Document Puyallup_doc_174274b09c

Regional Road Maintenance Endangered Species Act Program Guidelines developed by: Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group ---PAGE BREAK--- The Guidelines are available at: http://www.metrokc.gov/roadcon/bmp/pdfguide.htm developed by: Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group ---PAGE BREAK--- i Introduction BACKGROUND I n May 1999, the federal government listed the Puget Sound chinook salmon as “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In December 1999, the bull trout was also listed as “threatened” in the coterminous United States, including the Puget Sound region. In response to these listings, local governments in the Puget Sound area formed a coalition, known as the “Tri-County ESA Response Effort,” to implement programs to conserve listed species. The Tri-County ESA Response Effort identified several government agency program areas with the potential to contribute to conservation of the listed species. Road maintenance is one of these programs. Under the Tri-County Response Effort, the Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group—a team of local road maintenance managers and technical staff—was formed. The mission of the Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group was to develop a road maintenance program that would contribute to the conservation of salmonids and other fish species and would meet federal agencies’ requirements under Section 4(d) of the ESA (see below). At the same time the Tri-County effort was getting underway, WSDOT was beginning to develop its own road maintenance program, with the same goals as the Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group. The Tri-County Road Maintenance ESA Technical Working Group quickly expanded to include counties and cities outside the Tri-County area. WSDOT also became an active and vital member of the group. The group was renamed the Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group to reflect the growing interest and participation in the program. In the fall of 2001, after two years of collaborative effort developing the Regional Program and the WSDOT road maintenance program, WSDOT decided to formally consider their program part of the Regional Program. This decision expanded the Regional Program to include the entire State of Washington. Section 4(d) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) administers the ESA as to salmon and other species that spend the majority of their life history in marine waters. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) administers the ESA as to terrestrial species, birds, and species that spend the majority of their life history in freshwater, such as bull trout. These federal Services follow separate procedures to apply Section 4(d) of the ESA. ---PAGE BREAK--- ii Section 4(d) of the ESA grants the Secretaries of Interior and Commerce (and by delegation the USFWS and NMFS) broad administrative discretion to promulgate regulations that are necessary and advisable to provide for the conservation of threatened species. Section 4(d) also confers upon the Secretaries, and thus upon the NMFS and USFWS (the Services), discretion to apply to a threatened species any or all of the prohibitions against “take”1 that automatically apply to endangered species via ESA Section 9. USFWS has implemented a standing prohibition on the take of threatened species (codified at 50 CFR 17.31(a)) under Section 4(d) of the ESA. In other words, take prohibitions automatically apply when the USFWS lists a species as threatened, such as the bull trout. NMFS does not have a standing prohibition on take. Instead, NMFS uses its authority under Section 4(d) to adopt protective regulations on a species-by-species basis. NMFS’ protective rules usually incorporate ESA Section 9’s prohibition on take. However, both of the Services sometimes promulgate more detailed 4(d) rules for threatened species. • When NMFS issues a 4(d) rule, the rule may apply the Section 9(a) prohibition of “take,” but “limit” the application of that prohibition to certain activities. The decision to “limit” the take prohibition is based on a determination that such activities are already adequately regulated, or are unlikely to cause prohibited “take” if executed in a manner approved by NMFS. For example, NMFS adopted a detailed 4(d) Rule in July 2000, codified at 50 CFR 223.203. That rule prohibits take of 14 groups of salmon and steelhead (including the Puget Sound chinook) listed as threatened under the ESA, but “limits” the prohibition on take for 13 categories of activities that NMFS deemed to be sufficiently regulated or otherwise adequately protective of the species. • When USFWS promulgates a detailed 4(d) rule for threatened species, it is called a “special 4(d) rule” to distinguish it from the standing USFWS regulation prohibiting the take of threatened species. If deemed appropriate by USFWS, a special 4(d) rule may be adopted to eliminate or reduce the standing regulation’s applicability to activities that may affect a particular threatened species for which USFWS is responsible. 1Section 3 of the ESA defines “take” to include actions that “harass” or “harm” listed species. USFWS regulations further define “harass” to mean “an intentional or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to, breeding, feeding or sheltering.” USFWS regulations further define “harm” to mean “an act which actually kills or injures wildlife. Such an act may include significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding or sheltering.” (50C.F.R. §17.3). NMFS has adopted a similar definition, codified in 50 C.F.R. §222.102. ---PAGE BREAK--- iii NMFS’ 4(d) Rule for salmon and steelhead includes a “take limit” for approved road maintenance programs. In that rule, Limit 10(ii) provides that routine road maintenance activities conducted by the employees or agents of a state, county, city, or port in a manner that has been found to contribute to properly functioning condition are eligible for the limitation on the definition of “take” of threatened species. The USFWS published a “special 4(d) rule” for bull trout on November 1, 1999. It appeared in the Federal Register at Volume 64, Number 210, pages 58909-58933. That rule applies the ESA Section 9 take prohibition to bull trout, but exempts certain fishing programs, educational programs, and scientific activities from the prohibition. On the same date, USFWS published a “Notice of Intent to Prepare a Proposed Special Rule Pursuant to Section 4(d) of the Endangered Species Act for the Bull Trout.” It appeared in the Federal Register at Volume 64, Number 210, pages 58934-58936. The notice stated that USFWS is considering whether to amend the existing special rule to exempt two additional categories of other activities that may affect bull trout: habitat restoration, and other land and water management activities governed by enforceable regulations that provide substantial protection for bull trout. However, a local agency desiring a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, or “Special 4(d) Rule, and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of a biological opinion) through the USFWS, prepares a Part 3 Application for its routine road maintenance activities. The Regional Road Maintenance ESA Guidelines Among other things, Section 2(b) of the ESA states that the purpose of the ESA is to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend may be conserved, and to provide a program for the conservation of such listed species. Under ESA Section 3, “conservation” is defined as the use of all methods and procedures which are necessary to bring any endangered or threatened species to the point at which the measures provided pursuant to the Act are no longer necessary. The Services have identified habitat degradation in both freshwater and estuarine/near-shore marine environments as a major factor of decline for bull trout and listed salmonids and steelhead. When properly modified and implemented, road maintenance practices can contribute to the conservation of listed species and the ecosystems upon which they depend by protecting or restoring habitat. The Tri-County ESA Response Effort had two primary goals ---PAGE BREAK--- iv for road maintenance. The first goal was to develop a road maintenance program that would contribute to the conservation of chinook and bull trout and other listed species. The second goal was to negotiate a program the Services would deem an appropriate basis to “limit”, reduce or eliminate the prohibition on take of certain threatened species (chinook, bull trout, and other threatened species) for which they are responsible. As described above, the Services utilize different options to limit, reduce, or eliminate the prohibition on take of threatened species: • For NMFS administered species, NMFS could grant approval for a take limit for the specified road maintenance program under Limit 10 of the 4(d) Rule issued in July 2000. • For USFWS administered species, USFWS could promulgate a special 4(d) rule (or amend an existing special 4(d) rule) and/or Section 7 take exemption to reduce or eliminate certain take prohibitions that apply to the specified road maintenance program. To assist local governments in implementing the program, and to provide the Services with a thorough document against which Regional Program compliance could be evaluated, the Regional Road Maintenance Technical Working Group developed the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines (Guidelines). The Services and other regulatory authorities, as well as Puget Sound area tribes, environmental interest groups, and business groups, also provided input and assistance in the development of the Guidelines. The collaborative effort to develop the Regional Program was extensive. A full year of development and review of the program had been completed by July 2000. That collaborative effort continued through 2000 and 2001. Biological reviews conducted in the course of that process demonstrate that if local agencies follow the Guidelines when doing road maintenance work, they can contribute to the conservation of chinook salmon, bull trout, and other aquatic species listed under the ESA. PURPOSE The purpose of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines is to provide a consistent, Regional Program that can be used by any agency wishing to limit, reduce or eliminate the prohibition on take of threatened species under the 4(d) Rule (NMFS), special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (USFW). The Regional Program consists of the following three parts: ---PAGE BREAK--- v • Part 1: Regional Program Elements is the basic framework for the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. It includes ten program elements that make up the Regional Program. Implementation of all ten of the program elements is required for a local agency to obtain a 4(d) take limit (NMFS), special 4(d) rule, and/or a Section 7 take exemption from USFWS. • Part 2: Best Management Practices is a set of site-specific best management practices (BMPs) for road maintenance. Under the Regional Program, road maintenance, environmental, and engineering design staff can use these BMPs, in addition to routine BMPs presented in Part 1 to achieve conservation outcomes identified in the Guidelines. It is recognized that state regulations and local ordinances or site- specific permit conditions may all dictate use of specific BMPs. For that reason, Part 2 offers a menu of possible BMPs from which the most suitable method of maintenance activity can be selected. • Part 3: Application is an individual agency application for a 4(d) take limit (NMFS) special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption, to receive an elimination or reduction of the standing prohibition of take for threatened species (USFWS) under the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application, known as the “plug-and-play” part of the Regional Program, allows local agencies to “plug” into Parts 1 and 2 of the program. The Part 3 Application is a specific commitment that an agency will comply with the ten program elements in Part 1. The five appendices to the Guidelines include the following: - Appendix A. Appendix A is a list of contacts for information on the Regional Program. - Appendix B. Appendix B is a description of the role of the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highway and Local Program (H&LP) or the Regional Forum in screening Part 3 Applications to the Regional Program - Appendix C. Appendix C is a BMP Outcome Category matrix. It is a tool for planning, selecting and implementing BMPs that achieve the conservation outcomes of the Regional Program. - Appendix D. Appendix D contains three sample checklists agencies can refer to or use to implement the Regional Program. The checklists contain useful steps for planning and selecting BMPs, conducting pre- construction or pre-maintenance meetings, and implementing BMPs. ---PAGE BREAK--- vi - Appendix E. Appendix E is a Fish Exclusion Protocol. The Guidelines also include a glossary, list of acronyms and index. Local agencies are encouraged to participate in the Regional Program to help achieve regional conservation objectives. Detailed information about how the Regional Program works is contained in Part 1. Agencies seeking guidance in developing Part 3 Applications for their participation in the Regional Program are welcome to attend Regional Forum meetings (see Part 1, Element 1, Regional Forum, for more information). Contact information on the Regional Forum members is listed in Appendix A. The Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program framework is shown on Figure 1. ---PAGE BREAK--- vii REGIONAL AGENCY Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Framework Figure 1 1. Regional Forum 2. Program Review & Approval 3. Training 4. Compliance Monitoring 5. Scientific Research 6. Adaptive Management 7. Emergency Response 8. Biological Data Collection 9. Bi-annual Reports 10. Best Management Practices Agency-specific Implementation 1. Keep Water from Work Area 2. Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion 3. Filter/Perimeter Protection 4. Settling 5. Reduce Water Velocity/ Erosive Forces 6. Containment 7. Habitat Protection/ Maintenance 8. Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water HYDRO HATCHERY HABITAT HARVEST Part 2 BMPs Part 1 Regional Program Elements The H’s Part 3 Application HABITAT 1. Letter of Commitment 2. Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2 3. General Procedures 4. Exceptions from Regional Program OUTCOME CATEGORIES PLUG AND PLAY 1 2 10BMPs 3 4 5 7 9 8 4d 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- viii PERMIT REGULATION Compliance with this program in no way exempts participating agencies from local, state, and federal permits required by law. In fact, permit compliance is specifically spelled out as a BMP requirement in these Guidelines. Merely following permit requirements does not, however, constitute compliance with the Regional Program. To receive coverage under the program, agencies must comply with the Guidelines. Compliance with Washington state fish passage regulations is particularly important for conservation when performing culvert replacement work in stream crossings. Washington State law and regulations require that new or retrofit culverts be designed for fish passage. (RCW 77.55.060; WAC 220- 110-070). Culvert installation and replacement under these sections requires the issuance of a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). All work done under this section will comply with the HPA. To clarify the fish passage criteria defined by WAC 220-110-070, WDFW prepared a design manual entitled “Fish Passage Design at Road Culverts” (the Manual) (WDFW 1999). The Manual was reviewed by the NMFS, which concluded that, when designing retrofits or replacements of existing culverts, the WDFW Guidelines should result in improved habitat conditions with the potential to bring impaired habitat on a trend to Properly Functioning Conditions (PFC). Using the WDFW Manual, while designing a new culvert, should not impair PFC as long as the hydraulic and other fish passage considerations are properly applied (NMFS memorandum, Assitant Regional Administrator for Hydro to Assistant Regional Administrator for Habitat Conservation, Novermber 28, 2001). Therefore, the Regional Program incorporates the relevant considerations for the design of new and retrofit culverts stated in the Manual, as well as other relevant fish passage and habitat considerations addressed in the last chapter of the Manual. (As of the date of this publication, the Manual can be viewed on the Internet at OTHER 4(D) PROGRAM ELEMENTS Activities covered by the definition of “maintenance” will be executed according to the ten program elements set forth in these Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines, as negotiated with the National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Service (the Services). In the event that a jurisdiction or other entity adopts this Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program, and also adopts a development and ---PAGE BREAK--- ix Impact of Road Maintenance on Habitat Conditions Figure 2 Present Conditions H A B I TAT C O N D I T I O N S T I M E Present Day Conditions with implementation of Guidelines Conditions with continued road maintenance activities without Guidelines Conditions without Road Maintenance Not to Scale redevelopment program (if any), the maintenance activities included in these Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines will not be considered “development” or “redevelopment.” Maintenance activities conducted in compliance with this Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program shall be recognized as mitigation (WAC 197-11-768) which is exempt from development or redevelopment regulations adopted pursuant to the land use or stormwater operational programs or any other future development or redevelopment related programs. Unlike development or redevelopment, road maintenance mitigates the impacts of the original construction of the road structures, ongoing roadway use, and preservation of the structure. Road maintenance can also lead to habitat improvement. Figure 2 shows the impact of road maintenance on habitat conditions under three scenarios: 1. If road maintenance were to cease altogether, habitat conditions would decline. 2. With current road maintenance practices, habitat conditions would improve slowly. 3. With implementation of the Guidelines, habitat conditions would improve at a greater rate. ---PAGE BREAK--- x Applying the Guidelines to Road Maintenance T his Regional Program applies to roadway maintenance operations, utility maintenance, maintenance of stormwater facilities, and other right-of-way (ROW) structure maintenance within the ROW. Participants in the Regional Program need a clear understanding of what road maintenance is, how it minimizes impacts to habitat, and where it occurs. DEFINITION OF ROAD MAINTENANCE Activities that fall under the following definition of “maintenance” are covered under the Regional Program: Maintenance: Repair and maintenance include activities that: are conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities and equipment; and involve no expansion of or change in use of such structures, facilities, and equipment; beyond those that existed previously; and do not result in significant negative hydrological impact. Repair and maintenance include those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems or to replace dysfunctional facilities. Repair and maintenance also include replacing existing structures with different types of structures, PROVIDED THAT replacement is required to meet current engineering standards or by one or more environmental permits and the functioning characteristics of the original structure are not changed. An example would be replacing a collapsed, fish-blocking round or wooden culvert with a new box culvert under the same span or width of roadway. As negotiated with the Services, the Regional Program specifies activities that have been determined to be adequately regulated and therefore can limit, reduce or eliminate the prohibition on take of threatened species. The Regional Program does not apply to construction of new facilities or major expansion of existing facilities. ---PAGE BREAK--- xi ROAD MAINTENANCE IS MITIGATION Road maintenance limits, reduces, or eliminates impacts from vehicle use and road wear. Given the critical nature of the transportation system, road maintenance is not optional. It is required for several reasons (WAC 197-11- 768 mitigation): • Safety of the traveling public • Preservation of infrastructure • Mitigation for environmental impacts associated with initial construction, preservation, and maintenance during the life of the structure. The Guidelines provide a road maintenance program that achieves the dual goals of operating a transportation system while conserving aquatic habitat conditions. An example of how road maintenance conserves habitat can be found in the road maintenance category “Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems.” Maintenance activities within the category contribute to the following conservation outcomes: 1. Street sweeping reduces sediments from entering storm drains and waterways. 2. Maintaining and cleaning enclosed drainage systems removes sediments. 3. Maintaining and cleaning oil/water separators reduces pollutants and sediments. 4. Maintaining and cleaning retention/detention facilities and connector ditches removes pollutants and sediments. 5. Repair and restoration of an enclosed drainage system facility ensures storage capacity. 6. Mowing bio-swales and cleaning water quality vaults removes pollutants and sediments. 7. Culvert repair and rehabilitation reduces erosion. 8. Outfall maintenance reduces erosion. 9. Check dams, or similar BMP’s should not be used when maintenace activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. Each maintenance category within the Guidelines has activities that contribute to the conservation outcomes listed for that category. ---PAGE BREAK--- xii Right-of-Way Structure R oad maintenance activities occur within the right-of-way (ROW). ROW is the area of land dedicated for public use or secured by the public for purposes of ingress and egress to abutting property and other public purposes. ROW includes area maintained by public agencies through prescriptive rights. ROW structures include planned, designed, engineered and constructed features that together encompass many built systems. Typical ROW structures include, but are not limited to, the following: • Open drainage system/sediment transport system. • Closed drainage system/sediment transport system. • Retention/detention/wetland systems/sediment transport system. • Road surface/drainage and sediment transport system. • Bridge systems. • Utilities. • Stream system. • The ROW itself, width, air space above and underground. An understanding of the ROW, its structures, and its relationship to water quality and habitat is critical to the successful implementation of the Regional Program. Examples of systems and structures within the ROW include the following: roadway, bridges, drainage, sediment containment, retention/detention, water, sewer, gas, electrical, street lighting, traffic loops, and traffic signals. The aboveground surface area of the ROW structure consists of, but is not limited to, the roadway shoulder, cuts, fills, ditches, channels, dikes, bridges, retention/detention structures, swales and constructed wetlands (intentional and incidental). The road surface directs water from the road, across the gravel or grass shoulder, across the inslope of the ditch, through the ditch to a swale or retention/detention area and then to an outlet. The ROW structure also includes a sediment transport (stormwater) system. The function of this system is to remove sediment before it outfalls to a watercourse or stream. The roadway drainage system has built-in stormwater retention capacity. The road surface traps large amounts of fine material, where it can be removed by sweeping operations, thereby preventing sedimentation in watercourses or streams. Gravel or grass shoulders filter and trap sediments. Ditches hold and trap sediments frequently acting as long, ---PAGE BREAK--- xiii narrow retention/detention ponds. Stormwater retention/detention facilities and constructed wetlands hold and trap large amounts of sediment, reducing sedimentation. The open drainage system is designed to trap sediments. Road maintenance often removes these sediments before they pass through the system to a stream or watercourse. Like an open drainage system, an enclosed drainage system transports sediment to built-in trapping and holding areas where the sediment can be removed before it reaches a stream or watercourse. An enclosed drainage system starts with the road surface or structure and directs water and sediment to inlets, catch basins, manholes, vaults, pipes, and retention/detention facilities. Inlets to the enclosed drainage system both limit the size of sediments and hold sediments. Catch basins, manholes, vaults, pipes, and retention/detention structures, constructed wetlands, and treatment facilities trap large quantities of sediments so they can be removed before they enter the outflow. Road and utility maintenance activities occur within the road ROW structure. Figures 3-7 provide typical illustrations of the ROW structure, including the following: • Figure 3: Typical ROW Structure • Figure 4: Section A-A: Open Drainage System • Figure 5: Section B-B: Enclosed Drainage System • Figure 6: Section C-C: Retention/Detention Facility • Figure 7: Section D-D: Stream Crossing Road. ---PAGE BREAK--- xiv B B D D A A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND PRIVATE RESIDENCE PRIVATE RESIDENCE PRIVATE RESIDENCE C C PRIVATE ROAD ROAD SURFACE ROAD SURFACE CATCH BASINS MANHOLE CROSS CULVERT DRIVEWAY PIPE CROSS CULVERT ROAD SURFACE STREAM FLOW CONTROL STUCTURE STREAM FLOW 6 5 4 8 1 2 7 3 RETENTION/ DETENTION POND RETENTION/ DETENTION POND SWALE Typical Row Structure Figure 3 STREAM CROSSING Probable BMP Locations Where water leaves the ROW Prior to water crossing the roadway Upstream and of stream crossing Prior to water entering the detention facility Cleaning of structures and oil water separators Prior to water entering the enclosed system Along ditches to collect siltation Wherever water leaves ROW into sensitive areas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Legend Right-Of-Way Open Drainage Enclosed Drainage Direction of Flow ---PAGE BREAK--- xv POWER PHONE SEWER WATER NATURAL GAS CABLE TV/TELECOM ROW ROW SECTION A-A OPEN DRAINAGE SYSTEM Figure 4 Gravel Shoulders Base Course Pavement Surface Ditch Inslope Ditch CL SECTION B-B ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM Figure 5 UTILITIES NATURAL GAS CABLE TV/TELECOM WATER POWER PHONE ROW UTILITIES Base Course Pavement Surface Catch Basins Raised Edge Cross Pipe CL ROW SEWER Note: Utilities can be present as crossings within the right-of-way ---PAGE BREAK--- xvi CABLE TV SECTION C-C RETENTION/DETENTION FACILITY Figure 6 SECTION D-D STREAM CROSSING ROAD Figure 7 Manhole & Oil/Water Separator Fence Fence Water Level Manhole & Control Structure From Street To Stream ROW ROW NATURAL GAS WATER SEWER PHONE POWER UTILITIES CL Pavement Surface Cross Pipe Gravel Shoulders Base Course Pipe Bedding Protective Armoring (Rip-Rap) Stream Flow Line ---PAGE BREAK--- PART 1 Regional Program Elements ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.3 Part 1 Regional Program Elements Contents Introduction to Program 1.5 Program Element 1: Regional Forum 1.7 Program Element 2: Program Review and Approval 1.10 Program Element 3: Training 1.15 Program Element 4: Compliance Monitoring 1.18 Program Element 5: Scientific Research 1.21 Program Element 6: Adaptive 1.22 Program Element 7: Emergency Response 1.29 Program Element 8: Biological Data Collection 1.31 Program Element 9: Biennial Reports 1.32 Program Element 10: BMPs and Conservation 1.33 How to Use BMP Portions of Maintenance Categories Roadway Surface 1.45 Enclosed Drainage Systems 1.49 Cleaning Enclosed Drainage 1.54 Open Drainage Systems 1.57 Watercourses And Streams 1.62 Stream 1.67 Gravel Shoulders 1.72 Street Surface 1.76 Bridge Maintenance 1.79 #10: Snow And Ice Control 1.83 #11: Emergency Slide/Washout Repair 1.86 #12: Concrete 1.90 #13: Sewer Systems 1.93 #14: Water Systems 1.97 #15: 1.101 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.4 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.5 T here are ten program elements in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Those agencies seeking coverage under the 4(d) Rule must comply with each of these program elements: Element 1. Regional Forum: A Regional Forum has been created from participating agencies. The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for program discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. Element 2. Program Review and Approval: The program review and approval process will require that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs (H&LP), Olympia Service Center, or Regional Forum will review each agency’s Part 3 Application to determine whether or not it includes all program elements. The Services will issue approval for each agency to receive a 4(d) take limit (NMFS), special 4(d) rule, and/or a take exemption (USFWS) to receive a reduction or elimination of the prohibition on take of threatened species (USFWS). Element 3. Training: Courses will include the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit activities, maintenance BMPs, and monitoring work activities. The WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, UW Transpeed, or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program in conjunction with the Regional Forum, will develop a curriculum for training maintenance employees in the implementation of the Regional Program. The curriculum may be taught by T2 instructors, WSDOT trainers or other trainers. Element 4. Compliance Monitoring: Compliance monitoring will take place at several levels: local agency supervisory staff, local agency permitting authorities and state, and federal permitting authorities evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. Each local agency will establish a formal compliance monitoring program for monitoring BMP implementation and any monitoring that is part of various research projects. IIntroduction to Program Elements 3 4 1 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.6 Element 5. Scientific Research: Case studies in the field, as well as literature research done by others, are included in this program element. The scientific research element will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs and update BMPs based on the latest technologies. Element 6. Adaptive Management: The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all ten elements of the Regional Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring elements are the basis for adaptive management. Element 7. Emergency Response: This element provides a framework under which agencies can operate during emergencies. Element 8. Biological Data Collection: This element includes habitat location information within the ROW and development of a process to train and alert staff where the Guidelines need to be utilized. Element 9. Biennial Reports: The Regional Forum will provide biennial (every two years) reports to the Services. Biennial Reports will include a review of the ten program elements, updates on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates on each program element. Element 10. