s Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination conditions.  Preparation for future, comprehensive, long-term water quality monitoring efforts consistent with current Phase I monitoring requirements. According to the Permit, this program would include two components: 1) general stormwater quality monitoring and, 2) targeted Stormwater Management Program effectiveness monitoring. The stormwater monitoring is intended to characterize stormwater runoff quantity and quality at a limited number of locations. This characterization would allow for analysis of pollutants and changes in conditions over time and across the City. The Stormwater Management Program effectiveness monitoring is intended to improve stormwater management efforts by evaluating various stormwater controls. Results of the monitoring will be used to support the adaptive management process for improving programs over time.  Identification of two outfalls where permanent stormwater sampling stations can be installed and operated for future monitoring (by the end of the Permit term and with the 4th Annual Report). The two outfalls must represent commercial, high-density residential, and industrial land uses. The monitoring shall include plans for stormwater, sediment or receiving water monitoring of physical, chemical, and/or biological characteristics.  Identification of two suitable SWMP Program questions and sites where targeted SWMP Program effectiveness monitoring can be conducted together with development of a monitoring plan for these questions and sites. The proposed effectiveness monitoring should be prepared to answer the following types of questions: • How effective is a specific targeted action or a narrow suite of actions? • Is the Stormwater Management Program achieving a targeted environmental outcome? In addition, the City is required to provide the following monitoring and/or assessment data in Annual Reports:  A description of stormwater monitoring or studies conducted by the City during the reporting period. If stormwater monitoring was conducted on behalf of the City, or if studies or investigations conducted by B-8-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 8: Monitoring City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP 8-2 other entities were reported to the City, a brief description of the type of information gathered or received shall be included in the Annual Report.  An assessment of the appropriateness of the best management practices identified by the City for components of the Stormwater Management Program; and changes made, or anticipated to be made, to the practices that were previously selected to implement the Stormwater Management Program and why those changes are desirable. 8.2 Current Activities The City, in partnership with the Puyallup Tribe and Department of Ecology, conducted a 15-month monitoring program for the Clarks Creek Watershed Pollution Reduction Project. The monitoring results were used to identify pollutant sources and estimate pollutant loads. The results of the monitoring are described in the Clarks Creek Watershed Pollution Reduction Project Submittal Report (URS and Brown and Caldwell, February 2005). 8.3 Planned Activities Puyallup will likely need to create a Water Quality Monitoring Program to maintain compliance during the next Permit term. Except for summarizing monitoring activities no actions are required until 2011. Table 8-1 presents the work plan for 2011 SWMP monitoring activities. Table 8-1. 2011 Water Quality Monitoring Work Plan Task ID Task Description Lead Schedule Notes MNTR -1 Develop a monitoring strategy for the current and future Permit water quality monitoring conditions. PW Continue through 2011. MNTR-2 Prioritize three receiving waters for visual inspection. City Management, Public Works February 16, 2010 MNTR-3 Conduct field assessment on at least one high priority water body. Public Works Due in this reporting year MNTR -4 Summarize annual monitoring activities for the Annual Report; identify any updates to the SWMP document. Public Works The SWMP and Annual Report submittal is due on or before March 31st of each year. MNTR-5 Identification of two outfalls where permanent stormwater sampling stations can be installed and operated for future monitoring Stormwater Engineer See Appendix B, 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormwater Monitoring Plan MNTR-6 Identification of two suitable SWMP Program questions Stormwater Engineer See Appendix C, Effectiveness Monitoring Plan Puyallup ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP APPENDIX A Acronyms and Definitions A-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP The following definitions and acronyms are taken directly from the Phase II Permit and are reproduced here for the reader’s convenience. AKART means all known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control and treatment. All known, available and reasonable methods of prevention, control and treatment refers to the State Water Pollution Control Act, Chapter 90.48.010 and 90.48.520 RCW. Basin Plan is a surface water management process consisting of three parts: a scientific study of the basin’s drainage features and their quality; developing actions and recommendations for resolving any deficiencies discovered during the study; and implementing the recommendations, followed by monitoring. Best Management Practices ("BMPs") are the schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and structural and/or managerial practices approved by the Department that, when used singly or in combination, prevent or reduce the release of pollutants and other adverse impacts to waters of Washington State. BMP means Best Management Practice. Component or Program Component means an element of the Stormwater Management Program listed in S5 Stormwater Management Program for Cities, Towns, and Counties or S6 Stormwater Management Program for Secondary Permittees of this permit. CWA means Clean Water Act (formerly referred to as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act or Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972) Pub.L. 92-500, as amended Pub. L. 95-217, Pub. L. 95- 576, Pub. L. (6-483 and Pub. L. 97-117, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et.seq. Discharge for the purpose of this permit means, unless indicated otherwise, any discharge from a MS4 owned or operated by the permittee. Ecology’s Western Washington Phase I Municipal Stormwater Permit regulates discharges from municipal separate storm sewers owned or operated by Clark, King, Pierce and Snohomish Counties, and the cities of Seattle and Tacoma. Ecology’s Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit covers certain "small" municipal separate stormwater sewer systems. Entity means another governmental body, or public or private organization, such as another permittee, a conservation district, or volunteer organization. Equivalent document means a technical stormwater management manual developed by a state agency, local government or other entity that includes the Minimum Technical Requirements in Appendix 1 of this Permit. The Department may conditionally approve manuals that do not include the Minimum Technical Requirements in Appendix 1; in general, the Best Management Practices (BMPs) included in those documents may be applied at new development and redevelopment sites, but the Minimum Technical Requirements in Appendix 1 must still be met. Heavy equipment maintenance or storage yard means an uncovered area where any heavy equipment, such as mowing equipment, excavators, dump trucks, backhoes, or bulldozers are washed or maintained, or where at least five pieces of heavy equipment are stored. Illicit connection means any man-made conveyance that is connected to a municipal separate storm sewer without a permit, excluding roof drains and other similar type connections. Examples include sanitary sewer B-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP connections, floor drains, channels, pipelines, conduits, inlets, or outlets that are connected directly to the municipal separate storm sewer system. Illicit discharge means any discharge to a municipal separate storm sewer that is not composed entirely of storm water except discharges pursuant to a NPDES permit (other than the NPDES permit for discharges from the municipal separate storm sewer) and discharges resulting from fire fighting activities. IDDE- Illicit discharge detection and elimination Low Impact Development (LID) means a stormwater management and land development strategy applied at the parcel and subdivision scale that emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features integrated with engineered, small-scale hydrologic controls to more closely mimic pre-development hydrologic functions. Major Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Outfall means a municipal separate storm sewer outfall from a single pipe with an inside diameter of 36 inches or more, or its equivalent (discharge from a single conveyance other than circular pipe which is associated with a drainage area of more than 50 acres); or for municipal separate storm sewers that receive stormwater from lands zoned for industrial activity (based on comprehensive zoning plans or the equivalent), an outfall that discharges from a single pipe with an inside diameter of 12 inches or more or from its equivalent (discharge from other than a circular pipe associated with a drainage area of 12 acres or more). Material Storage Facilities means an uncovered area where bulk materials (liquid, solid, granular, etc.) are stored in piles, barrels, tanks, bins, crates, or other means. Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP) refers to paragraph 402(p)(3)(B)(iii) of the federal Clean Water Act which reads as follows: Permits for discharges from municipal storm sewers shall require controls to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable, including management practices, control techniques, and system, design, and engineering methods, and other such provisions as the Administrator or the State determines appropriate for the control of such pollutants. MEP means Maximum Extent Practicable. MTRs means Minimum Technical Requirements. Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) means a conveyance, or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, manmade channels, or storm drains): owned or operated by a state, city, town, borough, county, parish, district, association, or other public body (created by or pursuant to State Law) having jurisdiction over disposal of wastes, storm water, or other wastes, including special districts under State law such as a sewer district, flood control district or drainage district, or similar entity, or an Indian tribe or an authorized Indian tribal organization, or a designated and approved management agency under section 208 of the CWA that discharges to waters of the United States. (ii) designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater. (iii) which is not a combined sewer; and (iv) which is not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as defined at 40 CFR 122.2. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) means the national program for issuing, modifying, revoking, and reissuing, terminating, monitoring and enforcing permits, and imposing and enforcing pretreatment requirements, under sections 307, 402, 318, and 405 of the Federal Clean Water Act, B-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP for the discharge of pollutants to surface waters of the state from point sources. These permits are referred to as NPDES permits and, in Washington State, are administered by the Washington Department of Ecology. Notice of Intent (NOI) means the application for, or a request for coverage under this General Permit pursuant to WAC 173-226-200. Outfall means point source as defined by 40 CFR 122.2 at the point where a municipal separate storm sewer discharges to waters of the State and does not include open conveyances connecting two municipal separate storm sewer systems, or pipes, tunnels, or other conveyances which connect segments of the same stream or other waters of the State and are used to convey waters of the State. O&M- Operations and Maintenance Permittee unless otherwise noted, the term “Permittee” includes Permittee, Co-Permittee, and Secondary Permittee, as defined below: A “Permittee” is a city, town, or county owning or operating a regulated small MS4 applying and receiving a permit as a single entity. (ii) A “Co-Permittee” is any operator of a regulated small MS4 that is applying jointly with another applicant for coverage under this Permit. Co-Permittees own or operate a regulated small MS4 located within or adjacent to another regulated small MS4. (iii) A “Secondary Permittee” is an operator of regulated small MS4 that is not a city, town or county. Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System or Small MS4 is a conveyance or system of conveyances including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels and/or storm drains which is: a. Owned or operated by a city, town, county, district, association or other public body created pursuant to State law having jurisdiction over disposal of sewage, industrial wastes, stormwater, or other wastes, including special districts under State law such as a sewer districts, flood control districts or drainage districts, or similar entity. b. Designed or used for collecting or conveying stormwater. c. Not a combined sewer system, d. Not part of a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) as defined at 40 CFR 122.2. e. Not defined as “large” or “medium” pursuant to 40 CFR 122.26(b)(4) & or designated under 40 CFR 122.26 Small MS4s include systems similar to separate storm sewer systems in municipalities such as: universities, large publicly owned hospitals, prison complexes, highways and other thoroughfares. Storm sewer systems in very discrete areas such as individual buildings do not require coverage under this Permit. Small MS4s do not include storm drain systems operated by non-governmental entities such as: individual buildings, private schools, private colleges, private universities, and industrial and commercial entities. Stormwater means runoff during and following precipitation and snowmelt events, including surface runoff and drainage. Stormwater Associated with Industrial and Construction Activity means the discharge from any conveyance which is used for collecting and conveying stormwater, which is directly related to manufacturing, B-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP B-4 processing or raw materials storage areas at an industrial plant, or associated with clearing grading and/or excavation, and is required to have an NPDES permit in accordance with 40 CFR 122.26. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington means the 5-volume technical manual (Publication Nos. 99-11 through 15 for the 2001 version and Publication Nos. 05-10-029-033 for the 2005 version (The 2005 version replaces the 2001 version) prepared by Ecology for use by local governments that contains BMPs to prevent, control, or treat pollution in storm water. Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) means a set of actions and activities designed to reduce the discharge of pollutants from the regulated small MS4 to the maximum extent practicable and to protect water quality, and comprising the components listed in S5 or S6 of this Permit and any additional actions necessary to meet the requirements of applicable Vehicle Maintenance or Storage Facility means an uncovered area where any vehicles are regularly washed or maintained, or where at least 10 vehicles are stored. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup 2011 SWMP APPENDIX B 2011 City of Puyallup City Future Stormwater Monitoring Plan B-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP FUTURE STORMWATER MONITORING PLAN Prepared for City of Puyallup, WA December, 2010 B-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Monitoring Overview This section provides a brief overview of the monitoring requirements that are set forth in the Washington State Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit for Western Washington (Phase II Permit). 1.1 Current Permit Monitoring Requirements The Phase II Permit regulates stormwater discharges for small municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) as established in Title 40 CFR, part 122.26. The Phase II Permit, issued in 2007 and modified in 2009, includes requirements for permittees to prepare to conduct a monitoring program in future permits. The Phase II Monitoring Program described in Section S8.C includes two types of monitoring: 4. Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) 5. Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Effectiveness Monitoring/Targeted SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) requires permittees to identify sites suitable for monitoring stormwater discharges based on jurisdictional size and land use types, and on known water quality problems and/or targeted areas of interest for future monitoring. SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) requires permittees to identify questions that monitoring may answer to determine the effectiveness of specific components of their Stormwater Management Program (SWMP). The permittee must identify sites for monitoring and create monitoring plans to answer at least two effectiveness questions. This document covers stormwater monitoring for Phase II Permit condition S8.C.1.a; effectiveness monitoring (S8.C.1.b) is described in a separate plan. 1.2 Future Phase II Permit Monitoring Requirements This monitoring plan was prepared to meet the requirements of the current (2007) Phase II Permit. However, the next Phase II Permit, which is scheduled to be issued in 2012, may contain monitoring requirements substantially different from those envisioned in the current Permit. In 2008, Ecology convened the Puget Sound Stormwater Workgroup (SWG) to develop a comprehensive, sustainable, stormwater monitoring strategy for Puget Sound, as well as monitoring requirements for the next Phase I and Phase II permits. The SWG members represent caucuses of local, state, and federal agencies, environmental and business organizations, tribes and agriculture. The SWG submitted the comprehensive strategy in July 2010 to Ecology (in a document titled 2010 Stormwater Monitoring and Assessment Strategy for the Puget Sound Region). Based on this strategy, the SWG submitted monitoring recommendations for the next NPDES Phase I and II permits on October 29, 2010, in a document titled Recommendations for Municipal Stormwater Permit Monitoring). The SWG recommends that Ecology designate an independent entity to administer the stormwater-related monitoring and assessment activities in the next municipal stormwater permits. This recommendation is called the “pay-in” option. The SWG recommended receiving water monitoring rather than the outfall monitoring described in the current Phase II Permit. Moreover, the SWG recommended that the regional entity (rather than by each permitee) administer the program effectiveness monitoring and focus on questions of regional significance. More information on the SWG is available at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/psmonitoring/swworkgroup.html. B-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- If the next Phase II Permit incorporates the SWG recommendations, the monitoring requirements will be substantially different from those envisioned in the current Permit. Thus, this monitoring plan should be regarded as tentative and subject to change based on the next Phase II Permit. B-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Monitoring Site Selection Process 2.1 Land Use Requirements Puyallup has a population of 38,690 according to the April 1, 2009 value used for allocation of selected state revenues. Based on the thresholds set in Permit section S8.C.1.a, the City must select two outfalls where stormwater characterization monitoring could be conducted. One site should represent commercial land uses and the other should represent high-density residential land uses. In addition to the selecting outfalls which the land uses noted above, Ecology guidance recommends selecting locations where municipalities already have an interest in the receiving water quality. 2.2 Sampling Sites Selection The Phase II permit states that Permittees shall select outfalls or conveyances based on known water quality problems and/or targeted areas of interest for future monitoring, The City would like to highly consider locations where monitoring has been or is being conducted. This will allow monitoring collected as part of this proposal to build upon past or current monitoring information and to be used to identify trends and/or statistically significant changes. It also increases likelihood that the monitoring sites will be accessible and that power and other monitoring station needs are met. The City has been collecting monitoring data at many sites over the past 20 years and so it could be informative for the City if they could build on this existing data. Ecology’s May 2010 Monitoring and Reporting Guidance for Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permits (Publication 10-10-030) was also used to select outfalls or conveyances. The NPDES permit requires Permittees to document: Why sites were selected; Possible site constraints for installation of and access to monitoring equipment; A brief description of the contributing drainage basin including size in acreage, dominant land use, and other contributing land uses; Any water quality concerns (or interests) in the receiving water of each selected outfall or conveyance. The two potential monitoring sites are described below. Site 1 (Commercial): Puyallup River Outfall #14 Brief Description- The monitoring site is located at City outfall #14 near the skate park (see Figure It is a concrete pipe in line with 4th St NW and the Puyallup River. Reason for Selection- This site was selected due to its high concentration of commercial land use. Constraints- Flow from this outfall may be affected by backwater conditions during storm runoff events that coincide with Puyallup River flows above 17,000 cfs. However, this combination of conditions is expected to occur very infrequently. B-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- Brief Description of Contributing Drainage Basin (size, dominant land use, other contributing land uses)- The drainage basin is 138 acres. As shown in Table 1, over half of the basin is commercial. The rest of the basin is a combination of High Density Residential, Low Density Residential, Open Space, and Public Facilities. Table 1. Commercial Drainage Basin Characteristics Land Use Area (acres) Percent Auto Commercial 58.6 Commercial Pedestrian Oriented Commercial 3.8 55% High Density Residential 3.0 3% Low Density Residential 42.0 37% Open Space 0.0 0% Public Facilities 5.1 5% Water Quality Concerns or Interests- The Puyallup River of the city limits (approximately two miles of outfall #14) is listed as “polluted” by fecal coliform bacteria. The fecal coliform listing is based on samples collected in 1998; however, samples collected in 2006 and 2008 did not exceed the state standards for fecal coliform. The same reach is listed as a “water body of concern” for dissolved oxygen. The reach about a third of a mile upstream h is listed as “polluted” due to elevated mercury concentrations. The City is unaware of any potential mercury source(s) in the outfall #14. drainage area. B-6 ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure 1. Commercial Land Use Basin Site 2 (High Density Residential): Clarks Creek Outfall #24 Brief Description- The monitoring site is located at the outfall pipe just of the Pioneer Ave bridge crossing over Clarks Creek. This 48-inch diameter concrete pipe receives stormwater runoff from an area that contains a mix of High Density Residential, Commercial, and Low Density Residential land uses (see Figure B-7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Reason for Selection- Using the City’s original land use data no basins were found to be dominated by High Density Residential land use. The City land use descriptions in the tax parcel data do not define the definition for Low Density Residential; however, using GIS analysis the average density of the Low Density Residential properties in this basin is 4-5 units per acre, which by the Ecology guidance would be defined as High Density Residential. The Pioneer Avenue drainage area was selected because it is an area of high importance due to planned economic redevelopment in the City’s downtown core. The selected sampling site will allow characterization of stormwater discharges into Clarks Creek, which has a TMDL for fecal coliform bacteria as well as sediment and dissolved oxygen concerns. Constraints- No known constraints. Brief Description of Contributing Drainage Basin (size, dominant land use, other contributing land uses)- The drainage basin encompasses 431 acres, including the right-of-way. Table 2 lists the current land use composition. As noted above, the area of High Density Residential is expected to increase as a result of the City’s economic redevelopment plan for the downtown area. The tables and figures are updated to use the Ecology, rather than City definition. Table 2. High Density Residential Drainage Basin Characteristics Land Use Area (acres) Percent Auto Commercial 3.5 Limited Commercial 2.2 Commercial Pedestrian Oriented Commercial 56.4 17% High Density Residential 198.8 56% Low Density Residential 27.5 8% Open Space 3.8 1% Public Facilities 62.8 18% Water Quality Concerns or Interests- Clarks Creek has a TMDL in place for fecal coliform. The Puyallup Tribe is developing a TMDL for dissolved oxygen in the creek. Excessive fine sediment and elodea growth are also key concerns for Clarks Creek. B-8 ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure 2. High Density Residential Land Use Basin B-9 ---PAGE BREAK--- B-10 Limitations The next version of the Phase II Permit may contain monitoring requirements that are substantially different from those envisioned in the current (2007) Permit. Therefore, the City may modify this plan after the next Phase II Permit has been issued. ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX C 2011 Effectiveness Monitoring Plan C-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PUYALLUP FUTURE STORMWATER AND SWMP EFFECTIVENESS MONITORING PLAN Prepared for City of Puyallup, WA December, 2010 C-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Monitoring Overview This section provides a brief overview of the monitoring requirements that are set forth in the Washington State Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit for Western Washington (Phase II Permit). 1.1 Current Permit Monitoring Requirements The Phase II Permit regulates stormwater discharges for small municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) as established in Title 40 CFR, part 122.26. The Phase II Permit, issued in 2007 and modified in 2009, includes requirements for permittees to prepare to conduct a monitoring program in future permits. The Phase II Monitoring Program described in Section S8.C includes two types of monitoring: 6. Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) 7. Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Effectiveness Monitoring/Targeted SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) requires permittees to identify sites suitable for monitoring stormwater discharges based on jurisdictional size and land use types, and on known water quality problems and/or targeted areas of interest for future monitoring. SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) requires permittees to identify questions that monitoring may answer to determine the effectiveness of specific components of their Stormwater Management Program (SWMP). The permittee must identify sites for monitoring and create monitoring plans to answer at least two effectiveness questions. This document covers effectiveness monitoring as required for S8.C.1.b; stormwater monitoring (S8.C.1.a) is described in a separate monitoring plan. 1.2 Future Permit Monitoring Requirements This monitoring plan was prepared to meet the requirements of the current (2007) Phase II Permit, as noted above. However, the next Phase II Permit, which is scheduled to be issued in 2012, may contain monitoring requirements substantially different from those envisioned in the current Permit. Thus, this monitoring plan should be regarded as tentative and subject to change based on the next Phase II Permit. In 2008, Ecology convened the Puget Sound Stormwater Workgroup (SWG) to develop a comprehensive, sustainable, stormwater monitoring strategy for Puget Sound, as well as monitoring requirements for the next municipal stormwater NPDES permits. The SWG members represent caucuses of local, state, and federal agencies, environmental and business organizations, tribes and agriculture. The SWG submitted the comprehensive strategy in July 2010 to Ecology (in a document titled 2010 Stormwater Monitoring and Assessment Strategy for the Puget Sound Region). Based on this strategy, the SWG submitted monitoring recommendations for the next NPDES Phase I and II permits on October 29, 2010, in a document titled Recommendations for Municipal Stormwater Permit Monitoring). The SWG recommends that Ecology designate an independent entity to administer the stormwater-related monitoring and assessment activities in the next municipal stormwater permits. This recommendation is called the “pay-in” option. The SWG recommended receiving water monitoring rather than the outfall monitoring C-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- described in the current permits. Moreover, the SWG recommended that the regional entity (rather than by each permitee) administer the program effectiveness monitoring and focus on questions of regional significance. More information on the SWG is available at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/psmonitoring/swworkgroup.html. C-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Targeted Stormwater Program Effectiveness Questions Phase II Permit condition S8.C.1.requires that each permittee prepare a monitoring plan to address two questions related to the effectiveness of the permittee’s stormwater management program. The monitoring plan must contain the following elements: A. A statement of the question, an explanation of how and why the issue is significant to the permittee and a discussion of whether and how the results of the monitoring may be significant to other MS4s. B. A specific hypothesis about the issue or management actions that will be tested. C. Specific parameters or attributes to be measures. D. Expected modifications to management actions depending on the outcome of hypothesis testing. The City’s proposed effectiveness questions and monitoring approach are described below. As noted above, the City understands that the next version of the Phase II Permit may contain monitoring requirements substantially different from those envisioned in the current Phase II Permit. The City may revise these effectiveness questions and/or monitoring strategies after the next Phase II Permit has been issued. Question 1- Will retrofitting alleys with porous pavement substantially reduce runoff? Problem Statement/Description: Creation of impervious surfaces has been identified as a major cause of the flooding, water pollution, and channel erosion problems that often accompany urbanization (National Academy of Sciences 2008). Porous pavement is designed to allow rainfall to infiltrate into the underlying soil, thereby minimizing surface runoff and related flooding, water pollution, and channel erosion problems. The City must devote substantial resources to meet NPDES flow and water quality control standards. Other MS4s are likely having similar issues. Hypothesis: Catchments with alleys covered by porous pavement will generate less surface runoff than catchments with alleys covered by traditional pavement. Specific parameters or attributes: The City will identify two small catchments with similar land uses, soils, and topography. The alleys in one of the catchments will be repaved using pervious material. The City will monitor runoff volumes from each catchment area and compare the results. Expected modifications: If monitoring determines that the areas with porous pavement substantially reduce runoff volumes then the City will more likely install porous pavement sections in alleys. Question 2- Will installation of rain gardens in road rights-of-way substantially reduce runoff? Problem Statement/Description: Nearly all of the existing roads in Puyallup are covered with impervious pavement. In some areas, road runoff is directed to adjacent grassy areas with limited potential for flow and pollutant attenuation. Installing rain gardens in these grassy areas could increase infiltration and sedimentation, thereby reducing flow volumes and pollutant loads. Rain gardens are low-lying, vegetated depressions with absorbent soils that promote infiltration. Rain gardens are a popular form of stormwater mitigation, as they are easy retrofits for existing developments and are well suited for small sites, such as rights-of-ways. C-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- C-6 Many other MS4s use rain gardens and therefore are likely to have similar questions regarding their effectiveness in reducing runoff from road rights-of-way. Hypothesis: Catchments with rain gardens in the rights-of-way will have less runoff than catchments with grass in the rights-of-way. Specific parameters or attributes: The City will identify two small catchments with grass-covered rights-of-way and similar land uses, soils, and topography. Rain gardens will be installed he rights-of-way in one of the catchments. The City will monitor runoff volumes from each catchment area and compare the results. Expected modifications: If monitoring determines that the areas with rain gardens substantially reduce runoff volumes then the City may install more rain gardens in rights-of-ways in the City. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2010 NPDES Compliance Expenses Budget Element Org Key 2010 Expenses Note Collections and Transmissions [PHONE REDACTED] $1,052,953.72 1 Storm Street Cleaning [PHONE REDACTED] $206,521.23 2 New NPDES Regulations [PHONE REDACTED] $381,757.08 3 NPDES Data Management system [PHONE REDACTED] $8,092.05 4 NPDES Corp Yards Wash Facility [PHONE REDACTED] $76,022.28 5 SW NPDES Phase II SD [PHONE REDACTED] $62,521.47 6 Stormwater Manual Training (Dev Ser) $14,625.00 Total Expenses $1,802,492.83 Notes: 2 Street sweeping is a key pollution prevention BMP, completely within the mission of NPDES 3 Reflects Stormwater Engineer salary, benefits, and grant programs. 4 Cartegraph CMM 5 Project identified in Corporate Yard 6 Need definition on this project 1 The vast majority of Collections and Transmissions mission is maintenance, operation and repair of the stormwater system, which are all NPDES requirements ---PAGE BREAK--- 2010 Public Education and Outreach Summary Car washing • Kits checked out three times • Distributed brochures about BMPs • Distributed 100 car wash vouchers Natural Yard Care with Tacoma/Pierce County Health Dept • Mailed 1,200 property owners to educate and invite to the workshop • Held series Sept 9, Oct 6, and Oct 13 • Averaged about 25 people in attendance at each of the 3 workshops • Surveys received about effectiveness of classes Rain Gardens - Workshop in 2010 – invited 500 homeowners in Puyallup - Educated everyone that receives City utilities about Puyallup’s Rain Garden Program - Distributed flyers to local businesses about rain gardens. - Used Ecology grant funding to do the following rain garden work: • Spinning Elementary Neighborhood Installations o 6 property owners (7 gardens total installed) o 2 classes of students involved in installation of 1 garden and “Stormwater Home Surveys” o Installed interpretive signs o Demonstrated car wash kit use o 2 articles written (TNT and Puyallup Herald) o Received various donations from the community (t-shirts, materials, etc) o 41 volunteers at the installation in June • 18th St SW Installations (Clarks Creek) o 6 rain gardens installed o Corresponded with streamside plantings o Installed interpretive signs o Gardening with Ciscoe broadcasted live o trained 1 new landscape contractor on rain garden installation o Porous paver driveway installation at one home o Class from Maplewood Elementary participated in 1 garden installation and other educational events o Free home energy audits for the neighborhood o Received various donations from the community (t-shirts, materials, etc) o 65 volunteers at the installation in September o Puyallup River Watershed Council, WSU Puyallup, Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department, Classy Chasis all participated with booths at event. Streamside Care - The City received a $2,500 grant from the Pierce County Surface Water Management – Puyallup/Chambers-Clover Small Grants Program the results were as follows: • 500 streamside property owners were mailed and educated about streamside issues • 7 site visits and detailed education visits • 2 plantings along Clarks Creek (in conjunction with rain gardens) • Planted a large portion of the riparian area along Meeker Creek at the confluence of Meeker and Clark’s Creek (at the end of 18th St SW) - The 2010 Fall Cleanup Brochure was sent to all utility users and included information about improving water quality on Clark’s Creek ---PAGE BREAK--- - The City received a $9,600 grant from the Green Partnership Fund for Meeker-Silver Creek Riparian Restoration the results were as follows: o 543 native trees and shrubs planted o 4,000 feet of riparian habitat restored o 150+ community volunteers o 7 community events o New community recreational area Porous Pavement Helped fund installation of one porous pavement driveway at 18th St SW and install interpretive signage Stormdrain Markings o Met goal of over 1,000 stormdrain markings in 2010 (actually 1,379) o Updated GIS map records to reflect which catch basins are marked o All are mapped locations and number of volunteers are as follows: Date Location Volunteer Group # Volunteers # Marked June Spinning Elementary Stream Team 18 129 June Wildwood Park Stream Team 30 381 August Cascade Christian Campus Cascade Christian Summer Camp 47 47 August Manorwood Park Eagle Scout 25 360 August Sam Peach Park Intern 5 296 August Puyallup Business District Stream Team 1 146 September Wildwood Neighborhood Stream Team 2 20 128 1379 Media Coverage • King 5 TV News clip o 8th Ave NW rain gardens (October 26, 2010) • Puyallup Herald Articles o Editorial – More Rain Gardens Should be Welcome in Puyallup (February 16, 2011) • Tacoma News Tribune Articles o Garden Parties (June 16, 2010) o Puyallup on leading edge of stormwater research (article about WSU Puyallup and City on May 2, 2010) o Puyallup rain garden projects bring neighbors together • Sightline – Northwest Magazine o Soaking it up in Puyallup – blog post (November 12, 2010) o Curbing Stormwater and Creating Communities: The Case for Low-Impact Development – article (March 2011) • San Francisco Estuary Partnership (February 2011) o Permeable in Puyallup o Fish Friendly Car Wash Total number of events: 27 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- p City of Puyallup City Future Stormwater Monitoring Plan Prepared for City of Puyallup, WA December, 2010 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2 Section 1 Monitoring Overview This section provides a brief overview of the monitoring requirements that are set forth in the Washington State Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit for Western Washington (Phase II Permit). 1.1 Current Permit Monitoring Requirements The Phase II Permit regulates stormwater discharges for small municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) as established in Title 40 CFR, part 122.26. The Phase II Permit, issued in 2007 and modified in 2009, includes requirements for permittees to prepare to conduct a monitoring program in future permits. The Phase II Monitoring Program described in Section S8.C includes two types of monitoring: 1. Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) 2. Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Effectiveness Monitoring/Targeted SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) requires permittees to identify sites suitable for monitoring stormwater discharges based on jurisdictional size and land use types, and on known water quality problems and/or targeted areas of interest for future monitoring. SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) requires permittees to identify questions that monitoring may answer to determine the effectiveness of specific components of their Stormwater Management Program (SWMP). The permittee must identify sites for monitoring and create monitoring plans to answer at least two effectiveness questions. This document covers stormwater monitoring for Phase II Permit condition S8.C.1.a; effectiveness monitoring (S8.C.1.b) is described in a separate plan. 1.2 Future Phase II Permit Monitoring Requirements This monitoring plan was prepared to meet the requirements of the current (2007) Phase II Permit. However, the next Phase II Permit, which is scheduled to be issued in 2012, may contain monitoring requirements substantially different from those envisioned in the current Permit. In 2008, Ecology convened the Puget Sound Stormwater Workgroup (SWG) to develop a comprehensive, sustainable, stormwater monitoring strategy for Puget Sound, as well as monitoring requirements for the next Phase I and Phase II permits. The SWG members represent caucuses of local, state, and federal agencies, environmental and business organizations, tribes and agriculture. The SWG submitted the comprehensive strategy in July 2010 to Ecology (in a document titled 2010 Stormwater Monitoring and Assessment Strategy for the Puget Sound Region). Based on this strategy, the SWG submitted monitoring recommendations for the next NPDES Phase I and II permits on October 29, 2010, in a document titled Recommendations for Municipal Stormwater Permit Monitoring). The SWG recommends that Ecology designate an independent entity to administer the stormwater- related monitoring and assessment activities in the next municipal stormwater permits. This recommendation is called the “pay-in” option. The SWG recommended receiving water monitoring rather than the outfall monitoring described in the current Phase II Permit. Moreover, the SWG recommended ---PAGE BREAK--- 3 that the regional entity (rather than by each permitee) administer the program effectiveness monitoring and focus on questions of regional significance. More information on the SWG is available at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/psmonitoring/swworkgroup.html. If the next Phase II Permit incorporates the SWG recommendations, the monitoring requirements will be substantially different from those envisioned in the current Permit. Thus, this monitoring plan should be regarded as tentative and subject to change based on the next Phase II Permit. ---PAGE BREAK--- 4 Section 2 Monitoring Site Selection Process 2.1 Land Use Requirements Puyallup has a population of 38,690 according to the April 1, 2009 value used for allocation of selected state revenues. Based on the thresholds set in Permit section S8.C.1.a, the City must select two outfalls where stormwater characterization monitoring could be conducted. One site should represent commercial land uses and the other should represent high-density residential land uses. In addition to the selecting outfalls which the land uses noted above, Ecology guidance recommends selecting locations where municipalities already have an interest in the receiving water quality. 2.2 Sampling Sites Selection The Phase II permit states that Permittees shall select outfalls or conveyances based on known water quality problems and/or targeted areas of interest for future monitoring, The City would like to highly consider locations where monitoring has been or is being conducted. This will allow monitoring collected as part of this proposal to build upon past or current monitoring information and to be used to identify trends and/or statistically significant changes. It also increases likelihood that the monitoring sites will be accessible and that power and other monitoring station needs are met. The City has been collecting monitoring data at many sites over the past 20 years and so it could be informative for the City if they could build on this existing data. Ecology’s May 2010 Monitoring and Reporting Guidance for Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permits (Publication 10-10-030) was also used to select outfalls or conveyances. The NPDES permit requires Permittees to document: 1. Why sites were selected; 2. Possible site constraints for installation of and access to monitoring equipment; 3. A brief description of the contributing drainage basin including size in acreage, dominant land use, and other contributing land uses; 4. Any water quality concerns (or interests) in the receiving water of each selected outfall or conveyance. The two potential monitoring sites are described below. Site 1 (Commercial): Puyallup River Outfall #14 Brief Description- The monitoring site is located at City outfall #14 near the skate park (see Figure It is a concrete pipe in line with 4th St NW and the Puyallup River. Reason for Selection- This site was selected due to its high concentration of commercial land use. Constraints- Flow from this outfall may be affected by backwater conditions during storm runoff events that coincide with Puyallup River flows above 17,000 cfs. However, this combination of conditions is ---PAGE BREAK--- 5 expected to occur very infrequently. Brief Description of Contributing Drainage Basin (size, dominant land use, other contributing land uses)- The drainage basin is 138 acres. As shown in Table 1, over half of the basin is commercial. The rest of the basin is a combination of High Density Residential, Low Density Residential, Open Space, and Public Facilities. Table 1. Commercial Drainage Basin Characteristics Land Use Area (acres) Percent Auto Commercial 58.6 Commercial Pedestrian Oriented Commercial 3.8 55% High Density Residential 3.0 3% Low Density Residential 42.0 37% Open Space 0.0 0% Public Facilities 5.1 5% Water Quality Concerns or Interests- The Puyallup River of the city limits (approximately two miles of outfall #14) is listed as “polluted” by fecal coliform bacteria. The fecal coliform listing is based on samples collected in 1998; however, samples collected in 2006 and 2008 did not exceed the state standards for fecal coliform. The same reach is listed as a “water body of concern” for dissolved oxygen. The reach about a third of a mile upstream h is listed as “polluted” due to elevated mercury concentrations. The City is unaware of any potential mercury source(s) in the outfall #14. ---PAGE BREAK--- 6 drainage area. Figure 1. Commercial Land Use Basin Site 2 (High Density Residential): Clarks Creek Outfall #24 Brief Description- The monitoring site is located at the outfall pipe just of the Pioneer Ave bridge crossing over Clarks Creek. This 48-inch diameter concrete pipe receives stormwater runoff from an area that contains a mix of High Density Residential, Commercial, and Low Density Residential land uses (see Figure Reason for Selection- Using the City’s original land use data no basins were found to be dominated by ---PAGE BREAK--- 7 High Density Residential land use. The City land use descriptions in the tax parcel data do not define the definition for Low Density Residential; however, using GIS analysis the average density of the Low Density Residential properties in this basin is 4-5 units per acre, which by the Ecology guidance would be defined as High Density Residential. The Pioneer Avenue drainage area was selected because it is an area of high importance due to planned economic redevelopment in the City’s downtown core. The selected sampling site will allow characterization of stormwater discharges into Clarks Creek, which has a TMDL for fecal coliform bacteria as well as sediment and dissolved oxygen concerns. Constraints- No known constraints. Brief Description of Contributing Drainage Basin (size, dominant land use, other contributing land uses)- The drainage basin encompasses 431 acres, including the right-of-way. Table 2 lists the current land use composition. As noted above, the area of High Density Residential is expected to increase as a result of the City’s economic redevelopment plan for the downtown area. The tables and figures are updated to use the Ecology, rather than City definition. Table 2. High Density Residential Drainage Basin Characteristics Land Use Area (acres) Percent Auto Commercial 3.5 Limited Commercial 2.2 Commercial Pedestrian Oriented Commercial 56.4 17% High Density Residential 198.8 56% Low Density Residential 27.5 8% Open Space 3.8 1% Public Facilities 62.8 18% Water Quality Concerns or Interests- Clarks Creek has a TMDL in place for fecal coliform. The Puyallup Tribe is developing a TMDL for dissolved oxygen in the creek. Excessive fine sediment and elodea growth are also key concerns for Clarks Creek. ---PAGE BREAK--- 8 Figure 2. High Density Residential Land Use Basin ---PAGE BREAK--- 9 Limitations The next version of the Phase II Permit may contain monitoring requirements that are substantially different from those envisioned in the current (2007) Permit. Therefore, the City may modify this plan after the next Phase II Permit has been issued. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup Future Stormwater and SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring Plan Prepared for City of Puyallup, WA December, 2010 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2 Section 1 Monitoring Overview This section provides a brief overview of the monitoring requirements that are set forth in the Washington State Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit for Western Washington (Phase II Permit). 1.1 Current Permit Monitoring Requirements The Phase II Permit regulates stormwater discharges for small municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) as established in Title 40 CFR, part 122.26. The Phase II Permit, issued in 2007 and modified in 2009, includes requirements for permittees to prepare to conduct a monitoring program in future permits. The Phase II Monitoring Program described in Section S8.C includes two types of monitoring: 1. Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) 2. Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) Effectiveness Monitoring/Targeted SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) Stormwater Monitoring (S8.C.1.a) requires permittees to identify sites suitable for monitoring stormwater discharges based on jurisdictional size and land use types, and on known water quality problems and/or targeted areas of interest for future monitoring. SWMP Effectiveness Monitoring (S8.C.1.b) requires permittees to identify questions that monitoring may answer to determine the effectiveness of specific components of their Stormwater Management Program (SWMP). The permittee must identify sites for monitoring and create monitoring plans to answer at least two effectiveness questions. This document covers effectiveness monitoring as required for S8.C.1.b; stormwater monitoring (S8.C.1.a) is described in a separate monitoring plan. 1.2 Future Permit Monitoring Requirements This monitoring plan was prepared to meet the requirements of the current (2007) Phase II Permit, as noted above. However, the next Phase II Permit, which is scheduled to be issued in 2012, may contain monitoring requirements substantially different from those envisioned in the current Permit. Thus, this monitoring plan should be regarded as tentative and subject to change based on the next Phase II Permit. In 2008, Ecology convened the Puget Sound Stormwater Workgroup (SWG) to develop a comprehensive, sustainable, stormwater monitoring strategy for Puget Sound, as well as monitoring requirements for the next municipal stormwater NPDES permits. The SWG members represent caucuses of local, state, and federal agencies, environmental and business organizations, tribes and agriculture. The SWG submitted the comprehensive strategy in July 2010 to Ecology (in a document titled 2010 Stormwater Monitoring and Assessment Strategy for the Puget Sound Region). Based on this strategy, the SWG submitted monitoring recommendations for the next NPDES Phase I and II permits on October 29, 2010, in a document titled Recommendations for Municipal Stormwater Permit Monitoring). ---PAGE BREAK--- 3 The SWG recommends that Ecology designate an independent entity to administer the stormwater- related monitoring and assessment activities in the next municipal stormwater permits. This recommendation is called the “pay-in” option. The SWG recommended receiving water monitoring rather than the outfall monitoring described in the current permits. Moreover, the SWG recommended that the regional entity (rather than by each permitee) administer the program effectiveness monitoring and focus on questions of regional significance. More information on the SWG is available at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/psmonitoring/swworkgroup.html. ---PAGE BREAK--- 4 Section 2 Targeted Stormwater Program Effectiveness Questions Phase II Permit condition S8.C.1.requires that each permittee prepare a monitoring plan to address two questions related to the effectiveness of the permittee’s stormwater management program. The monitoring plan must contain the following elements: • A statement of the question, an explanation of how and why the issue is significant to the permittee and a discussion of whether and how the results of the monitoring may be significant to other MS4s. • A specific hypothesis about the issue or management actions that will be tested. • Specific parameters or attributes to be measures. • Expected modifications to management actions depending on the outcome of hypothesis testing. The City’s proposed effectiveness questions and monitoring approach are described below. As noted above, the City understands that the next version of the Phase II Permit may contain monitoring requirements substantially different from those envisioned in the current Phase II Permit. The City may revise these effectiveness questions and/or monitoring strategies after the next Phase II Permit has been issued. Question 1- Will retrofitting alleys with porous pavement substantially reduce runoff? Problem Statement/Description: Creation of impervious surfaces has been identified as a major cause of the flooding, water pollution, and channel erosion problems that often accompany urbanization (National Academy of Sciences 2008). Porous pavement is designed to allow rainfall to infiltrate into the underlying soil, thereby minimizing surface runoff and related flooding, water pollution, and channel erosion problems. The City must devote substantial resources to meet NPDES flow and water quality control standards. Other MS4s are likely having similar issues. Hypothesis: Catchments with alleys covered by porous pavement will generate less surface runoff than catchments with alleys covered by traditional pavement. Specific parameters or attributes: The City will identify two small catchments with similar land uses, soils, and topography. The alleys in one of the catchments will be repaved using pervious material. The City will monitor runoff volumes from each catchment area and compare the results. Expected modifications: If monitoring determines that the areas with porous pavement substantially reduce runoff volumes then the City will more likely install porous pavement sections in alleys. ---PAGE BREAK--- 5 Question 2- Will installation of rain gardens in road rights-of-way substantially reduce runoff? Problem Statement/Description: Nearly all of the existing roads in Puyallup are covered with impervious pavement. In some areas, road runoff is directed to adjacent grassy areas with limited potential for flow and pollutant attenuation. Installing rain gardens in these grassy areas could increase infiltration and sedimentation, thereby reducing flow volumes and pollutant loads. Rain gardens are low-lying, vegetated depressions with absorbent soils that promote infiltration. Rain gardens are a popular form of stormwater mitigation, as they are easy retrofits for existing developments and are well suited for small sites, such as rights-of-ways. Many other MS4s use rain gardens and therefore are likely to have similar questions regarding their effectiveness in reducing runoff from road rights-of-way. Hypothesis: Catchments with rain gardens in the rights-of-way will have less runoff than catchments with grass in the rights-of-way. Specific parameters or attributes: The City will identify two small catchments with grass-covered rights-of- way and similar land uses, soils, and topography. Rain gardens will be installed he rights-of-way in one of the catchments. The City will monitor runoff volumes from each catchment area and compare the results. Expected modifications: If monitoring determines that the areas with rain gardens substantially reduce runoff volumes then the City may install more rain gardens in rights-of-ways in the City. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup Stormwater Ponds / Biofiltration Swales / Conveyances / Sediment Traps Address Plat or Site Name Parcel # Asset 1 1100 12 Ave SW Sunridge II [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 2 1200 15 Ave SW Ridgecrest DIV II [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 3 17 Ave Ct SW / 5 St SW Hillside Manor [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 4 400 15 Ave SW "Meeker Creek Ditch" City Right of Way Pond 5 2000 13 St SW Hummingbird Hill [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 6 2200 11 St Pl SW Westside Manor [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 7 3500 9 St SW Toys Us City Right of Way Bio-swale 8 3200 17 St SW Woodbridge [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 9 2200 29 Ave Ct Sw Calvert Ridge Pond B [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 10 3000 21 St SW Calvert Ridge Pond A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 11 2000 31 Ave SW Blackstone Div. 1 - Tract D [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 12 3300 19 St Pl SW Blackstone Div. 1 - Tract I [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 13 2700 21 St SW Blackstone Div. 2 - Tract B [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 14 2800 21 St SW Blackstone Div. 2 - Tract D [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 15 2300 13 St SW Pilcher Family Estates Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 16 2200 28 Ave Ct SW Eagle Heights Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 17 1900 10 St Pl SW Maple Heights [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 18 1302 33 Ave Ct SW Apple Lane [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 19 2102 9 St SW Southwest Terrace Easement on [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 20 2400 9 St SW LaGrande Station Ph 1 Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 21 500 24 Ave SW LaGrande Station Ph 2 Tract K [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 22 300 20 St Pl SW Pioneer Place II [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 23 2900 Pioner Ave SW W. Pioneer Pond City Right of Way Pond 24 900 S Fruitland Highgrove [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 25 700 16 St Pl NW Stewert Estates [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 26 1000 23 St NW Flansburg Addition TR'B' [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 27 1100 23 St NW Stewert Gardens TR [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 28 2100 5 Ave Nw Millmarr Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 29 1611 12 Ave NW Leeper Addition [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale 30 1500 Peach Park Ln NW Peach Tree Lane [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale 31 2200 N Meridian Spencer RD Bioswale [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale 32 1100 Levee Rd NW N Levee Bioswale City Right of Way Bio-swale 33 600 Levee Rd NW N Levee Bioswale City Right of Way Bio-swale 34 700 Levee Rd NW N Levee Bioswale City Right of Way Bio-swale 35 800 Levee Rd NW N Levee Bioswale City Right of Way Bio-swale 36 808 Valley Ave NW Rec Center Bioswale [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\Faclility_List_3-28-2011.xls ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup Stormwater Ponds / Biofiltration Swales / Conveyances / Sediment Traps Address Plat or Site Name Parcel # Asset 37 808 Valley Ave NW Rec Center Pond and Storm Pump [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 38 1400 Shaw Rd Janelle Estates [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 39 1700 Shaw Rd Ridge Div. 1A Easement on [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 40 1200 Shaw Rd Puyallup Highlands Phase 1 [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 41 Shaw Rd / 26 Ave SE Heritage Manor [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 42 2400 Manorwood Dr SE Manorwood West Div 1 Pond) [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 43 2300 Manorwood Dr SE Manorwood West Div 1 Pond) [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 44 1800 Brookmomnte Dr SE Kodiak Estates Div. 3 [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 45 1500 Wildwood Park Dr SE Wildwood Estates Div 1 Tract A Easement on [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 46 4000 Lp Ln The Estates at Ridge [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 47 3500 Highlands Blvd Puyallup Highlands Phase 2 Pond 48 3600 Highlands Blvd Puyallup Highlands Phase 2 Tract D [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 49 2700 Pioneer Ave SE Shaw Road Extension City Right of Way Pond 50 624 Pioneer Ave SE 7 St & E Pioneer Detention [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 51 1800 19 Ave SE Cypress Manor Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 52 800 15 St SE Hall's 2nd Addition Tract B [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 53 103 28 Ave SE Kathleen Addition Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 54 3600 15 Ave SE Ridge Div. 1A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 55 1700 34 St SE Ridge Div. 6 [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 56 1500 27 St SE Deer Creek Div. 1 [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 57 1700 24 St Pl SE Highland Heights Division 2 [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale 58 2400 18 St SE The Farms at South Hill Div. 1 [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 59 4000 19 St Pl SE Candlewood Glen Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 60 1100 39 Ave SE Corporate Yards- NW Pond [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 61 1100 39 Ave SE Corporate Yards- SE Pond [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 62 1100 25 St SE Dianes Faithful Lane Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 63 1800 18 St Pl SE Sisters Ridge Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 64 3000 20 Ave Ct SE Shaw Road Tract D [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 65 1200 23 Ave SE Wildwood Park [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 66 700 15 Ave SE Remington Ridge Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 67 3600 21 St SE Manorwood West Div 2 Tract A [PHONE REDACTED] Pond 68 2700 7 St SE Puyallup Downs Div 3 Storm Easement Bio-swale 69 2800 7St SE Bradley Lake Park - West Parking Lot [PHONE REDACTED] Pond / Bio-swale 70 3800 5 St SE 5 St SE Bio-swale [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale 71 300 43 Ave SE 43 Ave SE Bio-swale City Right of Way Bio-swale 72 531 31 Ave SE Bradley Lake Park - East Parking Lot [PHONE REDACTED] Bio-swale F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\Faclility_List_3-28-2011.xls ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup Stormwater Ponds / Biofiltration Swales / Conveyances / Sediment Traps Address Plat or Site Name Parcel # Asset 73 2000 19 St SE Stonegate Tract C [PHONE REDACTED] Pond Parks Maintains Address Plat or Site Name Asset 74 9 St / 21 Ave SW Conveyance 75 2700 12 Ave SE Sediment Trap 76 2100 - 2700 E. Pioneer Conveyance 77 2510 22 Ave Ct SE Conveyance 78 1800 - 2100 Brookmonte Dr SE Conveyance 79 2500 23 Ave SE Conveyance 80 1400 - 1900 Shaw Rd Conveyance 81 7 St / 13 Ave SE Katmandu Sediment Trap 82 1300 11 St NW Storm Filter 83 5 ST / 37 Ave SE Storm Filter 84 201 27 Ave SE Storm Filter Asset Totals Stormwater Ponds = 42 Stormwater Ponds / Biofiltration Swale Combinations = 17 Biofiltration Swale = 14 Conveyances = 6 Sediment Traps = 2 Storm Filters = 3 Total Assets = 84 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\Faclility_List_3-28-2011.xls ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Puyallup Public Works Department 333 S. Meridian Puyallup, WA 98371 Mark A. Palmer, P.E., LEED® AP P [PHONE REDACTED] F [PHONE REDACTED] [EMAIL REDACTED] March 31, 2011 Subject: Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation LID Current 2 Practices Available for this permit term: 3 Planned 3 Neighborhood Rain Garden Program: 3 Clarks Creek Riparian Habitat and Porous Maintenance 4 Porous Alley 4 Stewardship Partners/Russell Family 5 8 Ave NW LID Retrofit: th 5 Porous Shoulder Rehabilitation: 5 Silver and Meeker Creek 5 Meeker Creek Channel 6 12 Ave SE Regional Stormwater Facility: th 6 Goals and Metrics 6 Rain Garden Program 6 Porous Alley 7 Program 7 Figure 1-Current City of Puyallup "Get Disconnected" Projects 8 LID Implementation Plan 9 Barriers to LID Implementation: 9 9 Community Acceptance and Understanding: 10 I don’t like it: 10 I don’t know 10 I don’t understand 11 I can’t afford 11 Regulatory 12 Credits for 12 Fire Code Requirements 12 Vesting Laws 13 13 14 ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 LID Current Practice: The City of Puyallup adopted the 2005 Washington State Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington (2005 Manual) for all sites disturbing more than one acre. With that adoption, the ordinance and subsequent Puyallup Municipal Code (PMC) section 21.10.210 Low Impact Development (LID) encourages the employment of LID practices under the guidelines in Appendix C of Volume III of the 2005 Manual. Based on this adoption, all LID Best Management Practices (BMP) included in Appendix C can be utilized on new development and redevelopment projects within the City. The measures included are: • Permeable Pavements • Dispersion • Vegetated Roofs • Rainwater Harvesting • Reverse Slope Sidewalks • Minimal Excavation Foundations • Bioretention (Rain Gardens) One measure, which I consider LID, but is not specifically listed in Appendix C is soil amendment (soil quality). This required measure reduces surface water runoff as compared to a “classic” subdivision where soil would be stripped, the remaining inorganic soil compacted and overlain with a thin layer of soil and sod. Soil amendment, as described in BMP T5.13 Post Construction Soil Quality and Depth, is probably one of the most overlooked, least-enforced requirements of the 2005 Manual. This is unfortunate, because as the BMP T5.13’s flow control credits section alludes, there is significant surface water runoff reduction achieved by proper implementation of this BMP. Since BMP T5.13 is required under Minimum Requirement and most any site triggering the thresholds of the 2005 Manual will also trigger Minimum Requirement this should be a widely used BMP, yet I have seen very little evidence of it in the field, in the City of Puyallup or other jurisdictions. For the City, we have utilized the 1-acre exemption allowed under the Phase II permit, which, when coupled with vesting of some proposed projects, has resulted in no projects actually falling under the requirements of 2005 Manual for this reporting period. BMP T5.13’s requirements are not onerous; it only requires an 8” depth of organic compost amended soils, with an additional 4” of scarified mixing zone. This improved soil condition will not only provide significant stormwater benefits but will produce healthier plant growth which require less water, fertilizer, and pesticide. The developer ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 incentive, for those who want to avoid the cost of implementing this BMP, is an LID measure: not disturbing the vegetation and soil in the first place. Practices Available for this permit term: The City of Puyallup has an ongoing rain garden installation program, utilizing Ecology grant funds, to educate citizens about the advantages of rain garden installation. We are planning to continue this program for the short term in its current state, but hope to move to a more cost-shared, incentive-type program for rain garden installations. The ideal state would be to have citizens installing rain gardens on their own, knowing that each one they install does a little bit to help improve surface water quality. The City of Puyallup has also incorporated porous pavers into our most recent neighborhood rain garden installation on 18th St SW. The City has been encouraging private development applicants to utilize LID where possible. The Benaroya Business Park project has installed pervious concrete parking lots, and Sound Transit has utilized rain gardens at their Red Lot project for water quality treatment (but not flow control). Puyallup’s City Hall incorporates demonstration green roofs, with educational water level LEDs showing the relative depths of standard roof, 2” depth green roof and 4” depth green roof. Additionally, the roof runoff is directed to a cistern and reused for irrigation. The site also incorporates rain gardens along Meridian. While I can think of no examples of dispersion, reverse slope sidewalks and minimal excavation foundations, I believe there is no reason those measures couldn’t have been utilized in Puyallup somewhere. Planned Actions: The City of Puyallup has a number of projects planned for the 5th year of the permit. While this report requires actions that prevent stormwater impacts, I believe it is important to note actions that are intended to mitigate stormwater impacts or improve water quality through restoration efforts as well. A quick summary of planned projects is given below: Neighborhood Rain Garden Program: The City is planning to complete three additional neighborhood rain garden installations, which will include 18-24 rain gardens. We are focusing on the Clarks Creek basin because of the water quality concerns within this basin. The first installation will occur in the 6th St SW Neighborhood on May 21. In addition to the 6-8 rain gardens, we hope to install at least one porous pavement driveway. As we have continued to develop and improve this program, these events have become mini-environmental fairs. We have had the Puyallup River Watershed Council, WSU Puyallup, and the Pierce County-City of Tacoma Health Department participate with booths providing more information on water quality issues and other environmentally friendly practices. We started incorporating fish-friendly car wash demonstrations, utilizing our car wash kits at our 5th St SE event and have since continued this effort with subsequent events. At the last ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 event, we included a free home energy audit, under a grant program that was being implemented at the time. If we can work out the details, we would like to include a rain water harvesting element for this year’s event as well. For this year’s events, we are answering a perceived need to have more designers and contractors become familiar and comfortable with rain gardens, so that we can build the base. We are selecting a landscape architecture firm to work with the residents in designing their rain gardens, and also to oversee the contractor. With contractors having the larger need of the two, we are hoping to obtain one or two contractors who are willing to learn on the job about rain gardens. Our second and third events are scheduled in July and September. Our September event will likely have Ciscoe Morris broadcasting live from the site. There is a chance that EPA Region 10 may choose to have a media event at the May 21 installation event as well. Clarks Creek Riparian Habitat and Porous Maintenance Road: The project proposes relocating an existing maintenance road/pedestrian path which is immediately adjacent to Clarks Creek – within City-owned Clarks Creek Park – and relocating it 50-75 feet away from the stream and converting it to porous gravel. The project has approved funding through Ecology Capacity grant funds and is seeking additional grant funding through 4 other grant sources. The project will demonstrate LID measures of porous pavement and amended soils. The existing road will be completely removed and all the area that is currently planted with grass will have its soils amended, and a riparian planting placed in its stead. The project will also serve as a leadership example of how we would like to see other homeowners along Clarks Creek treat their riparian shorelines. This project supports both of the currently on Clarks Creek, while showing a different approach to shoreline development. Porous Alley Initiative: Kick starting this program is Ecology Capacity grant funding. The City of Puyallup spends approximately $75,000/year maintaining the 7 miles of gravel alleys within the City, which are primarily in the valley area. Besides being a recurring maintenance cost, these alleys are commonly a cause of localized stormwater ponding, which results in a high number of complaints from citizens. With the current available funding, the City hopes to install porous asphalt pavement on approximately 1,600 linear feet of alleys. We hope to include the two alleys adjacent to the 8th Ave NW LID Retrofit project as part of that total to make that neighborhood a more complete LID Retrofit neighborhood example. We anticipate that City crews will be able to conduct the excavation, geotextile placement and permeable base placement for this project. A paving contractor will be hired to install the choker course and porous asphalt. We are confident that in addition to minimizing the maintenance issues associated with gravel driveways, we will significantly improve surface water conditions through this program. We anticipate this will be an ongoing project until all alleys are converted. ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 Stewardship Partners/Russell Family Foundation: Stewardship Partners obtained a grant from the Russell Family Foundation to install rain gardens at the remaining residences and apartment complex within the 8th Ave NW LID Retrofit project. Stewardship Partners is anticipating a May date for installation of these rain gardens. In addition to the rain gardens, Stewardship Partners will be conducting a rain garden class at the WSU Puyallup campus on May 12. Finally, Stewardship Partners is proceeding with plans to install rain gardens at Karshner Elementary, near the 8th Ave NW LID Retrofit site. 8th Ave NW LID Retrofit: This project was conceived during the first rain garden project on 8th Ave NW. The project is located between 11th and 9th Streets NW on 8th Ave NW. Grant funding was officially received in February 2011, allowing final design and permit documents to be developed for a construction package. That process is now underway. The project will take a street with minimal storm drainage and a history of localized flooding due to a virtually 100% impervious right-or-way and convert it to a 100% porous right-of-way. The soils at the site, as demonstrated by the well functioning rain gardens, are well draining. The entire ROW will be redeveloped with porous asphalt road, rain gardens in the ROW, and porous sidewalks. The road will be narrower than normal City of Puyallup standards, both as a traffic calming measure but also as a principle of LID. The street will be curvilinear, also to provide some traffic calming. The stormwater system will be a belt and suspenders + second set of suspenders system. The pavement section is designed to contain the 100-year storm event. However, should it fail surface water will be directed to the adjacent rain gardens, which are also designed to contain the 100- year storm. If by chance both of those systems fail, a storm line constructed as part of the project will allow overflows from the interconnected rain gardens to enter the traditional stormwater collection system. Porous Shoulder Rehabilitation: As a pilot repair methodology, a known drainage issue at the intersection of 9th Ave NW and 11th St SW will be repaired by replacing the existing gravel shoulder with a porous gravel section similar to the pavement section below porous pavement roads. This will allow the several-hundred square foot area to readily drain into the well draining soils of the area instead of building up and crossing over the intersection. If successful, this process could be utilized in many of the valley areas of the City where similar problems occur. Silver and Meeker Creek Restoration: The Silver and Meeker Creek Riparian Restoration project is primarily a planting and maintenance project. Hundreds of trees have been planted along several thousand feet of stream bank for this project. Trees are a good non-structural stormwater feature – some jurisdictions are providing stormwater credits for planting trees, recognizing their value in that regard. The trees will also provide shade for both streams, helping cool the water and prevent undesirable weed growth. For Meeker Creek in particular, the trees ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 will make the stream less desirable for water fowl, which are major contributors to the fecal coliform issues in the stream. The project, as an ancillary benefit, is constructing soft surface trails along the riparian corridor, providing a new recreational facility for Puyallup. Meeker Creek Channel Restoration: This project is dependant upon successful acquisition of property near the confluence of Meeker Creek with Clarks Creek. Project vision includes removing Meeker Creek from its trapezoidal channel, lowering the entire site to near the normal high-water mark, and restoring a nature meander to the stream for this reach. In addition to providing flood storage, the project would provide substantial riparian habitat benefits, including significant tree plantings. As mentioned above, trees are good non-structural stormwater feature in and of themselves. We anticipate that all soils on the site would be amended per T5.13 BMP as well. 12th Ave SE Regional Stormwater Facility: This project is dependant upon successful acquisition of property near Shaw Road, and containing Deer Creek. While the primary function of the project will be as a stormwater detention facility, conceptual plan is to restore Deer Creek and associated riparian habitat within the facility. In addition to significant riparian plantings along the creek alignment, all disturbed soils will be amended per T5.13 BMP. This would include the soccer fields that are potential for design within the detention facility area, although the sand content will be higher for that use. Goals and Metrics Rain Garden Program The City of Puyallup has a well-recognized program for rain garden implementation, and is a contributor to Stewardship Partners’ 12,000 Rain Garden project through installation of our neighborhood rain gardens and collaboration on Stewardship Partners’ Russell Family Foundation grant efforts. Some of the goals of the program include: • Educate the public on stormwater and how rain gardens can help improve stormwater conditions. • Leverage rain garden events to cover many related stormwater and sustainability practices such as storm drain markings, car wash demonstrations, riparian plantings, porous driveways, natural yard care, etc. • Involve local schools in the projects, specifically targeting 5-6 grade levels. • Leverage resources through solicitation of volunteers, donations and contributions in kind. • Utilize as many forms of media as willing to spread the message to a broader audience. • Involve multiple design professionals in the program to broaden the experience base of designers knowledgeable of rain gardens and of our program. ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 • Involve multiple contractors in the construction of the rain gardens to broaden the experience base of contractors knowledgeable of rain gardens and of our program. This need is more critical than design professionals, as many designers are familiar with rain gardens, but the contracting sector is lagging. • Demystify rain garden maintenance and take fear of the unknown out of the equation. Obtain signed and recorded maintenance agreements for all rain gardens. • Promote acceptance in public right-of-ways of rain garden installations, particularly on local access roads. • Long term, transition rain garden program from 100% subsidy program, to a cost- share basis, to eventually a stormwater credit or rebate program. • Increase the number of rain gardens installed by 20-30% annually. • Track rain garden installations on the City’s GIS database. Porous Alley Initiative The City is just beginning to undertake this project. We are planning on a modest 1,600 linear feet of alleys for the first year’s program. As more funding becomes available and the program gains wider acceptance, we will hopefully ramp this program up. Goals include: • Conversion of 1,600 linear feet of currently gravel alley to porous asphalt in 2011. • Establish conversion as part of regular maintenance plan, eventually converting all 7 miles of gravel alleys to porous asphalt. • Utilize City crews for all excavation, subgrade preparation, geotextile and permeable base placement. • In normal budget years, utilize paving contract to have paver install choker course and porous asphalt. • In 2011, special contract for paver will have to be established. • Track all installations on City’s GIS database. • Add all completed projects to the City’s street sweeping schedule. Program Metrics The City is utilizing a simple, easy to understand metric and publishing the details on the stormwater section of the website. The method is not rigorously correct, but does provide an estimation of rainwater diverted from the stormwater system. A model, such as could be used to track actual water diverted from the stormwater system, but doing so would add multiple layers of complexity without adding significant value to the program’s intent. The City’s program assumes that all rain fall entering the LID BMP is diverted from the stormwater system, whether that is to groundwater or the sanitary sewer system, as is the case with a lot of rain water harvesting. Based on that assumption, the collective LID BMPs surface area is multiplied by the annual rainfall for Puyallup in feet to obtain total cubic feet of water. This number is then converted over to gallons and is the number posted on the website. We are calling our program “Get Disconnected” and details can ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 be found on the City’s website at http://www.cityofpuyallup.org/services/development- services/puyallups-stormwater-management-program/citizens-guide-to-protecting- waters/disconnected/. We arbitrarily established a goal of 9 million gallons of water diverted as our 2011 goal. With the current projects we have been able to verify, we are currently at 2.6 million gallons a year. See Figure 1 below for projects included in the current tally. If the City is able to complete all the projects planned for this coming year, we should be very close to meeting our goals, even without including any potential private development projects which may use LID measures. Development Services has been coordinating closely with Stormwater to account for LID measures being proposed in private development projects. Figure 1-Current City of Puyallup "Get Disconnected" Projects ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 LID Implementation Plan The City of Puyallup is watching the Ecology NPDES Phase II Permit reissuance process closely. It is our understanding that draft language will be forthcoming soon for the two major areas of change in the next permit: LID Implementation and water quality monitoring. The City of Puyallup has been trying to achieve as much LID implementation on a voluntary basis as it can. We have been moderately successful with this effort. It is likely that the next permit will require LID to be mandatory. However, what form this mandate will take is anyone’s guess at this point. The City is prepared to begin making proactive changes after the draft permit language has been published and a reaction to it has been made by all stakeholders. To my knowledge, the City has no plans to unilaterally adopt LID measures as mandatory at this time or prior to the permit mandating LID use. The lone exception to that may come with implementation of the Dissolved Oxygen TMDL for Clarks Creek, which has toyed with the concept of LID implementation within the Clarks Creek basin as one of its measures. Barriers to LID Implementation: Introduction The barriers to effective, widespread LID implementation are legion. This is to be expected with any new program, but some facets of LID face higher hurdles than others. I’m including a fairly list of potential barriers, but I’m sure it is by no means exhaustive. Unfortunately, in the real world of bureaucratic decision making, it only takes one “NO” from one of the regulatory, design, owner, or contractor sides to potentially kill the use of an LID BMP. I know of a case where a large rain garden was designed for a homeowner. The rain garden was a cost-effective solution because of the size of the impervious area being served and the water quality treatment that would be required by conventional means. After a less than easy approval process for the rain garden design, the owner decided that a rain garden was not for him. His excuse was that he was allergic to mosquitoes, and he couldn’t have a rain garden on his home site. This was despite the fact that the standard stormwater measures would have ponded much more water for a much longer time, and that the rain garden would be drained in less than 24 hours - too short of a timeframe for mosquito gestation. Thus, after a series of battles to gain acceptance of the rain garden from a reluctant architect, a regulatory agency that put numerous hurdles up to approval, and winning over an extremely reluctant contractor, the owner was able to veto based on misinformation. In many ways, this is a succinct description of the barriers to LID implementation. In no particular order, here are some of my observed barriers to LID implementation. Any one of these facets could apply to anyone in the major groups listed above: regulatory; designer; owner; contractor. Thus there are many ways to get to NO, but only one path to get to yes. ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 Community Acceptance and Understanding: I don’t like it: It really isn’t over simplifying it to say that some people just don’t like LID, they don’t think it works, and they just aren’t going to do it. I’ve been trying to gain acceptance of porous asphalt for well over a decade now, and I’m no longer surprised to hear people make statements like “We’ll never have porous asphalt on my streets”. Unfortunately, this kind of thought process has been coming from the very people in charge, with the ability to make decisions about changes. The obvious thing to do is to get the information out to these people so they can start seeing that these are all viable solutions to our stormwater problems. In fact, we can’t keep operating the way we have for decades because that is what got us to this position in the first place. You won’t be able to convert everybody; in fact you probably won’t even be able to convert a majority in the beginning. But the word has to be spread; status quo is no longer acceptable. Continuing education and outreach to staff, the design community, contractors and particularly politicians will help start turning this obstacle around. I don’t know it: These people aren’t aware of LID practices, are not comfortable with this new way of addressing stormwater, and generally are afraid of the unknown. On this front I think we are beginning to make headway. With the help of the Puget Sound Partnership and WSU, regular LID training sessions are being held for design and construction professionals at the WSU Puyallup campus. UW also has an LID course. The demand for training is great however, and I have heard that this year’s WSU LID Technical Workshops have sold out already – months in advance of the actual classes. The demand is definitely there, and there is indication that we are not keeping up with the supply end. LID practice is a shifting target. Curtis Hinman is working on revising the Rain Garden Handbook based on some of the lessons he is learning at the WSU Puyallup facility. We have been constantly revising and updating the porous asphalt specifications and process. New certification programs for pervious concrete installers have been initiated. A critical mass is developing with the design community. What is currently lagging is regulatory-agency and construction-contractor knowledge about LID implementation. Those areas will need attention. Regulatory agencies need to know the critical aspects of LID implementation so that they don’t over-regulate the practices out of fear or ignorance. A firm grasp of the BMP will allow sound judgment on what really matters in design and in the field. Contractors need to have experience installing LID. Contractors can’t make money installing things they don’t know how to do, and thus can’t do efficiently. This is part of the basis of Puyallup’s rain garden program change. We want to give more contractors the chance to learn how to do this work in a low-risk environment and begin deepening the talent pool. Based on my experience, the talent pool is pretty shallow as of now. ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 I don’t understand it: These people are aware of LID techniques but have not yet been fully exposed to its practice. In the regulatory arena, this results in overly cumbersome and difficult regulations required to implement LID BMPs. Unfortunately, when this bumps up against the designer who doesn’t know it or the owner who doesn’t like it, the hurdle becomes a decision point in favor of the status quo. It is easier to do what is familiar and “normal” than venture out into a new area; thus, conventional ideas win. In the case of an owner, I don’t understand it is no better than I don’t like it if the owner is not willing to be educated. This situation occurred in a large parking lot project in Puyallup that held a prime opportunity for porous pavement, but the owners didn’t understand the BMP. For designers, if they don’t understand it, they won’t design it. Most designers have developed experience with standard BMP practices which has come at a cost. They are not willing to proceed with additional expense when there is a standard BMP practice available as an option. I have been reaching out to private development when sites which would benefit from LID practices are in the development stages to try to educate designers and owners on the benefits of LID, and try to have them incorporate LID into their designs. I have not had significant success in this arena as of now. Ecology, Puget Sound Partnership and others can help with the I don’t understand its, as well as the many other efforts underway. Some of the ways the current programs can be improved is by providing more specific guidelines on BMP requirements and assistance on how to design, maintain, and inspect these facilities. Specific sources are helpful, such as: where I can obtain compost that would be suitable for bioretention facilities; how do I inspect and test for porous pavements; and what reasonable requirements, that can be enforced locally without special testing or equipment, can be utilized to verify proper design and construction of BMPs? I can’t afford it: There is a common misconception in the community at large that LID measures are more expensive. This is basically a subset of the groups above. Generally speaking, most LID measures, when properly designed and constructed and compared accurately to the alternative design are, at least, cost neutral. In many cases, particularly if using the current 2005 Manual detention standard, LID will come out far more cost effective. For example, if porous pavements and rain gardens were used to completely infiltrate a site’s stormwater, the additional cost of porous pavement section to standard pavement section will be 50-75% more. The porous option, however, does not require catch basin, conveyance pipes, control structures, water quality treatment system, land for a detention basin (which might be several lots for forested vs developed), fencing, maintenance roads, etc. Ultimately, maintenance costs for some of these systems will also be less than their alternatives. Porous asphalt, for example, does not need to be chip sealed every 7 years to lengthen its life span and its maintenance is nothing more than vacuum sweeping – which every jurisdiction should be including in their stormwater program. As with many of the above issues, some education is underway, and is whittling away at the ignorance of life cycle costs of LID. No matter ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 how much training, education and examples are put out there; some will be late adopters no matter what we do. Regulatory Barriers: Credits for LID Appendix C of the current 2005 Manual does not allow credits commensurate with actual performance of LID BMPs. For example, porous pavements, if utilized on a private project, will only receive a 50% credit for flow reduction. Apparently the philosophy behind this reduced requirement is that private owners will not effectively maintain their pavement and it will become less effective at reducing volume. When the odds are so stacked against voluntary implementation of LID practices, this disincentive makes it highly unlikely that private developers will proceed with this option. Flow modeling credits that more accurately reflect that actual performance of LID measures need to be included in the Manual. Doug Beyerlein recently provided the table of modeling results below relating to LID measures. WWHM4 LID Modeling Modeler: Seattle LID Results LID Precip (in) PET (in) Ratio: Drainage to LID Area LID Runoff (in) LID AET (in) LID Infiltration (in) Annual Vol Reduction Lateral Flow Dispersion 38.11 23.27 4 to 1 26.14 8.65 3.32 7% Rain Garden 38.11 23.27 10 to 1 12.90 7.29 17.92 59% Grass Bioswale 38.11 23.27 4 to 1 18.35 8.50 11.26 28% Bioretention 38.11 23.27 10 to 1 16.23 9.11 12.77 45% Permeable Pavement 100% 38.11 23.27 1 to 1 0.56 3.52 34.03 98% Permeable Pavement 50% 38.11 23.27 2 to 1 4.08 5.49 28.54 87% Green Roof 38.11 23.27 1 to 1 24.26 13.85 0.00 22% Fire Code Requirements One of the tenants of LID site planning is to make as little impervious surface as possible. One of the ways to do this is simply not to create as much paved area. Current fire codes, as implemented in Puyallup and many other jurisdictions, require very wide pavement sections for roads. Typical street widths in Puyallup are around 38 feet, in part, due to fire code requirements. Intuitively, with very wide streets, the right-of-way needs to be even wider to accommodate curb, gutter, sidewalk and any planting strip envisioned. Eventually you come up with the standard 60 foot or more standard right-of- way. This standard creates a lot of public land with almost all of it being impervious. Also, it makes cities less dense by utilizing large sections of land for the transportation grid which could have been used for housing or buildings. Dense development is ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 sustainable development: it prevents urban sprawl and loss of rural farmland by maximizing the utilization of already urbanized areas. It is also efficient use of resources. Keeping development compact can allow much less infrastructure to support the same number of people in a less dense development. Hopefully, once development reaches a critical mass, mass transit becomes viable, personal automobiles become less of a necessity, and walking can become a reasonable form of transportation for many daily activities. Narrower streets can become a part of this vision of a more sustainable future. Arterials, collectors and other higher volume streets should maintain the configuration they currently enjoy, but local streets and cul-de-sacs should be examined for opportunities to make them narrower than current fire codes will allow. In the classic grid road system, multiple points of access for each structure via streets and alleys, should allow for acceptable safety conditions and narrower streets. Vesting Laws LID for new construction and redevelopment will not fix practices of the past 150 years, but it has even less of chance of making a significant difference with the current vesting laws. Developers need assurance that the target won’t move during the process of permitting and constructing their project. However, in practice, developers rush to get vested in a project, even if they were not planning on building immediately. They then sit on the permits for as absolutely long as they can or until economic conditions are good for the project. With state laws allowing 5 years to complete a plat, with up to 3 one-year extensions, projects can actually be constructed up to 10 years later under rules predating that. An example of this from the land use perspective, is the outskirts of Orting, which is zoned rural in Pierce County zoning, but is almost entirely moderate density single- family housing due to vested developments which beat the deadline for the 1995 Comprehensive Plan update. Similarly, we can now expect many projects to develope over the next 10 years that will not comply with the 2005 Manual because they were vested before January 16, 2009 or were under 1 acre for those jurisdictions utilizing the exemption. It would make sense for the time line to be shorter AND to require that consistent progress be made towards finalizing construction of the project. For most projects, 3 years would be a reasonable amount of time. To anticipate one of the objections, that we would be discouraging development, I would say quite the contrary. For projects that are viable and ready to go, you are encouraging them strongly to get it done now lest you have to stop, redesign and resubmit under new regulations. Environmental Currently, many LID BMPs are prohibited from use in areas with high ground water tables or poor soils. Rain gardens, for instance, have a 3 foot separation requirement from high ground water for larger systems. This requirement appears to neglect the water quality treatment provided through the soil/root media of the rain gardens ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 themselves. Guidance for permeable pavements has been similar, although I believe the LID committee finally recommended that ground water could be within a foot of bottom of the pavement section. Again, recognition of the treatment capabilities of the pavement section itself appears to be neglected. The efforts of the LID Program at WSU Puyallup will hopefully be addressing these issues with their experiments and studies. In the meantime, these potentially excessive restrictions on LID use will likely restrict application of LID BMPs in areas where they would ultimately be beneficial. When studies from other areas indicate effective water quality treatment through these systems AND we know the status quo is the path to more pollution, we should error in favor of the systems which are most likely to help us. While I’ve listed this as an environmental concern, ultimately it is a regulatory one. Most jurisdictions have adopted the 2005 Manual, including the LID Appendix. With the LID practice being so fluid, Ecology must find a way to keep Appendix C updated on a frequent basis until the state of the art stabilizes somewhat. The current version of Appendix C, I believe, has been amended at least once since its publication, but is still behind the recommendations of the LID committee. Conclusions Two years ago, when I was still a member of the City of Puyallup’s Planning Commission, I would not have thought I would come to this conclusion. I was pretty firm in my belief that we were not ready to make LID mandatory. There are still many questions to answer, and the practice of LID is in flux. Nonetheless, we have more than reasonable assurance through studies and experience in other parts of the world that LID practices are beneficial to stormwater and should be adopted. After taking a look at the obstacles to implementing LID, I don’t think LID will ever be able to make any in roads on storm water quality and quantity unless it is mandated. Realizing that new construction and redevelopment alone will not correct our current deficiencies, retrofitting needs to be a key goal as well. Until LID becomes the norm rather than the exception, we will be fighting an uphill battle. LID needs to be adopted by public works departments, looking at failing roads as an opportunity to retrofit to porous pavements instead of chip seals and overlays. Narrower roads can allow for rain garden installations within existing right-of-ways. A large portion of our impervious surface within the Puget Sound basin is public roads (the City of Puyallup alone has 150 miles of streets or around 620 acres of impervious surface). LID retrofits of public roads needs to become the rule. Finally, a large amount of time was spent last year on determining what “where feasible” meant in LID implementation. I understand that my opinion will be regarded as naïve and disregarding political reality, but quite practically, if new construction or development occurs, unequivocally some form of LID can be implemented regardless of soil, slope or type of project. Green roofs can be installed on any building, soils can be amended with organics in any disturbed area, and rain water harvesting can occur anywhere stormwater is generated. I believe that LID should be mandated to the maximum extent possible, up to 100% retention of stormwater on site. Specific BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- Low Impact Development (LID): Current Practice and Barriers to Implementation March 31, 2011 may not be suitable to a every site, but other BMPs should be implemented in their place, with the universal three above utilized if no other BMPs can be effectively implemented on the site. The goal should be 100% retention of stormwater on site, with no further LID BMPs required once 100% is acheived. Otherwise, all available BMPs would be utilized to the maximum extent until all available BMPs are exhausted. Respectfully Submitted, Mark A. Palmer, P.E., LEED® AP Stormwater Engineer, City of Puyallup ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.3 Part 3 4(d) Application for Individual Agency OVERVIEW T he Regional Road Maintenance Endangered Species Act Program (“Regional Program”) consists of the following three parts: • Part 1: Regional Program Elements. • Part 2: Best Management Practices. • Part 3: 4(d) Application for Individual Agency. Part 1 of the Regional Program describes the ten program elements along with the goals and outcomes of the program. Part 2 of the Regional Program contains Best Management Practices (BMPs) that require more detailed, site-specific information than routine BMPs, which are presented in Part 1. Part 3 of the Regional Program is an Application for Individual Agencies. Under the Regional Program, each agency must prepare a Part 3 Application. The Part 3 Application is presented in a “plug-and-play” format that allows applicants to “plug” into Parts 1 and 2 of the program to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. National Marine Fisheries Service/United States Fish and Wildlife Services (the Services) will review and approve each agency’s Part 3 Application. Before submittal to the Services, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs (H&LP) or the Regional Program will screen Part 3 Applications for compliance with the Regional Program. Each agency will submit a Part 3 Application to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. For more information on the Part 3 Application review see Element 2, Program Review and Approval, in Part 1 of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines (Guidelines). The Part 3 Application Process is shown on the following pages. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.4 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 Continued on Next Page Contact Regional Forum Agency Prepares and May Submit to Regional Forum* Part 3 Application Agency Incorporates Comments Agency Submits Application Application Reviewed for Program Consistency and Submitted to Services Yes No Sufficient? Yes No Compliance? ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.5 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 continued Yes No Services Evaluate Compliance? Biological Review and/or Assessment Required? No Services Grant Approval Yes Full Compliance with Regional Program Services Review Exceptions Exceptions Negotiated on Individual Agency Basis Services Grant Approval Yes No Services Approval Process Part 3 Denied Part 3 Denied Agency Prepares Biological Review and/or Assessment of Exceptions Program Exceptions Acceptable? ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.6 T his part of the Guidelines is a model for filling out your application. It allows applicants to agree to meet Parts 1 and 2 of the program— effectively creating a plug-and-play into Regional Program—by completing the examples provided in each section. If desired, your agency can also use the application to propose and explain procedural exceptions from the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application has the following four sections. • Section 1: Letter of Commitment. This section is a letter of commitment requesting the Services to approve plug-and-play for an agency to use Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program to receive a a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 2: Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2. This section contains the ten program elements in the Regional Program. Agencies must commit to complying with all Regional Program elements at both the regional and local levels to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 3: General Procedures. This section contains the general procedures of an agency. It outlines organizational structure and processes for maintenance selection, BMP selection and implementation, checklists, and adaptive management. • Section 4: Exceptions from the Regional Program. This section contains any exceptions from the Regional Program including the following: - Any agency programs not included in the Regional Program. - Any deviations. - Any additional maintenance categories not listed in Part 1 of the Guidelines. - Checklist process(es) if they differ from those in the Guidelines. - Any additions or changes outside of the Guidelines. How to Use Part 3 of the Guidelines ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.7 To adopt the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines without changes, any agency can use the examples in each of the four sections to develop their submittal. By inserting the agency’s name in place of “(Agency)”, applicants can directly create a Part 3 Application submittal. Each section in the Part 3 Application gives instructions for filling in the information. Or if your agency wishes to add to the Regional Program or to use a maintenance category other than those in the Guidelines, those exceptions from the program must be included and highlighted in Section 4 of your Part 3 Application. Agencies that are unfamiliar with the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines or the Part 3 Application process should attend a Regional Forum meeting. The Regional Forum can help applicants better understand the Regional Program and the Part 3 Application process. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.8 T he Part 3 Application components are outlined below. Each of the four sections of the application gives italicized instructions and clearly marked boldface areas for you to insert the name of your agency. Inserting your agency’s name and submitting the Part 3 Application means you agree to the Regional Program without changes. If your agency wishes to develop their own Part 3, you must highlight those areas you wish to include or exclude from the Regional Program. PART 3 APPLICATIONS HAVE FOUR SECTIONS The following is a detailed listing of what you must provide in each of the four sections of the Part 3 Application. Instructions and examples are on the following pages: Section 1: Letter of Commitment to Implement the Regional Program 1. Complete Letter of Commitment to NMFS 2. Complete Letter of Commitment to USFWS Section 2: Commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program 1. Commit to regional action 2. Commit to local action Section 3: General Procedures Provide the following information: 1. Organizational structure. 2. Maintenance activity or project selection process. 3. BMP selection and implementation process. 4. Checklist process. 5. Internal adaptive management process. Section 4: Exceptions from the Regional Program 1. Describe any elements not included in the Regional Program. 2. Describe any deviations from the Regional Program. 3. Describe additional maintenance categories not listed in Parts 1 or 2 of Guidelines. 4. Provide an Agency-specific checklist. 5. Provide other additions or changes. Part 3 Application ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.9 (Example of letter to National Marine Fisheries Service) Instructions: • This is a formal letter request to commit your agency to implement the Regional Program. • Fill in both letters. • Submit letter to each of the Services. Section 1 (Agency) Letter of Commitment to Implement the Regional Program Date Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Name) National Marine Fisheries Service - NW Region, Regional Administrator 7600 Sandpoint Way NE Seattle, WA 98115 Subject: (Agency) Commitment to Implement the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Dear Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Contact Name): This letter serves as a letter of commitment from the (Agency) to the National Marine Fisheries Service that the (Agency) will implement the measures, and abide by the commitment made in this Part 3 Application. In addition, we will work closely with National Marine Fisheries Service as we evaluate and adjust the routine Road Maintenance ESA Program through adaptive management. The (Agency) is committed to being a partner in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Part of this commitment is identifying and implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize potential environmental impacts associated with Road Maintenance activities. The accompanying Part 3 Application represents the minimization and avoidance measures identified for routine road maintenance activities. The (Agency) will participate as an active member of the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will implement the program outlined in this Part 3 Application. If you need additional information, or have any questions, please feel free to contact (Agency Official) at Sincerely, (Title Block) Enclosure ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.10 (Example of letter to United States Fish & Wildlife Service) Date Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Name) United States Fish & Wildlife Service 510 Desmond Drive; Suite 102 Lacey WA 98503 Subject: (Agency) Commitment to Implement the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Dear Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Contact Name): This letter serves as a letter of commitment from the (Agency) to the United States Fish & Wildlife Service that the (Agency) will implement the measures, and abide by the commitment made in this Part 3 Application. In addition, we will work closely with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as we evaluate and adjust the routine Road Maintenance ESA Program through adaptive management. The (Agency) is committed to being a partner in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Part of this commitment is identifying and implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize potential environmental impacts associated with Road Maintenance activities. The accompanying Part 3 Application represents the minimization and avoidance measures identified for routine road maintenance activities. The (Agency) will participate as an active member of the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will implement the program outlined in this Part 3 Application . If you need additional information, or have any questions, please feel free to contact (Agency Official) at Sincerely, (Title Block) Enclosure ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.11 Instructions: • This is a commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program. There are ten program elements in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Agencies must comply with each of the ten program elements to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. Each element has a regional action and a Local action component. • If your agency wishes to comply with the elements in Section 2 without changes, insert the agency’s name in place of the boldface and italics “(Agency)”. These paragraphs meet the minimum requirements as stated in the Regional Program. • If your agency proposes exceptions to the Regional Program, these exceptions will need to be defined for both the Regional level and your Local level in section 4 for of the Part 3 Application. The following are the ten elements of the Regional Program (see Guidelines) Element 1. Regional Forum: A Regional Forum has been created from participating agencies. The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for program discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. Regional Action The (Agency) Director or designee will be appointed as the Regional Forum member, representing the department. The appointed member shall have the knowledge, authority, and maintenance technical expertise in the field, to discuss, coordinate, and participate in adaptive management of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The member will have the maintenance knowledge and technical expertise to review the Regional Program, review adaptive management results, recommend program changes, request funding, and brief policy makers for their review and approval of the program. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum, committee discussions, and activities as they pertain to the Regional Program. Local Action The (Agency) will develop a (Agency) ESA team that meets regularly. The team will consist of assigned maintenance and operation supervisors and maintenance environmental personnel. The (Agency) team will Section 2 (Agency) Commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.12 implement the Regional Program, develop and update the (Agency) Part 3 application for (Agency) manager’s review and approval. The team will also coordinate development and implementation of the (Agency) Part 3, which includes review, discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. The team will recommend program changes that evolve from adaptive management to improve the regional program and the (Agency) program. The team will prepare a quarterly Adaptive Management report for the Regional Forum meetings. This report will provide an overview of the implementation of the program. The Adaptive Management report will also recommend potential revisions to the Regional Program based on new information. Element 2. Program Review and Approval: The program review and approval process will require that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. Each agency’s Part 3 Application will be reviewed by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Program (H&LP) or the Regional Forum, to ensure that all ten program elements are included in the Part 3 Application. The Services will issue final approval for each agency. Regional Action: The Regional Forum has developed, in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) H&LP, and with the approval of the Services, a process for road maintenance Part 3 Application review. This review and approval process serves as an agency’s commitment to comply with the approved program (Part 1 and Part The (Agency), as part of the Regional Forum, will work with WSDOT H&LP or the Regional Forum and the Services in the evaluation of the process for reviewing local agency Part 3 Applications as they relate to the Regional Program. Local Action: The (Agency) team will work to develop the (Agency)’s Part 3 Application,- and implement the Regional Program. The team will review the following documents: letter of commitment, commitment to the ten program elements, organization structure, activity selection process, selecting/ implementing the BMP process, the checklist process, and any local program exceptions from the regional program. The team will review the Part 3 application to ensure it meets the requirements of the Regional Program. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.13 Element 3. Training: Courses will include the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit, maintenance BMPs, and monitoring work activities. The WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, and University of Washington or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program, in conjunction with the Regional Forum, will develop a curriculum for training of road maintenance employees in the implementation of the Regional Program. The curriculum may be taught by T2 instructors, WSDOT Trainers, or other trainers that have passed the train-the-trainer course. Regional Action: The Regional Forum has, in cooperation with the WSDOT T2 Center, University of Washington, or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program, developed a program for formal training of road maintenance employees in the implementation of the regional program. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to Program Element 3 training activities. The (Agency) may participate in the training committee, working with WSDOT (T2), the University of Washington (TRANSPEED) or WSDOT to develop and implement training curriculum as outlined in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The (Agency) will support an adaptive management approach to training by reviewing course curriculum and proposing changes to incorporate new information into the program. Local Action The (Agency) will require maintenance employees to attend training courses relevant to their position within the organization as courses are developed and become available. New maintenance employees will be trained on relevant Regional Program courses within a reasonable amount of time. The (Agency) team will review and recommend updates to the Regional Program training through adaptive management activities by reviewing course curriculum and implementation of the training program. Element 4. Compliance Monitoring: Compliance monitoring will take place at a number of levels: local agency supervisory staff and local, state and federal agency permitting authorities evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. Each local jurisdiction will establish a formal compliance monitoring program for monitoring BMP implementation and monitoring that takes place as part of various research projects. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.14 Regional Action: The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum to review the compliance monitoring activities as they pertain to the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The Regional Forum process includes program implementation, adaptive management, planning process, performance assessments process, outcome assessments process and coordination with resource agencies. Local Action The (Agency) team will review implementation of the (Agency)’s program and through adaptive management recommend changes to the program if needed. The team will conduct planning meetings with environmental staff to identify maintenance activities, permits, BMPs, and in-water work requirements. The team will conduct performance assessments on selected BMPs. Performance assessment will involve site visits with environmental staff, supervisors, or resource agencies through the permit process. Monitoring will be done on a routine basis by crew leads, supervisors, maintenance inspectors, or environmental staff. Monitoring may include adequacy of BMPs, development or implementation of checklists, review of implemented BMPs, and their effectiveness. The team will evaluate BMP implementation and, through adaptive management, evaluate performance. The team will then review new information on BMPs and develop recommendations for incorporation in the Regional Program. Element 5. Scientific Research: Case studies in the field, as well as literature review done by others, are included in this program element. The scientific research element will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs and to recommend changes to BMPs based on the latest technologies. Regional Action: The Regional Forum is a meeting for cooperative research, professional maintenance interaction, information sharing and adaptive management. The research to be performed by the Regional Forum will be specific to road maintenance activities to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs used within the road maintenance right-of-way. Case studies and literature review may be performed both locally and regionally. The information gained may be shared through the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to scientific research activities and shared experiences. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.15 Local Action The (Agency) Team will analyze specific road maintenance BMPs and jointly work with or support development of a research committee. Element 6. Adaptive Management: The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring elements are the basis for adaptive management. Regional Action: The Regional Forum provides a forum for adaptive management of the Regional Program. Adaptive management will apply to all elements of the Regional Program. Compliance monitoring, BMP effectiveness monitoring, review of the Regional Program, and scientific research shall provide some of the basis for adaptive management. Information gained from these elements, will be shared at the Regional Forum to provide the basis for adaptive management decisions. Adaptive management will allow new information and science based technology to be incorporated into recommended changes to the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to adaptive management. Local Action: The (Agency) team will implement the program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines and apply adaptive management to the ten program elements. The team will implement a compliance monitoring effort to evaluate the effectiveness of selected BMPs used within program activities. The team will discuss BMPs as part of their routine meetings and make recommendations on incorporating new information, and changes to the Regional Forum. Element 7. Emergency Response: This element provides a framework under which road maintenance agencies can operate during emergencies. Regional Action: Regional Program includes guidance on emergency response for road maintenance agencies. Emergency response is defined as actions undertaken to avoid imminent threat to public health and safety, public or private property, or prevent an imminent threat of serious environmental degradation. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.16 The (Agency) will participate in Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to emergency response activities. Local Action The (Agency) will respond to emergency road maintenance situations and stabilize the situation. Sites will be reviewed with regulatory agencies (as required), and appropriate permits applied for following site stabilization. The (Agency) will develop a phone tree for resource contacts to be called during an emergency response. Where possible the emergency maintenance activities will employ the same BMPs as routine maintenance activities. Element 8. Biological Data Collection: This element includes habitat location information within the right-of-way and development of a process to train and alert staff where these guidelines need to be utilized. Regional Action: The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to the biological data collection process and share experiences or actions encountered. Local Action: The (Agency) team will work to identify aquatic habitat locations to make BMP decisions within the road maintenance right-of-way. The team will develop a process and train staff when and where to apply the BMPs. Element 9. Biennial Reports: The Regional Forum will provide biennial (every two years) reports to the Services. Biennial reports will include a review of the ten program elements, updates on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates to the program elements. Regional Action: As a member of the Regional Forum, the (Agency) will participate in providing the Services biennial reports on the progress of the ten program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. This report will include a status report and updates on each program element, review of the training program, review of scientific research, review program implementation, and implementation of adaptive management, including recommended changes. The Services will be provided a copy of the quarterly newsletter. The biennial report will be provided to others upon request. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.17 Local Action: The (Agency) will provide quarterly and biennial report to the Regional Forum for use in compiling its biennial report on implementation of the Regional Program. This report will address implementation and progress of the (Agency)’s Part 3 Application and activities as they relate to the implementation of the ten program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. Element 10. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Conservation Outcomes: BMPs and desired conservation outcomes have been developed for road maintenance activities. The Regional Forum will annually review and update the BMPs. Local agencies and the Services will review whatever changes the Regional Forum recommends for adoption. Regional Action: The Regional Forum will provide a forum for review and update of the BMPs, and the development of a training program outlined in Program Element 3. The Regional Forum will evaluate the training program and through adaptive management recommend changes to incorporate new information as needed. The (Agency) may participate in the Regional Forum discussions and activities as they pertain to the Regional Program. Local Action: The (Agency) team will implement the Regional Program. As the training program is developed and made available, the training program will be implemented. The team will develop a decision process to identify when environmental staff is to be consulted. The implementation of Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes, will be reviewed and updated annually. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.18 Section 3 (Agency) General Procedures Instructions: • Complete this section by providing the following materials on your agency’s general procedures: Instructions for each subsection will guide you through this section. GENERAL PROCEDURES MATERIALS 3a Organizational Structure 3b Maintenance Activity/Project Selection Process • Classification responsible for making decisions • Biological oversight/support 3c Selecting/Implementing the BMP Process 3d Checklist Process 3e Internal Process for Adaptive Management 3a (Agency) Organizational structure Instructions: • This is a commitment to identify staff participating in the Regional Program • Complete this section by including your organizational structure for road maintenance activities. The organizational structure will help your agency define who is covered under the Regional Program. 3b (Agency) Maintenance Activity/Project Selection and Authorization Process Instructions: • This is a commitment to a maintenance activity/project selection and authorization process. As you develop your process you may use this framework as a guide. • The boldface items are the key components your need to define for your process. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.19 Input for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Management Team • Customer Request • Inspection • Environmental Planner/Permit Coordinator Selection for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Directors • Superintendent • M & O • Supervisors Conceptual Planning for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Design Engineers/Consultant • Superintendent • M & O • Supervisors Budget for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to the following: • Director • Superintendent Schedule for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Superintendent • Supervisor ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.20 Environmental Support for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Environmental Planner/Permit Coordinator • In House • USFWS • NMFS • WDFW • Consultants 3c (Agency’s) BMP Selection and Implementation Process Instructions: • This is your agency’s commitment to a BMP Selection and Implementation Process. • If you are planning to use the Guidelines without changes, the following sample checklist matches that of the Regional Program. • If you develop a different process, it must be outlined in Section 4 of this Part 3 Application. Regional Program BMP Selection and Implementation Process • Use checklists in Appendix D of the Guidelines or develop and use your own checklists as defined in Section 4 of your Part 3 Application. • Become familiar with the Guidelines. • Identify the “Maintenance Category (ies)” to be performed and BMP categories. • Define the activity, scope and limits. • Conduct a site visit. • Review the BMP options. • List those BMPs (both part 1 and Part2) applicable to the Maintenance Category or Categories. • Select the BMP(s) that will meet the desired outcome. • Secure permits. • Prepare a maintenance sequence and/or schedule. • Conduct a pre-maintenance/pre-construction meeting to go over the ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.21 activity, roles and responsibilities, and BMP(s) installation, monitoring/ maintenance, and removal. • Gather the necessary crew(s), equipment and material. • Implement the BMP(s) by following the Guidelines’ instructions, permits or plans. • Ask for help (if required). 3d Checklist Process Instructions: • This is a commitment to use a checklist process in your agency. • If you are planning to use the Guidelines without changes, use the following sample checklists from the Regional Program. • If you develop a different process, it must be outlined in this section under a heading “Your Checklist Process” and in section 4 of this Part 3 Application. 3d Activity or BMP Planning and Selection Checklist 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is Environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in the work area or activity impact area? (If yes, contact environmental support staff or WDFW.) 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMP(s) from Part 1 & 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward. 11. Prepare construction or maintenance sequence (including installation, monitoring, maintaining and removing BMP(s)). ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.22 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or a pre-construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. 3d Pre-Construction or Pre-Maintenance Meeting Checklist 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (including installation, monitoring, maintaining and removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles and responsibilities of personnel and agencies related to aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). 3d Activity or BMP Installation, Monitoring, Maintaining and Removal Checklist 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.23 3e Internal Process for Adaptive Management Instructions: • This is a commitment to use an adaptive management process in your agency. • If you are planning to plug into the Guidelines without changes, use the following adaptive management framework. (See the Guidelines). • If you develop a different adaptive management process, it must be outlined in this section and listed in section 4 of this Part 3 Application. (Agency) staff will participate in the Regional Forum, described in Part 1 of the Regional Program Guidelines. (Agency) will develop a team in which information and experiences can be shared and reviewed to improve the implementation of the Regional Program. The team will do the following: • Share information. • Review and evaluate the implementation progress of each Regional Program element. • Gather and analyze information in order to develop and implement alternatives to correct unproductive BMP(s). • Review and evaluate new information for possible incorporation into the Program. • Any Program modifications will be reviewed/approved by (Agency) policy makers. The figure on the next page shows the local agency adaptive management process: ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.24 Agency Adaptive Management Figure 11 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY Pre-Activity Evaluation Evaluate • BMP Outcome • Conservation Outcome Maintenance Activity Maintenance Activity Conduct Work Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work Select BMP Take Action to Avoid Impacts (most of the time) Minimize if Unable to Completely Avoid Impacts (rare occasion) Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work If Problem Occurs Adaptive Management Recommend Modifications to Part 1 and or Part 2 of Guidelines Discuss at Local ESA Team Meeting Regional Forum • Install BMPs Pre-Activity Evaluation Maintenance Activity Adaptive Management 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.25 Section 4 Exceptions from Regional Program Instructions: • Any exceptions to the Regional Program may require a full program review and negotiation. The Services will determine the level of review. This review could include any or all of the following: - Biological review. - Negotiations with the Services. - Public notice. - Comment period. • Highlight any changes or additions to the Regional Program under the proper headings below: - If agency has no exceptions indicate so under 4E. GENERAL PROCEDURES 4a Describe any local program elements not included in the Regional Program. 4b Describe any deviations from the Regional Program. 4c Additional Maintenance Categories/Activities, not listed in Parts 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 4d Agency-specific checklists, if different from those in Part 1 of the Guidelines. 4e Other additions or changes. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.26 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- Regional Road Maintenance Endangered Species Act Program Guidelines developed by: Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group ---PAGE BREAK--- The Guidelines are available at: http://www.metrokc.gov/roadcon/bmp/pdfguide.htm developed by: Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group ---PAGE BREAK--- i Introduction BACKGROUND I n May 1999, the federal government listed the Puget Sound chinook salmon as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In December 1999, the bull trout was also listed as “threatened” in the coterminous United States, including the Puget Sound region. In response to these listings, local governments in the Puget Sound area formed a coalition, known as the “Tri-County ESA Response Effort,” to implement programs to conserve listed species. The Tri-County ESA Response Effort identified several government agency program areas with the potential to contribute to conservation of the listed species. Road maintenance is one of these programs. Under the Tri-County Response Effort, the Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group—a team of local road maintenance managers and technical staff—was formed. The mission of the Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group was to develop a road maintenance program that would contribute to the conservation of salmonids and other fish species and would meet federal agencies’ requirements under Section 4(d) of the ESA (see below). At the same time the Tri-County effort was getting underway, WSDOT was beginning to develop its own road maintenance program, with the same goals as the Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group. The Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group quickly expanded to include counties and cities outside the Tri-County area. WSDOT also became an active and vital member of the group. The group was renamed the Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group to reflect the growing interest and participation in the program. In the fall of 2001, after two years of collaborative effort developing the Regional Program and the WSDOT road maintenance program, WSDOT decided to formally consider their program part of the Regional Program. This decision expanded the Regional Program to include the entire State of Washington. Section 4(d) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) administers the ESA as to salmon and other species that spend the majority of their life history in marine waters. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) administers the ESA as to terrestrial species, birds, and species that spend the majority of their life history in freshwater, such as bull trout. These federal Services follow separate procedures to apply Section 4(d) of the ESA. ---PAGE BREAK--- ii Section 4(d) of the ESA grants the Secretaries of Interior and Commerce (and by delegation the USFWS and NMFS) broad administrative discretion to promulgate regulations that are necessary and advisable to provide for the conservation of threatened species. Section 4(d) also confers upon the Secretaries, and thus upon the NMFS and USFWS (the Services), discretion to apply to a threatened species any or all of the prohibitions against “take”1 that automatically apply to endangered species via ESA Section 9. USFWS has implemented a standing prohibition on the take of threatened species (codified at 50 CFR 17.31(a)) under Section 4(d) of the ESA. In other words, take prohibitions automatically apply when the USFWS lists a species as threatened, such as the bull trout. NMFS does not have a standing prohibition on take. Instead, NMFS uses its authority under Section 4(d) to adopt protective regulations on a species-by-species basis. NMFS’ protective rules usually incorporate ESA Section 9’s prohibition on take. However, both of the Services sometimes promulgate more detailed 4(d) rules for threatened species. • When NMFS issues a 4(d) rule, the rule may apply the Section 9(a) prohibition of “take,” but “limit” the application of that prohibition to certain activities. The decision to “limit” the take prohibition is based on a determination that such activities are already adequately regulated, or are unlikely to cause prohibited “take” if executed in a manner approved by NMFS. For example, NMFS adopted a detailed 4(d) Rule in July 2000, codified at 50 CFR 223.203. That rule prohibits take of 14 groups of salmon and steelhead (including the Puget Sound chinook) listed as threatened under the ESA, but “limits” the prohibition on take for 13 categories of activities that NMFS deemed to be sufficiently regulated or otherwise adequately protective of the species. • When USFWS promulgates a detailed 4(d) rule for threatened species, it is called a “special 4(d) rule” to distinguish it from the standing USFWS regulation prohibiting the take of threatened species. If deemed appropriate by USFWS, a special 4(d) rule may be adopted to eliminate or reduce the standing regulation’s applicability to activities that may affect a particular threatened species for which USFWS is responsible. 