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Conservation Outcomes: Under the Regional Program, BMPs and desired conservation outcomes have been developed for road maintenance activities. The Regional Forum will annually review and update the BMPs. Local agencies and the Services will review the changes the Regional Forum recommends for adoption. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAM ELEMENTS (continued) 6 7 8 9 10BMPs 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.7 Program Element 1: REGIONAL FORUM T he Regional Forum will provide a regional meeting in which information and experiences can be shared to improve the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Each agency seeking a limit, reduction, or elimination of the take prohibition by means of this Regional Program, will participate in the Regional Forum. The role of the Regional Forum is the sharing of information. Participating agencies will report to the Regional Forum experiences in program implementation, including, but not limited to, the following: • Hands-on crew experiences with various BMPs under various conditions. • Discovery of new products or BMP inventions and applications. • Results of scientific research and case studies. • Feedback on training. REGIONAL FORUM MEMBERS Regional Forum members shall have road maintenance knowledge and technical expertise to address Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program issues, as well as the authority to implement program changes. It is understood that program expansions or new program initiatives will have to go through each agency’s budget approval process as well as review and approval by the Services. Using the adaptive management process, the Regional Forum will recommend program changes. Program modifications that could affect an individual agency’s policies, budget, or level of road maintenance service will be taken back to the agency’s policy makers for review and approval. To ensure that policy and budget issues are adequately addressed in individual agencies, Regional Forum members must occupy positions in their own road maintenance organizations with the authority to formally request budget or policy initiatives within their respective agency. For overall changes to the Regional Program, the Regional Forum’s function is advisory. The final approval authority for individual agency budget changes resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. The Services will have final approval authority for changes to the Regional Program. If the Services raise no objections to program changes, the limit, reduction, or elimination of the take prohibition would then apply to the revised program. 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.8 Formal revisions to the Regional Program will be suggested on an as-needed basis, based upon review of adaptive management information. At a minimum, the overall program will be reviewed every two years. (See Program Element 9, Biennial Reports.) Once the Regional Program has been fully implemented in a particular agency, changes to the program will not necessarily (or even likely) result in changes to that agency’s policies or costs. The program is outcome based, allowing individual agencies to select from a menu of options to achieve the desired outcome. (See Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes.) ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The primary role of the Regional Forum is to share information, review, evaluate, and modify the Regional Program. The Regional Forum will engage in adaptive management to provide for ongoing review and to evaluate recommended program changes. The Regional Forum will meet on a quarterly basis, with additional meetings scheduled to address specific issues as needed. In the quarterly meetings, Adaptive Management reports from each agency will be reviewed and discussed. The Regional Forum will make recommendations on program revisions and changes to the BMPs. To assist Regional Forum members in the adaptive management process, agency environmental and engineering staff, as well as consultants, will be called upon as needed. Agency environmental staff, as well as consultants, will be used to evaluate data relating to this program (in particular BMPs and case studies). Technical staff will make recommendations that will be folded into the adaptive management process. The Regional Forum will produce a quarterly newsletter to be distributed to local agencies that participate in the Regional Forum, as well as the Services. The newsletter will also be made available to others and will serve the following functions: • Share information gathered from scientific research and case studies. • Troubleshoot BMPs based on a variety of field conditions. • Notify agencies of BMP training programs. • Notify agencies of future meetings. • Notify agencies of changes to the Regional Program. regional forum 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.9 COMMITTEES Technical committees will be (or have been) formed as needed to develop and implement detailed work programs for specific Regional Program elements. The committees will be formed from the members of the Regional Forum, or their appointees, and will be under the direction of the Regional Forum. The following committees have been formed: 1. Program Review and Approval. 2. Regional Program Training. (This committee has an aggressive work program for developing and implementing a statewide training program.) 3. Compliance Monitoring. 4. Scientific Research and Case Studies. 5. Interdisciplinary 4(d) Coordination. 6. Part 3 Framework. 7. Stormwater. 8. Biological Review. 9. Interagency. The committees will identify key decision points in each program. They will schedule Regional Forum briefings and committee meetings as needed. The Services will be notified and given a comment and approval period prior to any program changes. regional forum 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.10 Program Element 2: PROGRAM REVIEW AND APPROVAL A gencies seeking a take limit from NMFS, a special 4(d) rule and/or a Section 7 exemption to receive a reduction or elimination of the prohibition on take of threatened species from USFWS must comply with the ten Regional Program elements. The ten program elements provide the basic umbrella for a Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Each agency will implement its own Part 3 Application within the framework of the Regional Program, according to its own organizational structure, resources, and labor contracts. PROCEDURES FOR PART 3 APPLICATION BY LOCAL AGENCIES Each agency desiring a limit, reduction, or elimination of the take prohibition on threatened species for its routine road maintenance activities prepares a Part 3 Application. The Part 3 Application is the plug-and-play component of the Regional Program and allows an agency to “plug” into the Services-approved Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application is therefore a commitment that an agency will implement Parts 1 and 2 of the program. The Part 3 Application is presented in Part 3 of the Guidelines. The application contains the following four sections: • Section 1: Letter of Commitment. This section is a letter of commitment requesting the Services to approve plug-and-play for an agency to use Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) rule, special 4(d) rule, and/or section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of a biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 2: Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2. This section contains the ten program elements in the Regional Program. Agencies must commit to complying with all Regional Program elements at both the regional and local levels to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) rule, special 4(d) rule, and/or section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of a biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 3: General Procedures. This section contains the general procedures of an agency. It outlines organizational structure and agency processes for maintenance selection, BMP selection and implementation, checklists, and adaptive management. • Section 4: Exceptions from Regional Program. This section contains any exceptions from the Regional Program including the following: 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.11 - Any agency programs not included in the Regional Program. - Any deviations. - Any additional maintenance categories not listed in Part 1 of the Guidelines. - Checklist process(es) if they differ from those in the Guidelines. - Any additions or changes outside of the Guidelines. The Regional Forum has developed a Program Review and Approval Committee to help agencies through the Part 3 Application process. The Services determine final approval of the Part 3 Application. Regional Forum and WSDOT HL&P review are advisory only. The final approval authority for an individual agency resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. Figure 8 shows the steps that an agency will need to follow to submit their Part 3 Application under the Regional Program. As an agency prepares its Part 3 Application, the agency may seek advice and assistance from the Regional Forum. The agency may also submit its Part 3 Application to the Review and Approval Committee for preliminary review. The agency’s Part 3 Application will be referred to H&LP or the Regional Forum to review it for consistency with the Regional Program. If the Part 3 Application complies with the Regional Program, H&LP or the Regional Forum submits the Part 3 Application to the Services for final approval of the program. The flowchart on the following page (Figure 8) shows the requirement that exceptions contained in Section 4 of the Part 3 Application will be evaluated by the Services to determine if a separate, agency-specific biological review is required. The Regional Program provides a framework for development, review, and submittal processes for Part 3 Application. Agencies should contact the Regional Forum for assistance reviewing the Regional Program and understanding it before starting their Part 3 Application process. (A training course, “ESA 100 Briefing for Decision Makers,” includes this program review.) program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.12 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 Continued on Next Page Contact Regional Forum Agency Prepares and May Submit to Regional Forum* Part 3 Application Agency Incorporates Comments Agency Submits Application Application Reviewed for Program Consistency and Submitted to Services Yes No Sufficient? Yes No Compliance? program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.13 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 continued Yes No Services Evaluate Compliance? Biological Review and/or Assessment Required? No Services Grant Approval Yes Full Compliance with Regional Program Services Review Exceptions Exceptions Negotiated on Individual Agency Basis Services Grant Approval Yes No Services Approval Process Part 3 Denied Part 3 Denied Agency Prepares Biological Review and/or Assessment of Exceptions Program Exceptions Acceptable? program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.14 The Review and Approval Committee can assist agencies in developing their Part 3 Application. The Committee will review a Part 3 Application and answer agency questions about the Part 3 framework. The Part 3 Application, when completed by the agency, may be reviewed by the Regional Forum or the WSDOT Highways and Local Program (H&LP) review process. WSDOT will review the Part 3 Application to ensure it is complete and includes all four sections. If the application is in compliance, WSDOT will pass it on to the Services with a letter of compliance. For more detail on WSDOT H&LP’s role in screening Part 3 Applications see Appendix B. DISPUTE RESOLUTION Dispute resolution is available for applications that are incomplete or inconsistent with the framework for Part 3. WSDOT H&LP will return the application to the agency with a letter of deficiencies for correction. While an agency may elect to pass the application onto the Services, the letter of deficiencies must be included for the Services’ review and approval. The Services determine final approval of the application. The Regional Forum and H&LP review are advisory only. The final approval authority for an individual agency resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. If upon review of an individual agency’s Part 3 Application, H&LP determines an application is not in compliance with the Guidelines. H&LP will provide a detailed description of Part 3 Application deficiencies to the applicant agency. If the applicant agency is unable to resolve the deficiencies to the satisfaction of H&LP, the agency has two options: 1. The applicant agency may elect not to submit a Part 3 Application to the Services. In such case, H&LP will not forward the Part 3 Application to the Services and will return all documentation to the applicant. 2. The applicant agency can request that H&LP submit the Part 3 Application to the Services. Any such submittal shall contain a detailed description of deficiencies as identified by H&LP, as well as a cover letter from the applicant agency stating their case. The final decision to approve an individual agency’s Part 3 Application rests with the Services. program review and approval 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.15 3 Program Element 3: TRAINING T raining is one of the most critical elements of the Regional Program. Training will initially focus on the BMPs to ensure crews, supervisors, engineers, and environmental staff are appropriately trained to effectively implement BMPs. New employees who have a role in implementing the Regional Program will be trained in areas for which they are responsible. The two primary goals of training are to ensure staff 1) understand the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program, and 2) are aware of their roles and responsibilities for field work, technical support, permits, and implementation. Training will be conducted with an adaptive management philosophy. That means future needs are addressed as questions and issues arise during program implementation. WSDOT H&LP administers a statewide transportation management, engineering, operations, and road maintenance training program. Regional Program training will be folded into the existing WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, UW Transpeed, or WSDOT Training Program in conjunction with the Regional Forum Training Program. A Regional Program Training Committee has been formed and reached agreement with T2 staff on roles and responsibilities. Training will be accomplished with both classroom and “train-the-trainer” sessions. The sessions will be developed and presented by either T2 Center instructors, WSDOT Trainers or agency staff (who have received the appropriate train-the-trainer training). Training will often be customized for the target audience and take advantage of course materials developed for this program. PURPOSE The following is the purpose the Regional Program training: • Provide training to key road maintenance personnel involved with making decisions, designing, constructing, or maintaining facilities impacted by ESA. • Develop and provide a consistent, comprehensive training curriculum. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.16 GOALS The following are the goals of the Regional Program training: • Meet various regional members training needs. • Provide “train-the-trainer” training. • Provide training that will adapt to changing technologies, training methods, and feedback from trainees. • Include oversight techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. • Make training available to private contractors through T2. TRAINING WORK PLAN The Regional Program Training Committee is working with T2 to develop training consistent with the Guidelines. The committee has been tasked with the following: • Develop detailed work program (purpose, goals, schedule, key points for Regional Forum review). • Develop training curriculum (to be approved by Regional Forum). • Develop agreement outlining T2 and Regional Program Training Committee roles and responsibilities (to be approved by the Regional Forum). • Project estimated number of participants (by work classification) expected to attend the various training sessions. • Identify topics by course, staff classification and frequency. • Brief Regional Forum and obtain approval at key decision points. These briefings should also highlight program challenges and successes. • Assign leadership for specific subject areas to specific agencies (subject to Regional Forum approval). TRAINING CURRICULUM Four tracks are provided in the Regional Program curriculum. Each agency’s training program will require key staff to attend the appropriate courses as outlined in Figure 9 on the following page: 3 t r a i n i n g ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.17 3 t r a i n i n g FOUR ESA TRAINING TRACKS The ESA Training Plan has been grouped into four separate tracks: Briefing for decision makers; a training course addressing maintenance design and technical staff procedures involved in roadway maintenance activities; a training course addressing field crew practices involved in roadway maintenance activities; and a course to train agency level trainers in training skills applicable to the ESA training program. These trainers are selected by their agencies for this training after completion of track 2 and 3. WSDOT’s training program is a separate program that has combined the ESA training elements into its existing training.. Track 1: Briefing for Decision Makers An overview of the ESA program for regional level management and administration. This is a stand-alone training class and not part of the required training program and is offered by members of the Regional Road Maintenance Forum. Track 2: Introduction, Design and BMPs, and Environmental Roles for Technical and Scientific Staff 2 days. This course is a combination of the various procedures for technical, professional and environmental staff, supervisors and leads involved in maintenance activities. The track is an overview addressing: introduction to the Guidelines, design, habitat, ten program elements and maintenance BMPs to meet RRMP requirements. Track 3: Introduction and Outcome-based Road Maintenance 1 day. This course is a combination of the various procedures for field crews and leads involved in maintenance activities. The track is an overview addressing: introduction to the Guidelines, design, habitat, environmental roles, ten program elements and implementation of maintenance BMPs to meet RRMP requirements. Track 4: Train-the-Trainer for The Regional Road Maintenance Program 2 days. For agency-selected ESA trainers. This is the training track to train skills and techniques, evaluate, prepare, and certify candidates to teach the RRMP classroom (Tracks 2 and 3) and field demonstrations for BMP installations. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.18 Program Element 4: COMPLIANCE MONITORING U nder the Regional Program, the basic components of the umbrella compliance monitoring program include planning, performance assessments, outcome assessments, and daily inspections. Crews, supervisors, environmental staff, and regulatory agencies may perform inspections. A combination of maintenance and environmental staff will do compliance monitoring in each agency. Each local agency will establish a compliance program for monitoring BMP outcomes and monitoring that takes place as part of various research projects (see Program Element 5, Scientific Research). PLANNING Roadway maintenance personnel (managers, supervisors and crew leads) will meet regularly with their respective environmental personnel to identify upcoming maintenance activities. Permits, BMPs, in-water work windows, and environmental issues will be discussed at this meeting. Activities will also be identified for which the environmental personnel will work with maintenance personnel at a job site to assess the extent and effectiveness with which BMPs are implemented. These meetings will serve as a baseline upon which maintenance and environmental personnel communicate more routinely on environmental issues throughout the year. PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS To help assess the adequacy of BMPs, environmental staff will accompany maintenance personnel in the field during selected maintenance activities. Activities for which environmental performance will be assessed will be selected during the planning meetings referenced above. Selected activities will be those that have the highest level of risk for adversely impacting fish or aquatic habitat. Examples of such activities include in-water work, stream bank stabilization, and bridge pier scour repair. A BMP/Outcome Categories matrix has been developed for specific maintenance activities and circumstances in which BMPs should be implemented. (See Figure 13 or Appendix C for the BMP Outcome Category matrix.) Sample checklists have been provided in Part 1 and Appendix D of the Guidelines to assist in selecting and implementing BMPs. Agencies may elect to tailor checklists to meet their specific protocols. Any modifications to the checklists will be included in the agency’s Part 3 Application submitted to WSDOT under Program Element 2, Program Review and Approval. (See 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.19 Figures 14 through 16 or Appendix D for the checklists.) In the event a problem occurs in BMP use, corrective actions appropriate to the circumstances will be implemented. Corrective actions may include additional training, providing improved information to maintenance personnel, and modification of BMPs. BMPs will be modified according to the agency’s adaptive management process as described in Program Element 6, Adaptive Management. Periodically, the Services may evaluate an approved program for its effectiveness in maintaining and achieving program implementation that provides for the conservation of the listed salmonids. Whenever warranted, the Services will identify to an agency ways in which the program needs to be altered or strengthened. If any agency does not change to respond adequately to the new information in the shortest amount of time feasible, but not longer than one year, the Services will publish notification in the Federal Register, announcing their intention to withdraw the take limit (NMFS), special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption, to remove the reduction or elimination of the take prohibition (USFWS). In this case the take prohibitions would then apply. Such announcement will provide for a comment period of no less than 30 days after which the Services will make a final determination whether to subject the activities to the ESA Section 9 prohibitions. OUTCOME ASSESSMENTS The outcomes or results from BMP practices, as they relate to the BMPs in Parts 1 or 2 of the Regional Program, will continue to be measured as part of road maintenance assessment efforts. Water quality will be monitored as needed for maintenance activities, where such outcome measurements are needed, to assure that aquatic habitat is not being adversely impacted. COORDINATION WITH RESOURCE AGENCIES Communication with the appropriate government resource agencies (i.e. NMFS, USFWS, WDFW) is an integral part of the Regional Program. Some permits (such as Hydraulic Project Approval [HPA] permits) require various types of communication between roadway maintenance and the appropriate resource agency regarding compliance with permit conditions. Examples include project-specific notifications, project-specific consultation prior to the commencement of permitted work, as well as day-to-day interagency compliance monitoring 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.20 compliance monitoring 4 coordination and communication. This type of communication has been, and will continue to be, an integral component of roadway maintenance efforts to meet our responsibilities in a proactive manner. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.21 Program Element 5: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The Regional Forum has committed to two types of scientific research program elements. The research will serve to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs, and update the BMPs based on the latest technologies. • Literature Research: The search for completed studies and existing literature will be ongoing. Information will be shared with the Regional Forum and, where applicable, recommended program changes will be tested. • Case Studies: Scientific analysis of specific BMPs will be conducted at test sites throughout the region. Rather than each agency individually conducting research and case studies, members of the Regional Forum will recommend a regional scientific research committee. The Scientific Research and Case Studies Committee will lead this program element. Each agency seeking a take limit from NMFS special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption to receive a reduction or elimination of the take prohibition from USFWS under this Regional Program must participate in this regional effort. The research will serve to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs, and update BMPs based on the latest technologies. Some agencies began case study work in 1999: • King County is conducting case studies on ditch maintenance BMPs. • Pierce County is evaluating various, non-herbicidal methods of roadside vegetation control. This is an ongoing evaluation to monitor impacts over time. • The City of Seattle recently completed a study evaluating the effects of chip sealing on a nearby water body (Bitter Lake). 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.22 Program Element 6: ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT T he science of salmonid recovery is evolving. Actions required under the Regional Program may need to be modified as knowledge gaps are filled over time. Adaptive management will serve as a formalized process to ensure that new information is incorporated into decisions and actions affecting salmonid recovery. In nearly all cases, conducting maintenance activities in compliance with the Regional Program contributes to conservation of the species. The Regional Program recognizes the potential for problems to occur during the course of maintenance activities, and has an adaptive management process that will address these concerns. The adaptive management process allows for local agencies as well as the Regional Forum to learn from experience in the field and scientific research to improve the program over time. Thus, conservation outcomes are achieved and the slight risk of adverse impacts avoided or minimized. It will be necessary to monitor and assess how well implementation of the Guidelines achieves the goals of the program. Adaptive management will provide a systematic process for gathering and analyzing information to develop and implement alternatives that correct unproductive BMPs. Implementing effective adaptive management will assure progress is made toward achieving regional road maintenance outcome-based goals. The concepts, elements, and principles described in the Regional Program are designed to assist in developing effective adaptive management and monitoring programs that result in the following outcomes: • An adaptive management philosophy is one that is clearly defined, predictable, and can be understood. • Relevant information is gathered, using appropriate quality controls, and is coordinated to evaluate road maintenance BMP decisions and actions as it pertains to the implementation of Regional Program BMPs. • Program review occurs on predetermined timelines to ensure continual progress toward program goals and objectives. 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.23 COMPONENTS OF ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT The following are the three basic components of the Adaptive Management Program Element: • Compliance Monitoring. • Effectiveness Monitoring. • Changes to the Regional Program. Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring is done to ensure agencies are implementing the Regional Program. Monitoring BMPs is a key component. Implementation of BMPs and all ten program elements will also be monitored. Effectiveness Monitoring The focus of effectiveness monitoring is BMP implementation to determine if BMPs are accomplishing Regional Program objectives. This monitoring will be accomplished through scientific research and case studies. The effectiveness of all other Regional Program elements will be monitored as well. Effectiveness monitoring of BMPs will be conducted to measure whether specific BMPs are achieving specified objectives. The type of work most often undertaken in aquatic habitat areas will guide BMP selection. Changes to the Regional Program The Regional Forum will engage in adaptive management to provide for ongoing Regional Program review and will evaluate and recommend program changes to the Services. Program expansions or new program initiatives will have to go through each agency’s budget approval process as well as review and approval by the Services. Using the adaptive management philosophy, the members of the Regional Forum will recommend program changes. Program modifications that could affect an individual agency’s policies, budget, or level of road maintenance service will be taken back to agency policy makers for review and approval. To ensure that policy and budget issues are adequately addressed in individual agencies, Regional Forum members must occupy positions in their own road maintenance organizations with the authority to formally request budget or policy initiatives. 6 adaptive management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.24 6 adaptive management For overall changes to the Regional Program, the function of the Regional Forum is advisory. The final approval authority for individual agency budget changes resides with the executive and legislative branches of participating local governments. The Services will have final approval authority for changes to the Regional Program. It is assumed that, if the Services raise no objections to program changes, the take limitation (NMFS), special 4(d) rule and/or Section 7 take exemption to receive a reduction or elimination of the take prohibition (USFWS), would then apply to the revised program. AVOIDING OR MINIMIZING ADVERSE IMPACTS The overall impact of the Regional Program is to contribute to the conservation of listed aquatic species, while performing road maintenance activities. Although the risk of take from road maintenance is slight and likely to occur on a one-time or infrequent basis, the Regional Program recognizes that risk and has built in a method to correct for errors or failures of BMPs. This corrective action is accomplished by combining various other program elements with Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes. These other elements—Compliance Monitoring, Scientific Research, and Adaptive Management—all help to minimize the risk of take. As shown on Figure 10, Avoiding or Minimizing Adverse Impacts, these program elements form an integrated process of training, monitoring, and adaptive management that tracks the effectiveness of maintenance activity BMPs and alters that practice as needed (Figure 10): REGIONAL PROGRAM UPDATE PART 3 APPLICATION UPDATE MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY BMPs Avoiding or Minimizing Adverse Impacts Figure 10 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TRAINING MONITORING ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Local Agency Participation Local Regional ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.25 Training: The first step in minimizing the risk of take is through a training program. As training becomes available, crew members and supervisors will receive appropriate training from instructors who have been through the Train- the-Trainer course (see Program Element 3, Training). With appropriate training, field personnel will recognize problems with BMPs and potential habitat risks. Training provides the means of quickly responding to problems in the field to avoid or minimize habitat impact. Training will also be given to engineering and environmental support staff to ensure that potential technical problems are dealt with in the planning stages of projects that require design or environmental support. BMPs: In accordance with Program Element 10 (BMPs and Conservation Outcomes), and Part 2 of the Guidelines, BMPs will be used to achieve prescribed outcomes. The BMPs are designed to avoid or minimize adverse impacts, while achieving conservation outcomes. Monitoring: BMPs will be monitored for effectiveness during the course of maintenance activities. In cases where BMPs are needed after maintenance work is completed, monitoring will continue for those BMPs. If problems occur, actions such as correcting or adding BMPs will be taken to ensure that outcomes are met. Scientific Research: Scientific case studies and literature research will be conducted to ensure that BMPs achieve the desired outcomes. Based on these findings, recommendations to modify Part 1 or Part 2 of the Regional Program will be presented to the Regional Forum. Adaptive Management: Adaptive management will occur at the local, agency-specific, and regional levels. Local ESA teams and the Regional Forum will evaluate information gathered during the course of maintenance activities, BMP implementation, monitoring, and scientific research. Based on this evaluation, Part 3 Applications will be updated at the local level, and the Guidelines will be updated at the regional level. Program updates will be factored into the training program. 6 adaptive management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.26 AGENCY ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT During the course of road maintenance activities, countless combinations of conditions occur that affect BMP effectiveness. It is for this reason that the BMPs in the Regional Program are outcome-based. The outcome-based approach allows all staff—road crew supervisors, environmental staff, engineers, and others—to respond to changing conditions at the worksite to achieve specified BMP outcomes. In spite of the outcome-based approach, it is anticipated that there will be rare occasions when problems occur at the work site, reducing BMP effectiveness. When this occurs, agency adaptive management will be employed to avoid or minimize potential adverse impacts to habitat. There are three phases to the agency adaptive management process: • Pre-activity evaluation. • Maintenance activity. • Adaptive management. Pre-Activity Evaluation. Prior to starting work, the site is evaluated to determine appropriate maintenance activities and BMPs. Maintenance activities are selected to achieve the following dual goals: 1. Maintaining and repairing the ROW structure 2. Providing mitigation for the original construction of the ROW structure. BMPs are selected to achieve the outcomes prescribed in the Regional Program, thus avoiding or minimizing adverse impacts and contributing to habitat conservation. Maintenance Activity. Local ESA teams will be formed in each agency as defined in their Part 3 Application. Whenever corrective actions are taken, the local ESA team will evaluate the actions and their effectiveness. During the course of maintenance activities, BMPs are installed and monitored. BMP monitoring occurs both during and after the maintenance activity itself to evaluate the effectiveness. If a problem occurs, corrective action will be taken to avoid impacts and to achieve the BMP outcome. Usually, actions involve installing additional BMPs, which, in combination with the initial BMPs, will achieve the BMP outcome. 6 adaptive management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.27 In nearly all situations, it will be possible to correct problems as they arise. On rare occasions, however, adverse impacts could occur. In nearly all cases, these will be temporary impacts, lasting only until a combination of BMPs is installed to correct the problem. Adaptive Management. Based on the local ESA team’s evaluations, recommendations for modifications to Parts 1 or 2 of the Regional Program will be forwarded to the Regional Forum. The agency adaptive management process is shown on Figure 11. 6 adaptive management Agency Adaptive Management Figure 11 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY Pre-Activity Evaluation Evaluate • BMP Outcome • Conservation Outcome Maintenance Activity Maintenance Activity Conduct Work Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work Select BMP Take Action to Avoid Impacts (most of the time) Minimize if Unable to Completely Avoid Impacts (rare occasion) Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work If Problem Occurs Adaptive Management Recommend Modifications to Part 1 and or Part 2 of Guidelines Discuss at Local ESA Team Meeting Regional Forum • Install BMPs Pre-Activity Evaluation Maintenance Activity Adaptive Management 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.28 6 adaptive management REGIONAL ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Adaptive management is key to the success of the Regional Program. Adaptive management provides a means of improving conservation outcomes in three ways: 1.Improving site-specific outcomes at the local level 2.Improving the Regional Program at the regional level 3.Avoiding and minimizing potential adverse impacts by sharing information at the regional level. Recommendations from local ESA teams are evaluated in Regional Forum meetings. Additionally, Regional Forum members evaluate the result of local agency scientific research. Based on this evaluation, the Regional Forum produces recommended program changes, which are submitted to the Services for final review and approval. If the Services have questions or concerns, these are referred back to the Regional Forum for resolution. Final program changes, as approved by the Services, are used to update the Guidelines (Figure 12). Regional Adaptive Management Figure 12 Services • Review recommenda- tions from Regional Forum • Evaluate research • Evaluate significant site-specific adaptive management info Provide Information - Biennial Reports - Quarterly Newsletter • Place Services Concerns on Regional Forum Agenda • Resolve Services Concerns on Recommended Changes to Regional Program Regional Forum • Review/evaluate Local ESA Team Recommended • Recommend or Modify BMPs Local Agency • Results of site- specific Adaptive Management • Results of scientific research Update Guidelines recommended changes feedback 1 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.29 7 Program Element 7: EMERGENCY RESPONSE R oad maintenance organizations must respond immediately to any natural or human caused emergencies. Emergency response actions must be undertaken to minimize or avoid: • Imminent threat to public health or safety. • Imminent threat to danger to public or private property. • Imminent threat of serious environmental degradation. EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIONS Emergency response actions include, but are not limited to, fixing damage to roadways, roadsides, or ROW structures whenever an emergency occurs. Examples of emergency actions include fire response, spills, landslides, slumps, water, drainage, or sewer line repair and cleanup, utility line breaks, overflows of water reservoir facilities, stormwater facilities, sewer facilities, collection boxes, and other related facilities during operation or caused by high flow events, high precipitation events, flood events, snow and ice controls or other emergency conditions. These actions may or may not be technically defined as an emergency under Presidential declaration. However, failure to perform these activities may result in an imminent threat of serious environmental degradation, threat to public health or safety or damage to public or private property. UNSCHEDULED MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES Unanticipated repairs require action to be started within a few days or before the next wet weather season within the in-water window to protect fish. Therefore, there is not enough time to go through the normal permitting process and require expedited permits. However, if the danger becomes more immediate and regulations cannot be met, the applications should be treated as emergency actions. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INCIDENT RESPONSE Traffic accidents on roadways occasionally result in the release of hazardous materials to the environment. If the party(s) responsible for the hazardous materials release cannot be identified or made to contain and clean up the release, the Department of Ecology (Ecology) assumes these responsibilities. The role of road maintenance personnel is to manage traffic at incidents on roadways. This is conducted in support of the overall incident management ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.30 effort. Road maintenance personnel can also provide technical information (i.e. information on drainage system characteristics) in support of the incident response. However, trained maintenance personnel may take control actions when necessary and feasible to contain a release of petroleum products into surface waters. MINIMIZATION AND AVOIDANCE • Emergency response and inspection followed by notification of the appropriate resources in a timely manner. • Develop a phone tree for resource contacts to be called during an emergency response. • Where possible, emergency maintenance will use the same BMPs as routine maintenance activities to avoid additional impacts to wetlands, watercourses or streams. • Emergency maintenance will provide, where possible, adequate erosion control or bank stabilization around watercourses. Where appropriate, permit processing will begin as soon as the emergency situation has been stabilized. 7 emergency response ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.31 8 Program Element 8: Biological Data Collection E xisting ROW structures are linear and tend to have small-scale and minor site-specific points of impact. For that reason, the following biological data will be gathered in the ROW: • Identification of aquatic habitat resources within ROW. • ROW aquatic habitat location to make BMP decisions. • Train and alert staff where to apply the guidelines. Knowing the location of aquatic habitat within the ROW and using BMPs during maintenance activities in these areas will have a positive impact on aquatic habitat. Element 8, Biological Data Collection, is the key to providing road maintenance staff with ROW aquatic habitat location information so that they can make appropriate BMP decisions. Under the biological data collection program element, agencies will develop processes to train and alert staff where the Guidelines need to be applied. Training and location of where to apply guidelines may be accomplished by the use of maps, geographic information systems (GIS), site visits, or marking locations in the field. Some agencies currently have information on aquatic habitat resource locations. Once an initial aquatic habitat identification has been completed, ongoing updates will be made to address changing conditions. An agency will be considered in compliance with the Regional Program as long as there is a biological data collection process in place. This data will be collected in the road ROW structure and used to evaluate the use of BMPs. The data collected and the results of this adaptive management process will be made available for project prioritization, biological assessments, and future planning. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.32 Program Element 9: BIENNIAL REPORTS T he Regional Forum will submit biennial reports to the Services on the status of all ten elements of the Regional Program. At a minimum, the reports will include the following: • Status reports and updates on each program element. • Training program, review and updates. • Review of scientific research. • Implementation review. • Adaptive Management reports, including recommended changes to the Guidelines. In addition to the formal reports, the Services will be provided copies of a quarterly newsletter. The biennial report will be provided to others upon request. 9 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.33 10BMPs Program Element 10: BMPS AND CONSERVATION OUTCOMES REGIONAL PROGRAM BMPS T he Regional Program BMPs were developed with the idea that they must be outcome based. Rather than providing a “cookbook recipe” approach to BMPs, the Regional Program BMPs focus on the following outcomes: • Minimize erosion/sedimentation. • Contain pollutants. • Maximize habitat improvements. The Guidelines provide many options for achieving the outcomes identified in this program element, as well as the outcomes identified in Part 2, Best Management Practices. BMPs will be selected based on worksite conditions. The Regional Forum clearly recognizes the difficulties encountered when implementing BMPs. Conditions vary dramatically from site to site based on many factors: • Soils/geological conditions. • Stream/surface water hydrology. • Groundwater conditions. • Presence of utility lines or structures. • Vegetation. • Resource availability. • Regulatory requirements (i.e. permit requirements). • Legal requirements (such as safety standards, regulations). • Terrain. • Space available in ROW. The menu of options provided in the Regional Program allows crews, supervisors, design engineers, and environmental staff the flexibility to select the most efficient BMPs for each site. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Flexibility in selecting BMPs depending on site conditions is an absolute necessity for successful implementation of the Regional Program. The Regional Forum will develop a training program for supervisory personnel and crews. The training will provide individuals with background information to ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.34 recognize when environmental staff needs to be consulted regarding BMPs and when BMPs should be used. Each agency will develop and implement a maintenance activity decision process flowchart, indicating the key points at which environmental staff will be consulted. The training will be coupled with outcome monitoring to implement BMPs that are appropriately and effectively installed. HOW TO USE THE BMP PORTIONS OF THE GUIDELINES The success of the BMP portions of the Guidelines depends on understanding that the purpose of the Regional Program BMPs is to: • Minimize erosion and sedimentation as a result of road maintenance activities or tasks. • Contain pollutants generated from maintenance activities. • Identify and maximize opportunities for implementing habitat protection and maintenance features. Installing a BMP may not always meet all of the above purposes. The work site and BMPs must be monitored and maintained properly. If BMPs do not produce the desired outcomes, those BMPs may require modification or the use of additional BMPs. READ THE GUIDELINES It is important to read the entire Guidelines to gain a basic understanding of how BMPs can be useful in daily operations. Part 1, Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes and Part 2, Best Management Practices, are to be used in tandem to perform maintenance activities and implement BMPs. Road maintenance activities have been divided into 15 Maintenance Categories presented as separate sections in Part 1, Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes: 1. Roadway Surface. 2. Enclosed Drainage Systems. 3. Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems. 4. Open Drainage Systems. 5. Watercourses and Streams. bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.35 6. Stream Crossings. 7. Gravel Shoulders. 8. Street Surface Cleaning. 9. Bridge Maintenance. 10. Snow and Ice Control. 11. Emergency Slide/Washout Repair. 12. Concrete. 13. Sewer Systems. 14. Water Systems 15. Vegetation. Each category includes activities, purpose, BMP outcomes, BMPs, and potential conservation outcomes. Some of the Part 1 BMPs are routine, while others require more detailed information. Those BMPs requiring more information are included in Part 2 in alphabetical order. IDENTIFY CONSERVATION OUTCOMES While developing these Guidelines, the Regional Forum identified “conservation outcomes” that could be achieved while performing road maintenance activities. Potential conservation outcomes are identified for each maintenance category. These conservation outcomes are the result of using BMPs to conserve aquatic species. SELECT BMP OUTCOME CATEGORIES When reviewing a proposed maintenance or construction activity, it is important to have some basic understanding of erosion and sediment control. It is easier and more effective to reduce soil particles and contaminants from becoming waterborne or airborne (entering or mixing with the water) than to separate them after they have mixed. To help select the appropriate BMP for your specific application, the BMPs in Part 2 have been grouped into eight site- specific BMP Outcome Categories: 1. Keep Water from Work Area. 2. Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion. 3. Filter/Perimeter Protection. 10BMPs bmps and conservation outcomes ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.36 4. Settling. 5. Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces. 6. Containment. 7. Habitat Protection/Maintenance. 8. Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water. Part 2 presents more detailed information on the Outcome Categories, including the following: • Definition. • Desired Outcome. • Applications. • Limitations. • Permit Conditions. • BMP Options. Part 2 also presents each site-specific BMP alphabetically. The Part 2 BMPs include a description, including a statement on its purpose, applications, limitations, construction guidelines, maintenance and removal. Many photos and illustrations are also provided. The BMP Outcome Categories matrix shown on Figure 13 is a tool for selecting and using BMPs that meet the conservation outcomes of the Regional Program. Additional copies of the matrix are provided in Appendix C. bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.37 bmps and cons er vat ion out comes AQUA BARRIER 2.20 BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING 2.23 COFFERDAM 2.25 COIR FABRIC 2.28 COIR LOG 2.30 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.33 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.36 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.38 CONTINUOUS BERM 2.41 CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.44 DEWATERING 2.49 DIAPER NETTING 2.51 DITCH LINING 2.53 DIVERSION BERM 2.55 DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.57 DUST CONTROL 2.60 EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.62 FILTER FABRIC 2.64 GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.66 GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.70 HALF ROUND FILTER 2.71 HAND SEEDING 2.73 HYDROSEEDING 2.75 INLET PROTECTION 2.77 KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.84 LARGE WOODY MATERIAL 2.86 LIVE STAKING 2.91 MULCHING 2.95 PLASTIC COVERING 2.97 PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.99 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.38 RIP RAP 2.101 ROCK CHECK DAM 2.103 SANDBAG 2.107 SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.111 SILT FENCE 2.112 SILT MAT 2.115 SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK 2.117 SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.120 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.125 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.128 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.133 STRAW LOG 2.136 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION 2.139 STREAM BYPASS 2.140 STREAMBED GRAVEL 2.144 SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.146 SWEEPING 2.150 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.153 TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.156 TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.160 VACTORING 2.164 VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.166 WASHED ROCK 2.168 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 Continued 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.39 10BMPs bmps and conservation outcomes VISIT THE SITE Before starting an activity, conduct a site visit to gather information. Useful information includes the scope of activity, work area, potential staging and temporary storage areas, proximity to sensitive areas or drainage features, soil conditions, existing vegetation, and amount of onsite water. Other important information is the presence of slopes, traffic, and an initial assessment of BMP options. This information will be used for five basic purposes: 1. Plan the activity. 