1Section 3 of the ESA defines “take” to include actions that “harass” or “harm” listed species. USFWS regulations further define “harass” to mean “an intentional or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to, breeding, feeding or sheltering.” USFWS regulations further define “harm” to mean “an act which actually kills or injures wildlife. Such an act may include significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding or sheltering.” (50C.F.R. §17.3). NMFS has adopted a similar definition, codified in 50 C.F.R. §222.102. ---PAGE BREAK--- iii NMFS’ 4(d) Rule for salmon and steelhead includes a “take limit” for approved road maintenance programs. In that rule, Limit 10(ii) provides that routine road maintenance activities conducted by the employees or agents of a state, county, city, or port in a manner that has been found to contribute to properly functioning condition are eligible for the limitation on the definition of “take” of threatened species. The USFWS published a “special 4(d) rule” for bull trout on November 1, 1999. It appeared in the Federal Register at Volume 64, Number 210, pages 58909-58933. That rule applies the ESA Section 9 take prohibition to bull trout, but exempts certain fishing programs, educational programs, and scientific activities from the prohibition. On the same date, USFWS published a “Notice of Intent to Prepare a Proposed Special Rule Pursuant to Section 4(d) of the Endangered Species Act for the Bull Trout.” It appeared in the Federal Register at Volume 64, Number 210, pages 58934-58936. The notice stated that USFWS is considering whether to amend the existing special rule to exempt two additional categories of other activities that may affect bull trout: habitat restoration, and other land and water management activities governed by enforceable regulations that provide substantial protection for bull trout. However, a local agency desiring a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, or “Special 4(d) Rule, and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of a biological opinion) through the USFWS, prepares a Part 3 Application for its routine road maintenance activities. The Regional Road Maintenance ESA Guidelines Among other things, Section 2(b) of the ESA states that the purpose of the ESA is to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend may be conserved, and to provide a program for the conservation of such listed species. Under ESA Section 3, “conservation” is defined as the use of all methods and procedures which are necessary to bring any endangered or threatened species to the point at which the measures provided pursuant to the Act are no longer necessary. The Services have identified habitat degradation in both freshwater and estuarine/near-shore marine environments as a major factor of decline for bull trout and listed salmonids and steelhead. When properly modified and implemented, road maintenance practices can contribute to the conservation of listed species and the ecosystems upon which they depend by protecting or restoring habitat. The Tri-County ESA Response Effort had two primary goals ---PAGE BREAK--- iv for road maintenance. The first goal was to develop a road maintenance program that would contribute to the conservation of chinook and bull trout and other listed species. The second goal was to negotiate a program the Services would deem an appropriate basis to “limit”, reduce or eliminate the prohibition on take of certain threatened species (chinook, bull trout, and other threatened species) for which they are responsible. As described above, the Services utilize different options to limit, reduce, or eliminate the prohibition on take of threatened species: • For NMFS administered species, NMFS could grant approval for a take limit for the specified road maintenance program under Limit 10 of the 4(d) Rule issued in July 2000. • For USFWS administered species, USFWS could promulgate a special 4(d) rule (or amend an existing special 4(d) rule) and/or Section 7 take exemption to reduce or eliminate certain take prohibitions that apply to the specified road maintenance program. To assist local governments in implementing the program, and to provide the Services with a thorough document against which Regional Program compliance could be evaluated, the Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group developed the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines (Guidelines). The Services and other regulatory authorities, as well as Puget Sound area tribes, environmental interest groups, and business groups, also provided input and assistance in the development of the Guidelines. The collaborative effort to develop the Regional Program was extensive. A full year of development and review of the program had been completed by July 2000. That collaborative effort continued through 2000 and 2001. Biological reviews conducted in the course of that process demonstrate that if local agencies follow the Guidelines when doing road maintenance work, they can contribute to the conservation of chinook salmon, bull trout, and other aquatic species listed under the ESA. PURPOSE The purpose of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines is to provide a consistent, Regional Program that can be used by any agency wishing to limit, reduce or eliminate the prohibition on take of threatened species under the 4(d) Rule (NMFS), special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (USFW). The Regional Program consists of the following three parts: ---PAGE BREAK--- v • Part 1: Regional Program Elements is the basic framework for the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. It includes ten program elements that make up the Regional Program. Implementation of all ten of the program elements is required for a local agency to obtain a 4(d) take limit (NMFS), special 4(d) rule, and/or a Section 7 take exemption from USFWS. • Part 2: Best Management Practices is a set of site-specific best management practices (BMPs) for road maintenance. Under the Regional Program, road maintenance, environmental, and engineering design staff can use these BMPs, in addition to routine BMPs presented in Part 1 to achieve conservation outcomes identified in the Guidelines. It is recognized that state regulations and local ordinances or site- specific permit conditions may all dictate use of specific BMPs. For that reason, Part 2 offers a menu of possible BMPs from which the most suitable method of maintenance activity can be selected. • Part 3: Application is an individual agency application for a 4(d) take limit (NMFS) special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption, to receive an elimination or reduction of the standing prohibition of take for threatened species (USFWS) under the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application, known as the “plug-and-play” part of the Regional Program, allows local agencies to “plug” into Parts 1 and 2 of the program. The Part 3 Application is a specific commitment that an agency will comply with the ten program elements in Part 1. The five appendices to the Guidelines include the following: - Appendix A. Appendix A is a list of contacts for information on the Regional Program. - Appendix B. Appendix B is a description of the role of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highway and Local Program (H&LP) or the Regional Forum in screening Part 3 Applications to the Regional Program - Appendix C. Appendix C is a BMP Outcome Category matrix. It is a tool for planning, selecting and implementing BMPs that achieve the conservation outcomes of the Regional Program. - Appendix D. Appendix D contains three sample checklists agencies can refer to or use to implement the Regional Program. The checklists contain useful steps for planning and selecting BMPs, conducting pre- construction or pre-maintenance meetings, and implementing BMPs. ---PAGE BREAK--- vi - Appendix E. Appendix E is a Fish Exclusion Protocol. The Guidelines also include a glossary, list of acronyms and index. Local agencies are encouraged to participate in the Regional Program to help achieve regional conservation objectives. Detailed information about how the Regional Program works is contained in Part 1. Agencies seeking guidance in developing Part 3 Applications for their participation in the Regional Program are welcome to attend Regional Forum meetings (see Part 1, Element 1, Regional Forum, for more information). Contact information on the Regional Forum members is listed in Appendix A. The Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program framework is shown on Figure 1. ---PAGE BREAK--- vii REGIONAL AGENCY Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Framework Figure 1 1. Regional Forum 2. Program Review & Approval 3. Training 4. Compliance Monitoring 5. Scientific Research 6. Adaptive Management 7. Emergency Response 8. Biological Data Collection 9. Bi-annual Reports 10. Best Management Practices Agency-specific Implementation 1. Keep Water from Work Area 2. Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion 3. Filter/Perimeter Protection 4. Settling 5. Reduce Water Velocity/ Erosive Forces 6. Containment 7. Habitat Protection/ Maintenance 8. Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water HYDRO HATCHERY HABITAT HARVEST Part 2 BMPs Part 1 Regional Program Elements The H’s Part 3 Application HABITAT 1. Letter of Commitment 2. Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2 3. General Procedures 4. Exceptions from Regional Program OUTCOME CATEGORIES PLUG AND PLAY 1 2 10BMPs 3 4 5 7 9 8 4d 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- viii PERMIT REGULATION Compliance with this program in no way exempts participating agencies from local, state, and federal permits required by law. In fact, permit compliance is specifically spelled out as a BMP requirement in these Guidelines. Merely following permit requirements does not, however, constitute compliance with the Regional Program. To receive coverage under the program, agencies must comply with the Guidelines. Compliance with Washington state fish passage regulations is particularly important for conservation when performing culvert replacement work in stream crossings. Washington State law and regulations require that new or retrofit culverts be designed for fish passage. (RCW 77.55.060; WAC 220- 110-070). Culvert installation and replacement under these sections requires the issuance of a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). All work done under this section will comply with the HPA. To clarify the fish passage criteria defined by WAC 220-110-070, WDFW prepared a design manual entitled “Fish Passage Design at Road Culverts” (the Manual) (WDFW 1999). The Manual was reviewed by the NMFS, which concluded that, when designing retrofits or replacements of existing culverts, the WDFW Guidelines should result in improved habitat conditions with the potential to bring impaired habitat on a trend to Properly Functioning Conditions (PFC). Using the WDFW Manual, while designing a new culvert, should not impair PFC as long as the hydraulic and other fish passage considerations are properly applied (NMFS memorandum, Assitant Regional Administrator for Hydro to Assistant Regional Administrator for Habitat Conservation, Novermber 28, 2001). Therefore, the Regional Program incorporates the relevant considerations for the design of new and retrofit culverts stated in the Manual, as well as other relevant fish passage and habitat considerations addressed in the last chapter of the Manual. (As of the date of this publication, the Manual can be viewed on the Internet at OTHER 4(D) PROGRAM ELEMENTS Activities covered by the definition of “maintenance” will be executed according to the ten program elements set forth in these Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines, as negotiated with the National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Service (the Services). In the event that a jurisdiction or other entity adopts this Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program, and also adopts a development and ---PAGE BREAK--- ix Impact of Road Maintenance on Habitat Conditions Figure 2 Present Conditions H A B I TAT C O N D I T I O N S T I M E Present Day Conditions with implementation of Guidelines Conditions with continued road maintenance activities without Guidelines Conditions without Road Maintenance Not to Scale redevelopment program (if any), the maintenance activities included in these Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines will not be considered “development” or “redevelopment.” Maintenance activities conducted in compliance with this Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program shall be recognized as mitigation (WAC 197-11-768) which is exempt from development or redevelopment regulations adopted pursuant to the land use or stormwater operational programs or any other future development or redevelopment related programs. Unlike development or redevelopment, road maintenance mitigates the impacts of the original construction of the road structures, ongoing roadway use, and preservation of the structure. Road maintenance can also lead to habitat improvement. Figure 2 shows the impact of road maintenance on habitat conditions under three scenarios: 1. If road maintenance were to cease altogether, habitat conditions would decline. 2. With current road maintenance practices, habitat conditions would improve slowly. 3. With implementation of the Guidelines, habitat conditions would improve at a greater rate. ---PAGE BREAK--- x Applying the Guidelines to Road Maintenance T his Regional Program applies to roadway maintenance operations, utility maintenance, maintenance of stormwater facilities, and other right-of-way (ROW) structure maintenance within the ROW. Participants in the Regional Program need a clear understanding of what road maintenance is, how it minimizes impacts to habitat, and where it occurs. DEFINITION OF ROAD MAINTENANCE Activities that fall under the following definition of “maintenance” are covered under the Regional Program: Maintenance: Repair and maintenance include activities that: are conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities and equipment; and involve no expansion of or change in use of such structures, facilities, and equipment; beyond those that existed previously; and do not result in significant negative hydrological impact. Repair and maintenance include those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems or to replace dysfunctional facilities. Repair and maintenance also include replacing existing structures with different types of structures, PROVIDED THAT replacement is required to meet current engineering standards or by one or more environmental permits and the functioning characteristics of the original structure are not changed. An example would be replacing a collapsed, fish-blocking round or wooden culvert with a new box culvert under the same span or width of roadway. As negotiated with the Services, the Regional Program specifies activities that have been determined to be adequately regulated and therefore can limit, reduce or eliminate the prohibition on take of threatened species. The Regional Program does not apply to construction of new facilities or major expansion of existing facilities. ---PAGE BREAK--- xi ROAD MAINTENANCE IS MITIGATION Road maintenance limits, reduces, or eliminates impacts from vehicle use and road wear. Given the critical nature of the transportation system, road maintenance is not optional. It is required for several reasons (WAC 197-11- 768 mitigation): • Safety of the traveling public • Preservation of infrastructure • Mitigation for environmental impacts associated with initial construction, preservation, and maintenance during the life of the structure. The Guidelines provide a road maintenance program that achieves the dual goals of operating a transportation system while conserving aquatic habitat conditions. An example of how road maintenance conserves habitat can be found in the road maintenance category “Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems.” Maintenance activities within the category contribute to the following conservation outcomes: 1. Street sweeping reduces sediments from entering storm drains and waterways. 2. Maintaining and cleaning enclosed drainage systems removes sediments. 3. Maintaining and cleaning oil/water separators reduces pollutants and sediments. 4. Maintaining and cleaning retention/detention facilities and connector ditches removes pollutants and sediments. 5. Repair and restoration of an enclosed drainage system facility ensures storage capacity. 6. Mowing bio-swales and cleaning water quality vaults removes pollutants and sediments. 7. Culvert repair and rehabilitation reduces erosion. 8. Outfall maintenance reduces erosion. 9. Check dams, or similar BMP’s should not be used when maintenace activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. Each maintenance category within the Guidelines has activities that contribute to the conservation outcomes listed for that category. ---PAGE BREAK--- xii Right-of-Way Structure R oad maintenance activities occur within the right-of-way (ROW). ROW is the area of land dedicated for public use or secured by the public for purposes of ingress and egress to abutting property and other public purposes. ROW includes area maintained by public agencies through prescriptive rights. ROW structures include planned, designed, engineered and constructed features that together encompass many built systems. Typical ROW structures include, but are not limited to, the following: • Open drainage system/sediment transport system. • Closed drainage system/sediment transport system. • Retention/detention/wetland systems/sediment transport system. • Road surface/drainage and sediment transport system. • Bridge systems. • Utilities. • Stream system. • The ROW itself, width, air space above and underground. An understanding of the ROW, its structures, and its relationship to water quality and habitat is critical to the successful implementation of the Regional Program. Examples of systems and structures within the ROW include the following: roadway, bridges, drainage, sediment containment, retention/detention, water, sewer, gas, electrical, street lighting, traffic loops, and traffic signals. The aboveground surface area of the ROW structure consists of, but is not limited to, the roadway shoulder, cuts, fills, ditches, channels, dikes, bridges, retention/detention structures, swales and constructed wetlands (intentional and incidental). The road surface directs water from the road, across the gravel or grass shoulder, across the inslope of the ditch, through the ditch to a swale or retention/detention area and then to an outlet. The ROW structure also includes a sediment transport (stormwater) system. The function of this system is to remove sediment before it outfalls to a watercourse or stream. The roadway drainage system has built-in stormwater retention capacity. The road surface traps large amounts of fine material, where it can be removed by sweeping operations, thereby preventing sedimentation in watercourses or streams. Gravel or grass shoulders filter and trap sediments. Ditches hold and trap sediments frequently acting as long, ---PAGE BREAK--- xiii narrow retention/detention ponds. Stormwater retention/detention facilities and constructed wetlands hold and trap large amounts of sediment, reducing sedimentation. The open drainage system is designed to trap sediments. Road maintenance often removes these sediments before they pass through the system to a stream or watercourse. Like an open drainage system, an enclosed drainage system transports sediment to built-in trapping and holding areas where the sediment can be removed before it reaches a stream or watercourse. An enclosed drainage system starts with the road surface or structure and directs water and sediment to inlets, catch basins, manholes, vaults, pipes, and retention/detention facilities. Inlets to the enclosed drainage system both limit the size of sediments and hold sediments. Catch basins, manholes, vaults, pipes, and retention/detention structures, constructed wetlands, and treatment facilities trap large quantities of sediments so they can be removed before they enter the outflow. Road and utility maintenance activities occur within the road ROW structure. Figures 3-7 provide typical illustrations of the ROW structure, including the following: • Figure 3: Typical ROW Structure • Figure 4: Section A-A: Open Drainage System • Figure 5: Section B-B: Enclosed Drainage System • Figure 6: Section C-C: Retention/Detention Facility • Figure 7: Section D-D: Stream Crossing Road. ---PAGE BREAK--- xiv B B D D A A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PRIVATE RESIDENCE PRIVATE RESIDENCE PRIVATE RESIDENCE C C PRIVATE ROAD ROAD SURFACE ROAD SURFACE CATCH BASINS MANHOLE CROSS CULVERT DRIVEWAY PIPE CROSS CULVERT ROAD SURFACE STREAM FLOW CONTROL STUCTURE STREAM FLOW 6 5 4 8 1 2 7 3 RETENTION/ DETENTION POND RETENTION/ DETENTION POND SWALE Typical Row Structure Figure 3 STREAM CROSSING Probable BMP Locations Where water leaves the ROW Prior to water crossing the roadway Upstream and of stream crossing Prior to water entering the detention facility Cleaning of structures and oil water separators Prior to water entering the enclosed system Along ditches to collect siltation Wherever water leaves ROW into sensitive areas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Legend Right-Of-Way Open Drainage Enclosed Drainage Direction of Flow ---PAGE BREAK--- xv POWER PHONE SEWER WATER NATURAL GAS CABLE TV/TELECOM ROW ROW SECTION A-A OPEN DRAINAGE SYSTEM Figure 4 Gravel Shoulders Base Course Pavement Surface Ditch Inslope Ditch CL SECTION B-B ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM Figure 5 UTILITIES NATURAL GAS CABLE TV/TELECOM WATER POWER PHONE ROW UTILITIES Base Course Pavement Surface Catch Basins Raised Edge Cross Pipe CL ROW SEWER Note: Utilities can be present as crossings within the right-of-way ---PAGE BREAK--- xvi CABLE TV SECTION C-C RETENTION/DETENTION FACILITY Figure 6 SECTION D-D STREAM CROSSING ROAD Figure 7 Manhole & Oil/Water Separator Fence Fence Water Level Manhole & Control Structure From Street To Stream ROW ROW NATURAL GAS WATER SEWER PHONE POWER UTILITIES CL Pavement Surface Cross Pipe Gravel Shoulders Base Course Pipe Bedding Protective Armoring (Rip-Rap) Stream Flow Line ---PAGE BREAK--- PART 1 Regional Program Elements ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.3 Part 1 Regional Program Elements Contents Introduction to Program 1.5 Program Element 1: Regional Forum 1.7 Program Element 2: Program Review and Approval 1.10 Program Element 3: Training 1.15 Program Element 4: Compliance Monitoring 1.18 Program Element 5: Scientific Research 1.21 Program Element 6: Adaptive 1.22 Program Element 7: Emergency Response 1.29 Program Element 8: Biological Data Collection 1.31 Program Element 9: Biennial Reports 1.32 Program Element 10: BMPs and Conservation 1.33 How to Use BMP Portions of Maintenance Categories Roadway Surface 1.45 Enclosed Drainage Systems 1.49 Cleaning Enclosed Drainage 1.54 Open Drainage Systems 1.57 Watercourses And Streams 1.62 Stream 1.67 Gravel Shoulders 1.72 Street Surface 1.76 Bridge Maintenance 1.79 #10: Snow And Ice Control 1.83 #11: Emergency Slide/Washout Repair 1.86 #12: Concrete 1.90 #13: Sewer Systems 1.93 #14: Water Systems 1.97 #15: 1.101 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.4 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.5 T here are ten program elements in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Those agencies seeking coverage under the 4(d) Rule must comply with each of these program elements: Element 1. Regional Forum: A Regional Forum has been created from participating agencies. The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for program discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. Element 2. Program Review and Approval: The program review and approval process will require that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs (H&LP), Olympia Service Center, or Regional Forum will review each agency’s Part 3 Application to determine whether or not it includes all program elements. The Services will issue approval for each agency to receive a 4(d) take limit (NMFS), special 4(d) rule, and/or a take exemption (USFWS) to receive a reduction or elimination of the prohibition on take of threatened species (USFWS). Element 3. Training: Courses will include the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit activities, maintenance BMPs, and monitoring work activities. The WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, UW Transpeed, or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program in conjunction with the Regional Forum, will develop a curriculum for training maintenance employees in the implementation of the Regional Program. The curriculum may be taught by T2 instructors, WSDOT trainers or other trainers. Element 4. Compliance Monitoring: Compliance monitoring will take place at several levels: local agency supervisory staff, local agency permitting authorities and state, and federal permitting authorities evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. Each local agency will establish a formal compliance monitoring program for monitoring BMP implementation and any monitoring that is part of various research projects. IIntroduction to Program Elements 3 4 1 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.6 Element 5. Scientific Research: Case studies in the field, as well as literature research done by others, are included in this program element. The scientific research element will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs and update BMPs based on the latest technologies. Element 6. Adaptive Management: The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all ten elements of the Regional Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring elements are the basis for adaptive management. Element 7. Emergency Response: This element provides a framework under which agencies can operate during emergencies. Element 8. Biological Data Collection: This element includes habitat location information within the ROW and development of a process to train and alert staff where the Guidelines need to be utilized. Element 9. Biennial Reports: The Regional Forum will provide biennial (every two years) reports to the Services. Biennial Reports will include a review of the ten program elements, updates on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates on each program element. Element 10. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Conservation Outcomes: Under the Regional Program, BMPs and desired conservation outcomes have been developed for road maintenance activities. The Regional Forum will annually review and update the BMPs. Local agencies and the Services will review the changes the Regional Forum recommends for adoption. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAM ELEMENTS (continued) 6 7 8 9 10BMPs 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.7 Program Element 1: REGIONAL FORUM T he Regional Forum will provide a regional meeting in which information and experiences can be shared to improve the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Each agency seeking a limit, reduction, or elimination of the take prohibition by means of this Regional Program, will participate in the Regional Forum. The role of the Regional Forum is the sharing of information. Participating agencies will report to the Regional Forum experiences in program implementation, including, but not limited to, the following: • Hands-on crew experiences with various BMPs under various conditions. • Discovery of new products or BMP inventions and applications. • Results of scientific research and case studies. • Feedback on training. REGIONAL FORUM MEMBERS Regional Forum members shall have road maintenance knowledge and technical expertise to address Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program issues, as well as the authority to implement program changes. It is understood that program expansions or new program initiatives will have to go through each agency’s budget approval process as well as review and approval by the Services. Using the adaptive management process, the Regional Forum will recommend program changes. Program modifications that could affect an individual agency’s policies, budget, or level of road maintenance service will be taken back to the agency’s policy makers for review and approval. To ensure that policy and budget issues are adequately addressed in individual agencies, Regional Forum members must occupy positions in their own road maintenance organizations with the authority to formally request budget or policy initiatives within their respective agency. For overall changes to the Regional Program, the Regional Forum’s function is advisory. The final approval authority for individual agency budget changes resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. The Services will have final approval authority for changes to the Regional Program. If the Services raise no objections to program changes, the limit, reduction, or elimination of the take prohibition would then apply to the revised program. 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.8 Formal revisions to the Regional Program will be suggested on an as-needed basis, based upon review of adaptive management information. At a minimum, the overall program will be reviewed every two years. (See Program Element 9, Biennial Reports.) Once the Regional Program has been fully implemented in a particular agency, changes to the program will not necessarily (or even likely) result in changes to that agency’s policies or costs. The program is outcome based, allowing individual agencies to select from a menu of options to achieve the desired outcome. (See Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes.) ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The primary role of the Regional Forum is to share information, review, evaluate, and modify the Regional Program. The Regional Forum will engage in adaptive management to provide for ongoing review and to evaluate recommended program changes. The Regional Forum will meet on a quarterly basis, with additional meetings scheduled to address specific issues as needed. In the quarterly meetings, Adaptive Management reports from each agency will be reviewed and discussed. The Regional Forum will make recommendations on program revisions and changes to the BMPs. To assist Regional Forum members in the adaptive management process, agency environmental and engineering staff, as well as consultants, will be called upon as needed. Agency environmental staff, as well as consultants, will be used to evaluate data relating to this program (in particular BMPs and case studies). Technical staff will make recommendations that will be folded into the adaptive management process. The Regional Forum will produce a quarterly newsletter to be distributed to local agencies that participate in the Regional Forum, as well as the Services. The newsletter will also be made available to others and will serve the following functions: • Share information gathered from scientific research and case studies. • Troubleshoot BMPs based on a variety of field conditions. • Notify agencies of BMP training programs. • Notify agencies of future meetings. • Notify agencies of changes to the Regional Program. regional forum 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.9 COMMITTEES Technical committees will be (or have been) formed as needed to develop and implement detailed work programs for specific Regional Program elements. The committees will be formed from the members of the Regional Forum, or their appointees, and will be under the direction of the Regional Forum. The following committees have been formed: 1. Program Review and Approval. 2. Regional Program Training. (This committee has an aggressive work program for developing and implementing a statewide training program.) 3. Compliance Monitoring. 4. Scientific Research and Case Studies. 5. Interdisciplinary 4(d) Coordination. 6. Part 3 Framework. 7. Stormwater. 8. Biological Review. 9. Interagency. The committees will identify key decision points in each program. They will schedule Regional Forum briefings and committee meetings as needed. The Services will be notified and given a comment and approval period prior to any program changes. regional forum 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.10 Program Element 2: PROGRAM REVIEW AND APPROVAL A gencies seeking a take limit from NMFS, a special 4(d) rule and/or a Section 7 exemption to receive a reduction or elimination of the prohibition on take of threatened species from USFWS must comply with the ten Regional Program elements. The ten program elements provide the basic umbrella for a Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Each agency will implement its own Part 3 Application within the framework of the Regional Program, according to its own organizational structure, resources, and labor contracts. PROCEDURES FOR PART 3 APPLICATION BY LOCAL AGENCIES Each agency desiring a limit, reduction, or elimination of the take prohibition on threatened species for its routine road maintenance activities prepares a Part 3 Application. The Part 3 Application is the plug-and-play component of the Regional Program and allows an agency to “plug” into the Services-approved Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application is therefore a commitment that an agency will implement Parts 1 and 2 of the program. The Part 3 Application is presented in Part 3 of the Guidelines. The application contains the following four sections: • Section 1: Letter of Commitment. This section is a letter of commitment requesting the Services to approve plug-and-play for an agency to use Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) rule, special 4(d) rule, and/or section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of a biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 2: Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2. This section contains the ten program elements in the Regional Program. Agencies must commit to complying with all Regional Program elements at both the regional and local levels to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) rule, special 4(d) rule, and/or section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of a biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 3: General Procedures. This section contains the general procedures of an agency. It outlines organizational structure and agency processes for maintenance selection, BMP selection and implementation, checklists, and adaptive management. • Section 4: Exceptions from Regional Program. This section contains any exceptions from the Regional Program including the following: 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.11 - Any agency programs not included in the Regional Program. - Any deviations. - Any additional maintenance categories not listed in Part 1 of the Guidelines. - Checklist process(es) if they differ from those in the Guidelines. - Any additions or changes outside of the Guidelines. The Regional Forum has developed a Program Review and Approval Committee to help agencies through the Part 3 Application process. The Services determine final approval of the Part 3 Application. Regional Forum and WSDOT HL&P review are advisory only. The final approval authority for an individual agency resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. Figure 8 shows the steps that an agency will need to follow to submit their Part 3 Application under the Regional Program. As an agency prepares its Part 3 Application, the agency may seek advice and assistance from the Regional Forum. The agency may also submit its Part 3 Application to the Review and Approval Committee for preliminary review. The agency’s Part 3 Application will be referred to H&LP or the Regional Forum to review it for consistency with the Regional Program. If the Part 3 Application complies with the Regional Program, H&LP or the Regional Forum submits the Part 3 Application to the Services for final approval of the program. The flowchart on the following page (Figure 8) shows the requirement that exceptions contained in Section 4 of the Part 3 Application will be evaluated by the Services to determine if a separate, agency-specific biological review is required. The Regional Program provides a framework for development, review, and submittal processes for Part 3 Application. Agencies should contact the Regional Forum for assistance reviewing the Regional Program and understanding it before starting their Part 3 Application process. (A training course, “ESA 100 Briefing for Decision Makers,” includes this program review.) program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.12 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 Continued on Next Page Contact Regional Forum Agency Prepares and May Submit to Regional Forum* Part 3 Application Agency Incorporates Comments Agency Submits Application Application Reviewed for Program Consistency and Submitted to Services Yes No Sufficient? Yes No Compliance? program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.13 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 continued Yes No Services Evaluate Compliance? Biological Review and/or Assessment Required? No Services Grant Approval Yes Full Compliance with Regional Program Services Review Exceptions Exceptions Negotiated on Individual Agency Basis Services Grant Approval Yes No Services Approval Process Part 3 Denied Part 3 Denied Agency Prepares Biological Review and/or Assessment of Exceptions Program Exceptions Acceptable? program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.14 The Review and Approval Committee can assist agencies in developing their Part 3 Application. The Committee will review a Part 3 Application and answer agency questions about the Part 3 framework. The Part 3 Application, when completed by the agency, may be reviewed by the Regional Forum or the WSDOT Highways and Local Program (H&LP) review process. WSDOT will review the Part 3 Application to ensure it is complete and includes all four sections. If the application is in compliance, WSDOT will pass it on to the Services with a letter of compliance. For more detail on WSDOT H&LP’s role in screening Part 3 Applications see Appendix B. DISPUTE RESOLUTION Dispute resolution is available for applications that are incomplete or inconsistent with the framework for Part 3. WSDOT H&LP will return the application to the agency with a letter of deficiencies for correction. While an agency may elect to pass the application onto the Services, the letter of deficiencies must be included for the Services’ review and approval. The Services determine final approval of the application. The Regional Forum and H&LP review are advisory only. The final approval authority for an individual agency resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. If upon review of an individual agency’s Part 3 Application, H&LP determines an application is not in compliance with the Guidelines. H&LP will provide a detailed description of Part 3 Application deficiencies to the applicant agency. If the applicant agency is unable to resolve the deficiencies to the satisfaction of H&LP, the agency has two options: 1. The applicant agency may elect not to submit a Part 3 Application to the Services. In such case, H&LP will not forward the Part 3 Application to the Services and will return all documentation to the applicant. 2. The applicant agency can request that H&LP submit the Part 3 Application to the Services. Any such submittal shall contain a detailed description of deficiencies as identified by H&LP, as well as a cover letter from the applicant agency stating their case. The final decision to approve an individual agency’s Part 3 Application rests with the Services. program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.15 3 Program Element 3: TRAINING T raining is one of the most critical elements of the Regional Program. Training will initially focus on the BMPs to ensure crews, supervisors, engineers, and environmental staff are appropriately trained to effectively implement BMPs. New employees who have a role in implementing the Regional Program will be trained in areas for which they are responsible. The two primary goals of training are to ensure staff 1) understand the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program, and 2) are aware of their roles and responsibilities for field work, technical support, permits, and implementation. Training will be conducted with an adaptive management philosophy. That means future needs are addressed as questions and issues arise during program implementation. WSDOT H&LP administers a statewide transportation management, engineering, operations, and road maintenance training program. Regional Program training will be folded into the existing WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, UW Transpeed, or WSDOT Training Program in conjunction with the Regional Forum Training Program. A Regional Program Training Committee has been formed and reached agreement with T2 staff on roles and responsibilities. Training will be accomplished with both classroom and “train-the-trainer” sessions. The sessions will be developed and presented by either T2 Center instructors, WSDOT Trainers or agency staff (who have received the appropriate train-the-trainer training). Training will often be customized for the target audience and take advantage of course materials developed for this program. PURPOSE The following is the purpose the Regional Program training: • Provide training to key road maintenance personnel involved with making decisions, designing, constructing, or maintaining facilities impacted by ESA. • Develop and provide a consistent, comprehensive training curriculum. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.16 GOALS The following are the goals of the Regional Program training: • Meet various regional members training needs. • Provide “train-the-trainer” training. • Provide training that will adapt to changing technologies, training methods, and feedback from trainees. • Include oversight techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. • Make training available to private contractors through T2. TRAINING WORK PLAN The Regional Program Training Committee is working with T2 to develop training consistent with the Guidelines. The committee has been tasked with the following: • Develop detailed work program (purpose, goals, schedule, key points for Regional Forum review). • Develop training curriculum (to be approved by Regional Forum). • Develop agreement outlining T2 and Regional Program Training Committee roles and responsibilities (to be approved by the Regional Forum). • Project estimated number of participants (by work classification) expected to attend the various training sessions. • Identify topics by course, staff classification and frequency. • Brief Regional Forum and obtain approval at key decision points. These briefings should also highlight program challenges and successes. • Assign leadership for specific subject areas to specific agencies (subject to Regional Forum approval). TRAINING CURRICULUM Four tracks are provided in the Regional Program curriculum. Each agency’s training program will require key staff to attend the appropriate courses as outlined in Figure 9 on the following page: 3 t r a i n i n g ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.17 3 t r a i n i n g FOUR ESA TRAINING TRACKS The ESA Training Plan has been grouped into four separate tracks: Briefing for decision makers; a training course addressing maintenance design and technical staff procedures involved in roadway maintenance activities; a training course addressing field crew practices involved in roadway maintenance activities; and a course to train agency level trainers in training skills applicable to the ESA training program. These trainers are selected by their agencies for this training after completion of track 2 and 3. WSDOT’s training program is a separate program that has combined the ESA training elements into its existing training.. Track 1: Briefing for Decision Makers An overview of the ESA program for regional level management and administration. This is a stand-alone training class and not part of the required training program and is offered by members of the Regional Road Maintenance Forum. Track 2: Introduction, Design and BMPs, and Environmental Roles for Technical and Scientific Staff 2 days. This course is a combination of the various procedures for technical, professional and environmental staff, supervisors and leads involved in maintenance activities. The track is an overview addressing: introduction to the Guidelines, design, habitat, ten program elements and maintenance BMPs to meet RRMP requirements. Track 3: Introduction and Outcome-based Road Maintenance 1 day. This course is a combination of the various procedures for field crews and leads involved in maintenance activities. The track is an overview addressing: introduction to the Guidelines, design, habitat, environmental roles, ten program elements and implementation of maintenance BMPs to meet RRMP requirements. Track 4: Train-the-Trainer for The Regional Road Maintenance Program 2 days. For agency-selected ESA trainers. This is the training track to train skills and techniques, evaluate, prepare, and certify candidates to teach the RRMP classroom (Tracks 2 and 3) and field demonstrations for BMP installations. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.18 Program Element 4: COMPLIANCE MONITORING U nder the Regional Program, the basic components of the umbrella compliance monitoring program include planning, performance assessments, outcome assessments, and daily inspections. Crews, supervisors, environmental staff, and regulatory agencies may perform inspections. A combination of maintenance and environmental staff will do compliance monitoring in each agency. Each local agency will establish a compliance program for monitoring BMP outcomes and monitoring that takes place as part of various research projects (see Program Element 5, Scientific Research). PLANNING Roadway maintenance personnel (managers, supervisors and crew leads) will meet regularly with their respective environmental personnel to identify upcoming maintenance activities. Permits, BMPs, in-water work windows, and environmental issues will be discussed at this meeting. Activities will also be identified for which the environmental personnel will work with maintenance personnel at a job site to assess the extent and effectiveness with which BMPs are implemented. These meetings will serve as a baseline upon which maintenance and environmental personnel communicate more routinely on environmental issues throughout the year. PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS To help assess the adequacy of BMPs, environmental staff will accompany maintenance personnel in the field during selected maintenance activities. Activities for which environmental performance will be assessed will be selected during the planning meetings referenced above. Selected activities will be those that have the highest level of risk for adversely impacting fish or aquatic habitat. Examples of such activities include in-water work, stream bank stabilization, and bridge pier scour repair. A BMP/Outcome Categories matrix has been developed for specific maintenance activities and circumstances in which BMPs should be implemented. (See Figure 13 or Appendix C for the BMP Outcome Category matrix.) Sample checklists have been provided in Part 1 and Appendix D of the Guidelines to assist in selecting and implementing BMPs. Agencies may elect to tailor checklists to meet their specific protocols. Any modifications to the checklists will be included in the agency’s Part 3 Application submitted to WSDOT under Program Element 2, Program Review and Approval. (See 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.19 Figures 14 through 16 or Appendix D for the checklists.) In the event a problem occurs in BMP use, corrective actions appropriate to the circumstances will be implemented. Corrective actions may include additional training, providing improved information to maintenance personnel, and modification of BMPs. BMPs will be modified according to the agency’s adaptive management process as described in Program Element 6, Adaptive Management. Periodically, the Services may evaluate an approved program for its effectiveness in maintaining and achieving program implementation that provides for the conservation of the listed salmonids. Whenever warranted, the Services will identify to an agency ways in which the program needs to be altered or strengthened. If any agency does not change to respond adequately to the new information in the shortest amount of time feasible, but not longer than one year, the Services will publish notification in the Federal Register, announcing their intention to withdraw the take limit (NMFS), special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption, to remove the reduction or elimination of the take prohibition (USFWS). In this case the take prohibitions would then apply. Such announcement will provide for a comment period of no less than 30 days after which the Services will make a final determination whether to subject the activities to the ESA Section 9 prohibitions. OUTCOME ASSESSMENTS The outcomes or results from BMP practices, as they relate to the BMPs in Parts 1 or 2 of the Regional Program, will continue to be measured as part of road maintenance assessment efforts. Water quality will be monitored as needed for maintenance activities, where such outcome measurements are needed, to assure that aquatic habitat is not being adversely impacted. COORDINATION WITH RESOURCE AGENCIES Communication with the appropriate government resource agencies (i.e. NMFS, USFWS, WDFW) is an integral part of the Regional Program. Some permits (such as Hydraulic Project Approval [HPA] permits) require various types of communication between roadway maintenance and the appropriate resource agency regarding compliance with permit conditions. Examples include project-specific notifications, project-specific consultation prior to the commencement of permitted work, as well as day-to-day interagency compliance monitoring 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.20 compliance monitoring 4 coordination and communication. This type of communication has been, and will continue to be, an integral component of roadway maintenance efforts to meet our responsibilities in a proactive manner. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.21 Program Element 5: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The Regional Forum has committed to two types of scientific research program elements. The research will serve to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs, and update the BMPs based on the latest technologies. • Literature Research: The search for completed studies and existing literature will be ongoing. Information will be shared with the Regional Forum and, where applicable, recommended program changes will be tested. • Case Studies: Scientific analysis of specific BMPs will be conducted at test sites throughout the region. Rather than each agency individually conducting research and case studies, members of the Regional Forum will recommend a regional scientific research committee. The Scientific Research and Case Studies Committee will lead this program element. Each agency seeking a take limit from NMFS special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption to receive a reduction or elimination of the take prohibition from USFWS under this Regional Program must participate in this regional effort. The research will serve to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs, and update BMPs based on the latest technologies. Some agencies began case study work in 1999: • King County is conducting case studies on ditch maintenance BMPs. • Pierce County is evaluating various, non-herbicidal methods of roadside vegetation control. This is an ongoing evaluation to monitor impacts over time. • The City of Seattle recently completed a study evaluating the effects of chip sealing on a nearby water body (Bitter Lake). 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.22 Program Element 6: ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT T he science of salmonid recovery is evolving. Actions required under the Regional Program may need to be modified as knowledge gaps are filled over time. Adaptive management will serve as a formalized process to ensure that new information is incorporated into decisions and actions affecting salmonid recovery. In nearly all cases, conducting maintenance activities in compliance with the Regional Program contributes to conservation of the species. The Regional Program recognizes the potential for problems to occur during the course of maintenance activities, and has an adaptive management process that will address these concerns. The adaptive management process allows for local agencies as well as the Regional Forum to learn from experience in the field and scientific research to improve the program over time. Thus, conservation outcomes are achieved and the slight risk of adverse impacts avoided or minimized. It will be necessary to monitor and assess how well implementation of the Guidelines achieves the goals of the program. Adaptive management will provide a systematic process for gathering and analyzing information to develop and implement alternatives that correct unproductive BMPs. Implementing effective adaptive management will assure progress is made toward achieving regional road maintenance outcome-based goals. The concepts, elements, and principles described in the Regional Program are designed to assist in developing effective adaptive management and monitoring programs that result in the following outcomes: • An adaptive management philosophy is one that is clearly defined, predictable, and can be understood. • Relevant information is gathered, using appropriate quality controls, and is coordinated to evaluate road maintenance BMP decisions and actions as it pertains to the implementation of Regional Program BMPs. • Program review occurs on predetermined timelines to ensure continual progress toward program goals and objectives. 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.23 COMPONENTS OF ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT The following are the three basic components of the Adaptive Management Program Element: • Compliance Monitoring. • Effectiveness Monitoring. • Changes to the Regional Program. Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring is done to ensure agencies are implementing the Regional Program. Monitoring BMPs is a key component. Implementation of BMPs and all ten program elements will also be monitored. Effectiveness Monitoring The focus of effectiveness monitoring is BMP implementation to determine if BMPs are accomplishing Regional Program objectives. This monitoring will be accomplished through scientific research and case studies. The effectiveness of all other Regional Program elements will be monitored as well. Effectiveness monitoring of BMPs will be conducted to measure whether specific BMPs are achieving specified objectives. The type of work most often undertaken in aquatic habitat areas will guide BMP selection. Changes to the Regional Program The Regional Forum will engage in adaptive management to provide for ongoing Regional Program review and will evaluate and recommend program changes to the Services. Program expansions or new program initiatives will have to go through each agency’s budget approval process as well as review and approval by the Services. Using the adaptive management philosophy, the members of the Regional Forum will recommend program changes. Program modifications that could affect an individual agency’s policies, budget, or level of road maintenance service will be taken back to agency policy makers for review and approval. To ensure that policy and budget issues are adequately addressed in individual agencies, Regional Forum members must occupy positions in their own road maintenance organizations with the authority to formally request budget or policy initiatives. 6 adaptive management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.24 6 adaptive management For overall changes to the Regional Program, the function of the Regional Forum is advisory. The final approval authority for individual agency budget changes resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. The Services will have final approval authority for changes to the Regional Program. It is assumed that, if the Services raise no objections to program changes, the take limitation (NMFS), special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption to receive a reduction or elimination of the take prohibition (USFWS), would then apply to the revised program. AVOIDING OR MINIMIZING ADVERSE IMPACTS The overall impact of the Regional Program is to contribute to the conservation of listed aquatic species, while performing road maintenance activities. Although the risk of take from road maintenance is slight and likely to occur on a one-time or infrequent basis, the Regional Program recognizes that risk and has built in a method to correct for errors or failures of BMPs. This corrective action is accomplished by combining various other program elements with Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes. These other elements—Compliance Monitoring, Scientific Research, and Adaptive Management—all help to minimize the risk of take. As shown on Figure 10, Avoiding or Minimizing Adverse Impacts, these program elements form an integrated process of training, monitoring, and adaptive management that tracks the effectiveness of maintenance activity BMPs and alters that practice as needed (Figure 10): REGIONAL PROGRAM UPDATE PART 3 APPLICATION UPDATE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY BMPs Avoiding or Minimizing Adverse Impacts Figure 10 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TRAINING MONITORING ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Local Agency Participation Local Regional ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.25 Training: The first step in minimizing the risk of take is through a training program. As training becomes available, crew members and supervisors will receive appropriate training from instructors who have been through the Train- the-Trainer course (see Program Element 3, Training). With appropriate training, field personnel will recognize problems with BMPs and potential habitat risks. Training provides the means of quickly responding to problems in the field to avoid or minimize habitat impact. Training will also be given to engineering and environmental support staff to ensure that potential technical problems are dealt with in the planning stages of projects that require design or environmental support. BMPs: In accordance with Program Element 10 (BMPs and Conservation Outcomes), and Part 2 of the Guidelines, BMPs will be used to achieve prescribed outcomes. The BMPs are designed to avoid or minimize adverse impacts, while achieving conservation outcomes. Monitoring: BMPs will be monitored for effectiveness during the course of maintenance activities. In cases where BMPs are needed after maintenance work is completed, monitoring will continue for those BMPs. If problems occur, actions such as correcting or adding BMPs will be taken to ensure that outcomes are met. Scientific Research: Scientific case studies and literature research will be conducted to ensure that BMPs achieve the desired outcomes. Based on these findings, recommendations to modify Part 1 or Part 2 of the Regional Program will be presented to the Regional Forum. Adaptive Management: Adaptive management will occur at the local, agency-specific, and regional levels. Local ESA teams and the Regional Forum will evaluate information gathered during the course of maintenance activities, BMP implementation, monitoring, and scientific research. Based on this evaluation, Part 3 Applications will be updated at the local level, and the Guidelines will be updated at the regional level. Program updates will be factored into the training program. 6 adaptive management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.26 AGENCY ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT During the course of road maintenance activities, countless combinations of conditions occur that affect BMP effectiveness. It is for this reason that the BMPs in the Regional Program are outcome-based. The outcome-based approach allows all staff—road crew supervisors, environmental staff, engineers, and others—to respond to changing conditions at the worksite to achieve specified BMP outcomes. In spite of the outcome-based approach, it is anticipated that there will be rare occasions when problems occur at the work site, reducing BMP effectiveness. When this occurs, agency adaptive management will be employed to avoid or minimize potential adverse impacts to habitat. There are three phases to the agency adaptive management process: • Pre-activity evaluation. • Maintenance activity. • Adaptive management. Pre-Activity Evaluation. Prior to starting work, the site is evaluated to determine appropriate maintenance activities and BMPs. Maintenance activities are selected to achieve the following dual goals: 1. Maintaining and repairing the ROW structure 2. Providing mitigation for the original construction of the ROW structure. BMPs are selected to achieve the outcomes prescribed in the Regional Program, thus avoiding or minimizing adverse impacts and contributing to habitat conservation. Maintenance Activity. Local ESA teams will be formed in each agency as defined in their Part 3 Application. Whenever corrective actions are taken, the local ESA team will evaluate the actions and their effectiveness. During the course of maintenance activities, BMPs are installed and monitored. BMP monitoring occurs both during and after the maintenance activity itself to evaluate the effectiveness. If a problem occurs, corrective action will be taken to avoid impacts and to achieve the BMP outcome. Usually, actions involve installing additional BMPs, which, in combination with the initial BMPs, will achieve the BMP outcome. 6 adaptive management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.27 In nearly all situations, it will be possible to correct problems as they arise. On rare occasions, however, adverse impacts could occur. In nearly all cases, these will be temporary impacts, lasting only until a combination of BMPs is installed to correct the problem. Adaptive Management. Based on the local ESA team’s evaluations, recommendations for modifications to Parts 1 or 2 of the Regional Program will be forwarded to the Regional Forum. The agency adaptive management process is shown on Figure 11. 6 adaptive management Agency Adaptive Management Figure 11 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY Pre-Activity Evaluation Evaluate • BMP Outcome • Conservation Outcome Maintenance Activity Maintenance Activity Conduct Work Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work Select BMP Take Action to Avoid Impacts (most of the time) Minimize if Unable to Completely Avoid Impacts (rare occasion) Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work If Problem Occurs Adaptive Management Recommend Modifications to Part 1 and or Part 2 of Guidelines Discuss at Local ESA Team Meeting Regional Forum • Install BMPs Pre-Activity Evaluation Maintenance Activity Adaptive Management 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.28 6 adaptive management REGIONAL ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Adaptive management is key to the success of the Regional Program. Adaptive management provides a means of improving conservation outcomes in three ways: 1.Improving site-specific outcomes at the local level 2.Improving the Regional Program at the regional level 3.Avoiding and minimizing potential adverse impacts by sharing information at the regional level. Recommendations from local ESA teams are evaluated in Regional Forum meetings. Additionally, Regional Forum members evaluate the result of local agency scientific research. Based on this evaluation, the Regional Forum produces recommended program changes, which are submitted to the Services for final review and approval. If the Services have questions or concerns, these are referred back to the Regional Forum for resolution. Final program changes, as approved by the Services, are used to update the Guidelines (Figure 12). Regional Adaptive Management Figure 12 Services • Review recommenda- tions from Regional Forum • Evaluate research • Evaluate significant site-specific adaptive management info Provide Information - Biennial Reports - Quarterly Newsletter • Place Services Concerns on Regional Forum Agenda • Resolve Services Concerns on Recommended Changes to Regional Program Regional Forum • Review/evaluate Local ESA Team Recommended • Recommend or Modify BMPs Local Agency • Results of site- specific Adaptive Management • Results of scientific research Update Guidelines recommended changes feedback 1 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.29 7 Program Element 7: EMERGENCY RESPONSE R oad maintenance organizations must respond immediately to any natural or human caused emergencies. Emergency response actions must be undertaken to minimize or avoid: • Imminent threat to public health or safety. • Imminent threat to danger to public or private property. • Imminent threat of serious environmental degradation. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIONS Emergency response actions include, but are not limited to, fixing damage to roadways, roadsides, or ROW structures whenever an emergency occurs. Examples of emergency actions include fire response, spills, landslides, slumps, water, drainage, or sewer line repair and cleanup, utility line breaks, overflows of water reservoir facilities, stormwater facilities, sewer facilities, collection boxes, and other related facilities during operation or caused by high flow events, high precipitation events, flood events, snow and ice controls or other emergency conditions. These actions may or may not be technically defined as an emergency under Presidential declaration. However, failure to perform these activities may result in an imminent threat of serious environmental degradation, threat to public health or safety or damage to public or private property. UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES Unanticipated repairs require action to be started within a few days or before the next wet weather season within the in-water window to protect fish. Therefore, there is not enough time to go through the normal permitting process and require expedited permits. However, if the danger becomes more immediate and regulations cannot be met, the applications should be treated as emergency actions. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INCIDENT RESPONSE Traffic accidents on roadways occasionally result in the release of hazardous materials to the environment. If the party(s) responsible for the hazardous materials release cannot be identified or made to contain and clean up the release, the Department of Ecology (Ecology) assumes these responsibilities. The role of road maintenance personnel is to manage traffic at incidents on roadways. This is conducted in support of the overall incident management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.30 effort. Road maintenance personnel can also provide technical information (i.e. information on drainage system characteristics) in support of the incident response. However, trained maintenance personnel may take control actions when necessary and feasible to contain a release of petroleum products into surface waters. MINIMIZATION AND AVOIDANCE • Emergency response and inspection followed by notification of the appropriate resources in a timely manner. • Develop a phone tree for resource contacts to be called during an emergency response. • Where possible, emergency maintenance will use the same BMPs as routine maintenance activities to avoid additional impacts to wetlands, watercourses or streams. • Emergency maintenance will provide, where possible, adequate erosion control or bank stabilization around watercourses. Where appropriate, permit processing will begin as soon as the emergency situation has been stabilized. 7 emergency response ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.31 8 Program Element 8: Biological Data Collection E xisting ROW structures are linear and tend to have small-scale and minor site-specific points of impact. For that reason, the following biological data will be gathered in the ROW: • Identification of aquatic habitat resources within ROW. • ROW aquatic habitat location to make BMP decisions. • Train and alert staff where to apply the guidelines. Knowing the location of aquatic habitat within the ROW and using BMPs during maintenance activities in these areas will have a positive impact on aquatic habitat. Element 8, Biological Data Collection, is the key to providing road maintenance staff with ROW aquatic habitat location information so that they can make appropriate BMP decisions. Under the biological data collection program element, agencies will develop processes to train and alert staff where the Guidelines need to be applied. Training and location of where to apply guidelines may be accomplished by the use of maps, geographic information systems (GIS), site visits, or marking locations in the field. Some agencies currently have information on aquatic habitat resource locations. Once an initial aquatic habitat identification has been completed, ongoing updates will be made to address changing conditions. An agency will be considered in compliance with the Regional Program as long as there is a biological data collection process in place. This data will be collected in the road ROW structure and used to evaluate the use of BMPs. The data collected and the results of this adaptive management process will be made available for project prioritization, biological assessments, and future planning. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.32 Program Element 9: BIENNIAL REPORTS T he Regional Forum will submit biennial reports to the Services on the status of all ten elements of the Regional Program. At a minimum, the reports will include the following: • Status reports and updates on each program element. • Training program, review and updates. • Review of scientific research. • Implementation review. • Adaptive Management reports, including recommended changes to the Guidelines. In addition to the formal reports, the Services will be provided copies of a quarterly newsletter. The biennial report will be provided to others upon request. 9 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.33 10BMPs Program Element 10: BMPS AND CONSERVATION OUTCOMES REGIONAL PROGRAM BMPS T he Regional Program BMPs were developed with the idea that they must be outcome based. Rather than providing a “cookbook recipe” approach to BMPs, the Regional Program BMPs focus on the following outcomes: • Minimize erosion/sedimentation. • Contain pollutants. • Maximize habitat improvements. The Guidelines provide many options for achieving the outcomes identified in this program element, as well as the outcomes identified in Part 2, Best Management Practices. BMPs will be selected based on worksite conditions. The Regional Forum clearly recognizes the difficulties encountered when implementing BMPs. Conditions vary dramatically from site to site based on many factors: • Soils/geological conditions. • Stream/surface water hydrology. • Groundwater conditions. • Presence of utility lines or structures. • Vegetation. • Resource availability. • Regulatory requirements (i.e. permit requirements). • Legal requirements (such as safety standards, regulations). • Terrain. • Space available in ROW. The menu of options provided in the Regional Program allows crews, supervisors, design engineers, and environmental staff the flexibility to select the most efficient BMPs for each site. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Flexibility in selecting BMPs depending on site conditions is an absolute necessity for successful implementation of the Regional Program. The Regional Forum will develop a training program for supervisory personnel and crews. The training will provide individuals with background information to ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.34 recognize when environmental staff needs to be consulted regarding BMPs and when BMPs should be used. Each agency will develop and implement a maintenance activity decision process flowchart, indicating the key points at which environmental staff will be consulted. The training will be coupled with outcome monitoring to implement BMPs that are appropriately and effectively installed. HOW TO USE THE BMP PORTIONS OF THE GUIDELINES The success of the BMP portions of the Guidelines depends on understanding that the purpose of the Regional Program BMPs is to: • Minimize erosion and sedimentation as a result of road maintenance activities or tasks. • Contain pollutants generated from maintenance activities. • Identify and maximize opportunities for implementing habitat protection and maintenance features. Installing a BMP may not always meet all of the above purposes. The work site and BMPs must be monitored and maintained properly. If BMPs do not produce the desired outcomes, those BMPs may require modification or the use of additional BMPs. READ THE GUIDELINES It is important to read the entire Guidelines to gain a basic understanding of how BMPs can be useful in daily operations. Part 1, Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes and Part 2, Best Management Practices, are to be used in tandem to perform maintenance activities and implement BMPs. Road maintenance activities have been divided into 15 Maintenance Categories presented as separate sections in Part 1, Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes: 1. Roadway Surface. 2. Enclosed Drainage Systems. 3. Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems. 4. Open Drainage Systems. 5. Watercourses and Streams. bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.35 6. Stream Crossings. 7. Gravel Shoulders. 8. Street Surface Cleaning. 9. Bridge Maintenance. 10. Snow and Ice Control. 11. Emergency Slide/Washout Repair. 12. Concrete. 13. Sewer Systems. 14. Water Systems 15. Vegetation. Each category includes activities, purpose, BMP outcomes, BMPs, and potential conservation outcomes. Some of the Part 1 BMPs are routine, while others require more detailed information. Those BMPs requiring more information are included in Part 2 in alphabetical order. IDENTIFY CONSERVATION OUTCOMES While developing these Guidelines, the Regional Forum identified “conservation outcomes” that could be achieved while performing road maintenance activities. Potential conservation outcomes are identified for each maintenance category. These conservation outcomes are the result of using BMPs to conserve aquatic species. SELECT BMP OUTCOME CATEGORIES When reviewing a proposed maintenance or construction activity, it is important to have some basic understanding of erosion and sediment control. It is easier and more effective to reduce soil particles and contaminants from becoming waterborne or airborne (entering or mixing with the water) than to separate them after they have mixed. To help select the appropriate BMP for your specific application, the BMPs in Part 2 have been grouped into eight site- specific BMP Outcome Categories: 1. Keep Water from Work Area. 2. Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion. 3. Filter/Perimeter Protection. 10BMPs bmps and conservation outcomes ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.36 4. Settling. 5. Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces. 6. Containment. 7. Habitat Protection/Maintenance. 8. Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water. Part 2 presents more detailed information on the Outcome Categories, including the following: • Definition. • Desired Outcome. • Applications. • Limitations. • Permit Conditions. • BMP Options. Part 2 also presents each site-specific BMP alphabetically. The Part 2 BMPs include a description, including a statement on its purpose, applications, limitations, construction guidelines, maintenance and removal. Many photos and illustrations are also provided. The BMP Outcome Categories matrix shown on Figure 13 is a tool for selecting and using BMPs that meet the conservation outcomes of the Regional Program. Additional copies of the matrix are provided in Appendix C. bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.37 bmps and cons er vat ion out comes AQUA BARRIER 2.20 BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING 2.23 COFFERDAM 2.25 COIR FABRIC 2.28 COIR LOG 2.30 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.33 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.36 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.38 CONTINUOUS BERM 2.41 CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.44 DEWATERING 2.49 DIAPER NETTING 2.51 DITCH LINING 2.53 DIVERSION BERM 2.55 DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.57 DUST CONTROL 2.60 EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.62 FILTER FABRIC 2.64 GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.66 GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.70 HALF ROUND FILTER 2.71 HAND SEEDING 2.73 HYDROSEEDING 2.75 INLET PROTECTION 2.77 KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.84 LARGE WOODY MATERIAL 2.86 LIVE STAKING 2.91 MULCHING 2.95 PLASTIC COVERING 2.97 PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.99 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.38 RIP RAP 2.101 ROCK CHECK DAM 2.103 SANDBAG 2.107 SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.111 SILT FENCE 2.112 SILT MAT 2.115 SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK 2.117 SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.120 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.125 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.128 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.133 STRAW LOG 2.136 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION 2.139 STREAM BYPASS 2.140 STREAMBED GRAVEL 2.144 SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.146 SWEEPING 2.150 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.153 TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.156 TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.160 VACTORING 2.164 VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.166 WASHED ROCK 2.168 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 Continued 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.39 10BMPs bmps and conservation outcomes VISIT THE SITE Before starting an activity, conduct a site visit to gather information. Useful information includes the scope of activity, work area, potential staging and temporary storage areas, proximity to sensitive areas or drainage features, soil conditions, existing vegetation, and amount of onsite water. Other important information is the presence of slopes, traffic, and an initial assessment of BMP options. This information will be used for five basic purposes: 1. Plan the activity. 2. Identify maintenance/construction methods, sequence, and schedule. 3. Determine equipment and materials. 4. Select BMP or combination of BMPs. 5. Determine permit needs. SELECT AND IMPLEMENT A BMP OR COMBINATION OF BMPS There is no ideal or perfect BMP for each specific activity. Generally, a combination of BMPs is used to meet the desired outcome. The Guidelines aid in the BMP selection process. The following steps will help make a successful BMP selection and work activity: 1. Use the following sample checklists or develop and use your own checklist (Figures 14 through 16). 2. Become familiar with the Guidelines. 3. Identify the Maintenance Category(s) to be performed and BMP categories. 4. Define the activity, scope, and limits. 5. Conduct a site visit. 6. Review BMP options. 7. List those BMPs (from both Part 1 and Part 2) applicable to the Maintenance Category(s) and site conditions. 8. Select the BMP(s) that will meet the desired outcome. 9. Secure permits. 10. Prepare a construction or maintenance sequence and schedule. 11. Conduct a pre-maintenance/pre-construction meeting to review the activity, roles and responsibilities, and BMPs (installation, monitoring, maintenance, and removal). ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.40 12. Gather the necessary equipment and materials. 13. Implement the BMP(s) by following the Guidelines, permit conditions, or plans. 14. Ask for help (if required). USE THE CHECKLISTS The sample checklists on the following pages have been developed to guide your maintenance activities, including site visits and selecting and implementing BMPs (see Figures 14 through 16). These checklists are also provided in Appendix D. ASK FOR HELP Generally, follow your own agency’s Part 3 Application or protocols for assistance. Other agencies with membership in the Regional Forum may be able to offer additional assistance. See Appendix A for a list of Regional Forum contacts. bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.41 bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Planning and Selection Sample Checklist #1 Figure 14 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support staff or 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMPs from Part 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand all permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward.. 11. Prepare construction/maintenance schedule, and/or sequence (Including installing, monitoring, maintaining, and removing BMP(s).) 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or pre- construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.42 bmps and conservation outcomes ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Pre-construction and Pre-maintenance Meeting Sample Checklist #2 Figure 15 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign-in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (Including installation, monitoring, maintaining, & removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies related to all aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.43 bmps and conservation outcomes Activity and bmp Installation, Monitoring, Maintaining and Removal Sample Checklist #3 Figure 16 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with the Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.44 Activity and bmp Routine Part 1 Sample Checklist #4 Figure 17 Task Yes No 1. Make site visit before starting work 2. Define activity, scope, and limits 3. Review Part 1 BMPs • Permit needed • Scheduling considerations • Equipment maintenance • Disturbed soil • Waste material removed • Spill kit • Part 2 BMPs needed • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 4. Is environmental staff required? NO – continue maintenance YES – contact environmental staff for review 5. In water work • Stop work • Contact environmental staff for review • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 bmps and conservation outcomes ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.45 Maintenance Category ROADWAY SURFACE ACTIVITIES1 Repair, replace, install, or maintain roadway surfaces. Activities include the following: pothole and square cut patching; removing paved surface or roadway base; repairing roadway base; repaving; adding gravel or grading roads, access roads, or ROW surfaces; dust control; extending pavement edge; paving graveled shoulder; crack sealing; overlay; chip seal; resurfacing; pavement marking and traffic channelization; traffic control features. PURPOSE The roadway surface is part of the ROW structure. The slope of the road surface routes water and sediments off the roadway, to the shoulder, to an open drainage area or ditch or to an enclosed drainage system. Thus, the slope of the roadway surface is part of the water flow and sediment collection systems. These activities are performed to provide a safe roadway surface for the traveling public and to reduce further roadway deterioration or failure. Most patching and resurfacing activities occur from May to October. Potholes are repaired as they occur within established guidelines to reduce accidents, vehicle damage, and adverse environmental impacts. BMP OUTCOMES • Restore structure. • Minimize work site pollutants from maintenance/repair activities. • Restore or maintain surface water drainage. • Restore or maintain road surface/safety. • Reduce turbidity. • Reduce sediments from entering watercourses or streams. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.46 BMPs roadway surface Maintenance Category Roadway Surface BMPs Description Roadway Surface Perform repairs, replacement, and maintenance of roadway surface. Shoulder Work Maximize opportunities for shoulder work, which will increase infiltration or biofiltration. (See also Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders). Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or worksite pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion” • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: unworked for more than 2 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Disturbed Areas Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. Equipment/Tools Continued on next page • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.47 BMPs Description • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Material/Debris Disposal If area is swept with a pick-up sweeper, the material will be hauled out of the area to appropriate disposal site. Painting/Marking • Follow state and federal guidelines for handling paint and other traffic marking materials. • Stripe roadways in dry weather. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel Maintenance Category Roadway Surface (Continued) roadway surface BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.48 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Restore structure • Protect watercourse, stream and/or water body. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration. • Reduce runoff of dirt, debris, sediment, and petroleum products from maintenance activity to maintain water quality. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: roadway surface Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore sediment transport system to reduce loading to watercourses or streams. Remove or reduce sediment to protect watercourses or streams. Maintain or restore nutrient process by re- vegetating (at optimum time for successful revegetation) after disturbance. Repair/maintenance of road surface reduces water splashing off of roadway, which in turn reduces: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Erosion. • Performing maintenance activities. Reducing vehicle accidents: • Reduces risk of pollutants and debris entering aquatic habitat. • Reduces structural damage to watercourse or stream system. Reducing roadway or shoulder failure: • Reduces risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat watercourse or stream. • Open holes disturb road base/subgrade, which reduces erosion. Patching holes eliminates transport of sediment into drainage system and/or surface water. Maintenance can reduce adverse effects on shoulders, open and closed drainage systems, stream crossings, and offsite habitat. Using appropriate erosion/sediment control BMPs during construction/maintenance. Roadway Surface Maintenance Off-road damages from vehicles leaving road surface. • Structural damage to shoulders and ditches. • Spills. Re-vegetate disturbed soils ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.49 Maintenance Category ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replacement, installation, and maintenance tasks performed on enclosed drainage systems include the following: facilities, retention/detention facilities, pollution control devices, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, access roads; and inlets/outlets. Facilities can be located on ROW, public property, separate tracts, easements, or on private property. Facilities are designed according to current standards, and installed according to permit conditions. Purpose The enclosed drainage system is part of the ROW structure that routes water and sediments from roadways and surface structures through water and sediment collection systems to outlet areas. Enclosed drainage systems— which are used for water quality and quantity treatment—are designed to accumulate sediment over time. Because of limited storage capacity, this sediment should be removed to maintain treatment effectiveness and environmental protection. Therefore, the purpose of such maintenance includes one or more of the following: • Remove large quantities of sediment and debris from stormwater before it enters watercourses or streams. • Improve the roadway drainage system to efficiently remove, collect and convey water from the ROW to permit the maximum use of the roadway. • Reduce damage to roadway structures. • Protect the abutting property from damages. • Restore surface water drainage. • Ensure structural integrity. • Vegetation management. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Reduce sediment from entering watercourses or streams and aquatic habitat. • Minimize worksite pollutants from construction/repair area. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.50 • Restore or maintain water quality: - Remove debris. - Remove trash. - Remove yard waste. - Remove sediment. - Reduce turbidity. BMP See table on next page. enclosed drainage systems ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.51 enclosed drainage systems Maintenance Category Enclosed Drainage Systems BMPs Description Enclosed Drainage Systems Perform repair, replacement, and maintenance of enclosed drainage systems. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the following eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” and/or • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion.” Refer to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Disturbed Areas Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. Equipment/Tools Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools, and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. Continued on next page • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.52 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse, stream and/or water body. • Reduce work site pollutants to maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by cleaning and maintaining system. • System maintenance and repairs reduce pollutant transport from system breaks. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: enclosed drainage systems Maintenance Category Enclosed Drainage Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.53 enclosed drainage systems Repair, Replacement and Installation of Enclosed Drainage Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore functional components of the drainage system to trap and reduce sediment loading to watercourses or streams. The system includes, but is not limited to: • Catch basins. • Manholes. • Inlets. • Pipes. • Facilities. • Vaults. • Retention/detention facilities. • Pollution control devices. • Outlets. • Other types of pollutant collection/separation facilities. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by removing sediments and repairing structures. Reduce/Remove sediment and debris from drainage system. Trap and remove sediment and debris before it enters watercourses, streams or water bodies. Repair plugged lines, breaks, or blockages to reduce: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Offsite flooding and/or erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. • Debris loading. Performing repairs, implementing replacements, and installing systems. Reducing drainage system failure: • Reduces risk of enclosed system failure and resultant washout sediment and other pollutants and debris from entering aquatic habitat watercourses and/or streams. Providing proper in-system storage to: • Reduce peak flows. • Reduce offsite sediment transport. • Provide for silt collection system to reduce sediment loading to watercourse or stream. Cleaning and removing of large quantities of sediment and other debris before it reaches watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. Using erosion/sediment controls during construction/maintenance. Reducing flooding, erosion, and sediment from broken, or damaged, system by making repairs. Reducing sediment conveyance through drainage system by trapping and removal. Re-vegetate disturbed soils. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.54 Maintenance Category CLEANING ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Activities1 Removing debris, sediments, and liquids from enclosed drainage systems using a vacuum/flush truck (“Vactor”), by hand, or other mechanical means. Enclosed drainage systems include the following: facilities, retention/ detention facilities, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, access roads, pollution control devices and inlets. Enclosed drainage systems can be located on ROW, separate tracts, easements, or on private property. Purpose To clean and remove large quantities of sediments and/or other debris from drainage systems before entering watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. To ensure the enclosed drainage system efficiently removes, collects, and conveys water from the road ROW to permit the maximum use of the roadway. • To reduce damage to roadway structures. • To protect the abutting property from damages. • To maintain or restore surface water drainage. • To maintain or restore structural integrity. • To manage vegetation. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Improve water quality. • Minimize work site pollutants from leaving construction/repair area. • Reduce turbidity. • Restore surface water drainage. • Clean up and remove sediment from drainage system. • Minimize flooding from plugged system. • Reduce potential plugging of systems. • Reduce overflows/ flooding. • Reduce sediment and debris loading to watercourses, streams and other water bodies. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.55 cleaning enclosed drainage systems BMPs BMPs Description Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems Maintain drainage systems. Pre-Activity Equipment/Tools When using high-pressure flushing equipment, vacuum out solids to reduce sediment and turbidity from moving downgrade throughout the drainage system.. Maintenance Category Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems Use BMPs that include, but are not limited to: • Blocking facility outlet. • Using less water. • Blocking downgradient end of pipe. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools, and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. Continued on next page ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.56 BMPs Description Maintenance Category Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems (Continued) Remove and dispose of collected materials and liquids offsite Material/Debris Disposal Solid materials removed from the site will be taken to a disposal or recycling area Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent • Pad • Shovel. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.57 cleaning enclosed drainage systems Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore sediment collection process by removing sediments from: • Catch basins. • Maintenance holes. • Retention/detention facilities. • Pipes. • Inlets. • Vaults. • Other types of pollutant collection/separation facilities. Removing sediments and debris from drainage system as a source control measure. Routine cleaning to reduce drainage system failure due to debris or sediment blockages: • Reduce risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat. • Reduce vehicle accidents. • Reduce pollutants from vehicle accidents. Providing proper in-system storage to: • Reduce peak flows. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by cleaning system. Trap and remove sediment and other debris before it enters watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. Remove blockages or plugs to reduce: • Turbidity. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. Cleaning and removing sediment and debris before it reaches watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Reduce flooding. • Reduce offsite sediment transport. • Maximize pollutant collection capabilities. POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Reduce worksite pollutants to maintain water quality. • Protect watercourse, stream and/or water body. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by removing sediments. • Reduce sediment transport from system breaks by cleaning. • Cleaning system reduces sediment and debris transport to watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.58 Maintenance Category OPEN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replacement, installation and maintenance tasks performed on open drainage systems. These systems include facilities, retention/detention facilities, swales, pollution control devices, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, culverts, ditches, and inlets/outlets. (Open drainage systems that are part of the watercourses and streams system are covered in Maintenance Category 5, Watercourses and Streams.) Open drainage systems include stormwater conveyance systems that were created entirely by artificial means, such as roadside ditches and storm or surface water runoff facilities. These structures are not watercourses, streams or wetlands. Open drainage systems can be located within the road ROW, on easements, tracts, public property or on private property. PURPOSE • Maintenance tasks performed on open drainage systems include, but are not limited to, activities such as the following: - Cleaning. - Reshaping/regrading. - Erosion control/bank stabilization of drainage system. - Vegetation management. - Removing debris, trash, yard waste, sediment. - Repairing structures. • Open drainage systems are part of the ROW structure that routes water and sediment from roadways or surface structures to outlet areas. The system allows sediments to separate and settle from the water flow, a process that cleans and removes large quantities of sediments out of stormwater systems. • Maintaining open drainage systems includes activities to preserve line and grade, depth and cross section, and inflow and outflow of culverts. Open systems should be kept free of trash, debris, sediment and vegetation that restricts or constricts the open drainage system (in compliance with federal and state regulations). 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.59 • Roadside ditches generally consist of inslopes, a ditch, and back slopes (see Figure 4, Open Drainage System, under “Right of Way Structure,” in the Introduction). The inslopes can be vegetated with grass or small forbs. Small trees and brush may be allowed outside of the back slope of ditches (in compliance with federal and state regulations). • Roadside ditch maintenance operations are performed when sediment, debris, or vegetation in a ditch impedes flows or storage of water and sediments to a point where safety or structural integrity of the roadway system is jeopardized. Maintenance of roadside ditches improve properly functioning systems, which can reduce: - Sheet flow of surface water across the roadway, which creates slope erosion. - Hazardous driving conditions, particularly during cold weather. - Roadway washouts during storm events. - Flooding of adjacent property. - Saturation of the road sub-base. - Large quantities of sediment transported to watercourses or streams. BMP Outcomes • Maintain and restore water quality by cleaning ditches or structures. • Maintain or restore structure. • Minimize sediment or debris from leaving construction/repair area. • Maintain or restore surface water drainage and storage. • Maintain or restore sediment storage capacity. • Reduce flooding from plugging of system/reduced storage area. • Keep structure clear of debris, trash, and yard waste. • Reduce sediments and debris from entering watercourses or streams. • Reduce sediment conveyance through drainage system by trapping and removal. • Leave vegetated sections in ditch where sediment buildup has not impeded flow or infiltration. open drainage systems ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.60 BMPs open drainage systems Maintenance Category Open Drainage Systems BMPs Description Open Drainage Systems Maintain drainage systems. Permits Maintenance activities within waters of the state will be covered under Maintenance Category Watercourses and Streams. Scheduling Plan and schedule work in dry conditions, except in emergency situations Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion,” • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Leave vegetative buffer outside of work zone to provide biofiltration and shading outside of the back slope of ditch. Leave vegetative buffer of grasses and small forbs between the shoulder and ditch if the area is wide enough. Leave vegetated sections of grasses and small forbs in ditchline, where sediment buildup does not impede flow or infiltration. Disturbed Areas After removal of sediments from ditch line, replant disturbed soils with grasses and small forbs. Equipment/Tools • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: Continued on next page Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.61 open drainage systems Maintenance Category Open Drainage Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page Remove and dispose of collected materials and liquids offsite Material/Debris Disposal Solid materials removed from the site will be taken to a disposal or recycling area Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. the storm drain system. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.62 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect downgrade habitat by removing sediment. • Protect water quality. • Reduce work site pollutant runoff to watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of discharge by removing sediment loading from drainage system. • Maintain or restore storage area of sediment and other pollutants. • Remove sediment from system. • Vegetation management. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: open drainage systems Maintaining Open Drainage Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Open drainage system maintenance activities reduce the potential for sediment and debris from reaching watercourses or streams. Maintain or restore water quality by removal of sediment and other pollutants. Revegetation provides biofiltration, shading and bank stabilization. Maintain or restore sediment collection process by removal of excess sediment. This maintenance activity reduces the potential for sediment to reach downgrade fish habitat. Control flow volumes and velocities by removing sediment and repairing structures. Performing maintenance, repair, and upkeep of system. Reducing drainage system failure. Reducing risk of sediment from roadway/shoulder failure from entering aquatic habitat. Reducing erosion in unlined ditches by seeding ditch line. Increasing or improving biofiltration by seeding ditchline and disturbed soil. Maintaining or restoring velocities and peak flows by creating storage areas by cleaning ditches to reduce blockages. Providing erosion/sediment controls during maintenance work to protect water quality and reduce sediment. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.63 Maintenance Category WATERCOURSES AND STREAMS Determination of Watercourses and Streams for Maintenance Activities. WAC 220-110-020 (83): “‘Watercourse’ and ‘river or stream’ means any portion of a channel, bed, bank, or bottom waterward of the ordinary high water line of waters of the state including areas in which fish may spawn, reside, or through which they may pass, and tributary waters with defined bed or banks, which influence the quality of fish habitat This includes watercourses which flow on an intermittent basis or which fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, stormwater runoff devices, or other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural watercourse which has been altered by humans.” Activities1 Repair, replacement, installation, and maintenance tasks performed on watercourses or streams. These activities may include structural repair/ replacement, slope stabilization, sediment removal, vegetation management, debris removal, access road maintenance, habitat maintenance and improvements (for example, fish ladders, weirs, and large woody material). Some roadside ditches and stormwater facilities can be watercourses or streams. Watercourses and streams can be located within the road ROW, on easements, tracts, and public property or on private property. Proposed maintenance activities within waters of the state will be reviewed prior to work with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) staff to ensure HPA compliance. In addition to project-specific HPA requirements, road crews will adhere to the provisions of these Guidelines to ensure compliance with the Regional Program. Environmental support staff will review the planned work and contact WDFW to determine if the facility meets the definition above. Purpose • Maintenance tasks performed on roadside ditches or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams include activities such as the following: - Cleaning. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.64 - Reshaping/regrading. - Erosion control/slope stabilization. - Vegetation management. - Removing debris, trash, yard waste, and sediment. - Repairing structures. • Maintaining ditches or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams includes activities to preserve line and grade, depth and cross section, inflow and outflow of culverts (in compliance with federal, state and local regulations). • Ditches or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams are maintained when sediment, debris, or vegetation impede flows, or storage of water and sediment to a point where safety or the ROW structure is compromised. • Check dams, or similar BMP’s should not be used when maintenace activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. • Providing maintenance can reduce: - Hazardous driving conditions, particularly during cold weather. - Roadway washouts during storm events. - Flooding of adjacent property. - Saturation of the road sub-base. - Large quantities of sediment transport. - Water quality impacts. - Impacts to habitat. - Jeopardizing structural integrity of roadway system - Facilities that are not properly functioning (from a transportation infrastructure, water quality, or habitat perspective). BMP Outcomes • Maintain and restore water quality by cleaning ditches and/or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams. • Maintain or restore structure. • Minimize sediment or debris from leaving construction/repair area. • Maintain or restore surface water drainage and storage. • Maintain or restore sediment storage capacity. • Reduce flooding from plugging of system or reduced storage area. • Keep structure clear of debris, trash, and yard waste. • Reduce sediment and debris from entering watercourses or streams. watercourses and streams ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.65 • Reduce sediment conveyance through drainage system by trapping and removal. • Leave vegetated sections in ditch where sediment buildup has not impeded flow to the point of causing flood damage/hazard or overtopping a road. • Improve in-stream biofiltration. • Large woody material (LWM) may be relocated within the ROW to help maintain stream forming processes and to support fish habitat as permit, public safety, and ROW structure conditions allow. watercourses and streams Maintenance Category Watercourses and Streams BMPs Description Watercourses & Streams Maintain drainage systems that are watercourses and/or streams. Permits Maintenance activities within waters of the state will be reviewed with WDFW, and permitted with an HPA, as necessary. Scheduling Plan and schedule work in dry conditions or when flows are anticipated to be at their lowest when possible. activities. Fish Exclusion Fish will be excluded from the construction area using appropriate methods such as the use of nets, dewatering at a controlled rate, and removal of stranded fish according to HPA permit conditions. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: Disturbed Areas Follow “Fish Exclusion Protocol” (Appendix E) and permit conditions during maintenance Continued on next page • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” • “Habitat Protection/Maintenance” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. When required, habitat restoration will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable permits. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.66 watercourses and streams Maintenance Category Watercourses and Streams (Continued) BMPs Description Minimize disturbance to riparian vegetation: • Mark job site. • Flag work area. • Operate equipment to minimize damage to riparian habitat. Monitor water quality in accordance with permit requirements. Monitor plantings in accordance with permit requirements. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. Equipment/tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Disturbed Areas Continued from preceding page Material/Debris Disposal • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. Leave vegetated sections in ditchline, where sediment buildup does not impede flow or infiltration. Leave vegetative buffer of grasses and small forbs between the shoulder and ditch if the area is wide enough. Leave vegetative buffer outside of work zone to provide biofiltration and shading outside of the back slope of ditch. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.67 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect habitat. • Protect water quality. • Reduce work site pollutant runoff to watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of discharge by removing sediment loading from drainage system. • Remove sediment from system. • Identify chronic sediment deposit problem sites that require frequent sediment removal. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: watercourses and streams Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Reduce the potential for sediment and debris to adversely impact fish habitat. Maintain or restore water quality by removal of sediments and other pollutants. Revegetate to provide biofiltration, shading, and bank stabilization and promote macro- invertebrate population growth. Maintain or restore sediment collection process by removal of excess sediment. Control flow volumes and velocities by removing sediments and repairing structures. Reducing drainage system failure. Maintaining Ditches and/or Stormwater Facilities which are Watercourses or Streams Identifying chronic sediment deposit locations and potential sources of excess sediment. Provide information to agency watershed planning, regulatory agencies, and/or agency CIP program for permanent solution. Providing erosion/sediment controls during maintenance work to protect water quality and reduce sediments. Maintaining or restoring velocities and peak flows by creating storage areas by cleaning ditches to reduce blockages. Increasing or improving biofiltration by seeding ditch line and disturbed soil. Reducing erosion in unlined ditches by seeding ditch line. Reducing risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediments from entering aquatic habitat. Performing maintenance, repair, and upkeep of system. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.68 Maintenance Category STREAM CROSSINGS Activities1 Repair, cleaning, maintenance, installation or replacement/upgrade of stream crossing facilities, such as pipes, arch pipes, box culverts, fish ladders, weirs, sediment pools, access roads and bridges. Maintenance within waters of the state will be reviewed with the WDFW. PURPOSE This work is done to reduce flooding or catastrophic road failure as a result of facilities which have filled to capacity or are blocked with sediment or debris or which may be undersized, damaged, or deteriorated. Timely replacement or upgrade of these facilities is critical in terms of roadway safety, habitat protection, fish passage, and infrastructure preservation. BMP Outcomes • Maintain, repair or replace structure. • Improve or maintain fish passage (HPA). • Improve or maintain riparian habitat (HPA). • Improve or maintain streambed habitat within pipe, culvert or area within work zone (HPA). • Minimize construction/repair worksite area sediments and debris from entering watercourses, streams or water bodies. • Maintain or restore surface water drainage by performing repairs. • Reduce streambed/stream bank erosion by revegetation or stabilization of disturbed soils. • Reduce flooding and erosion from blockages of system by removing obstructions such as debris, trash, yard waste, sediment. • LWM may be relocated within the ROW to help maintain stream forming processes and to support fish habitat as permits, public safety and ROW structure conditions allow. • Check dams, or similar BMP’s should not be used when maintenace activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.69 stream crossings Maintenance Category Stream Crossings BMPs Description Permits Maintenance activities within waters of the state will be reviewed by WDFW and permitted with an HPA, as necessary. If seasonal watercourse or stream, schedule work during dry conditions. Scheduling Plan and schedule work in dry conditions or low flow conditions except in emergency situations if possible (HPA). Follow “Fish Exclusion Protocol” (Appendix E) and permit conditions during maintenance activities. Fish Exclusion Fish will be excluded from the construction area using appropriate methods such as the use of nets, dewatering at a controlled rate, and removal of stranded fish according to HPA permit conditions. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” • “Habitat Protection/Maintenance” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. All exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Minimize disturbance to riparian vegetation: • Mark job site. • Flag work area. • Position equipment to protect riparian habitat. Monitor water quality. Restore vegetation appropriate for site conditions within riparian areas. Protect outflows by bio-vegetation techniques or armoring to reduce erosion. Disturbed Areas Monitor vegetation and stream habitat in accordance with permit requirements. Continued on next page When required, habitat restoration will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable permits. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.70 stream crossings POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Repair, replace or maintain structure. • Protect habitat and watercourse or stream by performing maintenance. • Protect habitat and watercourse or stream while performing maintenance. • Reduce work site pollutant runoff. Maintenance Category Stream Crossings (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.71 stream crossings • Restore or maintain fish passage through structure. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of discharge by maintaining structure. Culvert replacement work in stream crossings can significantly contribute to conservation when that work meets the habitat goal to “restore or maintain fish passage through structure.” To that end, Washington State law and regulations require that new or retrofit culverts be designed for fish passage. (RCW 77.55.060; WAC 220-110-070). Culvert installation and replacement under these sections requires the issuance of a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). All work done under this section will comply with the HPA. To clarify the fish passage criteria defined by WAC 220-110-070, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife prepared a design manual entitled “Fish Passage Design at Road Culverts” (the Manual) (WDFW 1999). The Manual was reviewed by the National Marine Fisheries Service, which concluded that, when designing retrofit or replacements of existing culverts (The WDFW guidelines should result in improved habitat conditions with the potential to bring impaired habitat on a trend to Properly Functioning Conditions (PFC), and that using the WDFW manual while designing a new culvert should not impair PFC as long as the hydraulic and other fish passage considerations are properly applied. NMFS memorandum, Assistant Regional Administrator for Hydro Division to Assistant Regional Administrator for Habitat Conservation Division, November 28, 2001). Therefore, the Regional Program incorporates the relevant considerations for the design of new and retrofit culverts stated in the Manual, as well as other fish passage and habitat considerations addressed in the last chapter of the Manual. (As of the date of this publication, the Manual can be viewed on the Internet at Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.72 Potential Capital or Major Restoration Projects In some cases, habitat restoration work—which is beyond the scope of routine maintenance activities—might be done as capital improvement projects or as major restoration projects. In these cases, the following BMPs may apply where ROW is available and to the extent that design/habitat considerations allow: • Remove artificial bank hardening and/or channel confining structures. • Enhance or add areas of spawning, migration, feeding, or rearing habitat. • Create connections to off-channel habitat. In all cases, capital or major restoration projects must be done in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations and permit requirements. stream crossings Performing Stream Crossing Maintenance Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one of more or the following: Maintain structures. Improve fish passage. Performing maintenance. Reducing flooding and drainage system failure. Reducing the risk of sediment from roadway/shoulder failure from entering aquatic habitat and watercourse or stream. Reducing adverse habitat impacts stemming from catastrophic culvert/pipe failures. Reducing stream bank erosion by repair work and re-vegetating. Providing stream shading by planting riparian area (HPA). channels. Reducing habitat-detrimental flooding caused by a plugged system or reduced storage capacity. Flooding within the ROW can by detrimental to salmonids or habitat by introducing pollutants (bypassing structures that trap sediment or provide infiltration), stranding fish, destroying vegetation, and/or severely eroding stream Providing appropriate erosion/sediment control BMPs during maintenance work. Maintaining or restoring flow capacity and stream velocities in the vicinity of stream- crossing projects. Reduce damage to shoulders, roadways and riparian habitat that may be caused by flooding from blockages. Maintain or restore water quality by repairing, replacing or maintaining structure. Maintain or restore nutrient process by re- vegetating after land disturbance to hold sediments and to remove nutrients. Maintain or restore natural flow volumes and stream velocities in the vicinity of the stream- crossing project. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.73 Maintenance Category GRAVEL SHOULDERS Activities1 Maintenance tasks performed on gravel shoulders improve drainage, restore proper grade, restore filtering capability, maintain vegetation to provide adequate site distance, smooth rutting, and remove buildup of sediment before entering drainage system. Purpose Gravel shoulders are part of the ROW structure that runs along the edge of the roadway or surface structures. The removal of sediment, sod, and debris from the shoulder road edge is part of the sediment collection system. The filtering of sediments and the opportunity for infiltration is part of the water flow system. Maintenance activities are performed to ensure the gravel shoulder functions as a filter for sediments, provides biofiltration, and controls surface water runoff. Maintenance of a vegetative buffer (grasses and small forbs) between the shoulder and ditch, if the area is wide enough, reduces erosion. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Minimize the amount of construction or repair to reduce the amount of worksite sediments and debris to from entering watercourses, streams or water bodies. • Restore or maintain surface water drainage. • Reduce or trap sediments in gravel. • Reduce road surface flooding by allowing water to run off roadway. • Reduce turbidity. • Allow infiltration of water through gravel. • In areas where open ditch sections abut the roadway, use gravel and vegetation on the roadway shoulder to provide a filter strip for runoff before water enters the ditch. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.74 BMPs gravel shoulders Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders Continued on next page BMPs Description Perform Maintenance. Remove builtup sediment and sod. Restore gravel shoulder. Gravel Shoulders Roll shoulder material to ensure proper grade and retention of sediment control qualities. Scheduling Periodically remove sediment deposits and vegetation during the dry season when possible with a motor grader. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories as appropriate at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and/or installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Minimize disturbance to vegetation outside of shoulder area. Leave vegetative strip where possible between the gravel and ditch line for biofiltration. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.75 gravel shoulders Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Use pickup sweepers to remove materials from roadway in assigned areas. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Material/Debris Disposal At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.76 Gravel Shoulder Maintenance Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality by reducing worksite pollutants. Maintain or restore sediment transport process. Gravel and grass trap and remove sediment before entering ditch or surface water. Maintain or restore nutrient process by re- vegetating disturbed soil. Control flow volumes and velocities (sheet flow vs. point discharge) by performing shoulder maintenance. Increase opportunities for infiltration by placing gravel on the edge of the roadway. Maintain, repair, or replace shoulder area to: • Slow velocity. • Reduce turbidity. • Reduce flooding and ponding on roadway. • Reduce splashing off roadway. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents, which, in turn, reduces risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. In addition it reduces structural damage to watercourses and stream systems. Reducing roadway or shoulder failure that reduces the risk of sediment entering aquatic habitat as a result of roadway and shoulder failure, and reduces sub-base damage. Using erosion/sediment control BMPs during maintenance activities. Controlling, reducing and/or removing sediment before it reaches watercourses, streams or water bodies. POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse, stream and other water bodies. • Restore or maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by cleaning and maintaining shoulders for sheet flow and infiltration. • Reduce sediment transport by removing sediment before it enters watercourses and/or streams. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration and/or biofiltration. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: gravel shoulders ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.77 Maintenance Category STREET SURFACE CLEANING Activities1 Removing soil, organic material, dust, trash and other debris to keep road surfaces clean and remove sediment from the roadway before it enters the storm drain system, surface water system, watercourses, streams or other water bodies. The removal of dust also reduces airborne pollution and sediment loading. Purpose Street cleaning the ROW surface structure traps and removes large quantities of sediment. Roadways and surface structures are part of the sediment and water collection system. Street surface cleaning activities are performed to provide a safe roadway surface for the traveling public. Sweeping reduces sediment loading to the drainage system, surface waters, watercourses, streams and other water bodies. Soil, organic material, other debris and pollutants are removed before entering watercourses, stream and/or other water bodies. BMP Outcomes • Clean roadway surface. • Remove soil, organics, solid waste and debris from entering watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Reduce turbidity. • Restore surface water drainage by cleaning curbs and drain inlets. • Improve water quality by removing sediment. • Minimize flooding caused by plugged drains. • Reduce sediment loading of shoulders, ditches, detention ponds and watercourses and/or streams. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.78 BMPs street surface cleaning Maintenance Category Street Surface Cleaning BMPs Description Pre-Activity Use cleanup procedures that protect water quality. Control speed of sweeper to minimize airborne particulates and remove maximum amount of debris. Use water spray system on sweeper to reduce dust. Use pickup sweepers to remove materials from roadway in assigned areas. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Material/Debris Disposal Remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.79 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Restore or preserve water quality. • Protect watercourses, streams and/or other water bodies by performing maintenance. • Reduce sediment transport and loading of drainage systems, watercourses or streams, or other water bodies. • Reduce sediment and pollutant transport and loading of drainage systems, watercourses, streams or other water bodies. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: street surface cleaning Street Cleaning Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality by reducing sediment, pollutants, and debris from entering drainage systems, watercourses, streams and/or other water bodies. Maintain or restore sediment transport process by removing sediment before it enters: • Catch basins/Manholes. • Detention/Retention ponds. • Swales. • Pipes. • Inlets. • Ditches. • Shoulders. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents that, in turn, reduces risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. In addition it reduces structural damage to watercourses and stream systems. Reducing sediments and contaminants from reaching the stormwater, watercourse, stream system and other water bodies. Reducing occurrence of debris clogged drain inlets. Reducing flooding and drainage system failure by removing surface and curb line sediments and debris. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.80 Maintenance Category BRIDGE MAINTENANCE Activities1 Bridge maintenance activities include inspecting, testing, repairing, replacing, maintaining, painting or resurfacing components of the bridge such as the electrical system, substructure, superstructure, surface footings, piers, supports, access roads, abutments, ramps, and vegetation management. Purpose Bridge repair, replacement, installation, and maintenance activities are performed to provide a safe roadway system for the traveling public, and to protect bridge infrastructure according to local, state and federal regulations. This, in turn, protects the stream, riparian habitat, and streambank by limiting the number of crossings through the habitat area. BMP Outcomes • Improve or maintain fish passage (HPA). • Improve or maintain riparian habitat (HPA). • Improve or maintain streambed habitat (HPA). • Reduce sediment at construction or repair area. • Reduce streambed or streambank erosion. • Reduce flooding by removal of blockages. • Reduce failure of structure. • Reduce debris from entering waterway. • Large woody material (LWM) may be relocated within the ROW to help maintain stream forming processes and to support fish habitat as permit, public safety, and ROW structure conditions allow. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.81 bridge maintenance Maintenance Category Bridge Maintenance BMPs Description Permits Bridge maintenance activities requiring an HPA will be reviewed with the WDFW and permitted prior to construction in accordance with the HPAs. Scheduling If bridge maintenance is to be performed in a seasonal watercourse or stream, schedule the work during dry conditions if possible. Maintain or add areas of spawning, migration, feeding, or rearing habitat as directed by WDFW (HPA) permit, public safety, and ROW structure conditions allow. Habitat Measures Place appropriate streambed material (HPA) Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water,” • “Settling,” • “Habitat Protection/Maintenance” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and/or installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Monitor water quality in accordance with permit requirements. Restore vegetation where appropriate for site conditions within riparian areas (HPA). Disturbed Areas Minimize disturbance to riparian vegetation: • Mark job site. • Flag work area. • Operate equipment to minimize damage to riparian habitat. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. Tool and Equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Equipment/Tools Continued on next page BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.82 bridge maintenance Maintenance Category Bridge Maintenance (Continued) BMPs Description Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Material/Debris Disposal Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.83 bridge maintenance POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Contribute to the restoration and/or enhancement of aquatic habitat (HPA). • Control worksite pollutant run-off. • Maintain or restore fish passage through structure. • Maintain or restore water quality off bridge by maintaining drainage system. • Repair, replace or maintain structure. • Maintain habitat and watercourse or stream by performing maintenance. • Reduce flooding. • Preserve or restore watercourse or stream velocities impaired by blockages in the vicinity of the bridge maintenance activity. Conservation objectives and how those objectives are achieved are shown on the following table: Bridge Maintenance Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Performing maintenance. Reducing flooding on bridge surface. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents that, in turn, reduces risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. Modify artificial barriers that are not part of structure to maintain or enhance fish habitat (HPA). • Drainage repair/cleaning. Maintain or restore water quality by performing maintenance such as: • Surface repair/cleaning. • Structure repair/cleaning. Providing shade along watercourses or streams by planting riparian area outside of bridge site (HPA, federal, state, or other regulations). Providing erosion/sediment control BMPs during maintenance work. Structural damage to watercourses and stream systems is reduced by not having vehicles leave the road surface. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.84 Maintenance Category #10: SNOW AND ICE CONTROL Activities1 Road maintenance crews are responsible for sanding and plowing operations during periods of freezing weather. Snow and ice removal is considered to be work of such importance that it is classified as an emergency operation. Safety for the traveling public and road department personnel shall be given primary consideration at all times. Snow and ice removal reduces vehicle accidents that may adversely impact sensitive areas. Post-event cleanup is considered a continuation of the event and removal of sediment from the road surface reduces sediment loading and preserves water quality. Purpose These activities are performed to provide a reasonably safe roadway surface for the traveling public, which in turn protects the environment by reducing accidents and vehicles leaving the roadway. BMP Outcomes • Provide a reasonably safe roadway surface for the traveling public. • Minimize pollutants resulting from vehicle accidents such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and road wash-off from entering storm drainage/stream system. • Reduce salt and other chemicals from entering water bodies. • Reduce the occurrence of vehicles leaving the road surface and entering sensitive areas. • Reduce sediment loading to sensitive areas. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.85 BMPs snow and ice control Maintenance Category #10: Snow and Ice Control BMPs Description Minimize use of salt by reducing salt-to-sand ratios. Treat sand cleanup as part of the emergency: remove sand as a priority in order to remove sediments. Plow snow in areas that allow vegetation to filter and contain sand. Prioritize cleanup efforts to aquatic habitat areas to minimize impacts. Operational Equipment/Tools Tool and Equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Material/Debris Disposal Remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Prioritize cleanup in areas without sediment collection systems. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.86 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Maintain or restore water quality. • Protect aquatic habitat and riparian area. Conservation objectives and how those objectives are achieved are shown on the following table: snow and ice control Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Reduce vehicle accidents to: • Reduce risk of petroleum and debris entering aquatic habitat. • Reduce structural damage to stream system. • Reduce vehicles from entering drainage, surface water or habitat. Reduce sediment transport by cleaning sand from roadway. Removing sand from roadway surface reduces sediment contribution to adjacent water bodies and reduces dust and minimizes resulting air quality impacts. Reducing salt and chemical use maintains water quality. Improving traction reduces accidents, which reduces pollutants from entering aquatic habitats. Improving traction to keep vehicles on roadway and out of aquatic habitats or riparian areas. Snow and Ice Control ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.87 Maintenance Category #11: EMERGENCY SLIDE/WASHOUT REPAIR Activities1 Slides and washouts are caused by the impact of heavy rainfall or freeze and thaw conditions on unstable and/or saturated soils. Slides and washouts may occur on the slope above or below roadways, private property, or sensitive areas. Slide or washout repair activities may include the following: removal of slide/washout material from ROW; backfilling or stabilizing slope, reestablishment of damaged roadway structures; repairing and cleaning drainage system, restoring access road, revegetating, and/or armoring with rock. Purpose This emergency response activity is done to protect the public, to repair the roadway system, and to prevent further damage to the roadway, private property and/or the environment. The initial response to emergencies relating to slide and washout repair is covered under Program Element 7, Emergency Response. After the emergency is stabilized, the work is covered under this maintenance category. BMP Outcomes • Control sediment and debris from ROW. • Stabilize slide/washout area within the ROW to reduce environmental, transportation and/or structural impacts. • Repair roadways, repair access roads, surface drainage, storm water system, and/or other ROW structures. BMPs 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.88 emergency slide/washout repair Maintenance Category #11: Emergency Slide/Washout Repair BMPs Description Permits Maintenance within waters of the state will be reviewed by WDFW, and permitted with an HPA, as necessary. Where practical and without jeopardizing the emergency response, in a timely manner, “Fish Exclusion Protocol” (Appendix E) and permit conditions will be followed during maintenance activities. Fish Exclusion Fish will be excluded from the construction area using appropriate methods such as the use of nets, dewatering at a controlled rate, and removal of stranded fish according to HPA permit conditions. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces,” and/or • “Keep Water from Work Area.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Equipment/Tools • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. Material/Debris Disposal Continued on next page Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. When required habitat restoration will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable permits. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.89 emergency slide/washout repair Maintenance Category #11: Emergency Slide/Washout Repair (Continued) BMPs Description • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.90 emergency slide/washout repair POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Reduce erosion/sedimentation to restore water quality. • Reduce sediment loading offsite. • Contribute to the restoration of aquatic habitat (HPA). • Encourage revegetation to stabilize slope and provide riparian habitat near aquatic habitat. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water in order to control flow rate and velocity of discharge by restoring the damaged structure. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: Slide/Washout Repair Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Preserve or restore water quality by removing slide material. Maintain or restore sediment transport process by opening roadway, ditches, and closed drainage systems. Maintain or restore nutrient process by revegetating after land disturbance in order to hold sediments and to remove nutrients. Maintain or restore flow volumes and stream velocities. Reducing catastrophic road failure. Removing slide material from the ROW. Reducing the risk of slide material entering aquatic habitat. Reducing flooding on roadway by clearing roadway, ditches, and/or closed drainage systems. Flooding within the ROW can by detrimental to aquatic habitat by introducing pollutants (bypassing structures which trap sediment or provide infiltration), stranding fish, destroying vegetation, or severely eroding stream channels. Providing erosion/sediment control BMPs during, and following, maintenance work within the slide or washout area. Re-vegetate disturbed soils. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.91 Maintenance Category #12: CONCRETE Activities1 Maintenance activities performed on the concrete structures, such as concrete roadways, sidewalks, driveways, curb and gutter sections include the following: removal or repair of damaged sections and installation of new structures. Purpose These activities are performed to provide a safe roadway and pedestrian traffic infrastructure and to maintain adequate conveyance of surface water to drainage systems. BMP Outcomes • Reduce velocities by opening curb cuts for sheet flow when possible. • Increase infiltration by opening curb cuts when possible. • Minimize pollutants from leaving maintenance or repair area. • Improve surface water drainage. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.92 BMPs concrete Maintenance Category #12: Concrete BMPs Description Part 2 BMP (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Containment” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.93 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Reduce pollutant runoff to restore water quality. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: concrete Concrete Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or improve water quality. Maintain or restore stormwater conveyance. Maintain or restore sediment transport process by repairing road, curb or other ROW structure. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents. Lowering the number of accidents reduces the risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. In addition, it reduces structural damage to watercourses and stream systems. Reducing roadway or shoulder failure which reduces the risk of sediment entering aquatic habitat as a result of roadway and shoulder failure and reduces sub-base damage. Using appropriate erosion/sediment control BMPs. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.94 Maintenance Category #13: SEWER SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replace, install, and maintain operating components of sewer facilities, including, but not limited to, treatment facilities, lift stations, pump stations, main lines, collection lines, trunk lines, interceptors, lake lines, access roads, associated ROW and storage/detention facilities. Purpose To maintain the integrity of the infrastructure, to provide additional services or components, to maintain operational reliability, and to protect public health and safety. Ensure that the sewer/storm system efficiently collects and removes water from the ROW to achieve the following: • Permit the maximum use of the roadway. • Reduce damage to roadway structures. • Protect the abutting property from damages. • Restore surface water drainage in combined sewer/storm systems. • Manage vegetation. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Minimize work site pollutants from construction/repair area. • Reduce sediment conveyance by trapping and removal of sediment from the work site. • Restore or maintain surface water drainage. • Restore or maintain water quality: - Remove debris. - Remove trash. - Reduce turbidity. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.95 BMPs sewer systems Maintenance Category #13: Sewer Systems BMPs Description Sewer System Maintain sewer system. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Keep Water from Work Area” and/or • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season –October through June–no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season –July through September–no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Continued on next page • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.96 sewer systems POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse and/or stream. • Reduce worksite pollutants to restore or maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by repairing and maintaining sewer system. • Reduce sediment transport from system breaks by maintaining and repairing system. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration or biofiltration. Conservation objectives and how those objectives are achieved are shown on the following table: Maintenance Category #13: Sewer Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceeding page If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.97 sewer systems Repair, Replacement, and Installation of Sewer Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore functional components of the sewer system reduce sediment loading to: • Watercourses and/or streams. • Manholes. • Pump stations. • Main lines, trunk lines, lake lines and outfalls. • Side sewer connections. Maintain or restore functional components of sewer system to reduce sewage released to watercourses and/or streams. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by repairing surface areas, roadway, ditches, shoulder and repairing structures. Reduce/Remove sediment from drainage system. Trap and remove sediment before entering watercourses and/or streams. Repair plugged lines, brakes, or blockages to reduce: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. • Sewage releases. Performing repairs, replacement, and installation of systems. Reducing sewer system failure: • Reduces risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat and watercourses and/or streams. Using erosion/sediment controls during construction/maintenance. Reducing flooding, erosion, sediment and sewage releases from broken, or damaged, system by making repairs. Re-vegetate disturbed soils ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.98 Maintenance Category #14: WATER SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replace, install and maintain operating components of water system facilities including, but not limited to, treatment plant, transmission mains, distribution lines, fire flow systems, reservoirs, tunnels, pump stations, meters, flushing, dewatering, services, access roads, and associated ROWs or water system structures. Purpose To maintain the integrity of the infrastructure, to collect, treat and distribute, clean drinking water, to provide additional service and components, to maintain operational reliability, and to protect health and safety issues. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Reduce sediment from entering watercourses, streams and aquatic habitat areas as a result of maintenance work. • Minimize work site pollutants from construction/repair area. • Reduce sediment conveyance by repairing damaged, broken, or leaking parts of a system. • Restore or maintain water quality by making repairs: - Remove debris. - Remove sediment. - Restore surface grade. - Restore ditch line. - Restore road surface. • Reduce turbidity by making repairs. • Reduce flooding from broken pipes. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.99 BMPs water systems Maintenance Category #14: Water Systems BMPs Description Water System Maintain water system. Develop protocols for dechlorination of water. Operational Develop a flushing program. Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Keep Water from Work Area” and/or • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Equipment/Tools • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Continued on next page • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters,antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.100 Maintenance Category #14: Water Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Equipment/Tools Continued from preceeding page At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. water systems BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.101 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse and/or stream. • Reduce worksite pollutants to restore or maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by restoring surface after installation, repair or replacement of underground piping. • Reduce sediment transport from system breaks by maintaining and repairing system. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration or biofiltration where possible. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: water systems Repair, Replacement, and Installation of Water Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore functional components of the water system and reduce sediment loading to watercourses and/or streams from: • Leaks. • Breaks. • Damaged. • Replacement. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by repairing water system structures. The repair of breaks or leaks reduces: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. Performing repairs, replacement, and installation of systems. Repairing water system failure: • Reduces risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat and watercourses and/or streams. Using erosion/sediment controls during construction/maintenance. Reducing flood erosion and sediment loading from broken or damaged system by making repairs. Re-vegetate disturbed soils ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.102 Maintenance Category #15: Vegetation Activities1 Activities include repair, replacement, installation, removal and/or maintainance of the vegetation within the ROW. Vegetation is an integral part of the road ROW structure. Vegetation maintenance includes, but is not limited, to mechanical, chemical, cultural and biological control. It also includes the systems and structues that support the vegetation. Purpose The primary purpose of vegetation maintenance is to promote, maintain, sustain, manage, or encourage vegetation growing within the ROW to comply with a variety of regulations and standards. Activities include suppressing non- desirable vegetation and enhancing desirable vegetation to accomplish the following: • Minimize competition between desirable and non-desirable vegetation. • Control or suppress pest infestations. • Protect disturbed soils. • Meet public safety requirements. • Improve visibility. • Improve surface and subsurface drainage. • Reduce potential fire risk. • Pollution control. • Reduce dust. • Reduce erosion. • Maintain water quality. • Protect habitat. • Reduce pavement deterioration. • Reduce deterioration of ROW structures. • Encourage infiltration. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.103 Complying with vegetation regulations and standards for each system within the ROW structure may involve coordination with but not limited to any of the following regulations: • Labor & Industry (L&I) regulations. • Pipeline safety. • Electrical regulations. • Water regulations. • Sewer regulations. • Roadway regulations. • HPA regulations. • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulations. • Ecology regulations • Dike and dam regulations. • Local ordinances and codes. • Department of Agriculture regulations. • Noxious Weed control regulations. Although the Services are not considering herbicide use for take limits, reduction or elimination of the take prohibition, BMPs for road maintenance herbicide use are included in the Guidelines. These BMPs are included to ensure that agencies electing to use herbicides as part of their vegetation management program do so appropriately. This includes fertilizers that contain herbicides and pesticides. Roadside Vegetation Management Zones For the purposes of this program, roadsides are divided into three typical vegetation management zones reflecting specific roadside management objectives for curbed and non-curbed roadways. The zones are: 1) vegetation- free, 2) operational, and 3) transitional. All zones should be managed to support the dual vegetation management roles for maximum environmental benefits while meeting regulations and standards. Although three zones are described in this maintenance category, not all zones are applicable to every ROW. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.104 1. Zone 1 (Vegetation-Free Zone) The vegetation management objective in Zone 1 is to maintain an area free of vegetation. This maintenance is performed for fire control and to improve surface drainage to expedite runoff from paved surfaces into drainage structures. Zone 1 maintenance is also performed to improve visibility and reduce breakup of pavement and deterioration of roadside structures and hardware. Curbed Roadways. Zone 1 begins at the curb face and extends to the back of the sidewalk, including guardrails, signs, and other roadway hardware. Non-curbed Roadways. Zone 1 on non-curbed roadways begins at the edge of the traveled way or paved shoulder. It extends to include all unpaved shoulder areas, guardrails, and other roadway hardware to a point where rock base material intercepts native soil or dirt fill. 2. Zone 2 (Operational Zone) The objective of vegetation management in Zone 2 is to maintain the functional characteristics of the ROW structure while complying with regulations and standards. The ROW structure includes drainage facilities such as ditches and gutters. Landscaping, both public and private, may be included in Zone 2. Zone 2 maintenance preserves or enhances sight distances to signs, on curves, and at intersections. It also reduces erosion and undesirable plant species while enhancing motorists’ ability to see pedestrians and animals. Curbed Roadways. On curbed roadways, Zone 2 begins at the back of the curb or sidewalk. Zone 2 extends away from the road to include the roadside ditch or other drainage features, regulatory signs, and the remainder of the ROW involving sight distances, developed ROW, clear zones or public safety. Zone 2 extends to the edge of Zone 3, when Zone 3 exists. Non-curbed Roadways. On non-curbed roadways, Zone 2 begins at the outside edge of Zone 1, or at the pavement edge if no Zone 1 exists. Zone 2 extends away from the road to include the roadside ditch or other drainage features, regulatory signs, and the remainder of the ROW involving sight distances, developed ROW, clear zones, or public safety. Zone 2 extends to the edge of Zone 3, when Zone 3 exists. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.105 3. ZONE 3 (TRANSITION ZONE) The objective of vegetation management in Zone 3 is to minimize maintenance efforts in the outer edges of undeveloped portions of the ROW. Zone 3 creates a compatible transition area between Zone 2, the operating road ROW, and the abutting land until the ROW is needed for its dedicated purpose. When Zone 3 occurs, it extends away from the edge of Zone 2, to the limit of the road ROW. TYPES OF VEGETATION MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES There are four types of vegetation maintenance activities, which are generally called “controls.” They are mechanical, chemical, cultural and biological controls: 1. MECHANICAL CONTROL Mechanical control techniques involve the use of mechanical tools or motorized equipment to manage desirable vegetation or suppress non- desirable vegetation to minimize competition. The work involves grass mowing, brush mowing, manual or power brush cutting. Another mechanical control is tree maintenance, which includes pruning and removing trees to maximize longevity, environmental benefits, and public safety. a. Grass Mowing Grass mowing is used to control the growth of planted or natural grasses and other types of vegetation from encroaching upon the ROW, road pavement, gravel shoulder, and flow lines of roadside ditches. Grass mowing may be used to meet regulation and operational requirements within the other maintenance categories. The actual area mown should reflect the need to meet specific, pre-defined goals and objectives for a particular ROW area. The actual number of cuts, however, may vary depending on the vegetation makeup and budget. Generally, road ROW areas are mowed twice a year and most access road ROW areas once a year. (Mowing in certain areas may be higher or lower than these stated generalities due to regulations or operational requirements.) vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.106 Finished cut height for grasses is generally 2 to 6 inches aboveground. The finished cut height for other ground cover species is generally 12 inches or greater aboveground. Grass mowing at some sites is the only way to control vegetation. Sites such as culvert ends, streams, ponds, ditches with year-round water and other ‘herbicide sensitive’ sites are often maintained by mowing if the site is accessible to suitable equipment. Mowing equipment could consist of tractor-mounted rotary or flail mowers equipped with either grass- or brush-cutting blades. Trimming and edging tools are usually handheld string trimmers or blade trimmers and edgers. Hand tools for trimming may be used on special occasions. b. Brush Mowing Mechanical brush mowing is used as a control technique to remove the undesirable growth of brush species, small trees, and other vegetation. Such growth may interfere with safe operation of the facility and/or maintenance of the ROW structure including drainage systems. This work is usually done in the area beyond the grass-mowing limit, most often beyond the backslope of the ditch in Zone 2 to the edge of Zone 3. Brush mowing in Zone 3 would be used for selective control of brush. (Brush mowing, however, may be used to control brush in all three zones.) Brush mowing can be done in conjunction with herbicide treatments. The timing of cutting is critical to enhancing rather than negating herbicide activity. Consult the herbicide label to determine proper sequencing or delay of mowing either before or after herbicide application. At some sites, mowing brush is the only way to accomplish vegetation control without herbicide application. Sites such as culvert ends, streams, ponds, ditches with year-round water and other ‘herbicide sensitive’ sites can be maintained by mowing. (Herbicide application can also be used following proper regulations and types of herbicides that are allowed at a specific site.) Equipment usually involves a tractor-mounted boom flail-type mower with blades designed to cut either brush or small trees. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.107 c. Manual Brush Cutting Manual brush cutting is a technique to control the growth of brush species, small trees, and other vegetation in small areas, where mobilization of brush mowing equipment and associated flaggers and signs is not practicable. This work is often used to accomplish selective removal, and is usually done in Zones 2 or 3 on the portion of ROW structure that is beyond grass mowing limits. Equipment used in manual brush cutting could be chainsaws, brush saws (string, wire or blade types), pruning saws, lopper/pruners or any other type of hand-held power equipment. Chippers or grinders may be used to dispose of the debris resulting from the cutting operation. Chips should be spread over the site if desirable or hauled offsite. d. Aerial Saw Work Aerial saw work includes any work accomplished by raising a worker up, or having a worker climb off the ground to maintain vegetation. Aerial saw work is a method used to trim tree limbs and remove both undesirable trees and vegetation. The goal is to meet clearance heights over roads, electrical wires, sidewalks, and other ROW structures to promote better public safety and to minimize future damage to utilities and equipment. e. Cultivation Disturbance of soil and/or weeds by cultivation is another method of vegetation management. This method can be used to keep Zone 1 areas free of vegetation or for selective prevention or elimination of weeds around desirable plants in Zones 2 or 3. Cultivation can be accomplished with either hand tools or power equipment. Hoes, rakes, rototillers and road graders are examples of equipment. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.108 2. CHEMICAL CONTROL Application of herbicides may occur at any time of the year allowed by the product label and the following guidelines: • Zone 1 treatments will generally be accomplished by the use of pre- and post-emergent non-selective herbicides applied in early spring. • Zones 2 and 3 vegetation management generally involves the use of selective herbicides. • Applications in Zones 2 and 3 may be summer foliage, or dormant stem, stump or modified basal treatments when allowed by the label. • Where site conditions or herbicide label restrictions preclude the use of herbicides, mowers and other methods will be utilized. 3. CULTURAL CONTROL Cultural control involves enhancing the vigor of desirable plants so that they can eventually crowd out or prevent encroachment by undesirable plants. Cultural control techniques only work within Zones 2 and 3. a. Fertilizers on Weak Stands of Grass An example of cultural control is the use of fertilizers on weak grass stands to enable vigorous grass stands to overtake weeds. b. Barriers Use of physical barriers can be classified as a cultural control technique. Barriers stop plant growth originating below the barrier by physically preventing it from reaching the soil surface. In the case of germinating weed seed above the barrier, control is accomplished by preventing the roots of seedlings from reaching the soil. 4. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Biological control of vegetation involves using living organisms to destroy or compete with the undesirable plant. These living organisms include insects, disease organisms (parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.), plants, livestock, rodents, and fish. These natural enemies are usually brought in from areas of the world where the undesirable plant is native and is controlled by these natural predators. Predators are tested to make sure that they affect only the target plant and not any other economically important plants or animals. Once deemed safe, they are turned loose against the target plant. Examples of vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.109 effective biological control utilizing natural predators in ROW areas are the Cinnabar Moth and Flea Beetle on Tansy Ragwort, and the Beetle on Klamathweed or Goatweed. Another application of biological control agents involves reintroducing native plants to a site. These plants are introduced to an area where they grow more rapidly and outcompete existing weeds and exotic vegetation. Native species are well adapted to site conditions and most will overtake and outcompete weeds. Where applicable, vegetation maintenance will be conducted in all 15 maintenance categories described in the Guidelines. BMP Outcomes: • Improved water quality. • Improved air quality. • Increased sight distance. • Improved visibility of shoulder for emergencies and obstacles. • Reduce shading on roadway (reduced icing, reduced accidents). • Reduced fire hazard. • Compliance with pipeline safety and easement regulations. • Facilitation of inspection and maintenance of other features and structures. • Reduced flooding. • Improved driver guidance (provides visual definition). • Improved pedestrian safety (divides uses: pedestrian rather than vehicular). • Reduced storm (blow down) hazard. • Reduced overspray (irrigation system malfunction) hazard. • Improve drainage by increasing infiltration and percolation. • Reduce spread of noxious weeds and undesirable vegetation. • Limit erosion. • Increase biofiltration. • Lower herbicide use when used in conjunction with other BMPs or other integrated management components. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.110 vegetation Maintenance Category #15: Vegetation BMPs Description ROW Shoulder Work Maximize opportunities for shoulder work, which will increase infiltration or biofiltration. (See also Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders). Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories in Part 2 at or around the worksite to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or worksite pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies. Types of BMP categories: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Reduce Potential for Soil Becoming Water or Air Borne,” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2-BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by applying BMPs that protect soil from erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season –July through September–no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Disturbed Areas Mowing • Grass mowing finished height of 2 to 6 inches to minimize scalping of soil surface. • Do not mow below ordinary high water mark of streams or waterways. Brush Cutting • Grass cutting finished height 2 to 6 inches to minimize scalping of soil surface. • Native brush vegetation cutting finished height of 12 inches to maximize growth of desirable vegetation. • Do not brush cut below the ordinary high water mark of streams and waterways. Hand Cutting • Grass mowing finished height of 2 to 6 inches to minimize scalping of soil surface. • Do not mow below the ordinary high water mark of streams or waterways. Perform repairs, replacement, and maintenance of roadway vegetation. Seeding • Avoid overspray into streams, ponds, lakes or wetlands. • Cover all exposed soil within project limits to avoid erosion. Continued on next page Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. Chipping • Spread chips evenly along Zones 2 or 3. • Remove chips from project site. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.111 vegetation BMPs Description Maintenance Category #15: Vegetation (Continued) Chemical Application • Follow state and federal requirements, along with product label instructions. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools, and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as the following: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries,hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in area where pollutants can be contained. Equipment/Tools If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Material/Debris Disposal If area is swept with a pick-up sweeper, the material will be hauled out of the area to appropriate disposal site. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.112 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Improve drainage by reducing erosion. • Reduce the spread of noxious weeds and undesirable vegetation. • Limit erosion. • Provide shading/reduce water temperature. • Suppress non-desirable vegetation. • Enhance desirable vegetation. • Provide habitat for macro-invertebrates upon which aquatic species feed. • Increase biofiltration. • Lower herbicide use. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Reduce erosion. Re-vegetation of disturbed areas provides: • Biofiltration. • Shading. • Bank stabilization. • Food. • Cover. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by repairing ROW system structures and vegetation maintenance provides: • Reduces erosion. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. Performing repairs, replacement, installation and maintenance of vegetation in the ROW • Re-vegetation of disturbed soils. Using erosion/sediment controls during maintenance. Reducing flood erosion and sediment from broken or damaged system by managing vegetation. Repair, Replacement, Installation and Maintenance of ROW Vegetation Maintain or restore water quality. • Nutrient process. • Holds sediments. • Removes nutrients. • Reduce noxious weeds. • Reduce undesirable vegetation. • Increase shading. • Enhance desirable vegetation. Leave vegetation within ditches if not affecting flow or operation. Protect vegetation outside of work site. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.113 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- PART 2 — BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.3 Part 2 — Best Management Practices Table of Contents Processes And Principles Of Erosion And Sedimentation 2.5 Activity and BMP Planning/Selection Sample Checklist #1 2.7 Activity and BMP Pre-Construction/Maintenance Sample Checklist #2 2.8 Activity and BMP Implementation Sample Checklist 2.9 Activity and BMP Routine Part 1 BMPs Sample Checklist #4 2.10 The Eight Outcome Categories Keep Water From Work 2.11 Reduce Potential for Soil From Becoming Water Borne – Or Air Borne 2.12 Filter/Perimeter 2.13 Settling 2.14 Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive 2.15 Containment 2.16 Habitat Protection/Maintenance 2.17 Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water 2.18 BMP/Outcome Categories Matrix 2.19 BMPs Aqua Barrier 2.21 Back of Slope Planting 2.24 Cofferdam 2.26 Coir Fabric 2.29 Coir Log 2.31 Concrete Containment 2.34 Concrete Containment 2.37 Construction Access Road 2.39 Continuous 2.42 Curb Inlet Sediment 2.45 Dewatering 2.50 Diaper Netting 2.52 Ditch Lining 2.54 Diversion Berm 2.56 Diversion Channel 2.58 Dust Control 2.61 Excelsior Filled Log 2.63 Filter 2.65 Grass Lined Channel 2.67 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) BMPs Continued Gravel Filled Sump 2.71 Half Round Filter 2.72 Hand Seeding 2.75 2.77 Inlet Protection 2.79 Kimble Filter Pipe 2.86 Large Woody Material 2.88 Live Staking 2.93 Mulching 2.97 Plastic Covering 2.99 Plywood Work Platform 2.101 Rip Rap 2.103 Rock Check Dam 2.105 2.109 Sedimentation Sump 2.113 Silt Fence 2.114 Silt Mat 2.117 Siltation Pond/Settling Tank 2.119 Soil Stabilization (Blankets And Matting) 2.122 Straw Bale Barrier 2.127 Straw Bale Barrier 2.130 Straw Bale Barrier 2.135 Straw Log 2.138 Stream Bank Stabilization (Bio-engineering) 2.141 Stream Bypass 2.142 Streambed Gravel 2.146 Surface Roughening 2.148 Sweeping 2.152 Temporary Sediment Trap 2.155 Triangular Silt Dike 2.158 Turbidity Curtain 2.162 Vactoring 2.166 Vegetative 2.168 Washed 2.170 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.5 Processes and Principles of Erosion and Sedimentation S oil disturbance, whether by natural forces or by construction and maintenance activities, can accelerate the rate of erosion. Careful planning combined with proper selection and installation of erosion control measures can reduce the impact of construction and maintenance related erosion. SOIL EROSION PROCESS • Splash erosion results when raindrops fall on bare or sparsely vegetated soil and detach the soil particles. • Sheet erosion occurs when these soil particles are transported in a thin layer, or sheet, by flowing water. • Rills and gullies are formed by concentrated, high velocity sheet flow. More soil detaches, increasing the erosion damage. • Stream and channel erosion occurs by even higher rates of velocity and steepness of slope. • Wind erosion occurs during dry weather conditions and high winds. Size of particles being moved is related to wind velocity. Particles moved by wind may cause air pollution, soil loss and/or water quality degradation. Water quality and fish habitat are the major concerns associated with soil movement. BMPs combined with training and oversight will enable road maintenance personnel to lessen the effects of soil erosion from the work site. PRINCIPLES OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL Effective erosion and sedimentation control requires first that the soil surface be protected from the erosive forces of wind, rain, and runoff, and second that eroded soil is controlled onsite. The following principles shall be integrated into a system of control measures and management techniques to control erosion and reduce offsite sediment migration. Minimize the Extent and Duration of Exposure Scheduling can be a very effective means of reducing the hazards of erosion. Schedule construction activities to minimize the exposed area and the duration of exposure. Maintenance activities can not always be scheduled, it is important to stabilize disturbed areas as quickly as possible in scheduled or unscheduled maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.6 Protect Areas to be Disturbed from Stormwater Runoff Use berms, diversions, pumps, dams, barriers, sediment traps and constructed waterways to intercept runoff and divert it away from cut-and- fill slopes or other disturbed areas. Install these measures before beginning maintenance and/or land disturbing activities. Stabilize Disturbed Areas Removing the vegetative cover and altering the soil structure by clearing the surface may increase an area’s susceptibility to erosion. Apply stabilizing measures after the land is disturbed and implement temporary or permanent vegetation, mulches, or other BMP’s to correspond with maintenance activities. During the winter season, October through June, no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. During the summer season, July through September, no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. This condition applies to all soils on site, whether at final grade or not. Minimize Runoff Velocities Clearing existing vegetation may reduce the surface roughness and infiltration rate, thereby increasing runoff velocities and volumes. Use measures that break the slopes to reduce the problems associated with concentrated flow volumes and runoff velocities. Retain Sediment on the Site Even with careful planning, some erosion is unavoidable. The resulting sediment can be reduced by BMP placement that reduce on site erosion. Plan the location where sediment deposition will occur and maintain access for maintenance cleanout. Plan, install and use sediment trap and basin BMPs before other land-disturbing activities (except in emergencies). Inspect and Maintain BMPs Inspection and maintenance of BMPs is vital to the performance of erosion and sedimentation BMPs. It is essential to inspect all BMPs to determine that they are working properly and to ensure that problems are corrected as they are detected. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.7 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Planning and Selection Sample Checklist #1 Figure 14 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support staff or 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMPs from Part 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand all permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward.. 11. Prepare construction/maintenance schedule, and/or sequence (Including installing, monitoring, maintaining, and removing BMP(s).) 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or pre- construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.8 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Pre-construction and Pre-maintenance Meeting Sample Checklist #2 Figure 15 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign-in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (Including installation, monitoring, maintaining, & removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies related to all aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.9 Activity and bmp Installation, Monitoring, Maintianing and Removal Sample Checklist #3 Figure 16 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with the Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.10 Activity and bmp Routine Part 1 Sample Checklist #4 Figure 17 Task Yes No 1. Make site visit before starting work 2. Define activity, scope, and limits 3. Review Part 1 BMPs • Permit needed • Scheduling considerations • Equipment maintenance • Disturbed soil • Waste material removed • Spill kit • Part 2 BMPs needed • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 4. Is environmental staff required? NO – continue maintenance YES – contact environmental staff for review 5. In water work • Stop work • Contact environmental staff for review • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.11 OUTCOME CATEGORY: Keep Water from Work Area Definition: The BMPs in this category are used to keep water from reaching the work area or disturbed soils generally by means of a bypass, diversion or interception process. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to bypass or divert sheet flow, stormwater or stream flow around or through the work area. The intercepted water will be discharged to an acceptable storm drainage system or outfall. Applications: These BMPs work well: • In streams or ditches where the normal flow can be piped around the work area by temporarily damming and conveying the flow by pumping or gravity. (HPA) • Covering stock piles or disturbed soils with impermeable fabric to intercept rainfall. Sheet flows shall be collected and diverted at the bottom of the covering. • Diverting sheet flow around work area or disturbed soils by constructing upslope berms or channels. Limitations: These BMPs are often used in combination with other BMPs dewatering work area, grass-lined swales). Refer to individual (Part 2) BMP limitations. Permit Conditions: Follow acceptable procedures, if required in HPA, to exclude fish from work area. Reintroduce water flow into the work area to reduce sediment transport. Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these Guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Aqua Barrier. • Coffer Dam. • Dewatering. • Diversion Berm. • Diversion Channel. • Plastic Covering. • Sandbag. • Stream Bypass. • Vactoring. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.12 Definition: The BMPs in this category work to keep soil particles in disturbed areas from becoming water borne or air borne. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce erosion by reducing soil particles from becoming water borne or air borne. Application: These BMPs work well to stabilize: • Slopes. • Soils. • Roadways. • Channels. Limitations: Often used in combination with other BMPs allowing the disturbed area to stabilize. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Back of Slope Planting. • Construction Access Road. • Ditch Lining. • Dust Control. • Filter Fabric. • Grass Lined Channel. • Hand Seeding. • Hydroseeding. • Live Staking. • Mulching. • Plastic Covering. • Soil Stabilization (Blankets/Matting). • Surface Roughening. • Sweeping. • Vegetative Buffer. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Reduce Potential for Soil from Becoming Water Borne- or Air Borne ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.13 Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce erosion and sedimentation of soil particles/contaminants as the water passes through a filtering device. This outcome will also apply to perimeter protection around the job site. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce soil particles/contaminants before the water discharges from the job site. Application: These BMPs work well: • When the rate of flow is relatively low and the filter can be inspected and maintained to ensure the BMP continues to function. • Perimeter protection around job site. Limitations: Not effective in areas of high flows. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Coir Log. • Continuous Berm. • Curb Inlet Sediment Trap. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Filter Fabric. • Grass Lined Channel. • Gravel Filled Sump. • Half Round Filter. • Inlet Protection. • Kimble Filter Pipe. • Silt Fence. • Silt Mat. • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Log. • Washed Rock. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Filter/Perimeter Protection ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.14 Definition: The BMPs in this category allow particles/contaminants to settle as the water velocity decreases. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to allow sediment to settle out of the water. This will reduce soil particles/contaminants from leaving the job site. Application: These BMPs work well: • When the rate of flow is relatively low. • When there is sufficient space or volume to properly size a settling BMP. Limitations: Not effective in areas of high flows. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Coir Log. • Continuous Berm. • Curb Inlet Sediment Trap. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Filter Fabric. • Rock Check Dam. • Sandbag. • Sedimentation Sump. • Silt Fence. • Silt Mat. • Siltation Pond/Tank. • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Log. • Temporary Sediment Trap. • Triangular Silt Dike. • Turbidity Curtain. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Settling ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.15 Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce or diminish the water velocity, thereby dissipating its erosive force. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to create energy dissipation and reduce erosion. Application: These BMPs work well: • On stream and ditch banks. • In swales/grass lined channels. • In waterbodies. • On slopes. • On large disturbed areas. Limitations: These BMPs should not be used when maintenance activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. These BMPs may be used if required by permit conditions. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Back of Slope Planting. • Coir Fabric. • Coir Log. • Continuous Berm. • Ditch Lining. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Hand Seeding. • Hydroseeding. • Large Woody Material. • Live Staking. • Mulching. • Rip Rap. • Rock Check Dam. • Sandbag. • Silt Fence. • Silt Mat. • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Log. • Stream Bank Bio-Engineering. • Surface Roughening. • Triangular Silt Dike. • Turbidity Curtain. • Vegetative Buffer. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Froces ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.16 Definition: The BMPs in this category retain water and soil particles/ contaminants on the work site. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce water discharge from the job site. Application: These BMPs work well: • In enclosed drainage systems. • In swales. • In open drainage systems. • In waterbodies. (bridge maintenance etc) Limitations: These BMPs should not be used when maintenance activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. These BMPs may be used if required by permit conditions. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Concrete Containment • Concrete Containment • Vactoring. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Containment ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.17 Definition: The BMPs in this category maintain or protect habitat. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to maintain or protect habitat by providing: • Bank/slope stabilization. • Spawning/rearing areas. • Habitat shading. • Reducing erosion by providing ground cover, binding soil particles with roots, and lowering water velocity. • Habitat for primary production. • Habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. Application: These BMPs work well in: • Riparian areas. • Sensitive areas. • Watercourses and streams. Limitations: These BMPs should be done in accordance with project design. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Coir Fabric. • Coir Log. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Hand Seeding. • Hydroseeding. • Large Woody Material. • Live Staking. • Streambed Gravel. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Habitat Protection/maintenance ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.18 Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce the potential for the contaminants from the work area from entering the water. This outcome can be achieved by capturing falling particles from bridge or other over-water work. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce contaminants from entering the water. Application: These BMPs work well: • On bridge or pipeline maintenance projects. Limitations: Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: When used in watercourses or streams, these BMPs must be used in accordance with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Diaper Netting. • Plywood Work Platform. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.19 AQUA BARRIER 2.20 BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING 2.23 COFFERDAM 2.25 COIR FABRIC 2.28 COIR LOG 2.30 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.33 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.36 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.38 CONTINUOUS BERM 2.41 CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.44 DEWATERING 2.49 DIAPER NETTING 2.51 DITCH LINING 2.53 DIVERSION BERM 2.55 DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.57 DUST CONTROL 2.60 EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.62 FILTER FABRIC 2.64 GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.66 GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.70 HALF ROUND FILTER 2.71 HAND SEEDING 2.73 HYDROSEEDING 2.75 INLET PROTECTION 2.77 KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.84 LARGE WOODY MATERIAL 2.86 LIVE STAKING 2.91 MULCHING 2.95 PLASTIC COVERING 2.97 PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.99 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.20 RIP RAP 2.101 ROCK CHECK DAM 2.103 SANDBAG 2.107 SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.111 SILT FENCE 2.112 SILT MAT 2.115 SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK 2.117 SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.120 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.125 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.128 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.133 STRAW LOG 2.136 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION 2.139 STREAM BYPASS 2.140 STREAMBED GRAVEL 2.144 SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.146 SWEEPING 2.150 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.153 TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.156 TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.160 VACTORING 2.164 VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.166 WASHED ROCK 2.168 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil from Becoming Water– or Airborne Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 Continued ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.21 DESCRIPTION An aqua barrier is a manufactured vinyl tube filled with water to provide a temporary/portable dam or barrier positioned to contain or divert the movement of water. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing a dry construction area in a stream or waterway. • Providing a bypass for a stream or waterway. • Temporary reservoirs for water storage. • Excluding waters from work area under and around bridges or piers. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for stream diversion at a construction site. It may be used in fish habitat restoration, flood control, erosion control through diversion or containment of flowing water, silt containment, sedimentation collection or settling ponds, and/or as a portable dam. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • To cross more than 2/3 of the main flow of any salmonid bearing water at the time of the year when any life history stage of salmonids are expected to be present. (unless required by permit) • Other than specified by the manufacturer’s guidelines. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, aqua barriers must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for installation and safety measures. • Knives shall be worn by workers for emergency deflation. • Keep a repair kit on site in case of small punctures. BMP Aqua Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.22 • Remove any visible rocks or sharp objects prior to installing barrier. • The aqua barrier can be deployed on dry ground, in standing and/or flowing water. • Multiple aqua barriers can be joined with connections. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect BMPs several times daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Any required repairs shall be made. • Repair punctures with repair kit immediately. • Allow to dry before rolling up for storage. • Store away from chemicals, and above 10° F. BMP REMOVAL • Follow manufacturer recommendations for removal. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or reuse if applicable). • Water discharged from water barrier shall meet water quality temperature standards at the point of discharge. BMP: AQUA BARRIER (continued) Aqua barrier used as coffer dam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.23 BMP: AQUA BARRIER (continued) Installing aqua barrier in river to provide a dry construction area ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.24 DESCRIPTION Back of slope planting requires leaving the roadway slope clear for public safety. This BMP includes planting grass, forbs, small trees and brush. This BMP provides long term soil stabilization and/or reduces water velocity/ erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Ditch slopes vegetated with grass and forbs to reduce exposed soil. • Planting trees and brush outside of the ditch on the back of the slope allowing plants to grow over the ditch or channel. • Providing shade as long as it does not become a public safety hazard (No trees larger than 4-inches allowed in clear zone or recovery area). APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches (including ditches which are watercourses or streams) parallel to roadways or at road crossings. Revegetation plans will be done in accordance with permit requirements and federal highway safety design or standards. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. This BMP provides long term soil stabilization once plantings have been established. Soil stabilization can only be achieved in combination with other BMPs. For example; Grasses and forbs on shoulder and in ditch slopes with brush, shrubs or trees behind the ditch. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If it creates a potential public safety hazard. • In clear zone areas. • If it could cause water flow problems that may result in flooding of the roadway.. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Select appropriate native vegetation for the location. BMP Back of slope Planting ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.25 • Review planting guidelines; plant at the appropriate time of year. • Planting must be done in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect during plant establishment period. Replant, due to plant mortality, as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. DITCH CROSS SECTION BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING Trees/Shrubs (shade) Back of Slope Ditch Roadway Shoulder Grass Lined Slope ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.26 DESCRIPTION A cofferdam is a temporary structure built into a waterway to enclose a construction area and reduce sediment pollution from construction work in and under water. Cofferdams can be made of steel, rock, sand bags, wood or aqua barriers. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Dewatering construction areas. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in construction activities such as culvert installation, bridges, piers, or abutments. It may be used in combination with other barriers and is commonly used in conjunction with stream bypass and/or pumps. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In deep water unless designed or reviewed by an engineer. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, cofferdams must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Construction guidelines depend on cofferdam material selection. See pictures for construction details. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Repair gaps, holes or scour. BMP Cofferdam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.27 BMP: COFFERDAM (continued) BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). Sandbags used as a cofferdam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.28 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.29 DESCRIPTION Coir Fabric is a geo-textile product made from coconut fibers loosely woven into a fabric usually packaged in roll form. This fabric can be used to provide a reduction in water velocity/erosive forces and/or habitat protection/ maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Decreasing bank erosion in high flow/high velocity channels. • Long term slope stabilization. • Stream and riverbank stabilization. • Revegetation projects. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to provide stabilization/protection to the soil surface of steep slopes, stream and/or river banks. It can be used in combination with vegetation to reinforce soil in high flow/high velocity waters and on slopes as steep as 1 horizontal to 1 vertical. It may be used as bank stabilization before vegetation/re-vegetation has occurred. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In the streambed of a channel. • When short term biodegradability is required. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in water courses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • The fabric may be laid out horizontally or vertically on a slope. • Use stakes or staples to anchor fabric to ground. Use anchoring devices on the edges and in the field of the fabric. • Lay loosely on the surface so fabric makes contact with the ground. (Don’t stretch the fabric.) BMP Coir Fabric ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.30 • If the seam is perpendicular with water flow, overlap fabric at least 18- inches in the direction of water flow. • If the seam is parallel with the water flow, overlap edges at least 8- inches, staking both edges securely. • The fabric should be trenched at least 12" deep at top and bottom ends of the installation to prevent undercutting of the fabric. • Hand Seeding and/or Hydroseeding should occur prior to coir fabric placement. • Live staking may be done after coir fabric placement by piercing fabric. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the work week. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Coir fabric BMP: COIR FABRIC (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.31 DESCRIPTION A coir log is a manufactured coconut fiber log used as a structural and rooting mechanism for bioengineered systems. These logs can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, reduction in water velocity/erosive forces and habitat protection/maintenance. They may be cut or folded, to the appropriate length, to fit the desired location. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil particles. • Filtering soil particles and debris. • Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for temporary check dams in ditches of any dimension, temporary soil stockpile protection, drop inlet protection, temporary interceptor dike and swale, check dam in ditches and/or bank stabilization. Coir logs may also be used for habitat protection at the toe of a bank and can be incorporated with vegetative planting. This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. This BMP is particularly useful in areas where the effects of soil disturbance need to be minimized. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function. • When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if required by permit conditions. BMP Coir Log ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.32 CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Coir log installation must be done in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • BMP must be staked (wood only) to insure soil particle containment. • When using as a check dam, prior to installation, cut or fold to proper length. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Removal of BMP may not always be necessary. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. BMP: COIR LOG (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.33 Coir logs used as habitat protection at the toe of a bank BMP: COIR LOG (continued) Coir log used to allow settling and to decrease water velocity/erosive forces ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.34 DESCRIPTION C oncrete containment is the method(s) of containing uncured concrete that is pumped or poured into forms while repairing structures in or around watercourses. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing uncured concrete and chemicals from leaving the work site and entering the adjacent body of water. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used when dewatering is not possible for bridge repair work. Concrete containment devices may include fiberglass/steel column forms, a "Sea-form" bag system and/or steel plates to line work area. It may be used in combination with other BMPs such as cofferdams, turbidity curtains and/or dewatering/silt ponds. LIMITATIONS • Limitations are site specific. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Concrete containment systems should be designed or reviewed by an engineer. • Identify work site. • Isolate work area. If possible, dewater construction area. • As conditions allow, provide approved secondary containment. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of emergency or mechanical failure. • For tool and/or equipment cleanup onsite, a temporary sump may be used to contain water from cleanup. • Remove material from sump after cleanup is complete. BMP Concrete Containment ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.35 BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (continued) BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect structure during construction for leaks. • Repair any leaks in structure. • Contain and remove any excess materials, such as chemicals and/or concrete. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP as concrete and permit conditions require; this may be immediately or it may be up to 10 days after the concrete is cured (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.36 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.37 DESCRIPTION C oncrete containment is a method of containing uncured concrete pumped or poured into forms while constructing and/or repairing structures, such as sidewalks, curbs, gutters, manholes and catch basins. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Containing uncured concrete and chemicals from leaving the work site. • Containing water from exposed aggregate work areas. • Containing water from equipment cleanup. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used when performing flatwork, curb and gutter or utility concrete repair work. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS • Limitations are site specific. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Locate work area. • Isolate work area. • Install drain protection downslope, for example, filter fabric, drainage plug and/or use a Vactor truck. • Cover catch basins adjacent to work area with filter fabric. • For tool and/or equipment cleanup onsite, a temporary sump may be used to contain water from cleanup. • Remove material from sump after cleanup is complete. BMP Concrete Containment ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.38 BMP MAINTENANCE • Contain and remove any excess materials, such as chemicals and/or concrete. • Make sure onsite cleanup sump is of adequate size and overflow does not occur. • Remove sediment buildup as required. BMP REMOVAL • Remove waste material. • Re-vegetate and/or restore area disturbed by BMP. BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.39 DESCRIPTION A construction access road is a stabilized rock (or an alternative material) pad located at points of vehicular ingress and egress at a construction site. The construction access road may include a fabric underliner. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Allowing stability for vehicle access to construction sites. • Limiting mud and debris deposited on roadways from adjacent construction sites. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used at construction sites with unstable soils and/or steep slopes to gain traction, especially during wet weather. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • As the sole BMP. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Unsuitable material should be excavated prior to placement of fabric and rock. • Place an optional "fabric underliner" the full width and length of the access road, as required by design. • Compact road as appropriate. • Drainage is designed to state and local design standards (see sediment ponds). BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Materials spilled, dropped or tracked from vehicles onto roadways should be removed. BMP Construction Access Road ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.40 Access road installation • Water trucks will not be used to remove dropped, spilled, or tracked materials, unless the water can be treated by other BMPs. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP if appropriate (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate and/or restore area disturbed by BMP. BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.41 BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD (continued) Construction access road detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.42 DESCRIPTION A continuous berm is a temporary diversion dike or sediment barrier constructed with infill material, either soil, sand or gravel, encased within fabric. This BMP requires a Continuous Berm Machine (CBM) for filling and placing. A continuous berm can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Diverting sheet flow. • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining soil particles/debris on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal feet to 1 vertical foot. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Directly in water courses. • In front of storm outlets. BMP Continuous Berm ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.43 BMP: CONTINUOUS BERM (continued) CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Use a Continuous Berm Machine (follow operating manual). • Apply to relatively smooth surfaces to form a tight seal with ground. • A source of infill material is required (sand, gravel, or local soils). • Increase the elevation at the ends of the BMP installation to prevent "end runs." BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use is applicable). - Removal consists of slitting and removing the fabric. - Remove the infill material from the site or grade infill material into the existing shoulder or soil. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.44 Continuous berm machine Continuous berm retaining soil particles and debris Continuous berm intercepting water from construction area Continuous berm BMP: CONTINUOUS BERM (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.45 DESCRIPTION A curb inlet sediment trap is a temporary barrier constructed from concrete blocks, gravel, filter fabric or gravel bag filter. Geotextile grade covers and geotextile collectors (inserts) are available pre-manufactured. Curb inlet sediment traps can be used to provide filtering and settling of soil particles. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing the soil particles discharged into storm drains by settling and/ or filtering the runoff. • Allowing for overflow from high runoff events. • Allowing the ponded water to filter rapidly through gravel. APPLICATIONS These BMPs are used at curb inlets on gently sloping streets where water can pond and allow particles to filter or settle. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where the ponding area will encroach into the travel lanes or pedestrian walkways. • Steep grades. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • A spillway structure shall be constructed with the sandbags to allow overflow. • Place sandbags in a curved row from the top of curb at least 3 feet into the street; curve the ends upward. • Overlap several layers of bags and pack • Leave a one-sandbag gap at the upstream end in the top row to act as a spillway. • Slope runoff should flow over blocks and gravel and not be bypassed over the curb. BMP Curb Inlet Sediment Trap ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.46 • Install pre-manufactured grade covers and geo-textile collectors in accordance with manufacturer specifications. • Install grade covers, geo-textile collectors, or filter fabric on top of or in front of the inlet. Construct a small dam immediately of the inlet to stop flow. BMP MAINTENANCE • Sediment shall be removed. • If the gravel becomes clogged with sediment, it must be carefully removed from the inlet and either cleaned or replaced. • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Use vacuum sweeper or hand broom to clean road surface. • Use "Vactor-Truck" to clean drainage system. A silt sock installed in a catch basin to trap/filter waterborne soil particles BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.47 BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.48 BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) Curb inlet sediment trap detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.49 BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) Curb inlet sediment trap detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.50 DESCRIPTION D ewatering can be used to keep water from a work area by using any or all of the following: pump, barrier, vactor, or bypass culvert. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Allowing work to be performed in dewatered conditions. • Reducing the transport of soil particles by flowing water. • Reducing the liquefaction of soils. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in, but not limited to, ditches, watercourses or streams, channels, swales and excavations. It will generally be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flows are greater than pump capacity. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Determine if the project will require continuous dewatering. • Schedule pumping, monitoring, equipment and maintenance activities accordingly. • Dewatering must be used in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Install a "Keep Water from Work Area" BMP. • Install dewatering devices. • Install site specific barrier, prior to dewatering, to prevent exterior water from entering construction area. • Ensure water discharged from the site reduces erosion. BMP Dewatering ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.51 • Dewatered water will be discharged to: • A containment device. • A sanitary sewage system. • Other BMPs to reduce water borne soil particles prior to the water being reintroduced to a storm drainage system, water course or stream. BMP MAINTENANCE • Schedule pumping, monitoring, equipment and maintenance activities in accordance with dewatering needs. • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs as needed. • Inspect bypass, pump, and barrier periodically. Make necessary repairs. • Check for erosion at discharge. Repair or move as necessary. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Reintroduce water gradually. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: DEWATERING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.52 DESCRIPTION D iaper/netting is a fine mesh netting or canvas suspended under a bridge, pipeline or pier to catch debris during construction or maintenance activities. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Catching and containing falling debris (such as: concrete, wood chips, sawdust, slag and metal) from entering water during construction, maintenance and repair activities. APPLICATIONS This BMP is used in bridge, pipeline or pier construction and repairs. It may also be used in maintenance activities such as cleaning and painting. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • During periods of high winds that reduce the effectiveness of the BMP. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Multiple nets with different mesh sizes may be required, depending upon the work tasks performed. Mesh size gets progressively smaller from top to bottom. • Attach diaper/netting securely prior to starting work. • Remove diaper/netting carefully after work, not allowing debris to fall. • Maintain separation between diaper/netting and water surface. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Crew must provide progressive clean up of debris during the day. BMP Diaper Netting ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.53 BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed. • Remove debris on BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Inspect after job is complete to make sure diaper/netting is in good repair for next project. BMP: DIAPER NETTING (continued) Diaper netting under bridge Netting with suspended framework ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.54 DESCRIPTION D itch lining provides a long/short-term erosion resistant lining of the ditch flow line and side slopes utilizing biodegradable or non-biodegradable geo-textile fabrics and/or angular rock to stabilize ditches and channels from erosion and soil particle movement. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Protecting the soil from erosive forces of concentrated runoff. • Slowing the velocity of concentrated runoff while enhancing the potential for infiltration and vegetation growth. • Stabilizing slopes adjacent to ditches which have seepage problems and/ or non-cohesive soils. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches, channels, swales and banks or slopes. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used directly in water courses unless required by permit. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Plan for site specific uses. • Use design specifications when available. • Channels should be constructed with a wide and shallow cross section. BMP MAINTENANCE • During the initial establishment, inspection should occur and any necessary repair made. BMP Ditch Lining ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.55 • Grass seed should be applied in accordance with manufacturer specifications. • After implementation, the channel should be inspected periodically to determine if channel is withstanding flow velocities without damage. • Check the channel for debris, scour, or erosion and make necessary repairs. • Remove all significant sediment accumulations to maintain the desired flow line and capacity during maintenance activity. • Check channel slopes, outlets and all road crossings for bank stability and evidence of erosion, during maintenance activity, and make repairs as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • BMP removal is not always necessary. BMP: DITCH LINING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.56 DESCRIPTION A diversion berm is a temporary ridge of compacted soil constructed at the top or base of a disturbed slope. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Diverting storm runoff from upslope drainage areas away from unprotected disturbed areas and toward a stabilized outlet. • Diverting sediment-laden runoff from a disturbed area to a sediment- containment facility such as a sediment trap or a sediment basin. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used wherever stormwater runoff must be temporarily diverted away from a disturbed slope and toward a sediment containment facility. These structures generally have a life expectancy of 18 months or less. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If water flow is likely to erode the berm. • If there is inadequate space for construction. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Berms should be installed as a first step in the land-disturbing activity. • The berm should be adequately compacted to reduce failure. • Minimum freeboard can be 0.3 feet. • Temporary seeding and mulch can be applied to the berm following construction of the berm. • Clear plastic may be used as an additional erosion control method. See "Plastic Covering" BMP construction guidelines. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Diversion Berm ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.57 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • During long term implementation inspect once every two weeks, whether a storm has occurred or not. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: DIVERSION BERM (continued) Diversion berm detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.58 DESCRIPTION A diversion channel is constructed across a slope with a supporting earthen ridge on the lower side. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing slope length. • Intercepting and diverting stormwater runoff to stabilized outlets at non- erosive velocities. • Intercepting sheet flow. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used where runoff from areas of higher elevation may damage property, cause erosion, or interfere with the establishment of vegetation on downslope areas. It may also be used where surface and/or shallow subsurface flow is damaging a slope and where the slope length needs to be reduced to minimize soil loss. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If the downslope is greater than 2 horizontal by 1 vertical. • If water flow is likely to erode the channel. • If there is inadequate space for construction. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • The diversion channel shall be excavated or shaped to line, grade and cross-section as required: - Side slopes of the channel shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal by 1 vertical. - Minimum freeboard shall be 0.3 feet. • Compact fill material as needed to prevent unequal settlement. BMP Diversion Channel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.59 • Temporary seeding and mulch can be applied to the channel following construction of the channel. • Clear plastic may be used as an additional erosion control method. See "Plastic Covering" BMP construction guidelines. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Seeded areas which fail to establish a vegetative cover shall be reseeded as necessary. • During long term implementation inspect periodically, whether a storm has occurred or not. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: DIVERSION CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.60 BMP: DIVERSION CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.61 DESCRIPTION D ust control is the use of water, products, and/or measures for reducing wind erosion. Particles moved by wind may cause air pollution, soil loss and/or water quality degradation. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing soil particle travel by wind due to construction or maintenance operation activities. • Reducing air and water pollution. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used on construction sites, roads, shoulders, operating headquarters or pit/quarry sites. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. Protecting the soil surface is accomplished through measures such as roughening the soil to reduce the surface wind velocity, applying straw/mulch, water, matting, hydroseeding, plastic covering, Lignum derivative, or Magnesium Chloride. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • With straw in locations where compaction is required (for example, roadway shoulders or road bases). • If a chemical suppressant could enter watercourses or streams. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Water, Lignum derivative, or Magnesium Chloride can be applied by mechanical means. • A temporary straw covering may be applied by hand to a small area of exposed soil where compaction is not required. • Surface roughening may be accomplished by using a machine. • Create a berm downslope to control possible runoff from watering. BMP Dust Control ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.62 BMP MAINTENANCE • During the construction period, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Make any required repairs. • Reapply BMP as needed. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of wind erosion has passed). • Straw removal may be necessary if the area is to be re-vegetated. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. Wetting down stockpiles to reduce airborne soil particles Water wagon wetting down field for dust control BMP: DUST CONTROL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.63 DESCRIPTION A n excelsior filled log is a manufactured log filled with curled wood excelsior. When cut or folded to appropriate length, these logs can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, reduction in water velocity/erosive forces and habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing slope length to capture and retain sediment on the slope. • Temporarily stabilizing slopes by reducing soil creep, sheet and rill erosion until permanent vegetation can be established. • Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil particles. • Filtering soil particles and debris. • Reducing water velocity and erosive forces. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches or across culvert ends of any dimension. Excelsior filled logs may also be used for habitat protection at the toe of a bank and can be incorporated with vegetative planting. It may be used instead of straw logs, coir logs, or straw bale filtering systems. Excelsior filled logs may also be used for perimeter sediment control. This BMP may be used in gullies and stream channels as check dams in conjunction with gabions, rip rap, articulated block, or cellular confinement systems. It may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), turf reinforcement mats, coir mats, continuous berms and other erosion control material. Excelsior filled logs may be used to replace silt fences or straw bales on steep slopes. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. BMP Excelsior Filled Log ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.64 LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function. • For long term applications. • When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if required by permit conditions. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Excelsior filled log must be placed in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes, in 2-3 inch deep trench. • Spacing depends on soil type and slope steepness. • abut any adjacent logs. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • See "Live Staking", "Handseeding" and/or "Hydroseeding" BMP for planting. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. • BMP removal may not be necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.65 DESCRIPTION F ilter fabric is a permeable material made with fibers. It may be a woven or non-woven fabric and is usually packaged in roll form. This fabric can be used to reduce potential for soil becoming water borne, filter/ perimeter protection and/or settling. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Filtering soil particles from water. • Stabilizing and reinforcing soils. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in drainage filtration, to reinforce paved and unpaved roads, stabilize access or haul roads and to separate soils. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In the streambed of a channel. • When short term biodegradability is required. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used near watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Some applications may be designed or reviewed by an engineer. - Woven filter fabric should only be used for soil separation, road reinforcement and soil separation. - Non-woven filter fabric should only be used for drainage filtration although it may be used under unpaved roads in certain circumstances. - Use according to manufacturers details. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Filter Fabric ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.66 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • If used as a filter, remove sediment buildup from in front of the BMP. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). • BMP removal may not be necessary when it is part of the final structure. BMP: FILTER FABRIC (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.67 DESCRIPTION A grass lined channel is the vegetative lining of a ditch, watercourse, stream, or swale to protect it from erosion and to provide filter/perimeter protection. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited: • Reducing erosion by providing ground cover, binding soil particles with roots, and lowering water velocity. • Providing filter/perimeter protection. • Providing habitat for primary production. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used where a vegetative lining can provide sufficient stability for the channel grade by decreasing velocity; where site conditions require establishment of vegetation (climate, soil and topography are present). This BMP may be used in combination with other bank stabilizing methods. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When maintenance activities are conducted in locations which could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. • In locations where there is frequent turbulence with flows likely to rip out grass lining, creating erosion and plugging of system. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • This BMP must be used in accordance with applicable permit requirements. BMP Grass Lined Channel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.68 BMP MAINTENANCE • During initial vegetation establishment, inspection should occur and any necessary repairs made. • After vegetation establishment, the channel should be inspected periodically to determine if the channel is withstanding flow velocities without damage. • Check the channel for debris, scour, or erosion and make repairs. • Remove all significant sediment accumulations to maintain the designed carrying capacity. Debris such as litter, car parts, appliances and items that pose a risk to public safety should be removed. Any LWM that falls into the channel and does not pose a threat to public safety or structure damage should be left in place or relocated to an area that is not a public safety hazard or ROW structure problem. • Check channel outlet and all road crossings for bank stability, evidence of piping or scour holes and make repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Grass lined channel: reducing erosion by providing ground cover Grass lined channel: providing a filter BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.69 BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.70 BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.71 DESCRIPTION A gravel filled sump is a constructed sump filled with gravel and a standing perforated pipe or bucket that allows pumping filtered water out of a non-erosive location. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Dewatering construction sites. • Filtering sediment from water. APPLICATIONS This BMP is used in conjunction with flow bypass. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When peak flows exceed the pump capacity. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Excavate hole at least 3 feet deep. • Line the base and sides of the hole with filter fabric. • Place perforated pipe inside the hole. • Shore up pipe by adding washed rock to space between hole and pipe exterior. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect bypass, pump, and sump periodically. Repair any leaks immediately. • Check for scour at bypass outfall. Repair or move as necessary. • Provide sediment filtration. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP when in water work is complete. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP Gravel Filled Sump ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.72 DESCRIPTION T he half round filter BMP is one-half section of perforated pipe cut (with optional filter fabric lining) and filled with washed rock. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Filtering sediment from water. • Reducing water velocity. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used at construction sites to filter sediment-laden water pumped from construction area. This BMP may be used with other sediment control BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In fast flowing water. • To filter water with a high percentage of fines. • As the sole BMP. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Make sure pump head (if used) is secured within washed rock. • Make sure length of pipe and amount of rock is sufficient for site. • Have additional washed rock available on site. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. BMP MAINTENANCE • Evaluate half round filter and pump (if used) periodically to ensure BMP is functioning properly. • Check for scour at outfall. • Check outlet to make sure water is running clear. If not, add washed rock. BMP Half Round Filter ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.73 BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: HALF-ROUND FILTER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.74 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.75 DESCRIPTION H and seeding is broadcasting grass seed on disturbed areas by hand or a hand seeding device. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water or air borne, to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Establishing vegetation in sparse, bare and/or exposed soil areas. • Decreasing soil erosion. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used after soil disturbance is completed at construction sites. This BMP may be used in areas that need to be permanently or temporarily vegetated. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In months when seed germination will not occur. (In winter months, see "Mulching" and/or "Plastic Covering" BMPs). CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Seed mixes vary. Seed selection should be based on the intended use of the area it is applied to, for example, low growing grass versus ditch bank grass. • Spread seed uniformly and according to manufacturer’s recommendations. • Cover with other methods as needed to protect surface (for example, light application of mulch, jute matting). BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect during seed establishment period. Re-seed, due to mortality, as necessary. • Schedule additional inspections during storm events and/or heavy BMP Hand Seeding ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.76 rainfall. Check for scour and sloughing; any required repairs shall be made. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP: HAND SEEDING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.77 DESCRIPTION H ydroseeding is broadcasting grass seed, tackifier, wood fiber mulch and water on disturbed areas by using a hydroseeding machine. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water or air borne, to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Establishing vegetation in sparse, bare and/or exposed soil areas over a large site. • Decreasing soil erosion. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used after soil disturbance is completed at construction sites. This BMP may be used in areas that need to be permanently or temporarily vegetated. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In months when seed germination will not occur. (In winter months, see "Mulching" and/or "Plastic Covering" BMPs). • During strong winds or freezing weather. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Seed mixes vary. Seed selection should be based on the intended use of the area it is applied to. For example low growing grass versus ditch bank grass. • Spread seed uniformly and according to manufacturer’s recommendations. • Cover hydroseeded area with other methods as needed. • Hydroseeding should be applied after finish grading and/or surface roughening. Application may depend on slope, soil, exposure and time of year. • Tackifier and/or moisture retention agent may need to be added, per state BMP Hydroseeding ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.78 BMP: HYDROSEEDING (continued) standard. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect during seed establishment period. Re-seed, due to mortality, as necessary. • Schedule additional inspections during storm events and/or heavy rainfall. Check for scour and sloughing; any required repairs shall be made. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Erosion protection and vegetation establishment after maintenance work ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.79 DESCRIPTION I nlet protection is a sediment filter located at the inlet to a storm drainage conveyance. It may be an external structure such as a filter fence box or a gravel berm. Inlet protection may also be an internal device such as a silt sock or a silt trap. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing soil particles from entering storm drainage systems. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches at the inlet to enclosed drainage systems. They may also be used in manholes or catch basins. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where there are traffic conflicts. • In areas where it creates excessive ponding. • To remove excessive fines. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Refer to sketches on following pages for details and specific construction guidelines. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP Inlet Protection ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.80 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection: filter fence surrounding catch basin to reduce soil particles from entering drainage system BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.81 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection details ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.82 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.83 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.84 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.85 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.86 DESCRIPTION A Kimble filter is a perforated pipe (with an optional filter fabric wrap, depending on soil types) added to an existing inlet pipe, surrounded by washed rock. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Filtering sediment from water entering existing pipe at construction area. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in open drainage system maintenance and in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When the inlet elevation for the perforated pipe extension exceeds the surrounding bank height. • To remove excessive fines unless the optional filter fabric is used. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Secure perforated pipe onto existing pipe and wrap in filter fabric as needed. • Fill washed rock high enough to ensure filtration. BMP MAINTENANCE • Check outfall periodically. Revise methods if water is not running clear. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP Kimble Filter Pipe ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.87 Kimble filter detail BMP: KIMBLE FILTER PIPE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.88 DESCRIPTION L arge Woody Material (LWM) is any large piece of woody material (including the trunk and root mass) that intrudes or is imbedded in the stream channel. Woody materials affects local flow velocities, streambed and streambank stability, and local stream characteristics. For example: see DOE, WDFW, and/or King County Bank Stabilization Guidelines. LWM is used to reduce water velocity/erosive forces and to provide habitat for fish. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Improving aquatic habitat by re-directing flows away from eroding banks, providing cover, creating pools and storing sediment. • Providing stream bed and bank stabilization. APPLICATIONS When incorporating woody material into projects, it is necessary to identify the desired engineering performance and the desired habitat benefits. Each project must be specifically tailored to meet the engineering objectives identified for the habitat requirements of the target species. It can be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When the specific design requirements and desired habitat benefits have not been identified. • Without consideration of the factors that influence the relative permanence of the wood in the stream channel. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • These will vary based on existing site conditions, design features, size and shape of the wood, its exposure to the forces exerted by moving water, and its resistance to movement because of wedging, or embedding with adjacent materials. BMP Large Woody Material ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.89 • Construct in accordance with design, specifications and permit conditions. BMP MAINTENANCE • Monitor the large woody material to ensure it remains "as built" during construction. • Consult a biologist for specific repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. Large woody debris placed in streambed to provide salmonid refuge. Note use of streambed gravel, dewatering with pump, and mulching BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.90 BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) Large woody material placed in streambed to provide fish refuge. Note use of streambed gravel, mulch, and coir fabric Large woody material placed in a streambed to provide salmonid refuge. Note use of turbidity curtain , streambed gravel, silt fence, coir fabric, mulching, and stream bypass ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.91 BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.92 BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.93 DESCRIPTION L ive stake planting involves the insertion of live, vegetative cuttings into the ground in a manner that allows the cutting (stake) to take root and grow. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water borne, to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment, and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Using a system of live stakes to create a root mat that stabilizes the soil by reinforcing and binding soil particles together. • Using it in conjunction with other practices to provide for an increase in site stability. • Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or watercourse banks. • Providing habitat for primary production. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to repair small earth slips and slumps. It may be used to reinforce or enhance stream channel banks. Live staking may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), excelsior filled logs, backslope planting, coir logs/fabric, or other erosion control material. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where vegetation growth will interfere with maintenance and/or facility access. • Where vegetation growth will interfere with sight distance and/or create safety issues. • For immediate soil stabilization results. BMP Live Staking ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.94 CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Live staking must be done in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. • Harvesting and planting should optimally occur during the dormant season (late fall to early spring). • Use healthy live wood that is at least one year old. • Make a clean angular cut at the butt end. Cutting should be a minimum of 24-inches long (for best results, use 36-inch long cutting) and up to 3" in diameter. • For best results, prior to installation, soak cuttings in water for a minimum of 24 hours. • Use a pilot bar (or similar device) in firm soils to establish a planting hole. • Plantings should be inserted into the ground 2/3 the length of the stake. Re-cut any damaged or split ends after installation. • Tamp soil around stake. BMP MAINTENANCE • Periodic inspection, repair and maintenance will be done in accordance with permit requirements. If no permits are required, vegetation will be monitored until the vegetation is established. • Staked area may need to be watered during summer months. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP: LIVE STAKING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.95 BMP: LIVE STAKING (continued) Staked streambank to provide vegetative cover once vegetation has established Using straw and live staking to reduce erosion and provide vegetative cover once vegetation has established ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.96 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.97 DESCRIPTION M ulching is the application of straw, wood chips, or other suitable materials on the soil surface applied manually or by machine. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water borne or air borne and to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing erosion by protecting the soil surface from raindrop impact or wind. • Decreasing surface water or wind velocity impacts. • Fostering the growth of vegetation by increasing available moisture and providing insulation against extreme heat and cold. APPLICATIONS This BMP can be used in areas to provide protection to the soil surface. Areas that have been seeded can be mulched to provide additional protection. This BMP may be used in combination with plantings of trees, shrubs, certain ground covers or in conjunction with seeding. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • On slopes steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. • In watercourses and streams. • In ditches where water flow is continuous. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used near watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Mulch should be applied so that the soil is covered sufficiently enough to allow seeds to germinate, but also protects the soil from erosion. • Nets and matting may be used in combination with mulch. • Various types and sizes of mulch are available. BMP Mulching ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.98 • If used to stabilize soil from wind forces, the mulch needs to be tilled or incorporated into the soil. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Additional mulch should be applied where erosion or scouring occurs. • If a tear occurs in the cover netting or matting, repair as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary under normal circumstances. Using straw to reduce erosion in a slide area prior to a major stabilizing project BMP: MULCHING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.99 DESCRIPTION P lastic covering is used to cover exposed areas, which need immediate protection from erosion. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing immediate temporary erosion protection to slopes, piles and disturbed areas that cannot be covered by mulching. • Protecting exposed surfaces from water and/or wind erosion. • Used in winter months as a temporary erosive control device when grass seed will not germinate. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in disturbed areas, which require immediate erosion protection, areas seeded during winter and spring to aid in germination and for protection from heavy rain. Plastic covering may be used on steep slopes, construction sites and on stockpiles and/or excess materials. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • For long term erosion control. • Without controlling surface water runoff from the plastic covered area. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Plastic must be secured by staking or using weight (i.e. sandbag or tires) to prevent movement. Rebar must not be used as a staking mechanism. • Plastic covering must be "keyed" in at the top of the slope. • Additional BMPs, such as a berm and/or sediment control, must be used to control surface water runoff from plastic. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Plastic Covering ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.100 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Replace damaged sections of plastic. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). Plastic covering used as erosion protection on a slope at construction/repair area. Note additional use of mulch in area Plastic covering used as a temporary erosion control on slope at slide area after storm and before repair Plastic covering used to protect exposed surface from erosion during construction/repair activities BMP: PLASTIC COVERING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.101 DESCRIPTION A plywood work platform is a temporary work area under bridges or piers consisting of framework, plywood, scaffolding and/or tarps. This BMP is used to reduce the potential for debris and contaminants falling into water. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing a safe and efficient working environment. • Containing fallen debris (concrete, wood chips, sawdust, slag and metal) from entering water during construction, maintenance and repair activities. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used under most small timber bridges, pipelines or piers. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where spans exceed 16 feet from bent to bent. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Framework is usually 4 in. x 6 in. joists 16 inches on center which span the stream. • 3/4 in. x 4 ft. x 8 ft. plywood is placed flat and tight, edge to edge, on joists, and tacked with 6 d nails for easy removal. • Tarps are placed over the plywood deck and draped vertically approximately 36 in. high at the abutment wall of the deck and over the hand rails at the other edges. • A truck mounted bridge work platform may be an option, depending on location and scope of work. • A fire extinguisher shall be on hand at all times for spark and fire suppression. • Ensure that plywood platform and tarp do not enter the water. BMP Plywood Work Platform ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.102 BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Crew must provide frequent clean up of debris during the day. • Rips or tears in the tarp must be repaired. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed. • Remove debris on BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate bridge abutment area disturbed by maintenance activities (if applicable). Plywood work platform providing a safe work environment and containing fallen debris from entering water during construction, maintenance, and repair activities BMP: PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.103 DESCRIPTION R ip rap is a long-term, erosion-resistant ground cover. It is composed of large, loose, angular rock which may be used to stabilize embankments and ditches. An optional filter fabric or granular underlining may be used. PURPOSE This BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Protecting the soil from the erosive forces of concentrated runoff. • Reducing the velocity of runoff while enhancing the potential for infiltration. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for stabilization of steep slopes with seepage problems and/or unstable soils that need armoring to prevent sloughing, turbidity, and roadway or shoulder failure. This BMP should be used as a last resort in locations where planting or other stabilizing methods are impracticable. Rip rap may also be used to fill minor washouts along ditch lines, at culvert exits and entrances and shoulders. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used in watercourses or streams: • Without permit review and approval. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. For applications outside of watercourses or streams, there are no limitations, other than design constraints. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • In locations where permits are required, rip rap must be placed in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. BMP Rip Rap ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.104 • Remove unstable and unusable soil. • Shape the sub-base to conform to site. • Install fabric (if applicable). • Place rip rap. MAINTENANCE • Inspect periodically to determine if high flows have caused scour beneath the rip rap or filter fabric. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal may not be necessary. If BMP is removed, it should be done in accordance with design and applicable permits. Rip rap used to provide bank stability Rip rap placed on slope for increased stability BMP: RIP RAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.105 DESCRIPTION A rock check dam is a small temporary or permanent dam constructed across a swale or drainage ditch. A rock check dam can be used to provide settling of soil particles and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing water velocity/erosive forces. • Trapping soil particles generated from adjacent areas or the drainage ditch. APPLICATIONS Rock check dams may be used to aid in sediment trapping from a work site. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. - When it affects fish passage. For applications outside of watercourses or streams, there are no limitations, other than design constraints. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • In locations whererock check dams are required, rock check dam must be placed in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. The maximum height of the dam shall be 3 feet. • The center of the check dam must be at least 6 inches lower than the outer edges. • For added stability, the base of the check dam can be keyed into the soil approximately 6 inches. • Maximum spacing between the dams should be such that the toe of the BMP Rock Check Dam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.106 upgrade dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downgrade dam. • Filter fabric may be used under the stone to provide a stable foundation and to facilitate the removal of the rock. • Use in small open channels. • Refer to sketches on following pages for details. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Repair damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. • Inspection on a regular basis should ensure that the center of the dam is lower than the edges. Erosion around the edges of the dam should be corrected. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM (continued) Rock check dam in ditch to provide reduction in water velocity ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.107 BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.108 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.109 DESCRIPTION A sandbag is a pre-manufactured cloth or plastic bag (polypropylene) filled with sand or gravel. Sandbags can be used to keep water from the work area, for settling and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • A barrier. • A protective barrier against flooding. • Using in combination with other methods, to form a cofferdam. • Using as a sediment filter (when used with clean pea gravel). • Using as a ballast. • Other multi-purpose situations. APPLICATIONS Sandbags may be used during emergencies to build walls and control the flow and level of water. It may be used in combination with other barriers. This BMP may be used during construction to form walls in dewatered areas, for example, cofferdams, and for various other impromptu situations. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where permit conditions state otherwise. • When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if required by permit conditions. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • If sandbag filling is to be used as streambed gravel, it must be washed prior to filling bags, appropriately sized according to design and placed in accordance with permit conditions. Wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear. • Secure ends of sandbags to ensure material does not scatter. BMP Sandbag ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.110 • When used as a barrier, stack bags together and in alternating, brick-layer fashion. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Replace damaged sandbags. • Repair damaged sandbag berm due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. • Check bags often for seepage and replace or add as needed. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). • Gravel filled bags may be split and the contents left in place, in streams, when so stated in the specific permit conditions (Bags are to be removed from job site). BMP: SANDBAG (continued) Sandbags acting as a barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.111 BMP: SANDBAG (continued) Sandbags holding bypass pipe in place and detaining sediment laden water on site A sandbag barrier used to decrease water velocity. Note use of silt mat and hydroseeding to decrease erosion and to increase vegetation in channel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.112 BMP: SANDBAG (continued) Sandbags used in combination with plastic and strawbales serving as a barrier Sandbags filled with washed rock acting as a filter ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.113 DESCRIPTION S edimentation sumps provide a sump within the flow line of ditches, swales, or channels to allow soil particles to collect and settle. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Collecting soil particles by settlement. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in areas where water quantity or velocities within steeper sloped ditches, swales, or channels are transporting sediment or material and impacting structures or habitat. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • To remove excessive fines. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Place rim of structure at flow line elevation. • Structures can be sized based on the quantity of soil particles and space availability within the transport facility. • Structures can be placed with other BMPs such as ditch linings or grass lining. • Structures can be placed in transport facilities where they collect sediment prior to pipe crossings into streams, wetlands, sensitive areas, or structures that easily plug with sediment. BMP MAINTENANCE • Structures should be monitored after rainfall events for determination of cleaning schedule and frequency. • Structures can be cleaned when necessary utilizing vactor truck used in cleaning of catch basins. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP Sedimentation Sump ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.114 DESCRIPTION A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of fabric stretched across and attached to supporting posts and entrenched into the soil. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow for filtering or settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retain soil particles on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for perimeter protection. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal feet to 1 vertical foot. On relatively flat slopes, the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • Directly in perennial streams or water courses. • Around drop inlets. • In front of storm drain inlets. • As a diversion dam. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • The BMP should be placed along contours. BMP Silt Fence ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.115 • The bottom of the fabric must be continuously and securely anchored for its entire length to reduce undermining. • The height of the fence shall be adequate to reduce the potential of silt from leaving the job site. • There must be at least a 3-foot overlap at vertical seams to avoid leakage. Both ends of the overlap must be securely attached to posts. • Increase the elevation at the ends of the BMP installation to prevent "end runs." BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Replace damaged sections of fabric. • Repair damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized- potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. Silt fence being installed on a temporary access road; used as perimeter protection BMP: SILT FENCE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.116 BMP: SILT FENCE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.117 DESCRIPTION A silt mat is a flat pre-manufactured pad made in three layers: jute mesh, excelsior, and burlap. The pads are 4 feet by 10 feet and are biodegradable. Sediment passes through the mat layers and is held by the burlap layer. Silt mats can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of soil particles. • Preventing erosion at discharge points. APPLICATIONS It may be used at pump discharges, pipe outlets, and/or of work sites to retain soil particles and provide stabilization. It may also be used in ditch lines. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • As the only BMP when excessive soil particles are present. • In high flow rates. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • This BMP may be used singly or in a group on the streambed immediately of a work site. • Silt mats should be installed with either staples or stakes. • There is no need for disposal. Place on adjacent slope or leave in place after use and add seed and mulch to stabilize the slope. • Joints need to be overlapped according to flow. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP Silt Mat ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.118 • Sediment loads should be monitored frequently to ensure the silt mat’s capacity load is not exceeded. Replace silt mats before capacity is reached. (Unless used in conjunction with re-vegetation). • Check periodically for gaps. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Silt mat may be incorporated into permanent stabilization/re-vegetation process. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: SILT MAT (continued) Silt mat installed in ditch to decrease erosion and allow settlement of suspended solids ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.119 DESCRIPTION A siltation pond/settling tank is a temporary containment structure or area for silt laden water to be initially discharged. After sufficient settling, the water may be discharged to sanitary sewer, storm drainage system or other BMP. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Allowing soil particles to settle prior to water being discharged off-site. • Settling water borne soil particles on site. • Controlling the flow of water through a settling tank may require a control structure such as a tee fitting, an oil/water separator or an orifice. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used wherever silt laden water must be removed from a construction site. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP (Siltation Pond) should not be used: • In soils that are not compatible for filtration, unless a liner is used. • If there is inadequate space to process the volume of sediment-laden water. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Silt ponds must be installed according to applicable permit requirements. • Water discharged from siltation pond/settling tank shall meet permit requirements at the point of discharge. • If an existing Retention/Detention facility or Settling Pond is near by, it may be utilized. • Check site to determine if there is adequate space for pond excavation. • Portable tanks may be used where ponds can not be constructed. • Siltation pond should be designed according to surface water design standards. BMP Siltation Pond/Settling Tank ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.120 BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK (continued) Large silt pond with turbidity curtain in place • Stabilize pipe outlet to minimize scour and erosion. • An optional liner may be used in ponds where soils are incompatible with filtration BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Inspect filtering or control devices frequently. Repair or replace them to ensure that the structure functions as designed. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine pond/tank is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). - Follow engineer’s recommendations for removal of BMP. - Recycle excess construction materials if feasible. - When siltation pond is removed it shall be in such a manner as to minimize disturbance. Remaining sediment shall be removed and/ or disposed of according to permit conditions. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal according to permit (if applicable). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.121 BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK (continued) A settling tank in use to allow onsite containment of water borne soil particles Settling tank ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.122 DESCRIPTION S oil stabilization can be accomplished through the installation of a protective blanket (covering) or a soil stabilization mat on a prepared planting area, a steep slope, channel and/or shoreline. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing erosion. • Providing a microclimate that protects young vegetation and promotes its establishment. • "Reinforcing the turf" to resist the forces of erosion during storm events. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used on short, steep slopes where erosion hazard is high and planting is likely to be slow in establishment. It may also be used on stream banks or tidal shorelines where moving water is likely to wash out new plantings. Soil stabilization blankets and matting may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In watercourses or streams without proper permits. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Installation is site specific. • See following drawings and specifications. BMP MAINTENANCE • If vegetation is incorporated, inspect during the plant establishment period. Re-plant, due to mortality, as necessary. • Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Check for erosion or undermining; any required repairs shall be made. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP Soil Stabilization (blankets and matting) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.123 Stabilizing the soil using matting and hydroseeding Stabilizing the soil in a sensitive area using blankets Lining a ditch with soil stabilization matting to reduce erosion ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.124 BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.125 BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.126 BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.127 DESCRIPTION A strawbale barrier is a small temporary barrier constructed across a non-fish bearing swale, gully, or drainageway. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/ perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/ erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of soil particles from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining soil particles on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in areas where permanent stabilization cannot be accomplished immediately. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. • Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Place bales in a single row perpendicular to the flow, with ends abutting one another. BMP Straw Bale Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.128 • The bottoms of the end bales should be placed higher in elevation than the top of the middle bale spillway to ensure sediment-laden runoff will flow over the barrier, and not around it. • Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration. • Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4 inches. • Gaps between bales shall be sealed by wedging straw in the space to limit escaping water. • Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the ground a minimum depth of 18 inches. • See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. • Any required repairs shall be made. (Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting). • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.129 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.130 DESCRIPTION A straw bale barrier is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of a row of entrenched and anchored straw bales. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/ perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/ erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining sediment on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. It may be used in combination with other barriers. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • Directly in watercourses or streams when fish are present. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: – Required or allowed by permit conditions. BMP Straw Bale Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.131 – Required by other regulations. – Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Bales shall be placed in a single row, on the contour, with ends of adjacent bales abutting one another. (If area does not allow a single row, additional rows need to be installed in a staggered fashion). • Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration. • Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4 inches. • Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the ground a minimum depth of 18 inches. • Gaps between bales shall be sealed by wedging straw in the space to limit escaping water. • Loose straw scattered over the area immediately uphill from the bale may increase barrier efficiency. • See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. • Any required repairs shall be made. (Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting). • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.132 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) Straw Bale Barrier reducing water velocity and erosive forces. Note other BMPs also being used ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.133 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.134 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.135 DESCRIPTION A straw barrier is a temporary barrier consisting of straw bales and a rock spillway placed across small drainage areas or gently sloping swales. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Allowing runoff to flow through or over the barrier. • Decreasing runoff velocity. • Retaining sediment on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in small channel flow situations. The rock size used in the spillway can be enlarged to accommodate larger flows. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • Directly in watercourses or streams when fish are present. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: – Required or allowed by permit conditions. – Required by other regulations. – Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Maximum height of the spillway shall be 2 feet. BMP Straw Bale Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.136 • See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail. • Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration. • Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4-inches. • Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the ground a minimum depth of 18 inches. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect bales periodically and after each significant rainfall. • Sediment shall be removed when it reaches one-half the height of the bale. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. Straw Bale Barrier being used with a rock spillway decreasing runoff velocity and retaining sediment onsite BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.137 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.138 DESCRIPTION S traw logs are manufactured from straw (or flax) wrapped in plastic netting. Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes, in shallow trenches. When cut or folded to appropriate length, these logs can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing slope length to capture and retain sediment on the slope. • Temporarily stabilizing slopes by reducing soil creep, sheet and rill erosion until permanent vegetation can be established. • Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil particles. • Filtering soil particles and debris. • Reducing water velocity and erosive forces. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches or across culvert ends of any dimension. It may be used instead of excelsior filled logs, coir logs, or straw bale filtering systems. Straw logs may also be used for perimeter sediment control. This BMP is particularly useful in areas where the effects of soil disturbance need to be minimized. This BMP may be used in gullies and stream channels as check dams; in conjunction with gabions, rip rap, articulated block, or cellular confinement systems. It may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), turf reinforcement mats, coir mats, continuous berms and other erosion control material. Straw logs may be used to replace silt fences or straw bales on steep slopes. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. BMP Straw Log ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.139 LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. • For permanent applications. (Other than vegetation). • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes, in 2-3 inch deep trench. • Spacing depends on soil type and slope steepness. • abut any adjacent logs. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • See "Live Staking", "Handseeding" and/or "Hydroseeding" BMP for planting. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. • BMP removal may not be necessary. BMP: STRAW LOG (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.140 BMP: STRAW LOG (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.141 DESCRIPTION This BMP utilizes vegetation as a method of stabilizing stream banks. Use of stream bank stabilization requires design. Use of this BMP will be determined through the permit process for maintenance work, however, this would normally be done as a Capital Improvement Project(CIP). PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Protecting stream banks from the erosive forces of flowing water, thereby, reducing silts and sedimentation. • Using it in conjunction with other practices to provide for an increase in site stability. • Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or watercourse banks. • Providing habitat for primary production. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. Stabilizing the stream bank by using coir logs, hydroseeding, and live staking. Streambed gravel installed to provide a natural spawning substrate BMP Stream Bank Stabilization (bio-engineering) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.142 DESCRIPTION A stream bypass is a method of diverting the main flow of a stream to a temporary alternate route during construction. It is used in conjunction with a cofferdam and pumps. A stream bypass may be constructed by various methods or combination of methods such as earthen berms, sand bags, ecology blocks and aqua barriers. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Diverting flowing water away from or around a construction site. • Minimizing sedimentation. • In limited cases, it may provide for fish passage. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used at stream crossings during culvert replacement, at bridge repair sites, and other sites where the stream flow cannot be interrupted. It may be used in combination with other barriers. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Stream bypass BMPs must be installed according to applicable permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Determine best method for specific site. • Discuss strategy with crew. • Work quickly to avoid water contamination by sediment. • Stabilize pipe outlet to minimize scour and erosion. • Pump and bypass should be designed or reviewed by an engineer to ensure capacity can handle peak flows. • Ensure that stream bypasses do not entrain salmonids at pipes and pumps. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect bypass, pump, and dam periodically. Repair any leaks. • Check for scour at bypass outfall. Repair or move as necessary. BMP Stream Bypass ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.143 • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. • Inspect fish isolation nets to ensure complete exclusion. Remove any accumulated debris from isolation net. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP when in-water work is complete. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). A stream bypass used to divert water around a construction site BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.144 BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued) A stream bypass used to divert water around a construction site ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.145 BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.146 DESCRIPTION S treambed gravel is, non-angular gravel of variable sizes used for habitat protection/maintenance, bridge maintenance or culvert replacements (which may be watercourses or streams). PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing a natural substrate. • Minimizing siltation in ditches and/or stormwater facilities. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to provide fish habitat in sensitive areas, culverts or ditches used by fish. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If the gravel does not meet design specifications. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Streambed gravel must be placed in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Check gravel gradation to ensure it meets design specifications. • If gravel does not meet specifications because of excessive fines, wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear. • Haul material in clean truck bed. • Dump streambed gravel onto tarped area on-site. • Place a cover or berm around streambed gravel stockpiles. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect piles of streambed gravel periodically. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP Streambed Gravel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.147 Placing streambed gravel inside a newly installed cross culvert to provide a natural substrate for fish ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.148 DESCRIPTION S urface roughening is roughening a bare, sloped soil surface with horizontal grooves running across the slope. Groves can be large-scale, such as grooving with disks, tiller, or other machinery, or with heavy track machinery which should be reserved for sandy, noncompressible soils. Roughening aids the establishment of vegetative cover, improves water infiltration, and decreases runoff velocity. This BMP is intended to keep soil from becoming water borne and reduces water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing runoff velocity and increasing infiltration. • Reducing erosion and providing for sediment trapping. • Aiding in establishment of vegetative cover with seed. • Reducing wind velocity at the soil surface. APPLICATIONS This BMP should be used as a temporary technique. It may be used in areas to reduce surface runoff or wind velocity until other BMPs can be installed. This BMP may be used on steeper slopes where revegetation is establishing. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • On slopes with a rock surface. • On excessively roughened slopes where mowing is planned. • In sensitive areas with hydric soils, due to heavy compaction. • On steep slopes without simultaneous revegetation. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Surface roughening shall be done by operating tracked equipment up and down the slope to leave traverse depressions in the soil. • As few passes as possible should be made to minimize soil compaction. BMP Surface Roughening ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.149 • The surface should be roughened to a depth of 2 to 4 inches. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Check for erosion, scour and sloughing, make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.150 BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.151 BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.152 DESCRIPTION S weeping is done by hand or mechanical means. A sweeper is a vehicle with brushes and/or a vacuum system and a water spray system used on the roadways to remove debris and soil particles. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Removing soil particles and debris before entering drainage systems, streams or watercourses. • Suppressing dust on roadways and at construction sites. • Removal of snow sand after snow and ice control operations. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to remove soil particles, debris and/or snow sand from paved surfaces. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS • All street sweeping is a benefit. There are no limitations. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Use pickup brooms in sensitive areas. • Use water with mechanical brooms. • Schedule snow sand removal as part of the snow and ice emergency response. • Dispose of collected material. BMP MAINTENANCE • BMP maintenance is not applicable. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP Sweeping ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.153 A sweeper picking up debris and soil particles on a paved access road ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.154 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.155 DESCRIPTION A temporary sediment trap is a small ponding area formed by constructing an earthen embankment with a rock outlet to allow for soil particle settling. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Retaining sediment on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used below disturbed areas where the total contributing drainage area is less than 3 acres. Drainage areas larger than 3 acres may use other BMPs such as siltation ponds or settling tanks, as defined in applicable permit conditions. It may also be used where the sediment trap will be used no longer than 18 months. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In areas where the total contributing drainage area is more than 3 acres. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • The area under the embankment shall be cleared and stripped of any vegetation and root mat. • Fill material shall be free of roots or other woody vegetation, organic material and other unsuitable material. • All embankment slopes shall be not steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. • The embankment shall be seeded. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Temporary Sediment Trap ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.156 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment shall be removed when it has accumulated to one-half the original dimension. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup from BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.157 BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) Temporary sediment trap detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.158 DESCRIPTION A triangular silt dike is a sediment control device made of foam sewn into a woven fabric. It is triangular in shape, 10 in. to 14 in. high in the center, with a 20 in. to 28 in. base. An apron extends beyond both sides of the triangle along its standard section of 7 ft. A sleeve at one end allows attachment of additional sections as needed. This BMP can be used to provide settling and/or reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining soil particles on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for temporary check dams in ditches of any dimension. This BMP may be used for perimeter protection. It may be used in combination with other barriers. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function. • As a filter. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: BMP Triangular Silt Dike ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.159 - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Install with the long flap upstream. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • BMP should be placed along contours. • BMP must be anchored with adhesive on asphalt or other hard surfaces or staples or stakes on soil or soft surfaces. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Use sweeper or hand broom to clean road surface. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.160 BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued) A triangular silt dike detaining water and allowing soil particles to settle A triangular silt dike in place with accumulated sediment being retained on site, prior to cleaning ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.161 BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.162 DESCRIPTION A turbidity curtain is a pre-manufactured floating geotextile structure which minimizes turbidity transport from a disturbed area adjacent to or within a body of water. This device allows for settling of suspended solids and/or reducing water velocity. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Minimizing the mixing of turbid water with the adjacent clean water. • Containing soil particles during construction and/or repair activities. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in water including open drainage systems, non-tidal and tidal watercourses where construction activities create turbidity. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Across the entire flow of the watercourse or stream. • To cross more than 2/3 of the main flow of any salmonids bearing water at the time of the year when any life history stage of salmonids are expected to be present. • Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Turbidity curtains must be installed according to applicable permit requirements. • Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for installation and safety measures. • Turbidity curtains are available in various heights. The units are preassembled in 50-foot and are used by connecting the number of units required. • Add a suitable weight or anchoring system to the bottom of the curtain. • See drawings on following pages. BMP Turbidity Curtain ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.163 • The turbidity curtain can be deployed in standing and/or in flowing water (see limitations). BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Inspect daily. • If repairs are required, follow directions in repair kit instructions. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP (recycle and/or reuse if applicable). • Follow manufacturer recommendations for removal. • When curtain is removed it shall be in such a manner as to minimize turbidity. Remaining soil particles shall be sufficiently settled before removing the curtain. • Water discharged from turbidity curtain shall meet permit requirements at the point of discharge. A river repair project in progress using a turbidity curtain to contain turbid water BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.164 BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.165 BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.166 DESCRIPTION V actoring is the use of a truck mounted drainage system cleaning device. The cleaning device operates on the principle of large volume, high-speed air movement to lift water, soil particles/sediment, contaminants and debris. A large tube conveys the collected materials into a tank mounted on the truck. The cleaning device also includes a freshwater supply and high-pressure pump system to flush and clean pipes and structures. Collected material is transported in the truck to approved disposal sites. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Cleaning drainage systems. • Dewatering the work area. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to clean and/or dewater enclosed drainage systems, open drainage systems, excavations and settling ponds. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where the flow exceeds the capacity of the cleaning device. • To remove large debris. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in a watercourse or stream, vactoring should be done according to applicable permit requirements. • Reduce potential for sediment and debris from re-entering water. • If entering a confined space use appropriate air testing and entry procedures. • Prepare work sequence to address backup equipment or project phasing when tank is full. BMP Vactoring ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.167 BMP MAINTENANCE • Follow manufacturer’s operation and service guidelines. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. Vactor truck removing sediment from catch basin ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.168 DESCRIPTION A vegetative buffer is a strip of vegetation (grasses and small forbes) adjacent to shoulders, ditches, pavement, and/or gravel roads. This BMP reduces soil from becoming water borne and reduces water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of the BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing bio-filtration. • Reducing soil particles, snow sand and debris from entering ditches or the drainage system. • Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or watercourse banks. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. • Allowing plants to grow over the ditch or channel. • Providing shade as long as it does not become a public safety hazard. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used adjacent to ditches and/or sensitive areas, parallel to roadways, parking lots or at road crossings and must comply with back of slope BMPs along ditch lines. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If it creates a potential public safety hazard according to federal, state, or city safety standards. • If it prohibits infiltration or prevents sheet flows. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • To the greatest extent possible, preserve existing vegetation as a buffer. • See other BMPs such as, handseeding, hydroseeding and/or live staking for construction guidelines. BMP Vegetative Buffer ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.169 BMP MAINTENANCE • Mow or trim the vegetative buffer in accordance with applicable standards. • Re-vegetate as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Roadside ditch with a vegetative buffer Using a ditchmaster to leave a vegetative buffer BMP: VEGETATIVE BUFFER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.170 DESCRIPTION W ashed rock is sediment free non-angular gravel. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Minimizing siltation in ditches and/or stormwater facilities. • Reducing velocity and erosive forces. • Filtering soil particles from water. • Stabilizing disturbed areas. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used wherever gravel will be placed in ditches and/or stormwater facilities which are watercourses or streams. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In locations where design and/or permit conditions prescribe other streambed material. • On steep slopes. • On road shoulders. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear. • Haul material in clean truck bed. • Dump cleaned rock onto tarped area on-site. • Place cover and berms around clean rock that will not be used immediately. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect stockpiles of cleaned rock periodically. If rock becomes contaminated rewash rock prior to use. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP Washed Rock ---PAGE BREAK--- PART 3 4(D) APPLICATION FOR INDIVIDUAL AGENCY ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.3 Part 3 4(d) Application for Individual Agency OVERVIEW T he Regional Road Maintenance Endangered Species Act Program (“Regional Program”) consists of the following three parts: • Part 1: Regional Program Elements. • Part 2: Best Management Practices. • Part 3: 4(d) Application for Individual Agency. Part 1 of the Regional Program describes the ten program elements along with the goals and outcomes of the program. Part 2 of the Regional Program contains Best Management Practices (BMPs) that require more detailed, site-specific information than routine BMPs, which are presented in Part 1. Part 3 of the Regional Program is an Application for Individual Agencies. Under the Regional Program, each agency must prepare a Part 3 Application. The Part 3 Application is presented in a “plug-and-play” format that allows applicants to “plug” into Parts 1 and 2 of the program to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. National Marine Fisheries Service/United States Fish and Wildlife Services (the Services) will review and approve each agency’s Part 3 Application. Before submittal to the Services, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs (H&LP) or the Regional Program will screen Part 3 Applications for compliance with the Regional Program. Each agency will submit a Part 3 Application to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. For more information on the Part 3 Application review see Element 2, Program Review and Approval, in Part 1 of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines (Guidelines). The Part 3 Application Process is shown on the following pages. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.4 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 Continued on Next Page Contact Regional Forum Agency Prepares and May Submit to Regional Forum* Part 3 Application Agency Incorporates Comments Agency Submits Application Application Reviewed for Program Consistency and Submitted to Services Yes No Sufficient? Yes No Compliance? ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.5 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 continued Yes No Services Evaluate Compliance? Biological Review and/or Assessment Required? No Services Grant Approval Yes Full Compliance with Regional Program Services Review Exceptions Exceptions Negotiated on Individual Agency Basis Services Grant Approval Yes No Services Approval Process Part 3 Denied Part 3 Denied Agency Prepares Biological Review and/or Assessment of Exceptions Program Exceptions Acceptable? ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.6 T his part of the Guidelines is a model for filling out your application. It allows applicants to agree to meet Parts 1 and 2 of the program— effectively creating a plug-and-play into Regional Program—by completing the examples provided in each section. If desired, your agency can also use the application to propose and explain procedural exceptions from the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application has the following four sections. • Section 1: Letter of Commitment. This section is a letter of commitment requesting the Services to approve plug-and-play for an agency to use Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program to receive a a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 2: Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2. This section contains the ten program elements in the Regional Program. Agencies must commit to complying with all Regional Program elements at both the regional and local levels to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 3: General Procedures. This section contains the general procedures of an agency. It outlines organizational structure and processes for maintenance selection, BMP selection and implementation, checklists, and adaptive management. • Section 4: Exceptions from the Regional Program. This section contains any exceptions from the Regional Program including the following: - Any agency programs not included in the Regional Program. - Any deviations. - Any additional maintenance categories not listed in Part 1 of the Guidelines. - Checklist process(es) if they differ from those in the Guidelines. - Any additions or changes outside of the Guidelines. How to Use Part 3 of the Guidelines ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.7 To adopt the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines without changes, any agency can use the examples in each of the four sections to develop their submittal. By inserting the agency’s name in place of “(Agency)”, applicants can directly create a Part 3 Application submittal. Each section in the Part 3 Application gives instructions for filling in the information. Or if your agency wishes to add to the Regional Program or to use a maintenance category other than those in the Guidelines, those exceptions from the program must be included and highlighted in Section 4 of your Part 3 Application. Agencies that are unfamiliar with the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines or the Part 3 Application process should attend a Regional Forum meeting. The Regional Forum can help applicants better understand the Regional Program and the Part 3 Application process. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.8 T he Part 3 Application components are outlined below. Each of the four sections of the application gives italicized instructions and clearly marked boldface areas for you to insert the name of your agency. Inserting your agency’s name and submitting the Part 3 Application means you agree to the Regional Program without changes. If your agency wishes to develop their own Part 3, you must highlight those areas you wish to include or exclude from the Regional Program. PART 3 APPLICATIONS HAVE FOUR SECTIONS The following is a detailed listing of what you must provide in each of the four sections of the Part 3 Application. Instructions and examples are on the following pages: Section 1: Letter of Commitment to Implement the Regional Program 1. Complete Letter of Commitment to NMFS 2. Complete Letter of Commitment to USFWS Section 2: Commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program 1. Commit to regional action 2. Commit to local action Section 3: General Procedures Provide the following information: 1. Organizational structure. 2. Maintenance activity or project selection process. 3. BMP selection and implementation process. 4. Checklist process. 5. Internal adaptive management process. Section 4: Exceptions from the Regional Program 1. Describe any elements not included in the Regional Program. 2. Describe any deviations from the Regional Program. 3. Describe additional maintenance categories not listed in Parts 1 or 2 of Guidelines. 4. Provide an Agency-specific checklist. 5. Provide other additions or changes. Part 3 Application ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.9 (Example of letter to National Marine Fisheries Service) Instructions: • This is a formal letter request to commit your agency to implement the Regional Program. • Fill in both letters. • Submit letter to each of the Services. Section 1 (Agency) Letter of Commitment to Implement the Regional Program Date Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Name) National Marine Fisheries Service - NW Region, Regional Administrator 7600 Sandpoint Way NE Seattle, WA 98115 Subject: (Agency) Commitment to Implement the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Dear Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Contact Name): This letter serves as a letter of commitment from the (Agency) to the National Marine Fisheries Service that the (Agency) will implement the measures, and abide by the commitment made in this Part 3 Application. In addition, we will work closely with National Marine Fisheries Service as we evaluate and adjust the routine Road Maintenance ESA Program through adaptive management. The (Agency) is committed to being a partner in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Part of this commitment is identifying and implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize potential environmental impacts associated with Road Maintenance activities. The accompanying Part 3 Application represents the minimization and avoidance measures identified for routine road maintenance activities. The (Agency) will participate as an active member of the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will implement the program outlined in this Part 3 Application. If you need additional information, or have any questions, please feel free to contact (Agency Official) at Sincerely, (Title Block) Enclosure ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.10 (Example of letter to United States Fish & Wildlife Service) Date Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Name) United States Fish & Wildlife Service 510 Desmond Drive; Suite 102 Lacey WA 98503 Subject: (Agency) Commitment to Implement the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Dear Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Contact Name): This letter serves as a letter of commitment from the (Agency) to the United States Fish & Wildlife Service that the (Agency) will implement the measures, and abide by the commitment made in this Part 3 Application. In addition, we will work closely with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as we evaluate and adjust the routine Road Maintenance ESA Program through adaptive management. The (Agency) is committed to being a partner in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Part of this commitment is identifying and implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize potential environmental impacts associated with Road Maintenance activities. The accompanying Part 3 Application represents the minimization and avoidance measures identified for routine road maintenance activities. The (Agency) will participate as an active member of the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will implement the program outlined in this Part 3 Application . If you need additional information, or have any questions, please feel free to contact (Agency Official) at Sincerely, (Title Block) Enclosure ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.11 Instructions: • This is a commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program. There are ten program elements in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Agencies must comply with each of the ten program elements to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. Each element has a regional action and a Local action component. • If your agency wishes to comply with the elements in Section 2 without changes, insert the agency’s name in place of the boldface and italics “(Agency)”. These paragraphs meet the minimum requirements as stated in the Regional Program. • If your agency proposes exceptions to the Regional Program, these exceptions will need to be defined for both the Regional level and your Local level in section 4 for of the Part 3 Application. The following are the ten elements of the Regional Program (see Guidelines) Element 1. Regional Forum: A Regional Forum has been created from participating agencies. The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for program discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. Regional Action The (Agency) Director or designee will be appointed as the Regional Forum member, representing the department. The appointed member shall have the knowledge, authority, and maintenance technical expertise in the field, to discuss, coordinate, and participate in adaptive management of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The member will have the maintenance knowledge and technical expertise to review the Regional Program, review adaptive management results, recommend program changes, request funding, and brief policy makers for their review and approval of the program. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum, committee discussions, and activities as they pertain to the Regional Program. Local Action The (Agency) will develop a (Agency) ESA team that meets regularly. The team will consist of assigned maintenance and operation supervisors and maintenance environmental personnel. The (Agency) team will Section 2 (Agency) Commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.12 implement the Regional Program, develop and update the (Agency) Part 3 application for (Agency) manager’s review and approval. The team will also coordinate development and implementation of the (Agency) Part 3, which includes review, discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. The team will recommend program changes that evolve from adaptive management to improve the regional program and the (Agency) program. The team will prepare a quarterly Adaptive Management report for the Regional Forum meetings. This report will provide an overview of the implementation of the program. The Adaptive Management report will also recommend potential revisions to the Regional Program based on new information. Element 2. Program Review and Approval: The program review and approval process will require that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. Each agency’s Part 3 Application will be reviewed by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Program (H&LP) or the Regional Forum, to ensure that all ten program elements are included in the Part 3 Application. The Services will issue final approval for each agency. Regional Action: The Regional Forum has developed, in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) H&LP, and with the approval of the Services, a process for road maintenance Part 3 Application review. This review and approval process serves as an agency’s commitment to comply with the approved program (Part 1 and Part The (Agency), as part of the Regional Forum, will work with WSDOT H&LP or the Regional Forum and the Services in the evaluation of the process for reviewing local agency Part 3 Applications as they relate to the Regional Program. Local Action: The (Agency) team will work to develop the (Agency)’s Part 3 Application,- and implement the Regional Program. The team will review the following documents: letter of commitment, commitment to the ten program elements, organization structure, activity selection process, selecting/ implementing the BMP process, the checklist process, and any local program exceptions from the regional program. The team will review the Part 3 application to ensure it meets the requirements of the Regional Program. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.13 Element 3. Training: Courses will include the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit, maintenance BMPs, and monitoring work activities. The WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, and University of Washington or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program, in conjunction with the Regional Forum, will develop a curriculum for training of road maintenance employees in the implementation of the Regional Program. The curriculum may be taught by T2 instructors, WSDOT Trainers, or other trainers that have passed the train-the-trainer course. Regional Action: The Regional Forum has, in cooperation with the WSDOT T2 Center, University of Washington, or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program, developed a program for formal training of road maintenance employees in the implementation of the regional program. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to Program Element 3 training activities. The (Agency) may participate in the training committee, working with WSDOT (T2), the University of Washington (TRANSPEED) or WSDOT to develop and implement training curriculum as outlined in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The (Agency) will support an adaptive management approach to training by reviewing course curriculum and proposing changes to incorporate new information into the program. Local Action The (Agency) will require maintenance employees to attend training courses relevant to their position within the organization as courses are developed and become available. New maintenance employees will be trained on relevant Regional Program courses within a reasonable amount of time. The (Agency) team will review and recommend updates to the Regional Program training through adaptive management activities by reviewing course curriculum and implementation of the training program. Element 4. Compliance Monitoring: Compliance monitoring will take place at a number of levels: local agency supervisory staff and local, state and federal agency permitting authorities evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. Each local jurisdiction will establish a formal compliance monitoring program for monitoring BMP implementation and monitoring that takes place as part of various research projects. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.14 Regional Action: The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum to review the compliance monitoring activities as they pertain to the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The Regional Forum process includes program implementation, adaptive management, planning process, performance assessments process, outcome assessments process and coordination with resource agencies. Local Action The (Agency) team will review implementation of the (Agency)’s program and through adaptive management recommend changes to the program if needed. The team will conduct planning meetings with environmental staff to identify maintenance activities, permits, BMPs, and in-water work requirements. The team will conduct performance assessments on selected BMPs. Performance assessment will involve site visits with environmental staff, supervisors, or resource agencies through the permit process. Monitoring will be done on a routine basis by crew leads, supervisors, maintenance inspectors, or environmental staff. Monitoring may include adequacy of BMPs, development or implementation of checklists, review of implemented BMPs, and their effectiveness. The team will evaluate BMP implementation and, through adaptive management, evaluate performance. The team will then review new information on BMPs and develop recommendations for incorporation in the Regional Program. Element 5. Scientific Research: Case studies in the field, as well as literature review done by others, are included in this program element. The scientific research element will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs and to recommend changes to BMPs based on the latest technologies. Regional Action: The Regional Forum is a meeting for cooperative research, professional maintenance interaction, information sharing and adaptive management. The research to be performed by the Regional Forum will be specific to road maintenance activities to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs used within the road maintenance right-of-way. Case studies and literature review may be performed both locally and regionally. The information gained may be shared through the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to scientific research activities and shared experiences. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.15 Local Action The (Agency) Team will analyze specific road maintenance BMPs and jointly work with or support development of a research committee. Element 6. Adaptive Management: The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring elements are the basis for adaptive management. Regional Action: The Regional Forum provides a forum for adaptive management of the Regional Program. Adaptive management will apply to all elements of the Regional Program. Compliance monitoring, BMP effectiveness monitoring, review of the Regional Program, and scientific research shall provide some of the basis for adaptive management. Information gained from these elements, will be shared at the Regional Forum to provide the basis for adaptive management decisions. Adaptive management will allow new information and science based technology to be incorporated into recommended changes to the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to adaptive management. Local Action: The (Agency) team will implement the program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines and apply adaptive management to the ten program elements. The team will implement a compliance monitoring effort to evaluate the effectiveness of selected BMPs used within program activities. The team will discuss BMPs as part of their routine meetings and make recommendations on incorporating new information, and changes to the Regional Forum. Element 7. Emergency Response: This element provides a framework under which road maintenance agencies can operate during emergencies. Regional Action: Regional Program includes guidance on emergency response for road maintenance agencies. Emergency response is defined as actions undertaken to avoid imminent threat to public health and safety, public or private property, or prevent an imminent threat of serious environmental degradation. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.16 The (Agency) will participate in Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to emergency response activities. Local Action The (Agency) will respond to emergency road maintenance situations and stabilize the situation. Sites will be reviewed with regulatory agencies (as required), and appropriate permits applied for following site stabilization. The (Agency) will develop a phone tree for resource contacts to be called during an emergency response. Where possible the emergency maintenance activities will employ the same BMPs as routine maintenance activities. Element 8. Biological Data Collection: This element includes habitat location information within the right-of-way and development of a process to train and alert staff where these guidelines need to be utilized. Regional Action: The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to the biological data collection process and share experiences or actions encountered. Local Action: The (Agency) team will work to identify aquatic habitat locations to make BMP decisions within the road maintenance right-of-way. The team will develop a process and train staff when and where to apply the BMPs. Element 9. Biennial Reports: The Regional Forum will provide biennial (every two years) reports to the Services. Biennial reports will include a review of the ten program elements, updates on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates to the program elements. Regional Action: As a member of the Regional Forum, the (Agency) will participate in providing the Services biennial reports on the progress of the ten program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. This report will include a status report and updates on each program element, review of the training program, review of scientific research, review program implementation, and implementation of adaptive management, including recommended changes. The Services will be provided a copy of the quarterly newsletter. The biennial report will be provided to others upon request. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.17 Local Action: The (Agency) will provide quarterly and biennial report to the Regional Forum for use in compiling its biennial report on implementation of the Regional Program. This report will address implementation and progress of the (Agency)’s Part 3 Application and activities as they relate to the implementation of the ten program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. Element 10. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Conservation Outcomes: BMPs and desired conservation outcomes have been developed for road maintenance activities. The Regional Forum will annually review and update the BMPs. Local agencies and the Services will review whatever changes the Regional Forum recommends for adoption. Regional Action: The Regional Forum will provide a forum for review and update of the BMPs, and the development of a training program outlined in Program Element 3. The Regional Forum will evaluate the training program and through adaptive management recommend changes to incorporate new information as needed. The (Agency) may participate in the Regional Forum discussions and activities as they pertain to the Regional Program. Local Action: The (Agency) team will implement the Regional Program. As the training program is developed and made available, the training program will be implemented. The team will develop a decision process to identify when environmental staff is to be consulted. The implementation of Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes, will be reviewed and updated annually. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.18 Section 3 (Agency) General Procedures Instructions: • Complete this section by providing the following materials on your agency’s general procedures: Instructions for each subsection will guide you through this section. GENERAL PROCEDURES MATERIALS 3a Organizational Structure 3b Maintenance Activity/Project Selection Process • Classification responsible for making decisions • Biological oversight/support 3c Selecting/Implementing the BMP Process 3d Checklist Process 3e Internal Process for Adaptive Management 3a (Agency) Organizational structure Instructions: • This is a commitment to identify staff participating in the Regional Program • Complete this section by including your organizational structure for road maintenance activities. The organizational structure will help your agency define who is covered under the Regional Program. 3b (Agency) Maintenance Activity/Project Selection and Authorization Process Instructions: • This is a commitment to a maintenance activity/project selection and authorization process. As you develop your process you may use this framework as a guide. • The boldface items are the key components your need to define for your process. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.19 Input for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Management Team • Customer Request • Inspection • Environmental Planner/Permit Coordinator Selection for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Directors • Superintendent • M & O • Supervisors Conceptual Planning for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Design Engineers/Consultant • Superintendent • M & O • Supervisors Budget for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to the following: • Director • Superintendent Schedule for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Superintendent • Supervisor ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.20 Environmental Support for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Environmental Planner/Permit Coordinator • In House • USFWS • NMFS • WDFW • Consultants 3c (Agency’s) BMP Selection and Implementation Process Instructions: • This is your agency’s commitment to a BMP Selection and Implementation Process. • If you are planning to use the Guidelines without changes, the following sample checklist matches that of the Regional Program. • If you develop a different process, it must be outlined in Section 4 of this Part 3 Application. Regional Program BMP Selection and Implementation Process • Use checklists in Appendix D of the Guidelines or develop and use your own checklists as defined in Section 4 of your Part 3 Application. • Become familiar with the Guidelines. • Identify the “Maintenance Category (ies)” to be performed and BMP categories. • Define the activity, scope and limits. • Conduct a site visit. • Review the BMP options. • List those BMPs (both part 1 and Part2) applicable to the Maintenance Category or Categories. • Select the BMP(s) that will meet the desired outcome. • Secure permits. • Prepare a maintenance sequence and/or schedule. • Conduct a pre-maintenance/pre-construction meeting to go over the ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.21 activity, roles and responsibilities, and BMP(s) installation, monitoring/ maintenance, and removal. • Gather the necessary crew(s), equipment and material. • Implement the BMP(s) by following the Guidelines’ instructions, permits or plans. • Ask for help (if required). 3d Checklist Process Instructions: • This is a commitment to use a checklist process in your agency. • If you are planning to use the Guidelines without changes, use the following sample checklists from the Regional Program. • If you develop a different process, it must be outlined in this section under a heading “Your Checklist Process” and in section 4 of this Part 3 Application. 3d Activity or BMP Planning and Selection Checklist 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is Environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in the work area or activity impact area? (If yes, contact environmental support staff or WDFW.) 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMP(s) from Part 1 & 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward. 11. Prepare construction or maintenance sequence (including installation, monitoring, maintaining and removing BMP(s)). ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.22 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or a pre-construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. 3d Pre-Construction or Pre-Maintenance Meeting Checklist 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (including installation, monitoring, maintaining and removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles and responsibilities of personnel and agencies related to aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). 3d Activity or BMP Installation, Monitoring, Maintaining and Removal Checklist 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.23 3e Internal Process for Adaptive Management Instructions: • This is a commitment to use an adaptive management process in your agency. • If you are planning to plug into the Guidelines without changes, use the following adaptive management framework. (See the Guidelines). • If you develop a different adaptive management process, it must be outlined in this section and listed in section 4 of this Part 3 Application. (Agency) staff will participate in the Regional Forum, described in Part 1 of the Regional Program Guidelines. (Agency) will develop a team in which information and experiences can be shared and reviewed to improve the implementation of the Regional Program. The team will do the following: • Share information. • Review and evaluate the implementation progress of each Regional Program element. • Gather and analyze information in order to develop and implement alternatives to correct unproductive BMP(s). • Review and evaluate new information for possible incorporation into the Program. • Any Program modifications will be reviewed/approved by (Agency) policy makers. The figure on the next page shows the local agency adaptive management process: ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.24 Agency Adaptive Management Figure 11 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY Pre-Activity Evaluation Evaluate • BMP Outcome • Conservation Outcome Maintenance Activity Maintenance Activity Conduct Work Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work Select BMP Take Action to Avoid Impacts (most of the time) Minimize if Unable to Completely Avoid Impacts (rare occasion) Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work If Problem Occurs Adaptive Management Recommend Modifications to Part 1 and or Part 2 of Guidelines Discuss at Local ESA Team Meeting Regional Forum • Install BMPs Pre-Activity Evaluation Maintenance Activity Adaptive Management 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.25 Section 4 Exceptions from Regional Program Instructions: • Any exceptions to the Regional Program may require a full program review and negotiation. The Services will determine the level of review. This review could include any or all of the following: - Biological review. - Negotiations with the Services. - Public notice. - Comment period. • Highlight any changes or additions to the Regional Program under the proper headings below: - If agency has no exceptions indicate so under 4E. GENERAL PROCEDURES 4a Describe any local program elements not included in the Regional Program. 4b Describe any deviations from the Regional Program. 4c Additional Maintenance Categories/Activities, not listed in Parts 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 4d Agency-specific checklists, if different from those in Part 1 of the Guidelines. 4e Other additions or changes. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.26 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A The table below lists the Regional Forum members and other contacts for those agencies that have applied for a take limit under limit 10(ii) of the 4(d) rule as of this publication. Updates will be provided to Regional Forum members as additional agencies are added to the program. Agency Last First Name Name Subcommittee Title Phone # E-mail Address Bellevue Blane Pete Supervisor (425) 452-7947 [EMAIL REDACTED] Holmes Randy OPS Manager (425) 452-2911 [EMAIL REDACTED] Vidmar Denny UT Asst. Director of O & M (425) 452-2759 [EMAIL REDACTED] Bremerton Sampley Gene Director of Public Works (360) 478-5315 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tulp Bob Public Works Operations Manager (360) 478-7253 [EMAIL REDACTED] Burien Clark Stephen PW Director (206) 248-5514 [EMAIL REDACTED] Bretzke Daniel Street and Stormwater Maintenance Manager (206) 439-3163 [EMAIL REDACTED] Clallam County McInnes Don County Road Engineer (360) 417-2312 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tyler Ross Assistant Engineer [4(d) Lead] (360) 417-2448 [EMAIL REDACTED] Clark County Wilson Scott Road Supervisor (360) 397-2446 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tyler John ESA Program Coordinator (360) 397-2022 [EMAIL REDACTED] Covington Delph David Interim Public Works Director (253) 638-1110 [EMAIL REDACTED] Dempsey Andy City Manager (253) 638-1110 [EMAIL REDACTED] Zeitler Janine Admin. Assistant (253) 638-1110 [EMAIL REDACTED] Edgewood Lorenzen Dave Public Works Director (253) 952-3299 [EMAIL REDACTED] Edmonds Moles Tod Storm Lead Everett Thetford Tom Utilities Director (425) 257-8800 [EMAIL REDACTED] Harris Roy PR, BR, TR, SW, UT Maintenance & Operations Supervisor (425) 257-8893 [EMAIL REDACTED] Crum Gerry PR, TR, SW, UT Maintenance & Operations Supervisor (425) 257-8827 [EMAIL REDACTED] Crane Paul Environmental Permit Coordinator (425) 257-8949 [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- Agency Last First Name Name Subcommittee Title Phone # E-mail Address Kenmore Carlson Ted Public Works Superintendent (425) 398-8900 [EMAIL REDACTED] Hawley Carter Assistant City Manager (425) 398-8900 [EMAIL REDACTED] Kent Blanchard Larry PublicWorks Operations Manager (253) 856-5600 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mactutis Mike Public Works (253) 856-5520 [EMAIL REDACTED] Don Public Works Director (253) 856-5500 King County Arima Debbie PR, BR Acting Assistant Operations Manager (206) 296-8138 [EMAIL REDACTED] Fritz Rob BR Supervising Engineer / Biologist (206) 205-7107 [EMAIL REDACTED] Johanson Janine PR, BR, TR Biologist (206) 205-7101 [EMAIL REDACTED] Momahara Alan Technology Unit Manager (206) 205-7084 [EMAIL REDACTED] Murata-Smith Kathi Program Analyst (206) 296-8142 [EMAIL REDACTED] Brown Kathy Former Assistant Operations Manager (206) 296-8100 [EMAIL REDACTED] Krank Ken Senior Engineer (206) 296-8172 [EMAIL REDACTED] Kirkland Kremer Gregory Surface Water Manager (425) 828-1157 [EMAIL REDACTED] Kitsap County Casteel Randy Director (360) 337-5777 [EMAIL REDACTED] Dickson David Asst. Director of Public Works (360) 337-7290 [EMAIL REDACTED] Jonathon Brand Asst. Director of Public Works (360) 337-3770 [EMAIL REDACTED] Smith Bob Road Superintendent (360) 337-5777 [EMAIL REDACTED] Lake Forest Park Zenk Frank ext. 104 Director of Public Services (206) 368-5440 [EMAIL REDACTED] Lakewood Larkin Bill Public Works Director (253) 512-2261 [EMAIL REDACTED] Maple Valley Sund Gary PW Director (425) 413-8800 [EMAIL REDACTED] Zielinski Dave Project Engineer (425) 413-8800 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mason County Thuring Bob SW, UT Public Works: Maintenance Engineering Manager (360) 427-9670 [EMAIL REDACTED] Yando Gary Utilities/Waste Management Division - Director (360) 427-9670 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mill Creek Jacobson Doug Public Works Director Newcastle Walker James Public Works Director (425) 649-4444 [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- Agency Last First Name Name Subcommittee Title Phone # E-mail Address Pierce County Wagner Bruce Road Operations Manager (253) 798-2953 [EMAIL REDACTED] Rudolph Jeff BR, ESA Program Coordinator (253) 798-7693 [EMAIL REDACTED] Renton Crumley Jack Maintenance Director (425) 430-7400 [EMAIL REDACTED] Thompson John Manager (425) 430-7400 [EMAIL REDACTED] Sammamish Cunningham John Public Works Director/ Assistant City Manager (425) 836-7913 [EMAIL REDACTED] Yazici Ben City Manager (425) 898-0660 [EMAIL REDACTED] Shoreline Dicks George Maintenance Supervisor (206) 546-2408 [EMAIL REDACTED] Maronek Arthur Interim Public Works Director (206) 546-0460 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mulhern Edward Surface Water Coordinator (206) 546-0460 [EMAIL REDACTED] Sanchez Jesus Operations Manager (206) 546-2519 [EMAIL REDACTED] Snohomish County Andrews John Senior Environmental Coordinator (360) 862-7524 [EMAIL REDACTED] Konopinski Dennis TR, SW Drainage/ Water Quality Lead Worker (360) 862-7528 [EMAIL REDACTED] Scalf Roy PR, TR, SW Sr. Operations Coordinator (360) 862-7508 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tacoma Hanson Hardy PR Asst. Mgr. Public Works (253) 591-5261 [EMAIL REDACTED] Ott Chris PR, TR, IS, SW ESA Program Coordinator (253) 591-5929 [EMAIL REDACTED] Thurston County Sahli Brian Safety and Operations Manager (360) 754-4277 [EMAIL REDACTED] Weston Dick Manager, Dept. of Roads & Transportation Svces (360) 754-4279 [EMAIL REDACTED] University Place Cooper Gary Public Works Superintendent (253) 460-6494 [EMAIL REDACTED] Holloway Marian Assistant (253) 460-6493 [EMAIL REDACTED] WSDOT Gray Laurel Training Coordinator (360) 705-7386 [EMAIL REDACTED] Hasselbach Brian Environmental Engineer (360) 705-6975 [EMAIL REDACTED] King Al OSC Highways & Local Programs, Operations Engineer (360) 705-7375 [EMAIL REDACTED] Stephens Sandra PR, BR, TR, SW Water Quality Policy Manager (360) 705-7853 [EMAIL REDACTED] Sunde Dan T2, Director (360) 705-7390 [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- B.1 APPENDIX B: Role of WSDOT Highways and Local Programs of Part 3 Applications T o assist the National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Service (the Services) and local agencies with review of agencies’ Part 3 Application, Regional Forum members have requested assistance from WSDOT’s Highways and Local Programs (H&LP). H&LP or the Regional Forum will review Part 3 Applications to determine whether or not all of the ten program elements are included. This screening of the Part 3 Application helps to ensure that local agencies present complete packages to the Services. The Services issue final approval of an individual Part 3 Application. Regional Program review activities are outlined by program element on the following pages: Program Element 1: Regional Forum The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for ESA Program discussion, coordination and adaptive management. Participation in the Regional Program is required to ensure that information from individual agencies can be folded into the adaptive management process for the program. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application proposal to determine participation in the Regional Forum. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure the application meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 2: Program Review and Approval The approval process requires that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application to determine the ten program elements are included. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure application meets the revised elements of the program. • Make an affirmative statement to the Services regarding each agency’s Part 3 Application compliance. 2 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- B.2 • Return application to agency with letter of deficiencies. • Provide dispute resolution process. Program Element 3: Training The training program includes the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit activities, maintenance BMPs, for work activities. H&LP Role: • H&LP will review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the training elements of the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. • H&LP will review each agency’s Part 3 Application when changes have been made for consistency with the Regional Program. Program Element 4: Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring will be established through the training program, permit process, and by local agencies evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. • Review changes to each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. Program Element 5: Scientific Research This element includes case studies in the field and literature research of studies done by others. The research will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs, and update BMPs based on latest technologies. 3 4 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- B.3 H&LP Role: • H&LP will review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the scientific research element of the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application to determine that participation in research and case studies is included. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 6: Adaptive Management The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring in particular will provide a framework of information for Program Element 6, Adaptive Management. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program • Review changes to each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 7: Emergency Response This element provides a framework under which road maintenance organizations may operate during emergencies. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for compliance with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. 6 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- B.4 Program Element 8: Biological Data Collection Biological data collection will provide aquatic habitat location information within the right-of-way. Under this program element, agencies will be developing processes to train and alert staff where the Guidelines need to be applied. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for compliance with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure application meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 9: Biennial Reports Reports will include a review of the ten program elements, update on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates on each program element. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 application for compliance with the Regional Program. • Review any changes to agencies’ Part 3 Applications for consistency with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 10: BMPs and Conservation Outcomes: The Regional Program BMPs were developed for road maintenance activities. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. • Review updates or changes to each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. 9 10BMPs 8 ---PAGE BREAK--- C.1 APPENDIX C: BMP Outcome Category Matrix AQUA BARRIER 2.20 BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING 2.23 COFFERDAM 2.25 COIR FABRIC 2.28 COIR LOG 2.30 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.33 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.36 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.38 CONTINUOUS BERM 2.41 CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.44 DEWATERING 2.49 DIAPER NETTING 2.51 DITCH LINING 2.53 DIVERSION BERM 2.55 DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.57 DUST CONTROL 2.60 EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.62 FILTER FABRIC 2.64 GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.66 GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.70 HALF ROUND FILTER 2.71 HAND SEEDING 2.73 HYDROSEEDING 2.75 INLET PROTECTION 2.77 KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.84 LARGE WOODY MATERIAL 2.86 LIVE STAKING 2.91 MULCHING 2.95 PLASTIC COVERING 2.97 PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.99 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- C.2 RIP RAP 2.101 ROCK CHECK DAM 2.103 SANDBAG 2.107 SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.111 SILT FENCE 2.112 SILT MAT 2.115 SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK 2.117 SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.120 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.125 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.128 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.133 STRAW LOG 2.136 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION 2.139 STREAM BYPASS 2.140 STREAMBED GRAVEL 2.144 SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.146 SWEEPING 2.150 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.153 TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.156 TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.160 VACTORING 2.164 VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.166 WASHED ROCK 2.168 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 Continued ---PAGE BREAK--- D.1 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Planning and Selection Sample Checklist #1 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support staff or WDFW.) 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMPs from Part 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand all permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward.. 11. Prepare construction/maintenance schedule, and/or sequence (Including installing, monitoring, maintaining, and removing BMP(s).) 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or pre- construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. APPENDIX D: Sample Checklists ---PAGE BREAK--- D.2 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Pre-construction and Pre-maintenance Meeting Sample Checklist #2 Figure 15 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign-in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (Including installation, monitoring, maintaining, & removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies related to all aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). ---PAGE BREAK--- D.3 Activity and bmp Installation, Monitoring, Maintianing and Removal Sample Checklist #3 Figure 16 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with the Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- D.4 Activity and bmp Routine Part 1 Sample Checklist #4 Figure 17 Task Yes No 1. Make site visit before starting work 2. Define activity, scope, and limits 3. Review Part 1 BMPs • Permit needed • Scheduling considerations • Equipment maintenance • Disturbed soil • Waste material removed • Spill kit • Part 2 BMPs needed • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 4. Is environmental staff required? NO – continue maintenance YES – contact environmental staff for review 5. In water work • Stop work • Contact environmental staff for review • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- E.1 APPENDIX E: Fish Exclusion Protocol January 2003 INTRODUCTION Road Maintenance activities frequently require work within streams that contain salmonids. Some of these activities—such as culvert replacements and ditch maintenance within salmonid bearing streams—require a site to be temporarily dewatered. In such cases, BMPs are used to minimize or reduce deleterious impacts to aquatic resources. Fish and other wildlife removal from the work area is allowable under a special collection permit required by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Fish exclusion from the work site prior to dewatering must be done in accordance with the protocols set forth in this appendix. ROAD MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES THAT MAY REQUIRE FISH EXCLUSION The following are road maintenance activities that may require the use of fish exclusion. Watercourses and Streams Repair, replacement, installation and maintenance tasks performed on watercourses or streams may include the following activities: structural repair/ replacement, slope stabilization, sediment removal, vegetation management, debris removal, and habitat maintenance or improvements. Stream Crossings Repair, maintenance, cleaning, installation or replacement/upgrade of stream- crossing facilities such as pipes, arch pipes, box culverts, fish ladders, weirs, sediment pools, and bridges. Bridge Maintenance Bridge maintenance activities include repairing, replacing, maintaining the following bridge components: superstructure, footings, piers, supports, abutments, and ramps. Emergency Slide/Washout Repair Slide and washout repair activities include the following: removal of slide/ washout material from the ROW, back-filling or stabilizing slope, reestablishment of damaged roadway features, repairing and cleaning drainage system, and re-vegetating or armoring with rock. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.2 ADMINISTRATION Prior to dewatering the site, aquatic life (vertebrate species) are temporarily excluded and relocated out of the work area. Fish exclusion is done under the supervision of environmental support staff. PERMITS As mentioned, fish and other wildlife removal from the work area is allowable under a special collection permit required by WDFW. Those permit conditions must be followed. A copy of all necessary permits must be in the possession of any persons authorized to collect wildlife, food fish, and/or shellfish. TRAINING A qualified environmental staff member, trained by WDFW or USFWS staff, will conduct the training program. Training must occur before an inexperienced crew begins fish exclusion techniques, including electrofishing. Training must occur in waters that do not contain ESA-listed fish. The training program will include the following elements: 1. Fish handling techniques and fish identification. 2. How to monitor and install block nets. 3. A demonstration of the proper use of seines and electrofishing equipment, the role each member of the crew performs, and basic gear maintenance. 4. An explanation of how electrofishing attracts fish. 5. An explanation of how gear can injure fish and how to recognize signs of injury. 6. Definitions of basic terminology: e.g. galvanotaxis and tetany. 7. A review of these guidelines and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. 8. A field session in which trainees actually perform each role on the netting and electrofishing crew. 9. Field supervision by the environmental staff member during the first few days of electrofishing. 10. Only a backpack electrofisher will be used. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.3 INFORMATION LOGS Each species and year-class is recorded in bound field notebooks. Year-class designations may be used to allow a rapid estimate of length to minimize fish handling time. Salmonids with fork of approximately 60 millimeters or less will be classified as 0+ age fish; and fish over 60 millimeters will be classified as 1+ age fish. Field notes may also include information such as date, personnel, time, general site conditions, weather, stream temperature, conductivity, length of stream reach, methods used, and any other general comments. Data collected is used for research purposes and clear/concise documentation is important. Any injuries or mortalities during fish exclusion will be documented and reported if it involves an ESA-listed species. Contact with an ESA-listed species during fish exclusion activities will be documented and reported to the Services. Specific information should include: date of collection; site location; county; Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA); stream name; section, township, range; common species name; scientific name; length; number of individuals; method of removal; and specimen disposition. WORKSITE FISH EXCLUSION Several techniques are used to reduce any impacts to the affected species that are handled during exclusion. Fish exclusion techniques depend on the characteristics of the affected reach. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Substrate composition. • Water depth and velocity. • Vegetation characteristics. • Bank conditions. • Debris or obstructions present within the channel. The following is the proper sequence for fish exclusion: • Isolate the area (block nets). • Dip, seine, or fyke net exclusion. • Electrofishing (as determined by permit and site conditions) • Dewatering (and fish exclusion). • Fish identification and release. • Remove block nets. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.4 ISOLATE THE AREA Install block nets at upstream and locations to isolate the entire affected stream reach and prevent fish and other aquatic wildlife from moving into the work area. Block net mesh size, length, type of material, and depth will vary based on site conditions. Generally, block net mesh size is the same as seine material (9.5 millimeters stretched). Block nets are installed securely along both banks and in channel to prevent failure during unforeseen rain events or debris accumulation. Some locations may require additional block net support such as galvanized hardware cloth, additional stakes, or metal fence posts. Block nets are left in place throughout the maintenance activity and may require leaf and debris removal to ensure proper function. Following initial environmental staff oversight, a staff person should be designated to monitor and maintain the nets. Crew supervisors, leads, and/or crewmembers may check these nets. Block nets should be checked regularly for proper performance.. DIP, SEINE OR FYKE NET EXCLUSION Once the stream reach has been isolated, all attempts to remove fish and other aquatic life are made with the least amount of handling. Aquatic life is captured by hand or with dip nets and immediately put in dark-colored 5- gallon buckets filled with clean stream water. Net drags or seining through the isolated stream reach may also be used. Depending on the site, various of 9.5 mm stretched nylon mesh minnow seines are used throughout the isolated stream reach. This protocol is summarized as follows: The seine is approximately 3 feet wide and of varying with approximately 15 feet of rope attached to either end. Sets are conducted with one person on shore and one to two people working the other end of the net through the isolated stream reach area. Once the net is out and the lead line dropped to the bottom, the other end of the 15-foot line is brought to shore and both ends of the net are pulled in quickly in tandem. Fyke nets or minnow traps may also be used to exclude fish from the affected reach. Use of the traps depends on reach characteristics mentioned earlier. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.5 ELECTROFISHING GUIDELINES Electrofishing is employed when other methods prove ineffective. Use of electrofishing may be determined through permit requirements and/or site conditions. It may not be recommended in all situations. The following guidelines are recommended for all electrofishing sessions. 1. No electrofishing in anadromous waters from October 15th to March 1st. No electrofishing in resident waters from November 1st to May 15th. In order to avoid contact with spawning adults or active redds, environmental staff must conduct a careful visual survey of the area to be sampled before beginning electrofishing. Electrofishing will only be conducted at other times of the year in response to emergency activities. Electrofishing at other times of the year may require mitigation. Specific mitigation requirements recommended by the NMFS, USFWS, and WDFW will be followed. Prior to conducting electrofishing activities, a biologist, experienced with the life history timing of local fish species, should be notified to determine possible presence of ESA listed fish. 2. Equipment must be in good working condition and operators should go through the manufacturer’s preseason checks, adhere to all provisions, and record major maintenance work in a logbook. 3. Measure conductivity and set voltage as follows: Conductivity (mmhos/cm) Voltage Less than 100 900 to 1100 100-300 500 to 800 Greater than 300 to 400 In areas of high turbidity, measure conductivity as conditions change to maximize fishing success. 4. Only Direct Current (DC) or Pulsed Direct Current (PDC) should be used. 5. Each session should begin with pulse width and rate set to the minimum needed to capture fish. These settings should be gradually increased only to the point where fish are immobilized and captured. Start with pulse width of 500ms and do not exceed 5 milliseconds. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.6 Pulse rate should start at 30 Hz and work carefully upwards. In general, exceeding 40 Hz will injure more fish. 6. Fish should not come in contact with the anode. The zone of potential fish injury is 0.5m from the anode. Care should be taken in shallow waters, undercut banks, near structures such as wood, or where fish can be concentrated in high numbers because in such areas the fish are more likely to come into close contact with the anode. 7. Electrofishing should be performed in a manner that minimizes harm to fish. The stream segment should be worked systematically, moving the anode continuously in a herringbone pattern through the water. Do not electrofish one area for an extended period of time. Remove fish from the electrical field immediately; do not hold fish in net while continuing to net additional fish. 8. Crew members should carefully observe the condition of the excluded fish. Dark bands on the body and longer recovery times are signs of injury or handling stress. When such signs are noted, the settings for the electrofishing unit may need adjusting. Each fish should be completely revived before releasing upstream of the block nets. ESA specimens will be released as soon as possible upstream of the block nets in an area that provides refuge. 9. Fish should be handled properly. A healthy environment for the stressed fish must be provided. There should not be overcrowding in the buckets and holding time should be minimized. Large fish should be kept separated from smaller prey-sized fish to avoid predation during containment. Water to water transfers, the use of shaded or dark containers, and supplemental oxygen shall be considered in designing fish handling operations. DEWATERING The affected reach shall be dewatered slowly while using dipnets to remove aquatic vertebrates from pools where they may congregate. These pools are frequently located at culvert inlet and outlets. Special attention should be placed at culvert outfalls where fish sheltering in pipes will exit. Pumps, which are used to temporarily bypass water around work sites, should have their intakes fitted with a smaller mesh screen or put in a slotted bucket to prevent aquatic life from entering the pump hose. The screen or bucket ---PAGE BREAK--- E.7 shall be installed, as a precautionary measure, to prevent any aquatic vertebrates that may have been missed in the exclusion process. The screen or bucket will also prevent fish and other wildlife from entering the pump if a block net should fail. FISH RELEASE Aquatic vertebrates shall be released to a location upstream of the activity and block net. They should be released into an area that provides equivalent or better habitat than the location from which they were removed. Aquatic vertebrates may be released of the block nets only if this placement provides better protection and there is no other practical alternative. If the isolated stream reach is large and many fish are expected, several buckets should be available with clean stream water to hold the fish until counting and measuring can be completed. These buckets should be equipped with air pumps to maintain proper dissolved oxygen levels. Frequent monitoring of bucket temperature and well being of the specimens should be done to assure that all specimens will be released unharmed. Perforated buckets may also be used and placed upstream of the block nets until the fish are counted. Handle each ESA-listed fish with extreme care and keep them in water during sampling and processing procedures to the maximum extent feasable. The buckets should contain adequate amounts of well-circulated water. When a mixture of species are caught, ESA-listed fish should be processed first to minimize the duration of handling and stress. REMOVE BLOCK NETS: Block nets should be removed, following completion of the activity, as soon as the work area is stabilized. Block nets should not be left in place for an extended amount of time. Block nets should be removed with care and checked for aquatic vertebrates. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.8 Citations and Other References Dalbey, S.R., T.E. McMahon, and W. Fredenberg. 1996. Effect of Electrofishing Pulse Shape and Electrofishing-Induced Spinal Injury on Long-Term Growith and Survival of Wild Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 16:560-569 Hanking, D.G., and G.H. Reeves. 1988. Estimating Total Fish Abundance and Total Habitat Area in Small Streams Based on Visual Estimation Methods. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:834- 844. Hollender, B.A., and R.F. Carline. 1994. Injury to Wild Brook Trout by Backpack Electrofishing. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 14:643-649. National Marine Fisheries Service. 2000. Guidelines for Electrofishing Waters Containing Salmonids Listed Under the Endangered Species Act. 5 pp. Neilsen, J.L. 1998. Electrofishing California’s Endangered Fish Populations. Fisheries 23:6-12. Nielsen, L.A., and D.L. Johnson, editors. 1983. Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Parametrix. 1980. Juvenile Salmonid Study Draft Report. Port of Seattle, Seattle Washington by Parametrix, Bellevue, WA. Preliminary Report Document No. 81-0213-003. 56 pp. Reynolds, J.B., and A.L. Kolz. 1988. Electrofishing Injury to Large Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8:516-518. Sharber, N.G., and S.W. Carothers. 1988. Influence of Electrofishing Pulse Shape on Spinal Injuries in Adult Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8:117-122. Sharber, N.G., S.W. Carothers, J.P. Sharber, J.D. deBos, Jr., and D.A. House. 1994. Reducing Electrofishing-Induced Injury of Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 14:340-346. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.9 Schreck, C.B., and P.B. Moyle, editors. 1990. Methods for Fish Biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2001. Personal communication: Phil Schneider. ---PAGE BREAK--- This page intentionally left blank ---PAGE BREAK--- G.1 4(d) Rule - (Protective Regulations): Whenever any species is listed as a threatened species pursuant to subsection of this section, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as he deems necessary and advisable to provide for the conservation of such species. The Secretary may by regulation prohibit with respect to any threatened species any act prohibited under section in the case of fish or wildlife, or section in the case of plants, with respect to endandered species; except that with respect to the taking of resident species of fish or wildlife, such regulations shall apply in any State which has entered into a cooperative aggreement pursuant to section 6(c) of this Act only to the extent that such regulations have also been adopted by such State. Summary Statement: 4(d) rule- Allows for the promulgation of regulations to provide for the protection and conservation of listed species. In some cases, a 4(d) rule may sanction certain activitiesfor the take of a threatened species if that activity is conducted in compliance with an approved program. Adaptive Management - A formalized process to evaluate the efficiency of Best Management Practices. Agency - means a public utility district, joint operating agency, city, county, or any other state governmental agency, entity, or political subdivision. Alley - A highway not designed for general travel and primarily used as a means of access to the rear of residences and business establishments. Best Management Practices (BMPs) - Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, physical structures, maintenance procedures and other management practices to reduce pollution or to provide habitat protection/maintenance. Biofiltration - The simultaneous process of filtration, infiltration, adsorption, and biological uptake of pollutants in stormwater that takes place when runoff flows over and through vegetated areas. Box Culvert - A box structure, usually constructed out of concrete, which conveys water under a roadway or embankment. Bridge - A structure spanning and providing passage over an obstacle, such as a waterway. Buffer - The zone contiguous with a sensitive area that is required for the continued maintenance, function, and structural stability of the sensitive area. Glossary ---PAGE BREAK--- G2 Capital Improvement Project (CIP) - A construction project intended to create new or expand existing roadway, drainage and/or utility infrastructure. Maintenance or repair of currently serviceable structures is not a Capital Improvement Project, but is mitigation for the life of the project. Case Studies - The framework of a set of reasons, arguments or supporting facts offered to inquire or investigate in pursuit of knowledge. Catch Basin - A chamber or well, usually built at the curb line of a street, for the collection of surface water to a sewer or drainage system, having at its base a sediment sump designed to retain sediment, debris or soil particles below the point of overflow. Channel - A feature that conveys surface water and is open to the air. Check Dam - A barrier constructed in an open drainage system to decrease the streamflow velocity, minimize channel scour, and promote deposition of sediment. Clear zone - Area adjacent to the roadway to remain clear of unmovable objects (which includes trees larger than four-inches in diameter). Clear zone requirements are specified in local, state and federal traffic laws and guidelines. Clearing - Vegetation removal during development or re-development activities. Routine maintenance tasks of ROW structures, for example, mowing, brush cutting and ditch cleaning are not clearing, but are mitigation for the life of the project. Conservation Outcomes - The goals of the final consequences of the uses of the Best Management Practices. Constructed Wetland - A wetland that is created on a site that previously was not a wetland. Conveyance System - The drainage facilities, both natural and man-made, which collect, contain, and provide for the flow of surface and stormwater from the highest points on the land down to a receiving water. The natural elements of the conveyance system include swales and small drainage courses, streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. The human-made elements of the conveyance system include roads, gutters, ditches, pipes, channels, constructed wetlands and retention/detention facilities. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.3 Decant - To release water gradually from a truck mounted drainage system cleaning device (Vactor, Camel, Vac-Con) so as to not disturb sediment in truck. Detention - The storage and subsequent release of excess stormwater runoff. Detention Facility - An above or below ground facility, such as a pond or tank, that temporarily stores stormwater runoff and subsequently releases it at a slower rate than it is collected by the drainage facility system. Development - The act, process, or result of developing land or property. Road maintenance activities are not regulated as development or re- development . Development Regulation - Per Growth Management Act and other state regulations that govern the act and process of development. Road maintenance activities are not regulated as development or re-development. Maintenance is mitigation for the lift of the development. Dike - A system of embankments, drains, ditches, canals, flumes, locks and all other necessary artificial appliances necessary to protect land from flooding. Discharge - The act of releasing or discharging controlling flows. Ditch - A long, narrow trench or furrow dug in the ground for surface/storm water drainage. Drain - A buried pipe or other conduit (closed drain). A ditch (open drain) for carrying off surplus surface water or ground water. Drainage - Refers to the collection, conveyance, containment, and/or discharge of surface and storm water runoff. Drainage System - A combination of facilities (such as ditches, pipes, conduits, storage facilities, trenches)and natural features (such as open streams, ponds) which operate together, to convey surface water from the point of origin to an ultimate discharge point. ESA Section 4 - Determination of Endangered Species and Threatened Species: provides guidance regarding the promulgation of protective rules 4(d) rules), the steps within the listing determination process, the designation of habitat, and recovery plans. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G4 Easement - A non-profitable interest in land owned by another that entitles its holder to a specific limited use or enjoyment. Ecology - Department of Ecology Emergency - An event causing imminent threat or danger: to public health or safety, to public or private property, or serious environmental degradation. Endangered - The classification provided to an animal or plant in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended - Federal legislation intended to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend may be conserved, and provide programs for the conservation of those species, thus preventing extinction of native plants and animals. Energy Dissipater - Any means by which the total energy of flowing water is reduced. In stormwater design, they are usually mechanisms that reduce velocity prior to, or at, discharge from an outfall in order to prevent erosion. They may include rock splash pads, drop manholes, concrete stilling basins, baffles, and/or check dams. Erosion - The wearing away by the action of running water, wind, ice, or geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep. Also, the detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Erosion, Gully - The erosion process whereby water accumulates in narrow channels and, over short periods, removes the soil from this narrow area to considerable depths, ranging from 1 to 2 feet to as much as 75 to 100 feet. Erosion, Rill - An erosion process in which numerous small channels only several inches deep are formed; occurs mainly on recently disturbed and exposed soils. See Rill. Erosion, Sheet - The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil from the land surface by runoff. Erosion, Splash - The spattering of small soil particles caused by the impact of raindrops on wet soils. The loosened and spattered particles may or may not be subsequently removed by surface runoff. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.5 Erosion and Sediment Control - Any temporary or permanent measures taken to reduce erosion, control siltation and sedimentation, and reduce sediment-laden water from leaving a site. Erosion and Sediment Control Facility - A type of drainage facility designed to hold water for a period of time to allow sediment contained in the surface and stormwater runoff directed to the facility to settle out so as to improve the quality of the runoff. Excavation - The act or process of excavating, the digging and removal of material to expose by digging away soil. (Not including roadway/shoulder, ditch, or ROW surface maintenance. Excavation does not include the mitigation required to maintain facilities such as road ROW structures including stormwater systems or, the removal of sediments or slide material during maintenance.) Existing Site Conditions - The conditions (ground cover, slope, drainage patterns) of a site as they existed on the first day that the project entered the design phase. Facilities - means designed or built structures above or below the ground such as lines, conduits, ducts, poles, wires, cables, cross-arms, receivers, transmitters, instruments, machines, appliances, instrumentalities, pipes, buildings, drainage, roadway. water, sewer and all devices, real estate, easements, apparatus, property and routes used, operated, owned or controlled by any agency or utilities company to facilitate the provision of the ROW or utilities service. Fascine - Bundles of living woody plant cuttings that are tied together. These fabricated structures are capable of rooting. Also called contour wattles. Fill - Earth, sand, gravel, rock, or other solid material used to increase the ground surface elevation. (Fill does not include the mitigation required to maintain facilities, such as replacing sand filters in a stormwater system). Filling - Any act by which earth, sand, gravel, rock, or other solid material is deposited to raise the ground elevation (not including roadway/shoulder, ditch, stormwater, or ROW surface structure or facility maintenance). Fish Exclusion Protocol - See Appendix E Forbs - A herbaceous plant other than a grass. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G6 Freeboard - The vertical distance between the design water surface elevation and the elevation of the barrier which contains the water. Gabion - A rectangular or cylindrical wire mesh cage filled with rock and used as a protecting agent or revetment against erosion. Soft gabions, often used in stream bank stabilization, are made of geotextiles filled with dirt, in between which cuttings are placed. Grading - Leveling off to a smooth horizontal or sloping surface, to level to a desired slope or elevation. Gravel - Consist of crushed, partially crushed, or naturally occuring granular material or loose round rock of variable sizes. Gully - A channel caused by the concentrated flow of surface and stormwater runoff over unprotected erodible land. Habitat - The location where a particular species (or identified subspecies) of plant or animal lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living. Habitat includes the presence of a group of particular environmental conditions surrounding an organism including air, water, soil, mineral elements, moisture, temperature, and topography. Harm - Defined in regulations implementing the ESA as an act "which actually kills or injures" listed wildlife. Harm may include "significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding or sheltering" (50 CFR 17.3). Hydrology - The science of the behavior of water in the atmosphere, on the surface of the earth, and underground. Infiltration - The downward movement of water from the surface to the subsoil. Infiltration Facility (or system) - A drainage facility (including ponds) designed to use the hydrologic process of surface and stormwater runoff soaking into the ground, commonly referred to as a percolation, to dispose of surface and stormwater runoff. Infrastructure - The basic facilities (roads, bridges, drainage, utilities, easements and the ROW surface), equipment, and installations needed for the functioning of a transportation system (transportation, utilities, etc.). GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.7 Inlet - A form of connection between surface of the ground and a drain or sewer for the collection of surface and stormwater runoff. Invert - The lowest point on the inside of a pipe. Large Woody Material (LWM) - Trees or tree parts larger than four inches in diameter and longer than six feet and rootwads, wholly or partially waterward of the ordinary high water line. (WAC 220-110-020(48). Macroinvertebrate - An organism without a backbone that you can see with your naked eye. Maintenance: Repair and maintenance includes activities that: are conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities, and equipment; involve no expansion of or change in use of such structures, facilities, and equipment beyond those which existed previously; and, do not result in significant negative hydrological impact. Repair and maintenance include those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems and includes replacement of dysfunctioning facilities. Repair and maintenance also include the replacement of existing structures with different types of structures, PROVIDED THAT such replacement is required to meet current engineering standards or by one or more environmental permits and the functioning characteristics of the original structure are not changed. (An example would be replacing a collapsed, fish blocking, round or wooden culvert, with a new box culvert under the same span, or width of roadway.) Mitigation - To moderate, reduce, or alleviate the impacts of a proposed activity, including: a) avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or part of an action; b) minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation, by using appropriate technology, or by taking affirmative steps to avoid or reduce impacts; c) rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected environment; d) reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action; and e) compensation for the impact by replacing, enhancing, or providing substitute resources or environments. (40 CFR 1508.20) GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G8 Monitor - To systematically and repeatedly observe something in order to track its current condition. Monitoring - The collection of data by various methods for the purposes of understanding maintenance activity BMPs, and features, or assessing the performance of mitigation measures. Nutrients - Essential chemicals needed by plants or animals for growth. Off-site - Any area that is not in the work zone . Open Drainage System - includes stormwater conveyance systems that were created entirely by artificial means, such as roadside ditches and storm or surface water run-off facilities. Open drainage systems that contain watercourses or streams will be treated as watercourses. Ordinary high water mark - on all lakes, streams, and tidal water is that mark that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a character distinct from that of the abutting upland, in respect to vegetation as that condition exists on June 1, 1971, as it may naturally change thereafter, or as it may change thereafter in accordance with permits issued by a local government or the department: PROVIDED, That in any area where the ordinary high water mark cannot be found, the ordinary high water mark adjoining salt water shall be the line of mean higher high tide and the ordinary high water mark adjoining fresh water shall be the line of mean high water. Outlet - Point of water discharge from a stream, river, lake, tidewater, or artificial drain. Pick Up Broom - A type of street sweeper machine that picks up material. Plant Establishment Period - the time frame required for new seeds, live stakes and/or plants to germinate, develop a root system and the potential for casualty has passed. Plug and Play - The process defined by NMFS and USFWS so that agencies can define their Part 1, 2 and 3 to use the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program for a 4(d) take limit (NMFS), a special 4(d) Rule, and.or Seciton 7 take exception (USFWS). GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.9 Project - Maintenance activity(ies) at a specific site. Public Utilities - means pipes, conduits, ROW structure, easements and similar facilities for distribution of water, electricity, natural gas, telephone, other electronic communication, and sewers, including sewer outfall lines. Public Utilities also means the agencies operating/maintaining these facilities. Receiving Waters - Bodies of water or surface water systems receiving water from upstream manmade (or natural) streams. Recovery - The process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened species is arrested or reversed, and threats neutralized so that its survival in the wild can be ensured. The goal of the ESA is for the recovery of listed species to levels where protection under the ESA is no longer necessary [50 CFR 402.02]. Redevelopment - The act or process of renovation of a blighted area. (Road maintenance activities are not regulated as redevelopment but as maintenance.) Regional - All areas of the State that encompasses all agencies approved by NMFS and USFWS for Plug & Play into the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Repair - Repair and maintenance includes activities conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities and equipment involving no expansion of or change in use of such structure, facilities, and equipment beyond those which existed previously and do not result in significant negative hydrologic impact. It includes those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems and includes replacement of disfunctioning facilities. Repair also includes the replacement of existing structures with different types of structures, including cases where environmental permits require replacing an existing structure with a different type structure, and the functioning characteristics of the original structure are not changed. (An example would be replacing a collapsed, fish blocking, round culvert, with a new box culvert under the same span, or width, of roadway.) Repair is not development or re-development but is maintenance. Retention - The process of collecting and holding surface and stormwater runoff with no surface outflow. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G10 Retrofitting - A form of maintenance function for replacing or repairing an existing structure or facility to meet changed conditions, required code or standards, or to improve performance. Right of Way - means that area of land dedicated for public use or secured by the public for purposes of ingress and egress to abutting property and other public purposes. Right-of-way includes areas maintained by public agencies through prescriptive rights. Rill - A small intermittent watercourse with steep sides, usually only a few inches deep. Often rills are caused by an increase in surface water flow when soil is cleared of vegetation. Riparian - Pertaining to the banks of streams, wetlands, lakes or tidewater. Roadway - Portion of the right-of-way structure that is set aside for transportation as assigned by Growth Management Act. Salmonid - Any member of the taxonomic family Salmonidae, which includes all species of salmon, trout, and char [Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory]. Sediment - Fragmented material that originates from weathering and erosion of rocks or unconsolidated deposits and organic material, and is transported by, suspended in, or deposited by water. Sedimentation - The depositing or formation of sediment. Sensitive Area - (Shoreline Management Act) Shall mean those areas with expecially fragile biophysical characteristics and/or with significant environmental resources as identified in a scientifically documented inventory accomplished as part of the SEPA/NEPA process or other recognized assessment. Sensitive areas include but are not limited to: unstable bluffs; wildlife habitat areas; fish breeding, rearing or feeding areas; wetlands; estuaries and dunes. Services - National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Services. Sewer Systems - Combined sewage collection, treatment, and/or disposal facilities and services on-site or off-site sanitary sewerage facilities, inspection services and maintenance services for public or private on-site systems, or any other means of sewage treatment and disposal; combined sanitary sewage GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.11 disposal and storm or surface water sewers; outfalls for storm drainage or sanitary sewage and works, plants, and facilities for storm drainage or sanitary sewage treatment and disposal, and rights and interests in property relating to the system; combined water and sewerage systems. Sheetflow - Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in a channel. Species - (ESA Section 3) Any subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants, and any distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife which interbreeds when mature. Spillway - A passage such as a paved or rock apron, or channel for surplus water over or around a barrier or similar obstruction. Stormwater - That portion of precipitation that does not naturally percolate into the ground or evaporate, but flows via overland flow, interflow, channels or pipes into a defined surface water channel, or a constructed infiltration facility. Stormwater Drainage System - Constructed and natural features which function together as a system to collect, convey, channel, hold, inhibit, retain, detain, infiltrate, divert, treat or filter stormwater. Stormwater Facility - A constructed component of a stormwater drainage system, designed or constructed to perform a particular function, or multiple functions. Stormwater facilities include, but are not limited to, pipes, swales, ditches, culverts, street gutters, detention basins, retention basins, constructed wetlands, infiltration devices, catch basins, oil/water separators, sediment basins and modular pavement. Streambed Gravel - That portion of the streambed structure comprised of loose rounded or fragmented rock of variable sizes found in stream beds. Streams - " 'Watercourse' and 'river or stream' means any portion of a channel, bed, bank, or bottom waterward of the ordinary high water line of waters of the state including areas in which fish may spawn, reside, or through which they may pass, and tributary waters with defined bed or banks, which influence the quality of fish habitat This includes watercourses which flow on an intermittent basis or which fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G12 stormwater runoff devices, or other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural watercourse which has been altered by humans" WAC 220-110-020 (41). Swale - A shallow drainage conveyance with relatively gentle side slopes, generally with flow depths less than one foot. Take - (ESA Section 3) harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct" with respect to federally listed endangered species of wildlife. Federal regulations provide the opportunity to apply take prohibitions to threatened species as would ordinarily only apply to endangered species [50 CFR 17.31(a)]. Take of a listed species includes modifying the habitat of a listed species in such a way that interferes with essential behavioral patterns including breeding, feeding or sheltering. Toe - A point or line of slope in an excavation or cut where the lower surface changes to horizontal or meets the existing ground slope; or a point or line on the upper surface of a slope where it changes to horizontal or meets the original surface. Turbidity - Stirred up sediment or foreign particles suspended in water causing a darkening of the water. Watercourse - See Streams Waters of the State - All salt waters and fresh waters waterward of ordinary high water lines and within the territorial boundaries of the state. WAC 220- 110.43 Waters of the United States - All waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; all interstate waters including interstate wetlands; all other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters: Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes; From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or Which are used or could be used for industrial purpose by industries in interstate commerce; All impoundment's of waters otherwise GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.13 defined as waters of the United States under the definition; Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs through of this section; The territorial seas; Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs through of this section. Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland. Notwithstanding the determination of an area's status as prior converted cropland by any other Federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding the Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with EPA (33CFR328.3). Water Pollution Control Facility - or "water pollution control facilities" means any facilities or systems owned or operated by a public body for the control, collection, storage, treatment, disposal, or recycling of wastewater. Water System - includes all real estate, easements, fixtures, personal property, dams, dikes, head gates, weirs, canals, reservoirs, flumes or other structures or appliances operated, owned, used or to be used for or in connection with or to facilitate the supply, storage, distribution, sale, furnishing, diversion, carriage, apportionment or measurement of water for power, irrigation, reclamation, manufacturing, municipal, domestic or other beneficial uses for hire. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G14 Acronyms 4(d) - See glossary ACOE - Army Corps of Engineers BMP - Best Management Practice ESA - Endangered Species Act H&LP (OSC ) - Highways and Local Programs Olympia Service Center HPA - Hydraulic Project Approval LWM - Large Woody Material NMFS - National Marine Fisheries Service ROW - Right of Way T2 - Technology Transfer USFWS - United States Fish and Wildlife Service WAC - Washington Administrative Code WSDOT - Washington State Department of Transportation WDFW - Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife ---PAGE BREAK--- I.1 4(d) rule ix-xi, 1.4, 1.7, 1.9-1.10, 1.39, 1.74, 1.77, 1.82, 3.1, 3.3-3.4, 3.6, 3.10, 3.15 A adaptive management 1.4-1.5, 1.8, 1.11, 1.13, 1.20, 1.73, 1.82-1.83, 2.6, 2.13, 3.1 aqua barrier 2.17, 2.27-2.29, 2.32, 2.148 B backslope planting 2.18, 2.21, 2.30-2.31, 2.99 bi-annual report 1.5, 1.13, 1.87 bio-engineering 2.21, 2.147 biological data collection 1.5, 1.13,1.86 buffer 1.37, 1.41, 1.48, 2.18, 2.21, 2.40, 2.43, 2.174, 3.1 C case studies 1.4, 1.8-1.9, 1.12, 1.80-1.81, 1.83, 3.2 closed drainage system xii-xiii, 1.17, 1.24, 1.27-1.28, 1.30- 1.34, 2.10, 2.85, 2.172, 3.3 cofferdam 2.17, 2.32-2.34, 2.40, 2.115, 2.148 coir fabric 2.21, 2.23, 2.35-2.36, 2.96 coir log 2.19-2.21, 2.23, 2.37-2.39 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 2.146 compliance monitoring 1.4, 1.9, 1.12, 1.78, 1.82 concrete containment 2.22, 2.40-2.42 concrete containment 2.22, 2.43-2.44 conservation outcome ix, 1.4, 1.11, 1.15-1.18, 1.26, 1.30, 1.33, 1.38, 1.42, 1.46, 1.50, 1.52, 1.56, 1.59, 1.61, 1.64, 1.67, 1.71, 2.6-2.7, 2.10-2.11, 3.2 construction access road 2.18, 2.45-2.47 continuous berm 2.19-2.21, 2.48-2.50, 2.70, 2.144 curb inlet sediment trap 2.19-2.20, 2.51-2.55 D development 1.73, 3.3-3.4, 3.10 dewatering 1.41, 1.45, 1.61, 1.69, 2.17, 2.32, 2.40, 2.57- 2.58, 2.78, 2.95, 2.172, B.1-B.2, B-6 diaper netting 2.24, 2.59-2.60 ditch lining 2.18, 2.21, 2.61-2.62, 2.119 diversion berm 2.17, 2.63-2.64 diversion channel 2.17, 2.65-2.67 dust control 1.24, 2.18, 2.68-2.69 E emergency response 1.5, 1.13, 1.60, 1.84-1.85, 2.158 enclosed drainage system xii-xiii, 1.17, 1.24, 1.28, 1.30- 1.34, 2.10, 2.85, 2.172, 3.3 Index ESA vii, ix-xi, 1.4-1.7, 1.9-1.3, 1.73-1.75, 1.77, 1.86-1.87, 2.17, 3.1, 3.4, 3.6-3.7, 3.10, 3.12-3.13, 3.15, B.3 excelsior filled log 2.19-2.21, 2.23, 2.70-2.71, 2.99, 2.144 F fascine 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 3.6 filter fabric 2.18-2.20, 2.43, 2.51-2.52, 2.72, 2.78-2.79, 2.92, 2.109-2.111 fish exclusion 1.41, 1.45, 1.61, 2.27, 2.32, 2.57, 2.115, 2.148, 3.6, B.1-B.6 fish passage 1.44, 1.46, 1.54, 1.56, 2.148-2.149 funding 1.10 G geo-textile 2.35, 2.51-2.52, 2.61 grass lined channel 2.18-2.19, 2.74-2.77 gravel filled sump 2.19, 2.78 H habitat inventory 1.5 half round filter 2.19, 2.79 hand seeding 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.81-2.82 hazardous material 1.84 hydroseeding 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.68, 2.71, 2.83-2.84, 2.116, 2.128, 2.145-2.146, 2.174 I implementation strategy 1.15 in-water work windows 1.78 infiltration 1.26, 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.41, 1.47-1.48, 1.50, 1.62, 1.67, 1.71, 2.9, 2.61, 2.109, 2.154, 3.1, 3.3, 3.7, 3.12 inlet protection 2.19, 2.37, 2.85-2.91 K Kimble filter pipe 2.19, 2.92 L large woody debris (LWD) 1.39, 2.21, 2.23, 2.94-2.99, 3.15 live staking 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.71, 2.99-2.101, 2.145- 2.146, 2.174 M macro-invertebrates 2.23, 2.74, 2.99, 2.147, 2.174 Managers Committee 1.11, 1.13, 1.73-1.74 mulching 2.18, 2.21, 2.81, 2.83, 2.95-2.96, 2.103- 2.105 N non-cohesive soil 2.61 ---PAGE BREAK--- I.2 O open drainage system 1.17, 1.35-1.38, 2.10, 2.92, 2.168, 2.172 outcome based 1.15-1.17, 1.85, 2.5, 2.10 P plastic covering 2.17-2.18, 2.63, 2.66, 2.68, 2.81, 2.83, 2.105, 2.107 plug and play 3.10 plywood work platform 2.24, 2.107-2.108 point discharge 1.50 polypropylene 2.115 pre-construction/maint. mtg 2.15 prey base organisms 2.23, 2.74, 2.99, 2.147, 2.174 program review and approval 1.4, 1.10-1.14, 2.7 R rearing areas 2.23 redevelopment 3.10 regional forum 1.4, 1.7-1.9, 1.11 Regional Road Maintenance Managers' Committee 1.4, 1.7, 1.20, 2.13, E.1-E.2 right-of-way ix, xii, 1.28, 1.32, 1.35, 1.39, 1.47-1.48, 1.62, 1.65-1.86, 3.11 rip rap 2.21, 2.70, 2.109-2.111, 2.144 riparian habitat 1.41, 1.44-1.46, 1.54-1.55, 1.62 Road Maintenance Technical Working Group 1.15, 1.18, 1.80, 2.11, E.1-E.2 road surface xii-xiii, 1.24, 1.27, 1.48, 1.51, 1.58, 1.69, 1.81, 1.86, 2.52, 2.165 see also roadway surface roadway surface 1.17, 1.24, 1.26-1.27, 1.51, 1.58-1.59, 2.10 see also road surface rock check dam 2.111-2.113, 2.20-2.21 S sandbag 2.17, 2.20-2.21, 2.33, 2.51, 2.105, 2.115-2.119 scientific research 1.4, 1.12, 1.80, 1.83 Section 7 1.74, 3.1, 3.4 sedimentation sump 2.20, 2.119 services xi, 1.9-1.10, 1.65, 1.69, 1.83, 2.6, 3.11-3.12 silt fence 2.19-2.21, 2.70, 2.96, 2.120-2.122, 2.144 silt mat 2.19-2.21, 2.116, 2.123-2.125 silt sock 2.52, 2.85 siltation pond/tank v, 2.4, 2.20, 2.125-2.127 soil stabilization (blankets and matting) 2.128-2.132 spawning 1.47, 1.55, 2.23, 2.146, 3.12 straw bale barrier 2.19-2.21, 2.133-2.135 straw bale barrier 2.19-2.21, 2.136-2.140 straw bale barrier 2.19-2.21, 2.141-2.143 straw log 2.19-2.21, 2.70, 2.144-2.146 stream bank bio-engineering 2.21 stream bypass 2.17, 2.32, 2.96, 2.148-2.151 stream crossings 1.44-1.47, B.2 stream system xiii, 1.27, 1.39-1.43, 1.53, 1.58-1.59 streambed gravel 2.23, 2.96, 2.115, 2.146, 2.152-2.153 surface roughening 2.18, 2.21, 2.68, 2.83, 2.154-2.157 sweeping xii, 1.25, 1.29, 1.37, 1.42, 1.45, 1.49, 1.51-1.52, 1.55, 1.61, 1.64, 1.66, 1.70, 2.18, 2.158-2.159 T T2 1.4, 1.73, 1.75, 3.16 tackifier 2.83 take 3.1, 3.4, 3.13 Technology Transfer 1.4, 1.73 see also T2 temporary sediment trap 2.20, 2.161-2.163 threatened viii training 1.4-1.5, 1.8-1.9, 1.12-1.13, 1.16-1.17, 1.73-1.75, 1.77-1.79, 1.87, 2.6-2.8, 2.10, 2.13, A.1-A.5, B.3 Tri-County i, 1.8 triangular silt dike 2.20-2.21, 2.164-2.167 turbidity curtain 2.20-2.21, 2.40, 2.96, 2.127, 2.168-2.171 U utilities xiii, 3.6-3.7, 3.10 see also utility utility ix, xii, 1.15, 1.84, 2.5, 2.43, 3.1-3.2 see also utilities V vactoring 2.17, 2.22, 2.172-2.173 vegetative buffer 1.37, 1.41, 1.48, 2.18, 2.21, 2.174-2.175 W washed rock 2.19, 2.78-2.79, 2.92, 2.119, 2.176-2.177 Waters of the State 1.36, 1.39, 1.41, 1.44, 3.13-3.14 Waters of the United States 3.14 wattle 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 3.6 WSDOT H&LPOSC 1.73 WSDOT Technology Transfer 1.4, 1.73 see also T2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Detention Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 1 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Trash & Debris Trash & Debris present?  5 ft3 /1,000 ft2 ′ 5 ft3 /1,000 ft2 Clear Trash and Debris  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Poisonous Vegetation and noxious weeds Poisonous or nuisance vegetation present? YES NO Noxious weeds present? YES NO Eradicate or begin control effort  Initiate IPM policies Contaminants and Pollution Evidence of oil, gasoline or other pollutants? YES NO Remove  Perform removal/cleanup General Rodent Holes Does the facility act as a dam or berm? YES NO Evidence of rodent holes? YES NO Evidence of water piping through dam or berm via rodent holes? YES NO Eliminate rodents and repair dam or berm (coordinate with Ecology Dam Safety Office if pond exceeds 10 acre-feet).  Initiate IPM policies  Engineers review and recommended actions ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Detention Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 2 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Beaver Dams Dam results in change or function of the facility? YES NO Return facility to design function.  Coordinate trapping of beavers and dam removal with permitting authorities. Insects Insects such as wasps and hornets interfere with maintenance? YES NO Mosquito’s present? YES NO Vector control  Initiate IPM policies  Coordinate mosquito surveillance General (cont.) Tree Growth and Hazard Trees Trees interfere with maintenance access or activities? YES NO Dead, diseased, or dying trees identified? YES NO Remove hazardous or nuisance trees.  Contact certified Arborist to assess health of target trees  Remove as needed Side Slopes of Pond Erosion Erosion  2 inches deep? YES NO Cause or potential still present? YES NO Stabilize Slopes  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Detention Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 3 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Side Slopes of Pond (cont.) Erosion (cont.) Erosion observed on a compacted berm embankment? YES NO  If erosion is on a compacted berm, an engineer’s review and recommended actions are required. Sediment Sediment > 10% of designed pond depth? YES NO Sediment affecting the inletting or outletting function? YES NO Remove Sediment  Sediment cleaned out to designed pond shape and depth  Pond reseeded if necessary to control erosion. Storage Area Liner (If Applicable) Liner is visible? YES NO More than three 1/4-inch holes in it? YES NO Rehabilitate the Liner  Liner repaired or replaced.  Liner is fully covered. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Detention Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 4 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Settlements Settlement is apparent? YES NO Settlement > 4 inches lower than the design elevation? YES NO  Measure berm to determine amount of settlement.  An engineer should be consulted to determine the source of the settlement.  Dike is built back to the design elevation. Pond Berms (Dikes) Piping Discernable water flow through pond berm? YES NO Ongoing erosion with the potential for erosion to continue? YES NO Stabilize Berm  Recommend a Goetechnical engineer be called in to inspect and evaluate condition and recommend repair of condition.  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. Emergency Overflow/Spillway and Berms over 4 feet in height. Tree Growth Tree growth on emergency spillway? YES NO Tree growth on berms over 4 feet in height? (may lead to piping) YES NO Trees should be removed.  If root system is small (base less than 4 inches) the root system may be left in place. Otherwise the roots should be removed and the berm restored.  An engineer should be consulted for proper berm/spillway restoration. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Detention Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 5 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Emergency Overflow/Spillway and Berms over 4 feet in height. (cont.) Piping Discernable water flow through pond berm? YES NO Ongoing erosion with the potential for erosion to continue? YES NO Stabilize Berm  Recommend a Goetechnical engineer be called in to inspect and evaluate condition and recommend repair of condition.  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. Emergency Overflow/Spillway Only one layer of rock exists above native soil in area five square feet or larger? YES NO Native soil exposed at the top of out flow path of spillway? YES NO Restore Emergency Overflow/Spillway  Rocks and pad depth are restored to design standards. Missing Rocks Rocks Missing? YES NO Replace rocks as necessary. Emergency Overflow/ Spillway Erosion Erosion  2 inches deep? YES NO Cause or potential still present? YES NO Stabilize Slopes  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Infiltration Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 6 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Trash & Debris Trash & Debris present?  5 ft3 /1,000 ft2 ′ 5 ft3 /1,000 ft2 Clear Trash and Debris  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Poisonous/Noxious Vegetation Poisonous or nuisance vegetation present? YES NO Noxious weeds present? YES NO Eradicate or begin control effort  Initiate IPM policies Contaminants and Pollution Evidence of oil, gasoline or other pollutants? YES NO Remove  Perform removal/cleanup General Rodent Holes Does the facility act as a dam or berm? YES NO Evidence of rodent holes? YES NO Evidence of water piping through dam or berm via rodent holes? YES NO Eliminate rodents and repair dam or berm (coordinate with Ecology Dam Safety Office if pond exceeds 10 acre-feet).  Initiate IPM policies Engineers review and recommended actions ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Infiltration Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 7 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Storage Area Sediment Water ponding in infiltration pond after rainfall ceases? YES NO Two inches or more sediment? YES NO Remove Sediment  Remove and/or clean so that infiltration system works according to design. Filter Bags (if applicable) Filled with Sediment and Debris Bag(s) > 1/2 full? YES NO Maintain filter bag  Replace filter bag or  Redesign System Rock Filters Sediment and Debris Little or no water flows through filter? YES NO Replace  Gravel in rock filter is replaced. Side Slopes of Pond Erosion Erosion  2 inches deep? YES NO Cause or potential still present? YES NO Stabilize Slopes  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. Emergency Overflow Spillway and Berms over 4 feet in height. Tree Growth Tree growth on emergency spillway? YES NO Trees should be removed.  If root system is small (base less than 4 inches) the root system may be left in place. Otherwise the roots should be removed and the berm restored. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Infiltration Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 8 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Tree Growth (cont.) Tree growth on berms over 4 feet in height? (may lead to piping) YES NO  An engineer should be consulted for proper berm/spillway restoration. Emergency Overflow Spillway and Berms over 4 feet in height. (cont.) Piping Discernable water flow through pond berm? YES NO Ongoing erosion with the potential for erosion to continue? YES NO Stabilize Berm  Recommend a Goetechnical engineer be called in to inspect and evaluate condition and recommend repair of condition.  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. Rock Missing Rocks Missing? YES NO Replace rocks as necessary. Emergency Overflow Spillway Erosion Erosion  2 inches deep? YES NO Cause or potential still present? YES NO Stabilize Slopes  Use appropriate erosion control measure(s); e.g., rock reinforcement, planting of grass, compaction. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Infiltration Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 9 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Pre-settling Ponds Facility filled with Sediment and/or debris Sediment > 6 inches? YES NO Sediment is removed.  Restore to designed bottom elevation. Vaults Sump filled with Sediment and/or debris Exceeds designed depth of sediment trap? YES NO Sediment is removed.  Vactor sediment and/or debris. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 10 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Plugged Air Vents Vent blockage > ½ of the diameter? YES NO Vent damaged? YES NO Restore the vent to proper function.  Clear blockage  Repair damage. Debris and Sediment Sediment depth > 10% of the diameter of the storage area for 1/2 length of storage vault? YES NO Any point depth > 15% of diameter? YES NO All sediment and debris removed from storage area.  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Joints Between Tank/Pipe Section Openings or voids allowing material to be transported into facility? YES NO Eliminate openings and voids.  All joint between tank/pipe sections are sealed.  Consult an engineer to determine structural stability. (required) Storage Area Tank Pipe Bent Out of Shape Any part of tank/pipe is bent out of shape > 10% of its design shape? YES NO  Tank/pipe repaired or replaced to design.  Review required by engineer to determine structural stability ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 11 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Storage Area (cont.) Vault Structure Includes Cracks in Wall, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Cracks wider than 1/2-inch (including inlet/outlet pipes)? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering the structure through the cracks? YES NO Vault is not structurally sound? YES NO Vault replaced or repaired to design specifications and is structurally sound.  Cracks > 1/4-inch wide at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe must be repaired or filled.  Repair / fill cracks.  Consult engineer for structural integrity. Cover Not in Place Cover is missing or only partially in place? YES NO Manhole is closed.  Repair or replace manhole cover. Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism.  Replace with longer bolts. Manhole Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 12 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Manhole (cont.) Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO Ladder meets design standards. Allows maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Catch Basins General Trash & Debris Trash or debris which is located immediately in front of the catch basin opening? YES NO Trash or debris blocking inletting capacity of the basin by more than 10%. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 13 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Material > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of six inches clearance from the debris surface to the invert of the lowest pipe. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Trash or debris in any inlet or outlet pipe blocking > 1/3 of its height. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Trash & Debris (cont.) Dead animals or vegetation causing odors or dangerous gases? YES NO  Remove dead animals or vegetation. Sediment Sediment > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of 6 inches clearance from the sediment surface to the invert of the lowest pipe? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Catch Basins General (cont.) Structure Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Top slab has holes > 2 in2? YES NO  Repair or fill holes. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 14 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Cracks > 1/4 inch? YES NO  Repair or fill cracks. Structure Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab (cont.) Frame sitting flush on top slab? YES NO Frame securely attached? YES NO  Reattach and secure frame. Structure is unsound? YES NO  Replace or repair to design standards. Catch Basins General (cont.) Fractures or Cracks in Basin Walls/Bottom Grout separated? YES NO Grout cracked > 1/2 inch and longer than 1 ft. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering catch basin through cracks? YES NO  Regrout and secure pipe at basin wall. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 15 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Settlement/ Misalignment Basin has failed creating a safety, function, or design problem? YES NO  Replace or repair basin to design standards. Vegetation blocking > 10% of the basin opening? YES NO  Remove vegetation. Vegetation Vegetation growing in inlet/outlet pipe joints > 6 in. tall and < 6 in. apart? YES NO  Remove vegetation.  Cut roots. Catch Basins General (cont.) Contamination and Pollution Evidence of oil, gasoline or other pollutants? YES NO Remove  Perform removal/cleanup Cover Not in Place Cover is missing? YES NO Cover is partially in place? YES NO  Replace cover.  Reposition cover correctly. Catch Basin Cover Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 16 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Locking Mechanism Not Working (cont.) Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO  Replace with longer bolts. Catch Basin Cover (cont.) Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. Ladder Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO  Ladder must meet design standards and allow maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Metal Grates (If Applicable) Grate opening Unsafe Grate > 7/8 inch? YES NO  Grate opening meets design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Detention Systems Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 17 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Trash and Debris Trash and debris blocking > 20% of grate surface inletting capacity? YES NO  Clear grate of trash and debris. Metal Grates (If Applicable) (cont.) Grate damaged or Missing. Grate missing? YES NO Broken member(s) of the grate? YES NO  Replace grate.  Repair grate to meet design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 18 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Plugged Air Vents Vent blockage > ½ of the diameter? YES NO Vent damaged? YES NO Restore the vent to proper function.  Clear blockage  Repair damage. Debris and Sediment Sediment depth > 10% of the diameter of the storage area for 1/2 length of storage vault? YES NO Any point depth > 15% of diameter? YES NO All sediment and debris removed from storage area.  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Joints Between Tank/Pipe Section Openings or voids allowing material to be transported into facility? YES NO Eliminate openings and voids.  All joint between tank/pipe sections are sealed.  Consult an engineer to determine structural stability. (required) Storage Area Tank Pipe Bent Out of Shape Any part of tank/pipe is bent out of shape > 10% of its design shape? YES NO  Tank/pipe repaired or replaced to design.  Review required by engineer to determine structural stability ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 19 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Storage Area (cont.) Vault Structure Includes Cracks in Wall, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Cracks wider than 1/2-inch (including inlet/outlet pipes)? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering the structure through the cracks? YES NO Vault is not structurally sound? YES NO Vault replaced or repaired to design specifications and is structurally sound.  Cracks > 1/4-inch wide at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe must be repaired or filled.  Repair / fill cracks.  Consult engineer for structural integrity. Cover Not in Place Cover is missing or only partially in place? YES NO Manhole is closed.  Repair or replace manhole cover. Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism.  Replace with longer bolts. Manhole Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 20 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Manhole (cont.) Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO  Ladder must meet design standards.  Ladders must allow maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Catch Basins General Trash & Debris Trash or debris which is located immediately in front of the catch basin opening? YES NO Trash or debris blocking inletting capacity of the basin by more than 10%. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 21 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Material > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of six inches clearance from the debris surface to the invert of the lowest pipe? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Trash or debris in any inlet or outlet pipe blocking > 1/3 of its height. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Trash & Debris (cont.) Dead animals or vegetation causing odors or dangerous gases? YES NO  Remove dead animals or vegetation. Sediment Sediment > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of 6 inches clearance from the sediment surface to the invert of the lowest pipe? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Catch Basins General (cont.) Structure Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Top slab has holes > 2 in2? YES NO  Repair or fill holes. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 22 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Cracks > 1/4 in? YES NO  Repair or fill cracks. Structure Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab (cont.) Frame sitting flush on top slab? YES NO Frame securely attached? YES NO  Reattach and secure frame. Catch Basins General (cont.) Fractures or Cracks in Basin Walls/Bottom Structure is unsound? YES NO Grout separated? YES NO Grout cracked > 1/2 inch and longer than 1 ft. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering catch basin through cracks? YES NO  Replace or repair to design standards.  Regrout and secure pipe at basin wall. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 23 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Settlement/ Misalignment Basin has failed creating a safety, function, or design problem? YES NO  Replace or repair basin to design standards. Vegetation Vegetation blocking > 10% of the basin opening? YES NO Vegetation growing in inlet/outlet pipe joints > 6 in. tall and < 6 in. apart? YES NO  Remove vegetation.  Remove vegetation.  Cut roots. Catch Basins General (cont.) Contamination and Pollution Evidence of oil, gasoline or other pollutants? YES NO Remove  Perform removal/cleanup Cover Not in Place Cover is missing? YES NO Cover is partially in place? YES NO  Replace cover.  Reposition cover correctly. Catch Basin Cover Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 24 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Locking Mechanism Not Working (cont.) Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO  Replace with longer bolts. Catch Basin Cover (cont.) Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. Ladder Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO  Ladder must meet design standards and allow maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Metal Grates (If Applicable) Grate opening Unsafe Grate > 7/8 inch? YES NO  Grate opening meets design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Closed Tanks and Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 25 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Trash and Debris Trash and debris blocking > 20% of grate surface inletting capacity? YES NO  Clear grate of trash and debris. Metal Grates (If Applicable) (cont.) Grate damaged or Missing. Grate missing? YES NO Broken member(s) of the grate? YES NO  Replace grate.  Repair grate to meet design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 26 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Trash and Debris (Includes Sediment) Material > 25% of sump depth? YES NO Material < 1 ft below orifice plate? YES NO  Remove blockages from control structure orifice.  Remove or vactor trash and debris. Structure securely attached to manhole wall? YES NO  Secure structure to wall and outlet pipe. Structure is in upright position? 10% from plumb). YES NO  Align structure in correct position. Connections to outlet pipe are watertight? YES NO Signs of rust? YES NO  Seal connections to outlet pipe.  Repair or replace structure to function as designed. General Structural Damage Any holes--other than designed holes--in the structure? YES NO  Repair or plug hole(s), other than designed holes. Cleanout Gate Damaged or Missing Cleanout gate watertight? YES NO  Repair gate to design function (watertight seal can be achieved). ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 27 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Cleanout gate missing. YES NO  Replace gate. Gate moves up and down by one maintenance person? YES NO  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Chain/rod leading to gate is missing? YES NO Chain/rod leading to gate is damaged? YES NO  Gate is repaired or replaced to meet design standards. Cleanout Gate (cont.) Damaged or Missing (cont.) Gate is rusted over 50% of its surface area? YES NO  Gate is repaired or replaced to meet design standards. Orifice Plate Damaged or Missing Missing orifice plate? YES NO Out of place orifice plate? YES NO Bent orifice plate? YES NO  Orifice plate is repaired or replaced to meet design standards.  Orifice plate is repaired or replaced to meet design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 28 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Orifice Plate (cont.) Obstructions Trash, debris, sediment, or vegetation blocking the plate? YES NO  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Overflow Pipe Obstructions Any trash or debris blocking (or having the potential of blocking) the overflow pipe? YES NO  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance Cover Not in Place Cover is missing or only partially in place? YES NO Manhole is closed.  Repair or replace manhole cover. Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism.  Replace with longer bolts. Manhole Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 29 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO Ladder meets design standards. Allows maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Catch Basin (General) Trash & Debris Trash or debris which is located immediately in front of the catch basin opening? YES NO Trash or debris blocking inletting capacity of the basin by more than 10%. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 30 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Material > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of six inches clearance from the debris surface to the invert of the lowest pipe. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Trash or debris in any inlet or outlet pipe blocking > 1/3 of its height. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Dead animals or vegetation causing odors or dangerous gases? YES NO  Remove dead animals or vegetation. Sediment Sediment > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of 6 inches clearance from the sediment surface to the invert of the lowest pipe? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 31 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Top slab has holes > 2 in2? YES NO Cracks > 1/4 inch? YES NO  Repair or fill holes.  Repair or fill cracks. Structure Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Frame sitting flush on top slab? YES NO Frame securely attached? YES NO  Reattach and secure frame. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 32 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Fractures or Cracks in Basin walls/Bottom Structure is unsound? YES NO Grout separated? YES NO Grout cracked > 1/2 inch and longer than 1 ft. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering catch basin through cracks? YES NO  Replace or repair to design standards.  Regrout and secure pipe at basin wall. Settlement/ Misalignment Basin has failed creating a safety, function, or design problem? YES NO  Replace or repair basin to design standards. Vegetation Vegetation blocking > 10% of the basin opening? YES NO Vegetation growing in inlet/outlet pipe joints > 6 in. tall and < 6 in. apart? YES NO  Remove vegetation.  Cut roots. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 33 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Contamination and Pollution Evidence of oil, gasoline or other pollutants? YES NO Remove  Perform removal/cleanup Cover Not in Place Cover is missing? YES NO Cover is partially in place? YES NO  Replace cover.  Reposition cover correctly. Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism.  Replace with longer bolts. Catch Basin Cover Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Control Structure /Flow Restrictor Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 34 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Ladder Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO  Ladder must meet design standards and allow maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Grate opening Unsafe Grate > 7/8 inch? YES NO  Grate opening meets design standards. Trash and Debris Trash and debris blocking > 20% of grate surface inletting capacity? YES NO  Clear grate of trash and debris. Metal Grates (If Applicable) Damaged or Missing. Grate missing? YES NO Broken member(s) of the grate? YES NO  Replace grate.  Repair grate to meet design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basins Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 35 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Trash or debris which is located immediately in front of the catch basin opening? YES NO Trash or debris blocking inletting capacity of the basin by more than 10%? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Material > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of six inches clearance from the debris surface to the invert of the lowest pipe? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Trash or debris in any inlet or outlet pipe blocking > 1/3 of its height. YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. General Trash & Debris Dead animals or vegetation causing odors or dangerous gases? YES NO  Remove dead animals or vegetation. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basins Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 36 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Sediment Sediment > 60% of the sump depth as measured from the bottom of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into or out of the basin, but in no case less than a minimum of 6 inches clearance from the sediment surface to the invert of the lowest pipe? YES NO  Clear trash and debris.  Vactor if necessary. Top slab has holes > 2 in2 ? YES NO Cracks > 1/4 inch? YES NO  Repair or fill holes.  Repair or fill cracks. Structure Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Frame sitting flush on top slab? YES NO Frame securely attached? YES NO  Reattach and secure frame. Fractures or Cracks in Basin Walls/Bottom Structure is unsound? YES NO  Replace or repair to design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basins Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 37 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Fractures or Cracks in Basin Walls/Bottom Grout separated? YES NO Grout cracked > 1/2 inch and longer than 1 ft. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering catch basin through cracks? YES NO  Regrout and secure pipe at basin wall. Settlement/ Misalignment Basin has failed creating a safety, function, or design problem? YES NO  Replace or repair basin to design standards. Vegetation blocking > 10% of the basin opening? YES NO  Remove vegetation. Vegetation Vegetation growing in inlet/outlet pipe joints > 6 in. tall and < 6 in. apart? YES NO  Remove vegetation.  Cut roots. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basins Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 38 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Contamination and Pollution Evidence of oil, gasoline or other pollutants? YES NO Remove  Perform removal/cleanup Cover Not in Place Cover is missing? YES NO Cover is partially in place? YES NO  Replace cover.  Reposition cover correctly. Locking Mechanism Not Working Mechanism can be opened by one maintenance person with proper tools? YES NO Bolts into frame < 1/2 inch of thread? YES NO Mechanism opens with proper tools.  Repair/replace mechanism.  Replace with longer bolts. Catch Basin Cover Cover Difficult to Remove One maintenance person can remove lid after applying normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair lid to prevent sealing off access for maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basins Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 39 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Ladder Ladder Rungs Unsafe Ladder is unsafe? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs misaligned or not securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Rungs rusted or cracked? YES NO  Ladder must meet design standards and allow maintenance person safe access.  Repair or replace ladder or rungs. Grate opening Unsafe Grate > 7/8 inch? YES NO  Grate opening meets design standards. Trash and Debris Trash and debris blocking > 20% of grate surface inletting capacity? YES NO  Clear grate of trash and debris. Metal Grates (If Applicable) Damaged or Missing. Grate missing? YES NO Broken member(s) of the grate? YES NO  Replace grate.  Repair grate to meet design standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Debris Barriers Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 40 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions General Trash and Debris Trash or debris plugging > 20% of the openings in the barrier? YES NO  Clear debris. Bars bent > 3 inches? YES NO  Bend bar(s) to < ¾ in.  Replace bar(s) Bars are damaged? YES NO Entire barrier missing? YES NO  Repair or replace bars. Damaged/Missing Bars. Bars are loose? YES NO Rust is causing 50% deterioration to any part of barrier? YES NO  Repair or replace bars. Metal Inlet/Outlet Pipe Debris barrier missing? YES NO Debris barrier attached to pipe? YES NO  Replace barrier.  Secure barrier to pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Energy Dissipaters Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 41 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions External: Missing or Moved Rock Only one layer of rock exists above native soil in area five square feet or larger? YES NO Native soil exposed at the top of out flow path of spillway? YES NO  Replace rock pad to design standards. Rock Pad Erosion Soil erosion in or adjacent to rock pad? YES NO  Replace rock pad to design standards. Pipe Plugged with Sediment Sediment > 20% of the design depth? YES NO  Clean/flush pipe so that it matches design. Not Discharging Water Properly Visual evidence of water discharging at concentrated points along trench (normal condition is a “sheet flow” of water along trench)? YES NO  Redesign or rebuild trench to standards. Dispersion Trench Perforations Plugged. Perforations > ½ plugged in pipe? YES NO  Clean or replace pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Energy Dissipaters Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 42 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Water Flows Out Top of “Distributor” Catch Basin. Water flowing out during any storm less than the design storm? YES NO Causing or likely to cause damage? YES NO  Facility rebuilt or redesigned to standards. Dispersion Trench (cont.) Receiving Area Over-Saturated Causing or has potential of causing landslide problems? YES NO  Consult engineer for review. Internal: Manhole/Chamber Worn or Damaged Post, Baffles, Side of Chamber Structure deteriorated to ½ of original size? YES NO Concentrated worn spot > 1 ft2? YES NO Structure appears sound? YES NO  Replace structure to designed standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Typical Biofiltration Swale Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 43 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Sediment Accumulation on Grass Sediment depth > 2 in? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits on grass treatment area of the bio- swale.  When finished, swale should be level from side to side and drain freely toward outlet. There should be no areas of standing water once inflow has ceased. Standing Water Water in the swale between storms? YES NO Water drains freely? YES NO  Remove sediment or trash blockages.  Improve grade from head to foot of swale.  Remove clogged check dams  Add under drains or convert to a wet biofiltration swale. Flow spreader Flow spreader uneven? YES NO Flow spreader clogged? YES NO Flows are uniformly distributed through entire swale width? YES NO  Level the spreader.  Clean so that flows are spread evenly over entire swale width. General Constant Baseflow Eroded and/or muddy channel has formed in the swale bottom? YES NO  Add a low-flow pea-gravel drain the length of the swale  By-pass the baseflow around the swale. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Typical Biofiltration Swale Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 44 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions Poor Vegetation Coverage Grass is sparse? YES NO Bare or eroded patches occur in > 10% of the swale bottom? YES NO  Determine why grass growth is poor and correct that condition.  Re-plant with plugs of grass from the upper slope: plant in the swale bottom at 8-inch intervals.  Re-seed into loosened, fertile soil. Vegetation Grass > 10-inches? YES NO Weeds and/or other vegetation are taking over? YES NO  Mow vegetation.  Remove nuisance vegetation so that flow not impeded.  Grass should be mowed to a height of 3 to 4 inches.  Remove grass clippings. Excessive Shading Grass growth is poor because sunlight does not reach swale? YES NO  Trim back over-hanging limbs.  Remove brushy vegetation on adjacent slopes. Inlet/Outlet Inlet/outlet areas clogged with sediment and/or debris? YES NO  Remove material. General (cont.) Trash and Debris Accumulation Trash and debris accumulated in the bio-swale? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from bioswale. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Typical Biofiltration Swale Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 45 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Actions General (cont.) Erosion/Scouring Eroded or scoured swale bottom due to flow channelization, or higher flows? YES NO For ruts or bare areas < 12 in. wide:  Repair the damaged area by filling with crushed gravel. For rut or bare spots > 12 in. wide:  The swale should be re-graded and re-seeded. For smaller bare areas:  Overseed when bare spots are evident, or take plugs of grass from the upper slope and plant in the swale bottom at 8-inch intervals. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Wet Biofiltration Swale Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 46 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Sediment Accumulation Sediment depth > 2 inches in 10% of the swale treatment area. YES NO  Remove sediment deposits in treatment area. Water Depth Water not retained to a depth of about 4 inches during the wet season? YES NO  Build up or repair outlet berm so that water is retained in the wet swale. Wetland Vegetation Vegetation is sparse and does not provide adequate filtration? YES NO Vegetation is crowded out by very dense clumps of cattail, which do not allow water to flow through the clumps? YES NO  Determine cause of lack of vigor of vegetation and correct.  Replant as needed. For excessive cattail growth:  Cut cattail shoots back and compost off-site. (Normally wetland vegetation does not need to be harvested unless die-back is causing oxygen depletion in waters). Inlet/Outlet Inlet/outlet area clogged with sediment and/or debris? YES NO  Remove clogging or blockage in the inlet and outlet areas. General Trash and Debris Accumulation Trash & Debris present?  5 ft3 /1,000 ft2 ′ 5 ft3 /1,000 ft2 Clear Trash and Debris  Perform maintenance now  Perform at next scheduled maintenance ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Wet Biofiltration Swale Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 47 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions General (cont.) Erosion/Scouring Swale has eroded or scoured due to flow channelization, or higher flows? YES NO  Check design flows to assure swale is large enough to handle flows.  By-pass excess flows.  Enlarge swale.  Replant eroded areas with fibrous-rooted plants. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Filter Strips Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 48 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Sediment Accumulation on Grass Sediment depth > 2 in? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits  Re-level so slope is even and flows pass evenly through strip. Vegetation Grass > 10 in? YES NO Weeds and/or other vegetation are taking over? YES NO  Mow grass.  Control nuisance vegetation.  Grass should be mowed to a height between 3-4 inches. Trash and Debris Accumulation Trash and debris accumulated on the filter strip? YES NO  Remove trash and Debris from filter. Erosion/Scouring Eroded or scoured areas due to flow channelization, or higher flows? YES NO For ruts or bare areas < 12 in. wide:  Repair the damaged area by filling with crushed gravel. For rut or bare spots > 12 in. wide:  The swale should be re-graded and re-seeded. For smaller bare areas: Overseed when bare spots are evident, or take plugs of grass from the upper slope and plant in the swale bottom at 8-inch intervals. General Flow spreader Flow spreader uneven or clogged? YES NO  Level the spreader.  Clean so that flows are spread evenly over entire filter width. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Wet Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 49 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Water level First cell is empty / doesn't hold water? YES NO  Line the first cell to maintain at least 4 feet of water. Trash and Debris Accumulation > 1 ft3 per 1000 ft2 of pond area? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from pond. Inlet/Outlet Pipe Inlet/Outlet pipe clogged with sediment and/or debris material? YES NO  Clear and remove clogging or blockage in the inlet and outlet piping. Sediment Accumulation in Pond Bottom Is > depth of sediment zone plus 6- inches? YES NO  Remove sediment from pond bottom. Oil Sheen on Water Prevalent and visible oil sheen? YES NO  Remove using oil-absorbent pads or vactor truck.  Locate and correct source of contaminant. General Erosion Erosion of the pond’s side slopes and/or scouring of the pond bottom, exceeds 6-inches? YES NO Continued erosion is prevalent? YES NO  Stabilize slopes using proper erosion control measures and repair methods. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Wet Ponds Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 50 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Settlement of Pond Dike/Berm Settling < 4 in. or lower than the design elevation? YES NO Dike/berm is unsound? YES NO  Repair dike/berm to specifications. Internal Berm Berm dividing cells level? YES NO  Berm surface is leveled so that water flows evenly over entire length of berm. General (cont.) Overflow Spillway Rock is missing? YES NO Soil is exposed at top of spillway or outside slope. YES NO  Rocks replaced to specifications. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Wet Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 51 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Trash/Debris Accumulation Trash and debris accumulated in vault, pipe or inlet/outlet? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from vault. Sediment Accumulation in Vault Sediment > depth of the sediment zone plus 6-inches? YES NO  Remove sediment from vault. Damaged Pipes Inlet/outlet piping damaged? YES NO  Repair and/or replace pipe. Access Cover Damaged/Not Working Cover cannot be opened or removed by one person? YES NO  Repair or replace pipe to proper working specifications. Ventilation Ventilation area blocked or plugged? YES NO  Remove or clear blocking material from ventilation area.  Refer to design specifications). Vault is structurally sound? YES NO  Replace or repair vault to meet design specifications.  Consult engineer to determine the structural integrity. General Vault Structure Damage -Includes Cracks in Walls Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Cracks wider than 1/2-inch at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO  Repair vault so that no cracks exist wider than 1/4-inch at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Wet Vaults Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 52 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Vault Structure Damage -Includes Cracks in Walls Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab (cont.) Evidence of soil particles entering through the cracks? YES NO  Repair vault so that no cracks exist wider than 1/4-inch at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe. Baffles Baffles corroding, cracking, warping and/or showing signs of failure? YES NO  Repair or replace baffles to specifications. General (cont.) Access Ladder Damage Ladder is corroded or deteriorated? YES NO Ladder not functioning properly? YES NO Ladder not attached to structure wall? YES NO Missing rungs, has cracks and/or misaligned? YES NO Confined space warning sign visible? YES NO  Replace or repair ladder to specifications, and is safe to use as determined by inspection personnel.  Replace sign warning of confined space entry requirements.  Ladder and entry notification must comply with OSHA standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Sand Filters - Open Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 53 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Sediment Accumulation on top layer Sediment depth > ½ in? YES NO  Remove sediment deposit on grass layer of sand filter that would impede permeability of the filter section. Trash and Debris Accumulations Trash and debris accumulated on sand filter bed? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from sand filter bed. Sediment/Debris in Clean-Outs Clean-outs full or partially plugged with sediment and/or debris? YES NO  Remove sediment from clean- outs. Sand Filter Media Drawdown of water through the sand filter media takes longer than 24-hours? YES NO Flow through the overflow pipes occurs frequently. YES NO  Top several inches of sand are scraped.  May require replacement of entire sand filter depth depending on extent of plugging.  Consult an engineer for review. Above Ground (open sand filter) Prolonged Flows Sand is saturated and does not dry out between storms due? YES NO  Limit low and continuous flows to a small portion of the facility by using a low wooden divider or depressed sand surface. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Sand Filters - Open Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 54 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Short Circuiting Flows have become concentrated over one section of the sand filter rather than dispersed? YES NO  Disperse flow across the entire filter area. Erosion Damage to Slopes Erosion > 2 in. deep? YES NO Potential for continued erosion is evident? YES NO  Stabilize slope using proper erosion control measures. Rock Pad Missing or Out of Place Soil beneath the rock is visible? YES NO  Replace or rebuild rock pad to design specifications. Flow Spreader Flow spreader uneven or clogged? YES NO  Level and clean spreader so that flows are spread evenly over sand filter. Above Ground (open sand filter) (cont.) Damaged Pipes Piping is crushed or deformed > 20%? YES NO Other failure to the piping. YES NO  Repair or replace pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Sand Filters - Closed Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 55 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Sediment Accumulation on Sand Media Section Sediment depth > ½ in.? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits on sand filter section that which would impede permeability of the filter section. Sediment Accumulation in Pre-Settling Portion of Vault Sediment in vault bottom > depth of the sediment zone + 6 in? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits in first chamber of vault. Trash/Debris Accumulation Trash and debris in vault? YES NO Trash and debris in pipe inlet/outlet? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from vault.  Remove trash and debris from inlet/outlet piping. Sediment in Drain Pipes/Cleanouts Drain pipes full with sediment and/or debris? YES NO Cleanouts full with sediment and/or debris? YES NO  Remove sediment and debris. Below Ground Vault. Short Circuiting Seepage/flow occurring along the vault walls and corners? YES NO Sand eroding near inflow area? YES NO  Re-lay sand filter media section and compact along perimeter of vault to form a semi-seal.  Add erosion protection to dissipate force of incoming flow and curtail erosion. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Sand Filters - Closed Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 56 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Damaged Pipes Inlet pipe damaged or broken? YES NO Outlet pipe damaged or broken? YES NO  Repair and/or replace pipe. Access Cover Damaged/Not Working Cover cannot be opened? YES NO Corrosion/deformation of cover? YES NO Cannot remove cover using normal lifting pressure? YES NO  Repair cover to proper working specifications or replaced. Ventilation Ventilation area blocked or plugged? YES NO  Remove or clear blocking material from ventilation area. Below Ground Vault. (cont.) Vault Structure Damaged; Includes Cracks in Walls, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab. Cracks > ½ in? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering the structure through the cracks? YES NO  Repair or replace vault to designed specifications. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Sand Filters - Closed Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 57 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Vault is structurally sound? YES NO  Consult engineer to determine if the vault is structurally sound. Vault Structure Damaged; Includes Cracks in Walls, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab. (cont.) Cracks > ½ in. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering through the cracks at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO  Repair vault so that no cracks exist > ¼ in. at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe. Baffles/Internal walls Baffles or walls corroding? YES NO Baffles or walls cracking? YES NO Baffles or walls warping? YES NO Baffles or walls showing signs of failure? YES NO  Repair and/or replace baffle to designed specifications. Below Ground Vault. (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged Ladder is corroded or deteriorated? YES NO  Repair and/or replace ladder to specifications. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Sand Filters - Closed Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 58 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Below Ground Vault. (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged (cont.) Ladder functioning properly? YES NO Ladder securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Cracks and/or misaligned? YES NO  Repair and/or replace ladder to specifications. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Stormfilter – Leaf Compost Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 59 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Action Sediment Accumulation on Media. Sediment > ¼ in? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits which could impede permeability of the compost media. Sediment Accumulation in Vault Sediment > 6 inches in first chamber? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits in vault bottom of first chamber. Trash/Debris Accumulation Trash and debris accumulated on compost filter bed? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from the compost filter bed. Sediment in Drain Pipes/Clean-Outs Drain pipes full with sediment and/or debris? YES NO Clean-outs full with sediment and/or debris? YES NO  Remove sediment and debris. Below Ground Vault Damaged Pipes Pipes crushed or damaged due to corrosion and/or settlement? YES NO  Repair or replace pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Stormfilter – Leaf Compost Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 60 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Action Access Cover Damaged/Not Working Cover cannot be opened? YES NO Corrosion/deformation of cover? YES NO  Repair cover to proper working specifications.  Replace cover. Cracks > ½ in? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering the structure through the cracks? YES NO Vault is structurally sound? YES NO  Replace vault.  Repair vault to designed specifications.  Consult engineer for determination of structural integrity. Below Ground Vault (cont.) Vault Structure Includes Cracks in Wall, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Cracks > ½ in. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering through the cracks? YES NO  Repair vault so that no cracks exist > ¼ in. at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Stormfilter – Leaf Compost Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 61 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Action Baffles Baffles corroding? YES NO Baffles cracking? YES NO Baffles warping? YES NO Baffles showing signs of failure? YES NO  Repair or replace baffles to specifications. Below Ground Vault (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged Ladder is corroded or deteriorated? YES NO Ladder functioning properly? YES NO Ladder securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO  Replace ladder.  Ladder replaced to designed specifications. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Stormfilter – Leaf Compost Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 62 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Conditions Action Below Ground Vault (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged (cont.) Rungs cracked or misaligned? YES NO  Replace ladder.  Ladder replaced to designed specifications. Compost Media Drawdown of water through the media > 1 hour? YES NO Overflow occurs frequently? YES NO  Replace media cartridges. Below Ground Cartridge Type Short Circuiting Flows properly enter filter cartridges? YES NO  Replace filter cartridges. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Baffle Oil Water Separator -API Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 63 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Monitoring Discharge show signs of poor water quality? YES NO  Perform maintenance. Sediment Accumulation Sediment bottom of vault > 6 inches in depth? YES NO  Remove sediment on vault bottom that could impede flow through the vault and reduce separation efficiency. Trash and Debris Accumulation Trash and debris in vault? YES NO Trash and debris in pipe inlet/outlet? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from vault.  Remove trash and debris from and inlet/outlet piping. Oil Accumulation Oil accumulations > 1 in. at the surface of the water? YES NO  Extract oil from vault by vactoring.  Dispose in accordance with state and local rules and regulations. General Damaged Pipes Inlet piping damaged or broken? YES NO Outlet piping damaged or broken? YES NO  Repair or replace pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Baffle Oil Water Separator -API Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 64 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Access Cover Damaged/Not Working Cover cannot be opened? YES NO Corrosion/deformation of cover? YES NO  Repair cover to proper working specifications.  Replace cover. General (cont.) Vault Structure Damage - Includes Cracks in Walls Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Top slab has holes > 2 in2? YES NO Cracks > 1/4 inch? YES NO Frame sitting flush on top slab? YES NO Frame securely attached? YES NO Structure is unsound? YES NO  Replace or repair vault to designed specifications and is structurally sound. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Baffle Oil Water Separator -API Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 65 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Vault Structure Damage - Includes Cracks in Walls Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab (cont.) Grout separated? YES NO Grout cracked > 1/2 inch and longer than 1 ft. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering catch basin through cracks? YES NO  Repair vault so that no cracks exist wider than ¼ in. at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe. Baffles Baffles corroding? YES NO Baffles cracking or warping? YES NO Baffles showing signs of failure? YES NO  Repair or replace baffles to specifications. General (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged Ladder is corroded or deteriorated? YES NO Ladder functioning properly? YES NO  Replace or repair ladder to meet specifications, and is safe to use. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Baffle Oil Water Separator -API Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 66 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions General (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged (cont.) Ladder securely attached to structure wall? YES NO Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs cracked, or misaligned? YES NO  Replace or repair ladder to meet specifications, and is safe to use. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Oil Water Separator - CP Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 67 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Monitoring Discharge water shows signs of poor water quality? YES NO  Perform maintenance. Sediment Accumulation Sediment depth in bottom of vault > 6 inches in depth and/or visible signs of sediment on plates? YES NO  Remove sediment deposits on vault bottom and plate media, which would impede flow through the vault and reduce separation efficiency. Trash and Debris Accumulation Trash and debris in vault? YES NO Trash and debris in pipe inlet/outlet? YES NO  Remove trash and debris from vault.  Remove trash and debris from inlet/outlet pipe. Oil Accumulation Oil accumulation > 1 in. at the water surface? YES NO  Oil is extracted from vault using vactoring methods.  Coalescing plates are cleaned by thoroughly rinsing and flushing.  Should be no visible oil depth on water. General Damaged Coalescing Plates Plate media broken? YES NO Plate media deformed? YES NO  Replace a portion of the media pack.  Replace the entire plate pack depending on severity of failure. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Oil Water Separator - CP Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 68 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Damaged Coalescing Plates (cont.) Plate media cracked? YES NO Plate media showing signs of failure? YES NO  Replace a portion of the media pack.  Replace the entire plate pack depending on severity of failure. Damaged Pipes Inlet or outlet piping damaged or broken? YES NO  Repair or replace pipe. Baffles Baffles corroding? YES NO Baffles cracking or warping? YES NO Baffles showing signs of failure? YES NO .  Repair or replace baffles to meet specifications. General (cont.) Vault Structure Damage -Includes Cracks in Walls, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab Cracks > ½ in? YES NO  Replace or repair vault to designed specifications and is structurally sound. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Oil Water Separator - CP Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 69 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Evidence of soil particles entering the structure through the cracks? YES NO Vault is structurally sound? YES NO  Replace or repair vault to designed specifications and is structurally sound. Vault Structure Damage -Includes Cracks in Walls, Bottom, Damage to Frame and/or Top Slab (cont.) Cracks > ½ in. at the joint of any inlet/outlet pipe? YES NO Evidence of soil particles entering through the cracks? YES NO  Repair vault so that no cracks exist wider than ¼ in. at the joint of the inlet/outlet pipe. General (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged Ladder is corroded or deteriorated? YES NO Ladder functioning properly? YES NO Ladder securely attached to structure wall? YES NO  Repair or replace ladder to meet specifications and is safe to use. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Oil Water Separator - CP Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 70 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions General (cont.) Access Ladder Damaged (cont.) Missing rungs? YES NO Rungs cracked, or misaligned? YES NO  Repair or replace ladder to meet specifications and is safe to use. ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basin Inserts Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 71 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Sediment Accumulation Sediment forming a cap over the insert media of the insert and/or unit? YES NO  Remove sediment cap on the insert media and its unit. Trash and Debris Accumulation Trash and debris on insert unit creating a blockage/restriction? YES NO Runoff flows easily into catch basin?  Remove trash and debris from insert unit. Media Insert Not Removing Oil Effluent water from media insert has a visible sheen? YES NO  Perform maintenance. General Media Insert Water Saturated Catch basin insert is saturated with water? YES NO Catch basin insert no longer has the capacity to absorb? YES NO  Remove and replace media insert ---PAGE BREAK--- Operations/Maintenance BMPs Catch Basin Inserts Rev _ 12/30/2010 page 72 F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SD_OM_SOP_Checklist_rev3.doc Maintenance Component Defect Condition Actions Media Insert-Oil Saturated Media oil saturated due to petroleum spill that drains into catch basin? YES NO  Remove and replace media insert. General (cont.) Media Insert Use Beyond Normal Product Life Media has been used beyond the typical average life of media insert product? YES NO  Remove and replace media at regular intervals, depending on insert product. ---PAGE BREAK--- IDDE SR-1 Illicit Discharge Detection / Guidance Side A FOLLOW Spill Response Plan (SR-1) (see reverse side) CONTAINER of unknown or hazardous materials left in the Right of Way or on City Property INTENTIONAL DUMPING or release to Soils, Surface Water, Storm Drainage or Sanitary Sewer ACCIDENTAL SPILL or release to Soils, Surface Water, Storm Drainage or Sanitary Sewer OR OR Dirty or discolored water flowing in a gutter line, swale or roadside ditch OR ANY water flowing in a gutter line, swale or roadside ditch during DRY WEATHER Call Public Works daytime [PHONE REDACTED] after hours [PHONE REDACTED] START HERE INCIDENT CONTINUED ON REVERSE SIDE F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SR1_IDDE_Spill Response_first responder_decision tree.xls rev 2-7-2011 ---PAGE BREAK--- Supervisors Radio # Office Cell Home Collections Donald Keith Henry 4401 [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] Ken Davies 4701 [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] 4901 [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] 4902 [PHONE REDACTED] Manager Rob Andreotti 4003 [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] Director Jim Morris 4001 [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] [PHONE REDACTED] POTW Parks Don Lange Side B Street Water Craig Hale SPILL RESPONSE First Responder / Guidance SR-1 YES CALL PUBLIC WORKS [PHONE REDACTED] or [PHONE REDACTED] after hours NO Is the substance Hazardous? YES or Unknown - SPILLS Divert or contain if possible - CONTAINERS (unspilled) Barricade or cone area - RESTRICT PUBLIC ACCESS Always REMAIN ON SITE UNTIL RELIEVED SPILL or release to Soils, Surface Water, Storm Drainage or Sanitary Sewer NO CONTINUED FROM REVERSE SIDE Call 911 AND Supervisor or Manager F:\Yards\Storm Water\NPDES Road Map\Annual Reports\2010\SR1_IDDE_Spill Response_first responder_decision tree.xls rev 2-7-2011 ---PAGE BREAK---