2. Identify maintenance/construction methods, sequence, and schedule. 3. Determine equipment and materials. 4. Select BMP or combination of BMPs. 5. Determine permit needs. SELECT AND IMPLEMENT A BMP OR COMBINATION OF BMPS There is no ideal or perfect BMP for each specific activity. Generally, a combination of BMPs is used to meet the desired outcome. The Guidelines aid in the BMP selection process. The following steps will help make a successful BMP selection and work activity: 1. Use the following sample checklists or develop and use your own checklist (Figures 14 through 16). 2. Become familiar with the Guidelines. 3. Identify the Maintenance Category(s) to be performed and BMP categories. 4. Define the activity, scope, and limits. 5. Conduct a site visit. 6. Review BMP options. 7. List those BMPs (from both Part 1 and Part 2) applicable to the Maintenance Category(s) and site conditions. 8. Select the BMP(s) that will meet the desired outcome. 9. Secure permits. 10. Prepare a construction or maintenance sequence and schedule. 11. Conduct a pre-maintenance/pre-construction meeting to review the activity, roles and responsibilities, and BMPs (installation, monitoring, maintenance, and removal). ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.40 12. Gather the necessary equipment and materials. 13. Implement the BMP(s) by following the Guidelines, permit conditions, or plans. 14. Ask for help (if required). USE THE CHECKLISTS The sample checklists on the following pages have been developed to guide your maintenance activities, including site visits and selecting and implementing BMPs (see Figures 14 through 16). These checklists are also provided in Appendix D. ASK FOR HELP Generally, follow your own agency’s Part 3 Application or protocols for assistance. Other agencies with membership in the Regional Forum may be able to offer additional assistance. See Appendix A for a list of Regional Forum contacts. bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.41 bmps and conservation outcomes 10BMPs ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Planning and Selection Sample Checklist #1 Figure 14 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support staff or 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMPs from Part 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand all permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward.. 11. Prepare construction/maintenance schedule, and/or sequence (Including installing, monitoring, maintaining, and removing BMP(s).) 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or pre- construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.42 bmps and conservation outcomes ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Pre-construction and Pre-maintenance Meeting Sample Checklist #2 Figure 15 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign-in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (Including installation, monitoring, maintaining, & removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies related to all aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.43 bmps and conservation outcomes Activity and bmp Installation, Monitoring, Maintaining and Removal Sample Checklist #3 Figure 16 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with the Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. 10BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.44 Activity and bmp Routine Part 1 Sample Checklist #4 Figure 17 Task Yes No 1. Make site visit before starting work 2. Define activity, scope, and limits 3. Review Part 1 BMPs • Permit needed • Scheduling considerations • Equipment maintenance • Disturbed soil • Waste material removed • Spill kit • Part 2 BMPs needed • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 4. Is environmental staff required? NO – continue maintenance YES – contact environmental staff for review 5. In water work • Stop work • Contact environmental staff for review • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 bmps and conservation outcomes ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.45 Maintenance Category ROADWAY SURFACE ACTIVITIES1 Repair, replace, install, or maintain roadway surfaces. Activities include the following: pothole and square cut patching; removing paved surface or roadway base; repairing roadway base; repaving; adding gravel or grading roads, access roads, or ROW surfaces; dust control; extending pavement edge; paving graveled shoulder; crack sealing; overlay; chip seal; resurfacing; pavement marking and traffic channelization; traffic control features. PURPOSE The roadway surface is part of the ROW structure. The slope of the road surface routes water and sediments off the roadway, to the shoulder, to an open drainage area or ditch or to an enclosed drainage system. Thus, the slope of the roadway surface is part of the water flow and sediment collection systems. These activities are performed to provide a safe roadway surface for the traveling public and to reduce further roadway deterioration or failure. Most patching and resurfacing activities occur from May to October. Potholes are repaired as they occur within established guidelines to reduce accidents, vehicle damage, and adverse environmental impacts. BMP OUTCOMES • Restore structure. • Minimize work site pollutants from maintenance/repair activities. • Restore or maintain surface water drainage. • Restore or maintain road surface/safety. • Reduce turbidity. • Reduce sediments from entering watercourses or streams. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.46 BMPs roadway surface Maintenance Category Roadway Surface BMPs Description Roadway Surface Perform repairs, replacement, and maintenance of roadway surface. Shoulder Work Maximize opportunities for shoulder work, which will increase infiltration or biofiltration. (See also Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders). Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or worksite pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion” • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: unworked for more than 2 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Disturbed Areas Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. Equipment/Tools Continued on next page • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.47 BMPs Description • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Material/Debris Disposal If area is swept with a pick-up sweeper, the material will be hauled out of the area to appropriate disposal site. Painting/Marking • Follow state and federal guidelines for handling paint and other traffic marking materials. • Stripe roadways in dry weather. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel Maintenance Category Roadway Surface (Continued) roadway surface BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.48 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Restore structure • Protect watercourse, stream and/or water body. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration. • Reduce runoff of dirt, debris, sediment, and petroleum products from maintenance activity to maintain water quality. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: roadway surface Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore sediment transport system to reduce loading to watercourses or streams. Remove or reduce sediment to protect watercourses or streams. Maintain or restore nutrient process by re- vegetating (at optimum time for successful revegetation) after disturbance. Repair/maintenance of road surface reduces water splashing off of roadway, which in turn reduces: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Erosion. • Performing maintenance activities. Reducing vehicle accidents: • Reduces risk of pollutants and debris entering aquatic habitat. • Reduces structural damage to watercourse or stream system. Reducing roadway or shoulder failure: • Reduces risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat watercourse or stream. • Open holes disturb road base/subgrade, which reduces erosion. Patching holes eliminates transport of sediment into drainage system and/or surface water. Maintenance can reduce adverse effects on shoulders, open and closed drainage systems, stream crossings, and offsite habitat. Using appropriate erosion/sediment control BMPs during construction/maintenance. Roadway Surface Maintenance Off-road damages from vehicles leaving road surface. • Structural damage to shoulders and ditches. • Spills. Re-vegetate disturbed soils ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.49 Maintenance Category ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replacement, installation, and maintenance tasks performed on enclosed drainage systems include the following: facilities, retention/detention facilities, pollution control devices, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, access roads; and inlets/outlets. Facilities can be located on ROW, public property, separate tracts, easements, or on private property. Facilities are designed according to current standards, and installed according to permit conditions. Purpose The enclosed drainage system is part of the ROW structure that routes water and sediments from roadways and surface structures through water and sediment collection systems to outlet areas. Enclosed drainage systems— which are used for water quality and quantity treatment—are designed to accumulate sediment over time. Because of limited storage capacity, this sediment should be removed to maintain treatment effectiveness and environmental protection. Therefore, the purpose of such maintenance includes one or more of the following: • Remove large quantities of sediment and debris from stormwater before it enters watercourses or streams. • Improve the roadway drainage system to efficiently remove, collect and convey water from the ROW to permit the maximum use of the roadway. • Reduce damage to roadway structures. • Protect the abutting property from damages. • Restore surface water drainage. • Ensure structural integrity. • Vegetation management. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Reduce sediment from entering watercourses or streams and aquatic habitat. • Minimize worksite pollutants from construction/repair area. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.50 • Restore or maintain water quality: - Remove debris. - Remove trash. - Remove yard waste. - Remove sediment. - Reduce turbidity. BMP See table on next page. enclosed drainage systems ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.51 enclosed drainage systems Maintenance Category Enclosed Drainage Systems BMPs Description Enclosed Drainage Systems Perform repair, replacement, and maintenance of enclosed drainage systems. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the following eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” and/or • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion.” Refer to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Disturbed Areas Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. Equipment/Tools Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools, and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. Continued on next page • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.52 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse, stream and/or water body. • Reduce work site pollutants to maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by cleaning and maintaining system. • System maintenance and repairs reduce pollutant transport from system breaks. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: enclosed drainage systems Maintenance Category Enclosed Drainage Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.53 enclosed drainage systems Repair, Replacement and Installation of Enclosed Drainage Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore functional components of the drainage system to trap and reduce sediment loading to watercourses or streams. The system includes, but is not limited to: • Catch basins. • Manholes. • Inlets. • Pipes. • Facilities. • Vaults. • Retention/detention facilities. • Pollution control devices. • Outlets. • Other types of pollutant collection/separation facilities. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by removing sediments and repairing structures. Reduce/Remove sediment and debris from drainage system. Trap and remove sediment and debris before it enters watercourses, streams or water bodies. Repair plugged lines, breaks, or blockages to reduce: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Offsite flooding and/or erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. • Debris loading. Performing repairs, implementing replacements, and installing systems. Reducing drainage system failure: • Reduces risk of enclosed system failure and resultant washout sediment and other pollutants and debris from entering aquatic habitat watercourses and/or streams. Providing proper in-system storage to: • Reduce peak flows. • Reduce offsite sediment transport. • Provide for silt collection system to reduce sediment loading to watercourse or stream. Cleaning and removing of large quantities of sediment and other debris before it reaches watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. Using erosion/sediment controls during construction/maintenance. Reducing flooding, erosion, and sediment from broken, or damaged, system by making repairs. Reducing sediment conveyance through drainage system by trapping and removal. Re-vegetate disturbed soils. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.54 Maintenance Category CLEANING ENCLOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Activities1 Removing debris, sediments, and liquids from enclosed drainage systems using a vacuum/flush truck (“Vactor”), by hand, or other mechanical means. Enclosed drainage systems include the following: facilities, retention/ detention facilities, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, access roads, pollution control devices and inlets. Enclosed drainage systems can be located on ROW, separate tracts, easements, or on private property. Purpose To clean and remove large quantities of sediments and/or other debris from drainage systems before entering watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. To ensure the enclosed drainage system efficiently removes, collects, and conveys water from the road ROW to permit the maximum use of the roadway. • To reduce damage to roadway structures. • To protect the abutting property from damages. • To maintain or restore surface water drainage. • To maintain or restore structural integrity. • To manage vegetation. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Improve water quality. • Minimize work site pollutants from leaving construction/repair area. • Reduce turbidity. • Restore surface water drainage. • Clean up and remove sediment from drainage system. • Minimize flooding from plugged system. • Reduce potential plugging of systems. • Reduce overflows/ flooding. • Reduce sediment and debris loading to watercourses, streams and other water bodies. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.55 cleaning enclosed drainage systems BMPs BMPs Description Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems Maintain drainage systems. Pre-Activity Equipment/Tools When using high-pressure flushing equipment, vacuum out solids to reduce sediment and turbidity from moving downgrade throughout the drainage system.. Maintenance Category Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems Use BMPs that include, but are not limited to: • Blocking facility outlet. • Using less water. • Blocking downgradient end of pipe. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools, and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. Continued on next page ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.56 BMPs Description Maintenance Category Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems (Continued) Remove and dispose of collected materials and liquids offsite Material/Debris Disposal Solid materials removed from the site will be taken to a disposal or recycling area Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent • Pad • Shovel. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.57 cleaning enclosed drainage systems Cleaning Enclosed Drainage Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore sediment collection process by removing sediments from: • Catch basins. • Maintenance holes. • Retention/detention facilities. • Pipes. • Inlets. • Vaults. • Other types of pollutant collection/separation facilities. Removing sediments and debris from drainage system as a source control measure. Routine cleaning to reduce drainage system failure due to debris or sediment blockages: • Reduce risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat. • Reduce vehicle accidents. • Reduce pollutants from vehicle accidents. Providing proper in-system storage to: • Reduce peak flows. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by cleaning system. Trap and remove sediment and other debris before it enters watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. Remove blockages or plugs to reduce: • Turbidity. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. Cleaning and removing sediment and debris before it reaches watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Reduce flooding. • Reduce offsite sediment transport. • Maximize pollutant collection capabilities. POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Reduce worksite pollutants to maintain water quality. • Protect watercourse, stream and/or water body. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by removing sediments. • Reduce sediment transport from system breaks by cleaning. • Cleaning system reduces sediment and debris transport to watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.58 Maintenance Category OPEN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replacement, installation and maintenance tasks performed on open drainage systems. These systems include facilities, retention/detention facilities, swales, pollution control devices, manholes, catch basins, vaults, pipes, culverts, ditches, and inlets/outlets. (Open drainage systems that are part of the watercourses and streams system are covered in Maintenance Category 5, Watercourses and Streams.) Open drainage systems include stormwater conveyance systems that were created entirely by artificial means, such as roadside ditches and storm or surface water runoff facilities. These structures are not watercourses, streams or wetlands. Open drainage systems can be located within the road ROW, on easements, tracts, public property or on private property. PURPOSE • Maintenance tasks performed on open drainage systems include, but are not limited to, activities such as the following: - Cleaning. - Reshaping/regrading. - Erosion control/bank stabilization of drainage system. - Vegetation management. - Removing debris, trash, yard waste, sediment. - Repairing structures. • Open drainage systems are part of the ROW structure that routes water and sediment from roadways or surface structures to outlet areas. The system allows sediments to separate and settle from the water flow, a process that cleans and removes large quantities of sediments out of stormwater systems. • Maintaining open drainage systems includes activities to preserve line and grade, depth and cross section, and inflow and outflow of culverts. Open systems should be kept free of trash, debris, sediment and vegetation that restricts or constricts the open drainage system (in compliance with federal and state regulations). 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.59 • Roadside ditches generally consist of inslopes, a ditch, and back slopes (see Figure 4, Open Drainage System, under “Right of Way Structure,” in the Introduction). The inslopes can be vegetated with grass or small forbs. Small trees and brush may be allowed outside of the back slope of ditches (in compliance with federal and state regulations). • Roadside ditch maintenance operations are performed when sediment, debris, or vegetation in a ditch impedes flows or storage of water and sediments to a point where safety or structural integrity of the roadway system is jeopardized. Maintenance of roadside ditches improve properly functioning systems, which can reduce: - Sheet flow of surface water across the roadway, which creates slope erosion. - Hazardous driving conditions, particularly during cold weather. - Roadway washouts during storm events. - Flooding of adjacent property. - Saturation of the road sub-base. - Large quantities of sediment transported to watercourses or streams. BMP Outcomes • Maintain and restore water quality by cleaning ditches or structures. • Maintain or restore structure. • Minimize sediment or debris from leaving construction/repair area. • Maintain or restore surface water drainage and storage. • Maintain or restore sediment storage capacity. • Reduce flooding from plugging of system/reduced storage area. • Keep structure clear of debris, trash, and yard waste. • Reduce sediments and debris from entering watercourses or streams. • Reduce sediment conveyance through drainage system by trapping and removal. • Leave vegetated sections in ditch where sediment buildup has not impeded flow or infiltration. open drainage systems ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.60 BMPs open drainage systems Maintenance Category Open Drainage Systems BMPs Description Open Drainage Systems Maintain drainage systems. Permits Maintenance activities within waters of the state will be covered under Maintenance Category Watercourses and Streams. Scheduling Plan and schedule work in dry conditions, except in emergency situations Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion,” • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Leave vegetative buffer outside of work zone to provide biofiltration and shading outside of the back slope of ditch. Leave vegetative buffer of grasses and small forbs between the shoulder and ditch if the area is wide enough. Leave vegetated sections of grasses and small forbs in ditchline, where sediment buildup does not impede flow or infiltration. Disturbed Areas After removal of sediments from ditch line, replant disturbed soils with grasses and small forbs. Equipment/Tools • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: Continued on next page Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.61 open drainage systems Maintenance Category Open Drainage Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page Remove and dispose of collected materials and liquids offsite Material/Debris Disposal Solid materials removed from the site will be taken to a disposal or recycling area Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. the storm drain system. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.62 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect downgrade habitat by removing sediment. • Protect water quality. • Reduce work site pollutant runoff to watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of discharge by removing sediment loading from drainage system. • Maintain or restore storage area of sediment and other pollutants. • Remove sediment from system. • Vegetation management. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: open drainage systems Maintaining Open Drainage Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Open drainage system maintenance activities reduce the potential for sediment and debris from reaching watercourses or streams. Maintain or restore water quality by removal of sediment and other pollutants. Revegetation provides biofiltration, shading and bank stabilization. Maintain or restore sediment collection process by removal of excess sediment. This maintenance activity reduces the potential for sediment to reach downgrade fish habitat. Control flow volumes and velocities by removing sediment and repairing structures. Performing maintenance, repair, and upkeep of system. Reducing drainage system failure. Reducing risk of sediment from roadway/shoulder failure from entering aquatic habitat. Reducing erosion in unlined ditches by seeding ditch line. Increasing or improving biofiltration by seeding ditchline and disturbed soil. Maintaining or restoring velocities and peak flows by creating storage areas by cleaning ditches to reduce blockages. Providing erosion/sediment controls during maintenance work to protect water quality and reduce sediment. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.63 Maintenance Category WATERCOURSES AND STREAMS Determination of Watercourses and Streams for Maintenance Activities. WAC 220-110-020 (83): “‘Watercourse’ and ‘river or stream’ means any portion of a channel, bed, bank, or bottom waterward of the ordinary high water line of waters of the state including areas in which fish may spawn, reside, or through which they may pass, and tributary waters with defined bed or banks, which influence the quality of fish habitat This includes watercourses which flow on an intermittent basis or which fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, stormwater runoff devices, or other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural watercourse which has been altered by humans.” Activities1 Repair, replacement, installation, and maintenance tasks performed on watercourses or streams. These activities may include structural repair/ replacement, slope stabilization, sediment removal, vegetation management, debris removal, access road maintenance, habitat maintenance and improvements (for example, fish ladders, weirs, and large woody material). Some roadside ditches and stormwater facilities can be watercourses or streams. Watercourses and streams can be located within the road ROW, on easements, tracts, and public property or on private property. Proposed maintenance activities within waters of the state will be reviewed prior to work with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) staff to ensure HPA compliance. In addition to project-specific HPA requirements, road crews will adhere to the provisions of these Guidelines to ensure compliance with the Regional Program. Environmental support staff will review the planned work and contact WDFW to determine if the facility meets the definition above. Purpose • Maintenance tasks performed on roadside ditches or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams include activities such as the following: - Cleaning. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.64 - Reshaping/regrading. - Erosion control/slope stabilization. - Vegetation management. - Removing debris, trash, yard waste, and sediment. - Repairing structures. • Maintaining ditches or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams includes activities to preserve line and grade, depth and cross section, inflow and outflow of culverts (in compliance with federal, state and local regulations). • Ditches or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams are maintained when sediment, debris, or vegetation impede flows, or storage of water and sediment to a point where safety or the ROW structure is compromised. • Check dams, or similar BMP’s should not be used when maintenace activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. • Providing maintenance can reduce: - Hazardous driving conditions, particularly during cold weather. - Roadway washouts during storm events. - Flooding of adjacent property. - Saturation of the road sub-base. - Large quantities of sediment transport. - Water quality impacts. - Impacts to habitat. - Jeopardizing structural integrity of roadway system - Facilities that are not properly functioning (from a transportation infrastructure, water quality, or habitat perspective). BMP Outcomes • Maintain and restore water quality by cleaning ditches and/or stormwater facilities that are watercourses or streams. • Maintain or restore structure. • Minimize sediment or debris from leaving construction/repair area. • Maintain or restore surface water drainage and storage. • Maintain or restore sediment storage capacity. • Reduce flooding from plugging of system or reduced storage area. • Keep structure clear of debris, trash, and yard waste. • Reduce sediment and debris from entering watercourses or streams. watercourses and streams ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.65 • Reduce sediment conveyance through drainage system by trapping and removal. • Leave vegetated sections in ditch where sediment buildup has not impeded flow to the point of causing flood damage/hazard or overtopping a road. • Improve in-stream biofiltration. • Large woody material (LWM) may be relocated within the ROW to help maintain stream forming processes and to support fish habitat as permit, public safety, and ROW structure conditions allow. watercourses and streams Maintenance Category Watercourses and Streams BMPs Description Watercourses & Streams Maintain drainage systems that are watercourses and/or streams. Permits Maintenance activities within waters of the state will be reviewed with WDFW, and permitted with an HPA, as necessary. Scheduling Plan and schedule work in dry conditions or when flows are anticipated to be at their lowest when possible. activities. Fish Exclusion Fish will be excluded from the construction area using appropriate methods such as the use of nets, dewatering at a controlled rate, and removal of stranded fish according to HPA permit conditions. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: Disturbed Areas Follow “Fish Exclusion Protocol” (Appendix E) and permit conditions during maintenance Continued on next page • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” • “Habitat Protection/Maintenance” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. When required, habitat restoration will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable permits. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.66 watercourses and streams Maintenance Category Watercourses and Streams (Continued) BMPs Description Minimize disturbance to riparian vegetation: • Mark job site. • Flag work area. • Operate equipment to minimize damage to riparian habitat. Monitor water quality in accordance with permit requirements. Monitor plantings in accordance with permit requirements. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. Equipment/tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Disturbed Areas Continued from preceding page Material/Debris Disposal • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. Leave vegetated sections in ditchline, where sediment buildup does not impede flow or infiltration. Leave vegetative buffer of grasses and small forbs between the shoulder and ditch if the area is wide enough. Leave vegetative buffer outside of work zone to provide biofiltration and shading outside of the back slope of ditch. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.67 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect habitat. • Protect water quality. • Reduce work site pollutant runoff to watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of discharge by removing sediment loading from drainage system. • Remove sediment from system. • Identify chronic sediment deposit problem sites that require frequent sediment removal. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: watercourses and streams Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Reduce the potential for sediment and debris to adversely impact fish habitat. Maintain or restore water quality by removal of sediments and other pollutants. Revegetate to provide biofiltration, shading, and bank stabilization and promote macro- invertebrate population growth. Maintain or restore sediment collection process by removal of excess sediment. Control flow volumes and velocities by removing sediments and repairing structures. Reducing drainage system failure. Maintaining Ditches and/or Stormwater Facilities which are Watercourses or Streams Identifying chronic sediment deposit locations and potential sources of excess sediment. Provide information to agency watershed planning, regulatory agencies, and/or agency CIP program for permanent solution. Providing erosion/sediment controls during maintenance work to protect water quality and reduce sediments. Maintaining or restoring velocities and peak flows by creating storage areas by cleaning ditches to reduce blockages. Increasing or improving biofiltration by seeding ditch line and disturbed soil. Reducing erosion in unlined ditches by seeding ditch line. Reducing risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediments from entering aquatic habitat. Performing maintenance, repair, and upkeep of system. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.68 Maintenance Category STREAM CROSSINGS Activities1 Repair, cleaning, maintenance, installation or replacement/upgrade of stream crossing facilities, such as pipes, arch pipes, box culverts, fish ladders, weirs, sediment pools, access roads and bridges. Maintenance within waters of the state will be reviewed with the WDFW. PURPOSE This work is done to reduce flooding or catastrophic road failure as a result of facilities which have filled to capacity or are blocked with sediment or debris or which may be undersized, damaged, or deteriorated. Timely replacement or upgrade of these facilities is critical in terms of roadway safety, habitat protection, fish passage, and infrastructure preservation. BMP Outcomes • Maintain, repair or replace structure. • Improve or maintain fish passage (HPA). • Improve or maintain riparian habitat (HPA). • Improve or maintain streambed habitat within pipe, culvert or area within work zone (HPA). • Minimize construction/repair worksite area sediments and debris from entering watercourses, streams or water bodies. • Maintain or restore surface water drainage by performing repairs. • Reduce streambed/stream bank erosion by revegetation or stabilization of disturbed soils. • Reduce flooding and erosion from blockages of system by removing obstructions such as debris, trash, yard waste, sediment. • LWM may be relocated within the ROW to help maintain stream forming processes and to support fish habitat as permits, public safety and ROW structure conditions allow. • Check dams, or similar BMP’s should not be used when maintenace activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.69 stream crossings Maintenance Category Stream Crossings BMPs Description Permits Maintenance activities within waters of the state will be reviewed by WDFW and permitted with an HPA, as necessary. If seasonal watercourse or stream, schedule work during dry conditions. Scheduling Plan and schedule work in dry conditions or low flow conditions except in emergency situations if possible (HPA). Follow “Fish Exclusion Protocol” (Appendix E) and permit conditions during maintenance activities. Fish Exclusion Fish will be excluded from the construction area using appropriate methods such as the use of nets, dewatering at a controlled rate, and removal of stranded fish according to HPA permit conditions. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Keep Water from Work Area,” • “Habitat Protection/Maintenance” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. All exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Minimize disturbance to riparian vegetation: • Mark job site. • Flag work area. • Position equipment to protect riparian habitat. Monitor water quality. Restore vegetation appropriate for site conditions within riparian areas. Protect outflows by bio-vegetation techniques or armoring to reduce erosion. Disturbed Areas Monitor vegetation and stream habitat in accordance with permit requirements. Continued on next page When required, habitat restoration will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable permits. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.70 stream crossings POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Repair, replace or maintain structure. • Protect habitat and watercourse or stream by performing maintenance. • Protect habitat and watercourse or stream while performing maintenance. • Reduce work site pollutant runoff. Maintenance Category Stream Crossings (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.71 stream crossings • Restore or maintain fish passage through structure. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of discharge by maintaining structure. Culvert replacement work in stream crossings can significantly contribute to conservation when that work meets the habitat goal to “restore or maintain fish passage through structure.” To that end, Washington State law and regulations require that new or retrofit culverts be designed for fish passage. (RCW 77.55.060; WAC 220-110-070). Culvert installation and replacement under these sections requires the issuance of a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). All work done under this section will comply with the HPA. To clarify the fish passage criteria defined by WAC 220-110-070, the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife prepared a design manual entitled “Fish Passage Design at Road Culverts” (the Manual) (WDFW 1999). The Manual was reviewed by the National Marine Fisheries Service, which concluded that, when designing retrofit or replacements of existing culverts (The WDFW guidelines should result in improved habitat conditions with the potential to bring impaired habitat on a trend to Properly Functioning Conditions (PFC), and that using the WDFW manual while designing a new culvert should not impair PFC as long as the hydraulic and other fish passage considerations are properly applied. NMFS memorandum, Assistant Regional Administrator for Hydro Division to Assistant Regional Administrator for Habitat Conservation Division, November 28, 2001). Therefore, the Regional Program incorporates the relevant considerations for the design of new and retrofit culverts stated in the Manual, as well as other fish passage and habitat considerations addressed in the last chapter of the Manual. (As of the date of this publication, the Manual can be viewed on the Internet at Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.72 Potential Capital or Major Restoration Projects In some cases, habitat restoration work—which is beyond the scope of routine maintenance activities—might be done as capital improvement projects or as major restoration projects. In these cases, the following BMPs may apply where ROW is available and to the extent that design/habitat considerations allow: • Remove artificial bank hardening and/or channel confining structures. • Enhance or add areas of spawning, migration, feeding, or rearing habitat. • Create connections to off-channel habitat. In all cases, capital or major restoration projects must be done in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations and permit requirements. stream crossings Performing Stream Crossing Maintenance Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one of more or the following: Maintain structures. Improve fish passage. Performing maintenance. Reducing flooding and drainage system failure. Reducing the risk of sediment from roadway/shoulder failure from entering aquatic habitat and watercourse or stream. Reducing adverse habitat impacts stemming from catastrophic culvert/pipe failures. Reducing stream bank erosion by repair work and re-vegetating. Providing stream shading by planting riparian area (HPA). channels. Reducing habitat-detrimental flooding caused by a plugged system or reduced storage capacity. Flooding within the ROW can by detrimental to salmonids or habitat by introducing pollutants (bypassing structures that trap sediment or provide infiltration), stranding fish, destroying vegetation, and/or severely eroding stream Providing appropriate erosion/sediment control BMPs during maintenance work. Maintaining or restoring flow capacity and stream velocities in the vicinity of stream- crossing projects. Reduce damage to shoulders, roadways and riparian habitat that may be caused by flooding from blockages. Maintain or restore water quality by repairing, replacing or maintaining structure. Maintain or restore nutrient process by re- vegetating after land disturbance to hold sediments and to remove nutrients. Maintain or restore natural flow volumes and stream velocities in the vicinity of the stream- crossing project. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.73 Maintenance Category GRAVEL SHOULDERS Activities1 Maintenance tasks performed on gravel shoulders improve drainage, restore proper grade, restore filtering capability, maintain vegetation to provide adequate site distance, smooth rutting, and remove buildup of sediment before entering drainage system. Purpose Gravel shoulders are part of the ROW structure that runs along the edge of the roadway or surface structures. The removal of sediment, sod, and debris from the shoulder road edge is part of the sediment collection system. The filtering of sediments and the opportunity for infiltration is part of the water flow system. Maintenance activities are performed to ensure the gravel shoulder functions as a filter for sediments, provides biofiltration, and controls surface water runoff. Maintenance of a vegetative buffer (grasses and small forbs) between the shoulder and ditch, if the area is wide enough, reduces erosion. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Minimize the amount of construction or repair to reduce the amount of worksite sediments and debris to from entering watercourses, streams or water bodies. • Restore or maintain surface water drainage. • Reduce or trap sediments in gravel. • Reduce road surface flooding by allowing water to run off roadway. • Reduce turbidity. • Allow infiltration of water through gravel. • In areas where open ditch sections abut the roadway, use gravel and vegetation on the roadway shoulder to provide a filter strip for runoff before water enters the ditch. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.74 BMPs gravel shoulders Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders Continued on next page BMPs Description Perform Maintenance. Remove builtup sediment and sod. Restore gravel shoulder. Gravel Shoulders Roll shoulder material to ensure proper grade and retention of sediment control qualities. Scheduling Periodically remove sediment deposits and vegetation during the dry season when possible with a motor grader. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories as appropriate at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and/or installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Minimize disturbance to vegetation outside of shoulder area. Leave vegetative strip where possible between the gravel and ditch line for biofiltration. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.75 gravel shoulders Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Use pickup sweepers to remove materials from roadway in assigned areas. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Material/Debris Disposal At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.76 Gravel Shoulder Maintenance Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality by reducing worksite pollutants. Maintain or restore sediment transport process. Gravel and grass trap and remove sediment before entering ditch or surface water. Maintain or restore nutrient process by re- vegetating disturbed soil. Control flow volumes and velocities (sheet flow vs. point discharge) by performing shoulder maintenance. Increase opportunities for infiltration by placing gravel on the edge of the roadway. Maintain, repair, or replace shoulder area to: • Slow velocity. • Reduce turbidity. • Reduce flooding and ponding on roadway. • Reduce splashing off roadway. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents, which, in turn, reduces risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. In addition it reduces structural damage to watercourses and stream systems. Reducing roadway or shoulder failure that reduces the risk of sediment entering aquatic habitat as a result of roadway and shoulder failure, and reduces sub-base damage. Using erosion/sediment control BMPs during maintenance activities. Controlling, reducing and/or removing sediment before it reaches watercourses, streams or water bodies. POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse, stream and other water bodies. • Restore or maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by cleaning and maintaining shoulders for sheet flow and infiltration. • Reduce sediment transport by removing sediment before it enters watercourses and/or streams. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration and/or biofiltration. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: gravel shoulders ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.77 Maintenance Category STREET SURFACE CLEANING Activities1 Removing soil, organic material, dust, trash and other debris to keep road surfaces clean and remove sediment from the roadway before it enters the storm drain system, surface water system, watercourses, streams or other water bodies. The removal of dust also reduces airborne pollution and sediment loading. Purpose Street cleaning the ROW surface structure traps and removes large quantities of sediment. Roadways and surface structures are part of the sediment and water collection system. Street surface cleaning activities are performed to provide a safe roadway surface for the traveling public. Sweeping reduces sediment loading to the drainage system, surface waters, watercourses, streams and other water bodies. Soil, organic material, other debris and pollutants are removed before entering watercourses, stream and/or other water bodies. BMP Outcomes • Clean roadway surface. • Remove soil, organics, solid waste and debris from entering watercourses, streams and/or water bodies. • Reduce turbidity. • Restore surface water drainage by cleaning curbs and drain inlets. • Improve water quality by removing sediment. • Minimize flooding caused by plugged drains. • Reduce sediment loading of shoulders, ditches, detention ponds and watercourses and/or streams. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.78 BMPs street surface cleaning Maintenance Category Street Surface Cleaning BMPs Description Pre-Activity Use cleanup procedures that protect water quality. Control speed of sweeper to minimize airborne particulates and remove maximum amount of debris. Use water spray system on sweeper to reduce dust. Use pickup sweepers to remove materials from roadway in assigned areas. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Material/Debris Disposal Remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.79 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Restore or preserve water quality. • Protect watercourses, streams and/or other water bodies by performing maintenance. • Reduce sediment transport and loading of drainage systems, watercourses or streams, or other water bodies. • Reduce sediment and pollutant transport and loading of drainage systems, watercourses, streams or other water bodies. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: street surface cleaning Street Cleaning Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality by reducing sediment, pollutants, and debris from entering drainage systems, watercourses, streams and/or other water bodies. Maintain or restore sediment transport process by removing sediment before it enters: • Catch basins/Manholes. • Detention/Retention ponds. • Swales. • Pipes. • Inlets. • Ditches. • Shoulders. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents that, in turn, reduces risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. In addition it reduces structural damage to watercourses and stream systems. Reducing sediments and contaminants from reaching the stormwater, watercourse, stream system and other water bodies. Reducing occurrence of debris clogged drain inlets. Reducing flooding and drainage system failure by removing surface and curb line sediments and debris. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.80 Maintenance Category BRIDGE MAINTENANCE Activities1 Bridge maintenance activities include inspecting, testing, repairing, replacing, maintaining, painting or resurfacing components of the bridge such as the electrical system, substructure, superstructure, surface footings, piers, supports, access roads, abutments, ramps, and vegetation management. Purpose Bridge repair, replacement, installation, and maintenance activities are performed to provide a safe roadway system for the traveling public, and to protect bridge infrastructure according to local, state and federal regulations. This, in turn, protects the stream, riparian habitat, and streambank by limiting the number of crossings through the habitat area. BMP Outcomes • Improve or maintain fish passage (HPA). • Improve or maintain riparian habitat (HPA). • Improve or maintain streambed habitat (HPA). • Reduce sediment at construction or repair area. • Reduce streambed or streambank erosion. • Reduce flooding by removal of blockages. • Reduce failure of structure. • Reduce debris from entering waterway. • Large woody material (LWM) may be relocated within the ROW to help maintain stream forming processes and to support fish habitat as permit, public safety, and ROW structure conditions allow. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.81 bridge maintenance Maintenance Category Bridge Maintenance BMPs Description Permits Bridge maintenance activities requiring an HPA will be reviewed with the WDFW and permitted prior to construction in accordance with the HPAs. Scheduling If bridge maintenance is to be performed in a seasonal watercourse or stream, schedule the work during dry conditions if possible. Maintain or add areas of spawning, migration, feeding, or rearing habitat as directed by WDFW (HPA) permit, public safety, and ROW structure conditions allow. Habitat Measures Place appropriate streambed material (HPA) Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water,” • “Settling,” • “Habitat Protection/Maintenance” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and/or installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Monitor water quality in accordance with permit requirements. Restore vegetation where appropriate for site conditions within riparian areas (HPA). Disturbed Areas Minimize disturbance to riparian vegetation: • Mark job site. • Flag work area. • Operate equipment to minimize damage to riparian habitat. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. Tool and Equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Equipment/Tools Continued on next page BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.82 bridge maintenance Maintenance Category Bridge Maintenance (Continued) BMPs Description Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Material/Debris Disposal Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.83 bridge maintenance POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Contribute to the restoration and/or enhancement of aquatic habitat (HPA). • Control worksite pollutant run-off. • Maintain or restore fish passage through structure. • Maintain or restore water quality off bridge by maintaining drainage system. • Repair, replace or maintain structure. • Maintain habitat and watercourse or stream by performing maintenance. • Reduce flooding. • Preserve or restore watercourse or stream velocities impaired by blockages in the vicinity of the bridge maintenance activity. Conservation objectives and how those objectives are achieved are shown on the following table: Bridge Maintenance Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Performing maintenance. Reducing flooding on bridge surface. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents that, in turn, reduces risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. Modify artificial barriers that are not part of structure to maintain or enhance fish habitat (HPA). • Drainage repair/cleaning. Maintain or restore water quality by performing maintenance such as: • Surface repair/cleaning. • Structure repair/cleaning. Providing shade along watercourses or streams by planting riparian area outside of bridge site (HPA, federal, state, or other regulations). Providing erosion/sediment control BMPs during maintenance work. Structural damage to watercourses and stream systems is reduced by not having vehicles leave the road surface. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.84 Maintenance Category #10: SNOW AND ICE CONTROL Activities1 Road maintenance crews are responsible for sanding and plowing operations during periods of freezing weather. Snow and ice removal is considered to be work of such importance that it is classified as an emergency operation. Safety for the traveling public and road department personnel shall be given primary consideration at all times. Snow and ice removal reduces vehicle accidents that may adversely impact sensitive areas. Post-event cleanup is considered a continuation of the event and removal of sediment from the road surface reduces sediment loading and preserves water quality. Purpose These activities are performed to provide a reasonably safe roadway surface for the traveling public, which in turn protects the environment by reducing accidents and vehicles leaving the roadway. BMP Outcomes • Provide a reasonably safe roadway surface for the traveling public. • Minimize pollutants resulting from vehicle accidents such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and road wash-off from entering storm drainage/stream system. • Reduce salt and other chemicals from entering water bodies. • Reduce the occurrence of vehicles leaving the road surface and entering sensitive areas. • Reduce sediment loading to sensitive areas. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.85 BMPs snow and ice control Maintenance Category #10: Snow and Ice Control BMPs Description Minimize use of salt by reducing salt-to-sand ratios. Treat sand cleanup as part of the emergency: remove sand as a priority in order to remove sediments. Plow snow in areas that allow vegetation to filter and contain sand. Prioritize cleanup efforts to aquatic habitat areas to minimize impacts. Operational Equipment/Tools Tool and Equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Material/Debris Disposal Remove construction/maintenance waste materials from work site and dispose of and/or recycle. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Prioritize cleanup in areas without sediment collection systems. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.86 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Maintain or restore water quality. • Protect aquatic habitat and riparian area. Conservation objectives and how those objectives are achieved are shown on the following table: snow and ice control Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Reduce vehicle accidents to: • Reduce risk of petroleum and debris entering aquatic habitat. • Reduce structural damage to stream system. • Reduce vehicles from entering drainage, surface water or habitat. Reduce sediment transport by cleaning sand from roadway. Removing sand from roadway surface reduces sediment contribution to adjacent water bodies and reduces dust and minimizes resulting air quality impacts. Reducing salt and chemical use maintains water quality. Improving traction reduces accidents, which reduces pollutants from entering aquatic habitats. Improving traction to keep vehicles on roadway and out of aquatic habitats or riparian areas. Snow and Ice Control ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.87 Maintenance Category #11: EMERGENCY SLIDE/WASHOUT REPAIR Activities1 Slides and washouts are caused by the impact of heavy rainfall or freeze and thaw conditions on unstable and/or saturated soils. Slides and washouts may occur on the slope above or below roadways, private property, or sensitive areas. Slide or washout repair activities may include the following: removal of slide/washout material from ROW; backfilling or stabilizing slope, reestablishment of damaged roadway structures; repairing and cleaning drainage system, restoring access road, revegetating, and/or armoring with rock. Purpose This emergency response activity is done to protect the public, to repair the roadway system, and to prevent further damage to the roadway, private property and/or the environment. The initial response to emergencies relating to slide and washout repair is covered under Program Element 7, Emergency Response. After the emergency is stabilized, the work is covered under this maintenance category. BMP Outcomes • Control sediment and debris from ROW. • Stabilize slide/washout area within the ROW to reduce environmental, transportation and/or structural impacts. • Repair roadways, repair access roads, surface drainage, storm water system, and/or other ROW structures. BMPs 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.88 emergency slide/washout repair Maintenance Category #11: Emergency Slide/Washout Repair BMPs Description Permits Maintenance within waters of the state will be reviewed by WDFW, and permitted with an HPA, as necessary. Where practical and without jeopardizing the emergency response, in a timely manner, “Fish Exclusion Protocol” (Appendix E) and permit conditions will be followed during maintenance activities. Fish Exclusion Fish will be excluded from the construction area using appropriate methods such as the use of nets, dewatering at a controlled rate, and removal of stranded fish according to HPA permit conditions. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection,” • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces,” and/or • “Keep Water from Work Area.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of effective BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Equipment/Tools • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. Material/Debris Disposal Continued on next page Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. When required habitat restoration will be designed and constructed in accordance with applicable permits. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.89 emergency slide/washout repair Maintenance Category #11: Emergency Slide/Washout Repair (Continued) BMPs Description • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Equipment/Tools Continued from preceding page At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.90 emergency slide/washout repair POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Reduce erosion/sedimentation to restore water quality. • Reduce sediment loading offsite. • Contribute to the restoration of aquatic habitat (HPA). • Encourage revegetation to stabilize slope and provide riparian habitat near aquatic habitat. • Maintain or restore the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water in order to control flow rate and velocity of discharge by restoring the damaged structure. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: Slide/Washout Repair Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Preserve or restore water quality by removing slide material. Maintain or restore sediment transport process by opening roadway, ditches, and closed drainage systems. Maintain or restore nutrient process by revegetating after land disturbance in order to hold sediments and to remove nutrients. Maintain or restore flow volumes and stream velocities. Reducing catastrophic road failure. Removing slide material from the ROW. Reducing the risk of slide material entering aquatic habitat. Reducing flooding on roadway by clearing roadway, ditches, and/or closed drainage systems. Flooding within the ROW can by detrimental to aquatic habitat by introducing pollutants (bypassing structures which trap sediment or provide infiltration), stranding fish, destroying vegetation, or severely eroding stream channels. Providing erosion/sediment control BMPs during, and following, maintenance work within the slide or washout area. Re-vegetate disturbed soils. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.91 Maintenance Category #12: CONCRETE Activities1 Maintenance activities performed on the concrete structures, such as concrete roadways, sidewalks, driveways, curb and gutter sections include the following: removal or repair of damaged sections and installation of new structures. Purpose These activities are performed to provide a safe roadway and pedestrian traffic infrastructure and to maintain adequate conveyance of surface water to drainage systems. BMP Outcomes • Reduce velocities by opening curb cuts for sheet flow when possible. • Increase infiltration by opening curb cuts when possible. • Minimize pollutants from leaving maintenance or repair area. • Improve surface water drainage. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.92 BMPs concrete Maintenance Category #12: Concrete BMPs Description Part 2 BMP (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Containment” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.93 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Reduce pollutant runoff to restore water quality. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: concrete Concrete Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or improve water quality. Maintain or restore stormwater conveyance. Maintain or restore sediment transport process by repairing road, curb or other ROW structure. Reducing environmental damage from vehicle accidents. Lowering the number of accidents reduces the risk of pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, road wash-off, and debris from entering aquatic habitat. In addition, it reduces structural damage to watercourses and stream systems. Reducing roadway or shoulder failure which reduces the risk of sediment entering aquatic habitat as a result of roadway and shoulder failure and reduces sub-base damage. Using appropriate erosion/sediment control BMPs. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.94 Maintenance Category #13: SEWER SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replace, install, and maintain operating components of sewer facilities, including, but not limited to, treatment facilities, lift stations, pump stations, main lines, collection lines, trunk lines, interceptors, lake lines, access roads, associated ROW and storage/detention facilities. Purpose To maintain the integrity of the infrastructure, to provide additional services or components, to maintain operational reliability, and to protect public health and safety. Ensure that the sewer/storm system efficiently collects and removes water from the ROW to achieve the following: • Permit the maximum use of the roadway. • Reduce damage to roadway structures. • Protect the abutting property from damages. • Restore surface water drainage in combined sewer/storm systems. • Manage vegetation. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Minimize work site pollutants from construction/repair area. • Reduce sediment conveyance by trapping and removal of sediment from the work site. • Restore or maintain surface water drainage. • Restore or maintain water quality: - Remove debris. - Remove trash. - Reduce turbidity. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.95 BMPs sewer systems Maintenance Category #13: Sewer Systems BMPs Description Sewer System Maintain sewer system. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Keep Water from Work Area” and/or • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season –October through June–no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season –July through September–no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Equipment/Tools Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Continued on next page • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.96 sewer systems POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse and/or stream. • Reduce worksite pollutants to restore or maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by repairing and maintaining sewer system. • Reduce sediment transport from system breaks by maintaining and repairing system. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration or biofiltration. Conservation objectives and how those objectives are achieved are shown on the following table: Maintenance Category #13: Sewer Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Equipment/Tools Continued from preceeding page If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.97 sewer systems Repair, Replacement, and Installation of Sewer Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore functional components of the sewer system reduce sediment loading to: • Watercourses and/or streams. • Manholes. • Pump stations. • Main lines, trunk lines, lake lines and outfalls. • Side sewer connections. Maintain or restore functional components of sewer system to reduce sewage released to watercourses and/or streams. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by repairing surface areas, roadway, ditches, shoulder and repairing structures. Reduce/Remove sediment from drainage system. Trap and remove sediment before entering watercourses and/or streams. Repair plugged lines, brakes, or blockages to reduce: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. • Sewage releases. Performing repairs, replacement, and installation of systems. Reducing sewer system failure: • Reduces risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat and watercourses and/or streams. Using erosion/sediment controls during construction/maintenance. Reducing flooding, erosion, sediment and sewage releases from broken, or damaged, system by making repairs. Re-vegetate disturbed soils ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.98 Maintenance Category #14: WATER SYSTEMS Activities1 Repair, replace, install and maintain operating components of water system facilities including, but not limited to, treatment plant, transmission mains, distribution lines, fire flow systems, reservoirs, tunnels, pump stations, meters, flushing, dewatering, services, access roads, and associated ROWs or water system structures. Purpose To maintain the integrity of the infrastructure, to collect, treat and distribute, clean drinking water, to provide additional service and components, to maintain operational reliability, and to protect health and safety issues. BMP Outcomes • Restore structure. • Reduce sediment from entering watercourses, streams and aquatic habitat areas as a result of maintenance work. • Minimize work site pollutants from construction/repair area. • Reduce sediment conveyance by repairing damaged, broken, or leaking parts of a system. • Restore or maintain water quality by making repairs: - Remove debris. - Remove sediment. - Restore surface grade. - Restore ditch line. - Restore road surface. • Reduce turbidity by making repairs. • Reduce flooding from broken pipes. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.99 BMPs water systems Maintenance Category #14: Water Systems BMPs Description Water System Maintain water system. Develop protocols for dechlorination of water. Operational Develop a flushing program. Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories at or around the work site to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or pollutants from entering watercourses, streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Keep Water from Work Area” and/or • “Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion.” Go to Part 2 BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Disturbed Areas Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by application of BMPs that protect the soil from the erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season – July through September – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Equipment/Tools • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Continued on next page • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials: grease, oil, oil filters,antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediment and seed or replant disturbed area. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.100 Maintenance Category #14: Water Systems (Continued) BMPs Description Material/Debris Disposal After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel. Equipment/Tools Continued from preceeding page At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in an area where pollutants can be contained. If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. water systems BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.101 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Protect watercourse and/or stream. • Reduce worksite pollutants to restore or maintain water quality. • Control the storage, delivery, and routing of surface and ground water to control volumes and velocities of stormwater discharge by restoring surface after installation, repair or replacement of underground piping. • Reduce sediment transport from system breaks by maintaining and repairing system. • Maximize opportunities for increased infiltration or biofiltration where possible. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: water systems Repair, Replacement, and Installation of Water Systems Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Maintain or restore water quality. Maintain or restore functional components of the water system and reduce sediment loading to watercourses and/or streams from: • Leaks. • Breaks. • Damaged. • Replacement. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by repairing water system structures. The repair of breaks or leaks reduces: • Turbidity. • Sediment loading. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. Performing repairs, replacement, and installation of systems. Repairing water system failure: • Reduces risk of roadway/shoulder failure sediment from entering aquatic habitat and watercourses and/or streams. Using erosion/sediment controls during construction/maintenance. Reducing flood erosion and sediment loading from broken or damaged system by making repairs. Re-vegetate disturbed soils ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.102 Maintenance Category #15: Vegetation Activities1 Activities include repair, replacement, installation, removal and/or maintainance of the vegetation within the ROW. Vegetation is an integral part of the road ROW structure. Vegetation maintenance includes, but is not limited, to mechanical, chemical, cultural and biological control. It also includes the systems and structues that support the vegetation. Purpose The primary purpose of vegetation maintenance is to promote, maintain, sustain, manage, or encourage vegetation growing within the ROW to comply with a variety of regulations and standards. Activities include suppressing non- desirable vegetation and enhancing desirable vegetation to accomplish the following: • Minimize competition between desirable and non-desirable vegetation. • Control or suppress pest infestations. • Protect disturbed soils. • Meet public safety requirements. • Improve visibility. • Improve surface and subsurface drainage. • Reduce potential fire risk. • Pollution control. • Reduce dust. • Reduce erosion. • Maintain water quality. • Protect habitat. • Reduce pavement deterioration. • Reduce deterioration of ROW structures. • Encourage infiltration. 1Maintenance activities are NOT development or redevelopment activities but are mitigation over the life of the structure and are as defined on page x of the Introduction Section of the RRMP Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.103 Complying with vegetation regulations and standards for each system within the ROW structure may involve coordination with but not limited to any of the following regulations: • Labor & Industry (L&I) regulations. • Pipeline safety. • Electrical regulations. • Water regulations. • Sewer regulations. • Roadway regulations. • HPA regulations. • U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulations. • Ecology regulations • Dike and dam regulations. • Local ordinances and codes. • Department of Agriculture regulations. • Noxious Weed control regulations. Although the Services are not considering herbicide use for take limits, reduction or elimination of the take prohibition, BMPs for road maintenance herbicide use are included in the Guidelines. These BMPs are included to ensure that agencies electing to use herbicides as part of their vegetation management program do so appropriately. This includes fertilizers that contain herbicides and pesticides. Roadside Vegetation Management Zones For the purposes of this program, roadsides are divided into three typical vegetation management zones reflecting specific roadside management objectives for curbed and non-curbed roadways. The zones are: 1) vegetation- free, 2) operational, and 3) transitional. All zones should be managed to support the dual vegetation management roles for maximum environmental benefits while meeting regulations and standards. Although three zones are described in this maintenance category, not all zones are applicable to every ROW. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.104 1. Zone 1 (Vegetation-Free Zone) The vegetation management objective in Zone 1 is to maintain an area free of vegetation. This maintenance is performed for fire control and to improve surface drainage to expedite runoff from paved surfaces into drainage structures. Zone 1 maintenance is also performed to improve visibility and reduce breakup of pavement and deterioration of roadside structures and hardware. Curbed Roadways. Zone 1 begins at the curb face and extends to the back of the sidewalk, including guardrails, signs, and other roadway hardware. Non-curbed Roadways. Zone 1 on non-curbed roadways begins at the edge of the traveled way or paved shoulder. It extends to include all unpaved shoulder areas, guardrails, and other roadway hardware to a point where rock base material intercepts native soil or dirt fill. 2. Zone 2 (Operational Zone) The objective of vegetation management in Zone 2 is to maintain the functional characteristics of the ROW structure while complying with regulations and standards. The ROW structure includes drainage facilities such as ditches and gutters. Landscaping, both public and private, may be included in Zone 2. Zone 2 maintenance preserves or enhances sight distances to signs, on curves, and at intersections. It also reduces erosion and undesirable plant species while enhancing motorists’ ability to see pedestrians and animals. Curbed Roadways. On curbed roadways, Zone 2 begins at the back of the curb or sidewalk. Zone 2 extends away from the road to include the roadside ditch or other drainage features, regulatory signs, and the remainder of the ROW involving sight distances, developed ROW, clear zones or public safety. Zone 2 extends to the edge of Zone 3, when Zone 3 exists. Non-curbed Roadways. On non-curbed roadways, Zone 2 begins at the outside edge of Zone 1, or at the pavement edge if no Zone 1 exists. Zone 2 extends away from the road to include the roadside ditch or other drainage features, regulatory signs, and the remainder of the ROW involving sight distances, developed ROW, clear zones, or public safety. Zone 2 extends to the edge of Zone 3, when Zone 3 exists. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.105 3. ZONE 3 (TRANSITION ZONE) The objective of vegetation management in Zone 3 is to minimize maintenance efforts in the outer edges of undeveloped portions of the ROW. Zone 3 creates a compatible transition area between Zone 2, the operating road ROW, and the abutting land until the ROW is needed for its dedicated purpose. When Zone 3 occurs, it extends away from the edge of Zone 2, to the limit of the road ROW. TYPES OF VEGETATION MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES There are four types of vegetation maintenance activities, which are generally called “controls.” They are mechanical, chemical, cultural and biological controls: 1. MECHANICAL CONTROL Mechanical control techniques involve the use of mechanical tools or motorized equipment to manage desirable vegetation or suppress non- desirable vegetation to minimize competition. The work involves grass mowing, brush mowing, manual or power brush cutting. Another mechanical control is tree maintenance, which includes pruning and removing trees to maximize longevity, environmental benefits, and public safety. a. Grass Mowing Grass mowing is used to control the growth of planted or natural grasses and other types of vegetation from encroaching upon the ROW, road pavement, gravel shoulder, and flow lines of roadside ditches. Grass mowing may be used to meet regulation and operational requirements within the other maintenance categories. The actual area mown should reflect the need to meet specific, pre-defined goals and objectives for a particular ROW area. The actual number of cuts, however, may vary depending on the vegetation makeup and budget. Generally, road ROW areas are mowed twice a year and most access road ROW areas once a year. (Mowing in certain areas may be higher or lower than these stated generalities due to regulations or operational requirements.) vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.106 Finished cut height for grasses is generally 2 to 6 inches aboveground. The finished cut height for other ground cover species is generally 12 inches or greater aboveground. Grass mowing at some sites is the only way to control vegetation. Sites such as culvert ends, streams, ponds, ditches with year-round water and other ‘herbicide sensitive’ sites are often maintained by mowing if the site is accessible to suitable equipment. Mowing equipment could consist of tractor-mounted rotary or flail mowers equipped with either grass- or brush-cutting blades. Trimming and edging tools are usually handheld string trimmers or blade trimmers and edgers. Hand tools for trimming may be used on special occasions. b. Brush Mowing Mechanical brush mowing is used as a control technique to remove the undesirable growth of brush species, small trees, and other vegetation. Such growth may interfere with safe operation of the facility and/or maintenance of the ROW structure including drainage systems. This work is usually done in the area beyond the grass-mowing limit, most often beyond the backslope of the ditch in Zone 2 to the edge of Zone 3. Brush mowing in Zone 3 would be used for selective control of brush. (Brush mowing, however, may be used to control brush in all three zones.) Brush mowing can be done in conjunction with herbicide treatments. The timing of cutting is critical to enhancing rather than negating herbicide activity. Consult the herbicide label to determine proper sequencing or delay of mowing either before or after herbicide application. At some sites, mowing brush is the only way to accomplish vegetation control without herbicide application. Sites such as culvert ends, streams, ponds, ditches with year-round water and other ‘herbicide sensitive’ sites can be maintained by mowing. (Herbicide application can also be used following proper regulations and types of herbicides that are allowed at a specific site.) Equipment usually involves a tractor-mounted boom flail-type mower with blades designed to cut either brush or small trees. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.107 c. Manual Brush Cutting Manual brush cutting is a technique to control the growth of brush species, small trees, and other vegetation in small areas, where mobilization of brush mowing equipment and associated flaggers and signs is not practicable. This work is often used to accomplish selective removal, and is usually done in Zones 2 or 3 on the portion of ROW structure that is beyond grass mowing limits. Equipment used in manual brush cutting could be chainsaws, brush saws (string, wire or blade types), pruning saws, lopper/pruners or any other type of hand-held power equipment. Chippers or grinders may be used to dispose of the debris resulting from the cutting operation. Chips should be spread over the site if desirable or hauled offsite. d. Aerial Saw Work Aerial saw work includes any work accomplished by raising a worker up, or having a worker climb off the ground to maintain vegetation. Aerial saw work is a method used to trim tree limbs and remove both undesirable trees and vegetation. The goal is to meet clearance heights over roads, electrical wires, sidewalks, and other ROW structures to promote better public safety and to minimize future damage to utilities and equipment. e. Cultivation Disturbance of soil and/or weeds by cultivation is another method of vegetation management. This method can be used to keep Zone 1 areas free of vegetation or for selective prevention or elimination of weeds around desirable plants in Zones 2 or 3. Cultivation can be accomplished with either hand tools or power equipment. Hoes, rakes, rototillers and road graders are examples of equipment. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.108 2. CHEMICAL CONTROL Application of herbicides may occur at any time of the year allowed by the product label and the following guidelines: • Zone 1 treatments will generally be accomplished by the use of pre- and post-emergent non-selective herbicides applied in early spring. • Zones 2 and 3 vegetation management generally involves the use of selective herbicides. • Applications in Zones 2 and 3 may be summer foliage, or dormant stem, stump or modified basal treatments when allowed by the label. • Where site conditions or herbicide label restrictions preclude the use of herbicides, mowers and other methods will be utilized. 3. CULTURAL CONTROL Cultural control involves enhancing the vigor of desirable plants so that they can eventually crowd out or prevent encroachment by undesirable plants. Cultural control techniques only work within Zones 2 and 3. a. Fertilizers on Weak Stands of Grass An example of cultural control is the use of fertilizers on weak grass stands to enable vigorous grass stands to overtake weeds. b. Barriers Use of physical barriers can be classified as a cultural control technique. Barriers stop plant growth originating below the barrier by physically preventing it from reaching the soil surface. In the case of germinating weed seed above the barrier, control is accomplished by preventing the roots of seedlings from reaching the soil. 4. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Biological control of vegetation involves using living organisms to destroy or compete with the undesirable plant. These living organisms include insects, disease organisms (parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.), plants, livestock, rodents, and fish. These natural enemies are usually brought in from areas of the world where the undesirable plant is native and is controlled by these natural predators. Predators are tested to make sure that they affect only the target plant and not any other economically important plants or animals. Once deemed safe, they are turned loose against the target plant. Examples of vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.109 effective biological control utilizing natural predators in ROW areas are the Cinnabar Moth and Flea Beetle on Tansy Ragwort, and the Beetle on Klamathweed or Goatweed. Another application of biological control agents involves reintroducing native plants to a site. These plants are introduced to an area where they grow more rapidly and outcompete existing weeds and exotic vegetation. Native species are well adapted to site conditions and most will overtake and outcompete weeds. Where applicable, vegetation maintenance will be conducted in all 15 maintenance categories described in the Guidelines. BMP Outcomes: • Improved water quality. • Improved air quality. • Increased sight distance. • Improved visibility of shoulder for emergencies and obstacles. • Reduce shading on roadway (reduced icing, reduced accidents). • Reduced fire hazard. • Compliance with pipeline safety and easement regulations. • Facilitation of inspection and maintenance of other features and structures. • Reduced flooding. • Improved driver guidance (provides visual definition). • Improved pedestrian safety (divides uses: pedestrian rather than vehicular). • Reduced storm (blow down) hazard. • Reduced overspray (irrigation system malfunction) hazard. • Improve drainage by increasing infiltration and percolation. • Reduce spread of noxious weeds and undesirable vegetation. • Limit erosion. • Increase biofiltration. • Lower herbicide use when used in conjunction with other BMPs or other integrated management components. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.110 vegetation Maintenance Category #15: Vegetation BMPs Description ROW Shoulder Work Maximize opportunities for shoulder work, which will increase infiltration or biofiltration. (See also Maintenance Category Gravel Shoulders). Part 2 BMPs (Site-specific BMPs) Use any of the eight BMP outcome categories in Part 2 at or around the worksite to reduce turbidity, sediment and/or worksite pollutants from entering watercourses or streams, wetlands, lakes, or other water bodies. Types of BMP categories: • “Filter/Perimeter Protection” • “Reduce Potential for Soil Becoming Water or Air Borne,” and/or • “Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Forces.” Go to Part 2-BMPs for selection and installation guidelines. Exposed and unworked soils shall be stabilized by applying BMPs that protect soil from erosive forces of raindrop impact and flowing water: • During winter season – October through June – no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. • During the summer season –July through September–no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. • These conditions apply to all soils onsite, whether or not at final grade. Disturbed Areas Mowing • Grass mowing finished height of 2 to 6 inches to minimize scalping of soil surface. • Do not mow below ordinary high water mark of streams or waterways. Brush Cutting • Grass cutting finished height 2 to 6 inches to minimize scalping of soil surface. • Native brush vegetation cutting finished height of 12 inches to maximize growth of desirable vegetation. • Do not brush cut below the ordinary high water mark of streams and waterways. Hand Cutting • Grass mowing finished height of 2 to 6 inches to minimize scalping of soil surface. • Do not mow below the ordinary high water mark of streams or waterways. Perform repairs, replacement, and maintenance of roadway vegetation. Seeding • Avoid overspray into streams, ponds, lakes or wetlands. • Cover all exposed soil within project limits to avoid erosion. Continued on next page Prior to BMP removal, clean up accumulated sediments and seed or replant disturbed area. Chipping • Spread chips evenly along Zones 2 or 3. • Remove chips from project site. BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.111 vegetation BMPs Description Maintenance Category #15: Vegetation (Continued) Chemical Application • Follow state and federal requirements, along with product label instructions. Tool and equipment cleanup procedures: • Routinely inspect equipment, tools, and vehicles for leaks or damage. • Keep cleanup materials, such as dry absorbent materials, onsite to allow prompt cleanup of spills. • repair or replace leaking connections, pipes, hoses and/or valves. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, repair and/or service will be performed at designated repair facilities whenever possible. Use the following practices to reduce the potential for discharge of pollutants to watercourses or streams from vehicle and equipment maintenance, service and repair operations: • Prohibit discharge of any wastewaters to stormwater drains. Do not pour material down drains or hose down work areas. Use either dry sweeping or damp mopping. • Remove buildup of oils and grease on equipment. • Perform equipment and vehicle maintenance in areas that prevent discharges to the storm drain system. • Use drip pans under equipment when maintaining, repairing or servicing in the field. • Use non-toxic solvents whenever possible. • Clean maintenance area storm drain grates regularly. • Collect and properly manage (recycle or dispose of) used materials such as the following: grease, oil, oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, lead-acid batteries,hydraulic and transmission fluids, and tires. • Surfaces shall be cleaned following any discharge or spill incident. At end of shift, park equipment in designated areas. Clean equipment and tools offsite in area where pollutants can be contained. Equipment/Tools If unable to move tools and equipment offsite, control and remove cleaning by-products. After repairs are completed, remove construction/maintenance waste materials from site for disposal or recycling. Material/Debris Disposal If area is swept with a pick-up sweeper, the material will be hauled out of the area to appropriate disposal site. Spill Prevention & Control Carry Spill Kit used for small spills related to equipment failure. Desired outcome is to control, absorb, or contain spill for cleanup and disposal. Minimum requirements: • Absorbent. • Pad. • Shovel BMPs ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.112 POTENTIAL CONSERVATION OUTCOMES Habitat Goals: • Improve drainage by reducing erosion. • Reduce the spread of noxious weeds and undesirable vegetation. • Limit erosion. • Provide shading/reduce water temperature. • Suppress non-desirable vegetation. • Enhance desirable vegetation. • Provide habitat for macro-invertebrates upon which aquatic species feed. • Increase biofiltration. • Lower herbicide use. Conservation objectives and how they are achieved are shown on the following table: Conservation Objectives include one or more of the following: Conservation Objectives Achieved By one or more of the following: Reduce erosion. Re-vegetation of disturbed areas provides: • Biofiltration. • Shading. • Bank stabilization. • Food. • Cover. Maintain or restore flow volumes and velocities by repairing ROW system structures and vegetation maintenance provides: • Reduces erosion. • Offsite erosion. • Offsite habitat impacts. Performing repairs, replacement, installation and maintenance of vegetation in the ROW • Re-vegetation of disturbed soils. Using erosion/sediment controls during maintenance. Reducing flood erosion and sediment from broken or damaged system by managing vegetation. Repair, Replacement, Installation and Maintenance of ROW Vegetation Maintain or restore water quality. • Nutrient process. • Holds sediments. • Removes nutrients. • Reduce noxious weeds. • Reduce undesirable vegetation. • Increase shading. • Enhance desirable vegetation. Leave vegetation within ditches if not affecting flow or operation. Protect vegetation outside of work site. vegetation ---PAGE BREAK--- 1.113 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- PART 2 — BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.3 Part 2 — Best Management Practices Table of Contents Processes And Principles Of Erosion And Sedimentation 2.5 Activity and BMP Planning/Selection Sample Checklist #1 2.7 Activity and BMP Pre-Construction/Maintenance Sample Checklist #2 2.8 Activity and BMP Implementation Sample Checklist 2.9 Activity and BMP Routine Part 1 BMPs Sample Checklist #4 2.10 The Eight Outcome Categories Keep Water From Work 2.11 Reduce Potential for Soil From Becoming Water Borne – Or Air Borne 2.12 Filter/Perimeter 2.13 Settling 2.14 Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive 2.15 Containment 2.16 Habitat Protection/Maintenance 2.17 Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water 2.18 BMP/Outcome Categories Matrix 2.19 BMPs Aqua Barrier 2.21 Back of Slope Planting 2.24 Cofferdam 2.26 Coir Fabric 2.29 Coir Log 2.31 Concrete Containment 2.34 Concrete Containment 2.37 Construction Access Road 2.39 Continuous 2.42 Curb Inlet Sediment 2.45 Dewatering 2.50 Diaper Netting 2.52 Ditch Lining 2.54 Diversion Berm 2.56 Diversion Channel 2.58 Dust Control 2.61 Excelsior Filled Log 2.63 Filter 2.65 Grass Lined Channel 2.67 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) BMPs Continued Gravel Filled Sump 2.71 Half Round Filter 2.72 Hand Seeding 2.75 2.77 Inlet Protection 2.79 Kimble Filter Pipe 2.86 Large Woody Material 2.88 Live Staking 2.93 Mulching 2.97 Plastic Covering 2.99 Plywood Work Platform 2.101 Rip Rap 2.103 Rock Check Dam 2.105 2.109 Sedimentation Sump 2.113 Silt Fence 2.114 Silt Mat 2.117 Siltation Pond/Settling Tank 2.119 Soil Stabilization (Blankets And Matting) 2.122 Straw Bale Barrier 2.127 Straw Bale Barrier 2.130 Straw Bale Barrier 2.135 Straw Log 2.138 Stream Bank Stabilization (Bio-engineering) 2.141 Stream Bypass 2.142 Streambed Gravel 2.146 Surface Roughening 2.148 Sweeping 2.152 Temporary Sediment Trap 2.155 Triangular Silt Dike 2.158 Turbidity Curtain 2.162 Vactoring 2.166 Vegetative 2.168 Washed 2.170 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.5 Processes and Principles of Erosion and Sedimentation S oil disturbance, whether by natural forces or by construction and maintenance activities, can accelerate the rate of erosion. Careful planning combined with proper selection and installation of erosion control measures can reduce the impact of construction and maintenance related erosion. SOIL EROSION PROCESS • Splash erosion results when raindrops fall on bare or sparsely vegetated soil and detach the soil particles. • Sheet erosion occurs when these soil particles are transported in a thin layer, or sheet, by flowing water. • Rills and gullies are formed by concentrated, high velocity sheet flow. More soil detaches, increasing the erosion damage. • Stream and channel erosion occurs by even higher rates of velocity and steepness of slope. • Wind erosion occurs during dry weather conditions and high winds. Size of particles being moved is related to wind velocity. Particles moved by wind may cause air pollution, soil loss and/or water quality degradation. Water quality and fish habitat are the major concerns associated with soil movement. BMPs combined with training and oversight will enable road maintenance personnel to lessen the effects of soil erosion from the work site. PRINCIPLES OF EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL Effective erosion and sedimentation control requires first that the soil surface be protected from the erosive forces of wind, rain, and runoff, and second that eroded soil is controlled onsite. The following principles shall be integrated into a system of control measures and management techniques to control erosion and reduce offsite sediment migration. Minimize the Extent and Duration of Exposure Scheduling can be a very effective means of reducing the hazards of erosion. Schedule construction activities to minimize the exposed area and the duration of exposure. Maintenance activities can not always be scheduled, it is important to stabilize disturbed areas as quickly as possible in scheduled or unscheduled maintenance. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.6 Protect Areas to be Disturbed from Stormwater Runoff Use berms, diversions, pumps, dams, barriers, sediment traps and constructed waterways to intercept runoff and divert it away from cut-and- fill slopes or other disturbed areas. Install these measures before beginning maintenance and/or land disturbing activities. Stabilize Disturbed Areas Removing the vegetative cover and altering the soil structure by clearing the surface may increase an area’s susceptibility to erosion. Apply stabilizing measures after the land is disturbed and implement temporary or permanent vegetation, mulches, or other BMP’s to correspond with maintenance activities. During the winter season, October through June, no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 2 days. During the summer season, July through September, no soils shall remain exposed and unworked for more than 7 days. This condition applies to all soils on site, whether at final grade or not. Minimize Runoff Velocities Clearing existing vegetation may reduce the surface roughness and infiltration rate, thereby increasing runoff velocities and volumes. Use measures that break the slopes to reduce the problems associated with concentrated flow volumes and runoff velocities. Retain Sediment on the Site Even with careful planning, some erosion is unavoidable. The resulting sediment can be reduced by BMP placement that reduce on site erosion. Plan the location where sediment deposition will occur and maintain access for maintenance cleanout. Plan, install and use sediment trap and basin BMPs before other land-disturbing activities (except in emergencies). Inspect and Maintain BMPs Inspection and maintenance of BMPs is vital to the performance of erosion and sedimentation BMPs. It is essential to inspect all BMPs to determine that they are working properly and to ensure that problems are corrected as they are detected. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.7 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Planning and Selection Sample Checklist #1 Figure 14 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support staff or 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMPs from Part 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand all permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward.. 11. Prepare construction/maintenance schedule, and/or sequence (Including installing, monitoring, maintaining, and removing BMP(s).) 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or pre- construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.8 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Pre-construction and Pre-maintenance Meeting Sample Checklist #2 Figure 15 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign-in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (Including installation, monitoring, maintaining, & removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies related to all aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.9 Activity and bmp Installation, Monitoring, Maintianing and Removal Sample Checklist #3 Figure 16 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with the Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.10 Activity and bmp Routine Part 1 Sample Checklist #4 Figure 17 Task Yes No 1. Make site visit before starting work 2. Define activity, scope, and limits 3. Review Part 1 BMPs • Permit needed • Scheduling considerations • Equipment maintenance • Disturbed soil • Waste material removed • Spill kit • Part 2 BMPs needed • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 4. Is environmental staff required? NO – continue maintenance YES – contact environmental staff for review 5. In water work • Stop work • Contact environmental staff for review • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.11 OUTCOME CATEGORY: Keep Water from Work Area Definition: The BMPs in this category are used to keep water from reaching the work area or disturbed soils generally by means of a bypass, diversion or interception process. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to bypass or divert sheet flow, stormwater or stream flow around or through the work area. The intercepted water will be discharged to an acceptable storm drainage system or outfall. Applications: These BMPs work well: • In streams or ditches where the normal flow can be piped around the work area by temporarily damming and conveying the flow by pumping or gravity. (HPA) • Covering stock piles or disturbed soils with impermeable fabric to intercept rainfall. Sheet flows shall be collected and diverted at the bottom of the covering. • Diverting sheet flow around work area or disturbed soils by constructing upslope berms or channels. Limitations: These BMPs are often used in combination with other BMPs dewatering work area, grass-lined swales). Refer to individual (Part 2) BMP limitations. Permit Conditions: Follow acceptable procedures, if required in HPA, to exclude fish from work area. Reintroduce water flow into the work area to reduce sediment transport. Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these Guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Aqua Barrier. • Coffer Dam. • Dewatering. • Diversion Berm. • Diversion Channel. • Plastic Covering. • Sandbag. • Stream Bypass. • Vactoring. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.12 Definition: The BMPs in this category work to keep soil particles in disturbed areas from becoming water borne or air borne. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce erosion by reducing soil particles from becoming water borne or air borne. Application: These BMPs work well to stabilize: • Slopes. • Soils. • Roadways. • Channels. Limitations: Often used in combination with other BMPs allowing the disturbed area to stabilize. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Back of Slope Planting. • Construction Access Road. • Ditch Lining. • Dust Control. • Filter Fabric. • Grass Lined Channel. • Hand Seeding. • Hydroseeding. • Live Staking. • Mulching. • Plastic Covering. • Soil Stabilization (Blankets/Matting). • Surface Roughening. • Sweeping. • Vegetative Buffer. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Reduce Potential for Soil from Becoming Water Borne- or Air Borne ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.13 Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce erosion and sedimentation of soil particles/contaminants as the water passes through a filtering device. This outcome will also apply to perimeter protection around the job site. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce soil particles/contaminants before the water discharges from the job site. Application: These BMPs work well: • When the rate of flow is relatively low and the filter can be inspected and maintained to ensure the BMP continues to function. • Perimeter protection around job site. Limitations: Not effective in areas of high flows. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Coir Log. • Continuous Berm. • Curb Inlet Sediment Trap. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Filter Fabric. • Grass Lined Channel. • Gravel Filled Sump. • Half Round Filter. • Inlet Protection. • Kimble Filter Pipe. • Silt Fence. • Silt Mat. • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Log. • Washed Rock. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Filter/Perimeter Protection ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.14 Definition: The BMPs in this category allow particles/contaminants to settle as the water velocity decreases. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to allow sediment to settle out of the water. This will reduce soil particles/contaminants from leaving the job site. Application: These BMPs work well: • When the rate of flow is relatively low. • When there is sufficient space or volume to properly size a settling BMP. Limitations: Not effective in areas of high flows. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Coir Log. • Continuous Berm. • Curb Inlet Sediment Trap. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Filter Fabric. • Rock Check Dam. • Sandbag. • Sedimentation Sump. • Silt Fence. • Silt Mat. • Siltation Pond/Tank. • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Log. • Temporary Sediment Trap. • Triangular Silt Dike. • Turbidity Curtain. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Settling ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.15 Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce or diminish the water velocity, thereby dissipating its erosive force. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to create energy dissipation and reduce erosion. Application: These BMPs work well: • On stream and ditch banks. • In swales/grass lined channels. • In waterbodies. • On slopes. • On large disturbed areas. Limitations: These BMPs should not be used when maintenance activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. These BMPs may be used if required by permit conditions. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Back of Slope Planting. • Coir Fabric. • Coir Log. • Continuous Berm. • Ditch Lining. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Hand Seeding. • Hydroseeding. • Large Woody Material. • Live Staking. • Mulching. • Rip Rap. • Rock Check Dam. • Sandbag. • Silt Fence. • Silt Mat. • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Bale Barrier • Straw Log. • Stream Bank Bio-Engineering. • Surface Roughening. • Triangular Silt Dike. • Turbidity Curtain. • Vegetative Buffer. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Reduce Water Velocity/Erosive Froces ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.16 Definition: The BMPs in this category retain water and soil particles/ contaminants on the work site. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce water discharge from the job site. Application: These BMPs work well: • In enclosed drainage systems. • In swales. • In open drainage systems. • In waterbodies. (bridge maintenance etc) Limitations: These BMPs should not be used when maintenance activities are conducted in locations that could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. These BMPs may be used if required by permit conditions. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Concrete Containment • Concrete Containment • Vactoring. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Containment ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.17 Definition: The BMPs in this category maintain or protect habitat. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to maintain or protect habitat by providing: • Bank/slope stabilization. • Spawning/rearing areas. • Habitat shading. • Reducing erosion by providing ground cover, binding soil particles with roots, and lowering water velocity. • Habitat for primary production. • Habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. Application: These BMPs work well in: • Riparian areas. • Sensitive areas. • Watercourses and streams. Limitations: These BMPs should be done in accordance with project design. Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: Comply with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Coir Fabric. • Coir Log. • Excelsior Filled Log. • Hand Seeding. • Hydroseeding. • Large Woody Material. • Live Staking. • Streambed Gravel. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Habitat Protection/maintenance ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.18 Definition: The BMPs in this category reduce the potential for the contaminants from the work area from entering the water. This outcome can be achieved by capturing falling particles from bridge or other over-water work. Desired Outcome: The desired outcome of these BMPs is to reduce contaminants from entering the water. Application: These BMPs work well: • On bridge or pipeline maintenance projects. Limitations: Refer to individual BMP (Part 2) limitations. Permit Conditions: When used in watercourses or streams, these BMPs must be used in accordance with permit requirements. Inspect and maintain BMPs according to these guidelines. BMP Options (include but not limited to): • Diaper Netting. • Plywood Work Platform. OUTCOME CATEGORY: Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling into Water ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.19 AQUA BARRIER 2.20 BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING 2.23 COFFERDAM 2.25 COIR FABRIC 2.28 COIR LOG 2.30 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.33 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.36 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.38 CONTINUOUS BERM 2.41 CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.44 DEWATERING 2.49 DIAPER NETTING 2.51 DITCH LINING 2.53 DIVERSION BERM 2.55 DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.57 DUST CONTROL 2.60 EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.62 FILTER FABRIC 2.64 GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.66 GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.70 HALF ROUND FILTER 2.71 HAND SEEDING 2.73 HYDROSEEDING 2.75 INLET PROTECTION 2.77 KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.84 LARGE WOODY MATERIAL 2.86 LIVE STAKING 2.91 MULCHING 2.95 PLASTIC COVERING 2.97 PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.99 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.20 RIP RAP 2.101 ROCK CHECK DAM 2.103 SANDBAG 2.107 SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.111 SILT FENCE 2.112 SILT MAT 2.115 SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK 2.117 SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.120 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.125 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.128 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.133 STRAW LOG 2.136 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION 2.139 STREAM BYPASS 2.140 STREAMBED GRAVEL 2.144 SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.146 SWEEPING 2.150 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.153 TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.156 TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.160 VACTORING 2.164 VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.166 WASHED ROCK 2.168 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil from Becoming Water– or Airborne Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 Continued ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.21 DESCRIPTION An aqua barrier is a manufactured vinyl tube filled with water to provide a temporary/portable dam or barrier positioned to contain or divert the movement of water. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing a dry construction area in a stream or waterway. • Providing a bypass for a stream or waterway. • Temporary reservoirs for water storage. • Excluding waters from work area under and around bridges or piers. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for stream diversion at a construction site. It may be used in fish habitat restoration, flood control, erosion control through diversion or containment of flowing water, silt containment, sedimentation collection or settling ponds, and/or as a portable dam. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • To cross more than 2/3 of the main flow of any salmonid bearing water at the time of the year when any life history stage of salmonids are expected to be present. (unless required by permit) • Other than specified by the manufacturer’s guidelines. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, aqua barriers must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for installation and safety measures. • Knives shall be worn by workers for emergency deflation. • Keep a repair kit on site in case of small punctures. BMP Aqua Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.22 • Remove any visible rocks or sharp objects prior to installing barrier. • The aqua barrier can be deployed on dry ground, in standing and/or flowing water. • Multiple aqua barriers can be joined with connections. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect BMPs several times daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Any required repairs shall be made. • Repair punctures with repair kit immediately. • Allow to dry before rolling up for storage. • Store away from chemicals, and above 10° F. BMP REMOVAL • Follow manufacturer recommendations for removal. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or reuse if applicable). • Water discharged from water barrier shall meet water quality temperature standards at the point of discharge. BMP: AQUA BARRIER (continued) Aqua barrier used as coffer dam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.23 BMP: AQUA BARRIER (continued) Installing aqua barrier in river to provide a dry construction area ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.24 DESCRIPTION Back of slope planting requires leaving the roadway slope clear for public safety. This BMP includes planting grass, forbs, small trees and brush. This BMP provides long term soil stabilization and/or reduces water velocity/ erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Ditch slopes vegetated with grass and forbs to reduce exposed soil. • Planting trees and brush outside of the ditch on the back of the slope allowing plants to grow over the ditch or channel. • Providing shade as long as it does not become a public safety hazard (No trees larger than 4-inches allowed in clear zone or recovery area). APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches (including ditches which are watercourses or streams) parallel to roadways or at road crossings. Revegetation plans will be done in accordance with permit requirements and federal highway safety design or standards. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. This BMP provides long term soil stabilization once plantings have been established. Soil stabilization can only be achieved in combination with other BMPs. For example; Grasses and forbs on shoulder and in ditch slopes with brush, shrubs or trees behind the ditch. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If it creates a potential public safety hazard. • In clear zone areas. • If it could cause water flow problems that may result in flooding of the roadway.. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Select appropriate native vegetation for the location. BMP Back of slope Planting ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.25 • Review planting guidelines; plant at the appropriate time of year. • Planting must be done in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect during plant establishment period. Replant, due to plant mortality, as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. DITCH CROSS SECTION BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING Trees/Shrubs (shade) Back of Slope Ditch Roadway Shoulder Grass Lined Slope ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.26 DESCRIPTION A cofferdam is a temporary structure built into a waterway to enclose a construction area and reduce sediment pollution from construction work in and under water. Cofferdams can be made of steel, rock, sand bags, wood or aqua barriers. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Dewatering construction areas. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in construction activities such as culvert installation, bridges, piers, or abutments. It may be used in combination with other barriers and is commonly used in conjunction with stream bypass and/or pumps. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In deep water unless designed or reviewed by an engineer. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, cofferdams must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix B for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Construction guidelines depend on cofferdam material selection. See pictures for construction details. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Repair gaps, holes or scour. BMP Cofferdam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.27 BMP: COFFERDAM (continued) BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). Sandbags used as a cofferdam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.28 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.29 DESCRIPTION Coir Fabric is a geo-textile product made from coconut fibers loosely woven into a fabric usually packaged in roll form. This fabric can be used to provide a reduction in water velocity/erosive forces and/or habitat protection/ maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Decreasing bank erosion in high flow/high velocity channels. • Long term slope stabilization. • Stream and riverbank stabilization. • Revegetation projects. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to provide stabilization/protection to the soil surface of steep slopes, stream and/or river banks. It can be used in combination with vegetation to reinforce soil in high flow/high velocity waters and on slopes as steep as 1 horizontal to 1 vertical. It may be used as bank stabilization before vegetation/re-vegetation has occurred. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In the streambed of a channel. • When short term biodegradability is required. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in water courses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • The fabric may be laid out horizontally or vertically on a slope. • Use stakes or staples to anchor fabric to ground. Use anchoring devices on the edges and in the field of the fabric. • Lay loosely on the surface so fabric makes contact with the ground. (Don’t stretch the fabric.) BMP Coir Fabric ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.30 • If the seam is perpendicular with water flow, overlap fabric at least 18- inches in the direction of water flow. • If the seam is parallel with the water flow, overlap edges at least 8- inches, staking both edges securely. • The fabric should be trenched at least 12" deep at top and bottom ends of the installation to prevent undercutting of the fabric. • Hand Seeding and/or Hydroseeding should occur prior to coir fabric placement. • Live staking may be done after coir fabric placement by piercing fabric. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the work week. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Coir fabric BMP: COIR FABRIC (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.31 DESCRIPTION A coir log is a manufactured coconut fiber log used as a structural and rooting mechanism for bioengineered systems. These logs can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, reduction in water velocity/erosive forces and habitat protection/maintenance. They may be cut or folded, to the appropriate length, to fit the desired location. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil particles. • Filtering soil particles and debris. • Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for temporary check dams in ditches of any dimension, temporary soil stockpile protection, drop inlet protection, temporary interceptor dike and swale, check dam in ditches and/or bank stabilization. Coir logs may also be used for habitat protection at the toe of a bank and can be incorporated with vegetative planting. This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. This BMP is particularly useful in areas where the effects of soil disturbance need to be minimized. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function. • When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if required by permit conditions. BMP Coir Log ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.32 CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Coir log installation must be done in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • BMP must be staked (wood only) to insure soil particle containment. • When using as a check dam, prior to installation, cut or fold to proper length. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Removal of BMP may not always be necessary. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. BMP: COIR LOG (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.33 Coir logs used as habitat protection at the toe of a bank BMP: COIR LOG (continued) Coir log used to allow settling and to decrease water velocity/erosive forces ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.34 DESCRIPTION C oncrete containment is the method(s) of containing uncured concrete that is pumped or poured into forms while repairing structures in or around watercourses. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing uncured concrete and chemicals from leaving the work site and entering the adjacent body of water. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used when dewatering is not possible for bridge repair work. Concrete containment devices may include fiberglass/steel column forms, a "Sea-form" bag system and/or steel plates to line work area. It may be used in combination with other BMPs such as cofferdams, turbidity curtains and/or dewatering/silt ponds. LIMITATIONS • Limitations are site specific. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Concrete containment systems should be designed or reviewed by an engineer. • Identify work site. • Isolate work area. If possible, dewater construction area. • As conditions allow, provide approved secondary containment. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of emergency or mechanical failure. • For tool and/or equipment cleanup onsite, a temporary sump may be used to contain water from cleanup. • Remove material from sump after cleanup is complete. BMP Concrete Containment ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.35 BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (continued) BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect structure during construction for leaks. • Repair any leaks in structure. • Contain and remove any excess materials, such as chemicals and/or concrete. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP as concrete and permit conditions require; this may be immediately or it may be up to 10 days after the concrete is cured (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.36 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.37 DESCRIPTION C oncrete containment is a method of containing uncured concrete pumped or poured into forms while constructing and/or repairing structures, such as sidewalks, curbs, gutters, manholes and catch basins. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Containing uncured concrete and chemicals from leaving the work site. • Containing water from exposed aggregate work areas. • Containing water from equipment cleanup. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used when performing flatwork, curb and gutter or utility concrete repair work. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS • Limitations are site specific. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Locate work area. • Isolate work area. • Install drain protection downslope, for example, filter fabric, drainage plug and/or use a Vactor truck. • Cover catch basins adjacent to work area with filter fabric. • For tool and/or equipment cleanup onsite, a temporary sump may be used to contain water from cleanup. • Remove material from sump after cleanup is complete. BMP Concrete Containment ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.38 BMP MAINTENANCE • Contain and remove any excess materials, such as chemicals and/or concrete. • Make sure onsite cleanup sump is of adequate size and overflow does not occur. • Remove sediment buildup as required. BMP REMOVAL • Remove waste material. • Re-vegetate and/or restore area disturbed by BMP. BMP: CONCRETE CONTAINMENT (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.39 DESCRIPTION A construction access road is a stabilized rock (or an alternative material) pad located at points of vehicular ingress and egress at a construction site. The construction access road may include a fabric underliner. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Allowing stability for vehicle access to construction sites. • Limiting mud and debris deposited on roadways from adjacent construction sites. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used at construction sites with unstable soils and/or steep slopes to gain traction, especially during wet weather. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • As the sole BMP. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Unsuitable material should be excavated prior to placement of fabric and rock. • Place an optional "fabric underliner" the full width and length of the access road, as required by design. • Compact road as appropriate. • Drainage is designed to state and local design standards (see sediment ponds). BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Materials spilled, dropped or tracked from vehicles onto roadways should be removed. BMP Construction Access Road ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.40 Access road installation • Water trucks will not be used to remove dropped, spilled, or tracked materials, unless the water can be treated by other BMPs. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP if appropriate (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate and/or restore area disturbed by BMP. BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.41 BMP: CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD (continued) Construction access road detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.42 DESCRIPTION A continuous berm is a temporary diversion dike or sediment barrier constructed with infill material, either soil, sand or gravel, encased within fabric. This BMP requires a Continuous Berm Machine (CBM) for filling and placing. A continuous berm can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Diverting sheet flow. • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining soil particles/debris on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal feet to 1 vertical foot. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Directly in water courses. • In front of storm outlets. BMP Continuous Berm ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.43 BMP: CONTINUOUS BERM (continued) CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Use a Continuous Berm Machine (follow operating manual). • Apply to relatively smooth surfaces to form a tight seal with ground. • A source of infill material is required (sand, gravel, or local soils). • Increase the elevation at the ends of the BMP installation to prevent "end runs." BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use is applicable). - Removal consists of slitting and removing the fabric. - Remove the infill material from the site or grade infill material into the existing shoulder or soil. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.44 Continuous berm machine Continuous berm retaining soil particles and debris Continuous berm intercepting water from construction area Continuous berm BMP: CONTINUOUS BERM (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.45 DESCRIPTION A curb inlet sediment trap is a temporary barrier constructed from concrete blocks, gravel, filter fabric or gravel bag filter. Geotextile grade covers and geotextile collectors (inserts) are available pre-manufactured. Curb inlet sediment traps can be used to provide filtering and settling of soil particles. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing the soil particles discharged into storm drains by settling and/ or filtering the runoff. • Allowing for overflow from high runoff events. • Allowing the ponded water to filter rapidly through gravel. APPLICATIONS These BMPs are used at curb inlets on gently sloping streets where water can pond and allow particles to filter or settle. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where the ponding area will encroach into the travel lanes or pedestrian walkways. • Steep grades. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • A spillway structure shall be constructed with the sandbags to allow overflow. • Place sandbags in a curved row from the top of curb at least 3 feet into the street; curve the ends upward. • Overlap several layers of bags and pack • Leave a one-sandbag gap at the upstream end in the top row to act as a spillway. • Slope runoff should flow over blocks and gravel and not be bypassed over the curb. BMP Curb Inlet Sediment Trap ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.46 • Install pre-manufactured grade covers and geo-textile collectors in accordance with manufacturer specifications. • Install grade covers, geo-textile collectors, or filter fabric on top of or in front of the inlet. Construct a small dam immediately of the inlet to stop flow. BMP MAINTENANCE • Sediment shall be removed. • If the gravel becomes clogged with sediment, it must be carefully removed from the inlet and either cleaned or replaced. • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Use vacuum sweeper or hand broom to clean road surface. • Use "Vactor-Truck" to clean drainage system. A silt sock installed in a catch basin to trap/filter waterborne soil particles BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.47 BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.48 BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) Curb inlet sediment trap detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.49 BMP: CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) Curb inlet sediment trap detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.50 DESCRIPTION D ewatering can be used to keep water from a work area by using any or all of the following: pump, barrier, vactor, or bypass culvert. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Allowing work to be performed in dewatered conditions. • Reducing the transport of soil particles by flowing water. • Reducing the liquefaction of soils. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in, but not limited to, ditches, watercourses or streams, channels, swales and excavations. It will generally be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flows are greater than pump capacity. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Determine if the project will require continuous dewatering. • Schedule pumping, monitoring, equipment and maintenance activities accordingly. • Dewatering must be used in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Install a "Keep Water from Work Area" BMP. • Install dewatering devices. • Install site specific barrier, prior to dewatering, to prevent exterior water from entering construction area. • Ensure water discharged from the site reduces erosion. BMP Dewatering ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.51 • Dewatered water will be discharged to: • A containment device. • A sanitary sewage system. • Other BMPs to reduce water borne soil particles prior to the water being reintroduced to a storm drainage system, water course or stream. BMP MAINTENANCE • Schedule pumping, monitoring, equipment and maintenance activities in accordance with dewatering needs. • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs as needed. • Inspect bypass, pump, and barrier periodically. Make necessary repairs. • Check for erosion at discharge. Repair or move as necessary. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Reintroduce water gradually. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: DEWATERING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.52 DESCRIPTION D iaper/netting is a fine mesh netting or canvas suspended under a bridge, pipeline or pier to catch debris during construction or maintenance activities. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Catching and containing falling debris (such as: concrete, wood chips, sawdust, slag and metal) from entering water during construction, maintenance and repair activities. APPLICATIONS This BMP is used in bridge, pipeline or pier construction and repairs. It may also be used in maintenance activities such as cleaning and painting. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • During periods of high winds that reduce the effectiveness of the BMP. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Multiple nets with different mesh sizes may be required, depending upon the work tasks performed. Mesh size gets progressively smaller from top to bottom. • Attach diaper/netting securely prior to starting work. • Remove diaper/netting carefully after work, not allowing debris to fall. • Maintain separation between diaper/netting and water surface. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Crew must provide progressive clean up of debris during the day. BMP Diaper Netting ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.53 BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed. • Remove debris on BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Inspect after job is complete to make sure diaper/netting is in good repair for next project. BMP: DIAPER NETTING (continued) Diaper netting under bridge Netting with suspended framework ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.54 DESCRIPTION D itch lining provides a long/short-term erosion resistant lining of the ditch flow line and side slopes utilizing biodegradable or non-biodegradable geo-textile fabrics and/or angular rock to stabilize ditches and channels from erosion and soil particle movement. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Protecting the soil from erosive forces of concentrated runoff. • Slowing the velocity of concentrated runoff while enhancing the potential for infiltration and vegetation growth. • Stabilizing slopes adjacent to ditches which have seepage problems and/ or non-cohesive soils. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches, channels, swales and banks or slopes. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used directly in water courses unless required by permit. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Plan for site specific uses. • Use design specifications when available. • Channels should be constructed with a wide and shallow cross section. BMP MAINTENANCE • During the initial establishment, inspection should occur and any necessary repair made. BMP Ditch Lining ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.55 • Grass seed should be applied in accordance with manufacturer specifications. • After implementation, the channel should be inspected periodically to determine if channel is withstanding flow velocities without damage. • Check the channel for debris, scour, or erosion and make necessary repairs. • Remove all significant sediment accumulations to maintain the desired flow line and capacity during maintenance activity. • Check channel slopes, outlets and all road crossings for bank stability and evidence of erosion, during maintenance activity, and make repairs as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • BMP removal is not always necessary. BMP: DITCH LINING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.56 DESCRIPTION A diversion berm is a temporary ridge of compacted soil constructed at the top or base of a disturbed slope. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Diverting storm runoff from upslope drainage areas away from unprotected disturbed areas and toward a stabilized outlet. • Diverting sediment-laden runoff from a disturbed area to a sediment- containment facility such as a sediment trap or a sediment basin. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used wherever stormwater runoff must be temporarily diverted away from a disturbed slope and toward a sediment containment facility. These structures generally have a life expectancy of 18 months or less. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If water flow is likely to erode the berm. • If there is inadequate space for construction. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Berms should be installed as a first step in the land-disturbing activity. • The berm should be adequately compacted to reduce failure. • Minimum freeboard can be 0.3 feet. • Temporary seeding and mulch can be applied to the berm following construction of the berm. • Clear plastic may be used as an additional erosion control method. See "Plastic Covering" BMP construction guidelines. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Diversion Berm ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.57 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • During long term implementation inspect once every two weeks, whether a storm has occurred or not. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: DIVERSION BERM (continued) Diversion berm detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.58 DESCRIPTION A diversion channel is constructed across a slope with a supporting earthen ridge on the lower side. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing slope length. • Intercepting and diverting stormwater runoff to stabilized outlets at non- erosive velocities. • Intercepting sheet flow. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used where runoff from areas of higher elevation may damage property, cause erosion, or interfere with the establishment of vegetation on downslope areas. It may also be used where surface and/or shallow subsurface flow is damaging a slope and where the slope length needs to be reduced to minimize soil loss. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If the downslope is greater than 2 horizontal by 1 vertical. • If water flow is likely to erode the channel. • If there is inadequate space for construction. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • The diversion channel shall be excavated or shaped to line, grade and cross-section as required: - Side slopes of the channel shall be no steeper than 2 horizontal by 1 vertical. - Minimum freeboard shall be 0.3 feet. • Compact fill material as needed to prevent unequal settlement. BMP Diversion Channel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.59 • Temporary seeding and mulch can be applied to the channel following construction of the channel. • Clear plastic may be used as an additional erosion control method. See "Plastic Covering" BMP construction guidelines. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Seeded areas which fail to establish a vegetative cover shall be reseeded as necessary. • During long term implementation inspect periodically, whether a storm has occurred or not. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: DIVERSION CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.60 BMP: DIVERSION CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.61 DESCRIPTION D ust control is the use of water, products, and/or measures for reducing wind erosion. Particles moved by wind may cause air pollution, soil loss and/or water quality degradation. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing soil particle travel by wind due to construction or maintenance operation activities. • Reducing air and water pollution. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used on construction sites, roads, shoulders, operating headquarters or pit/quarry sites. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. Protecting the soil surface is accomplished through measures such as roughening the soil to reduce the surface wind velocity, applying straw/mulch, water, matting, hydroseeding, plastic covering, Lignum derivative, or Magnesium Chloride. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • With straw in locations where compaction is required (for example, roadway shoulders or road bases). • If a chemical suppressant could enter watercourses or streams. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Water, Lignum derivative, or Magnesium Chloride can be applied by mechanical means. • A temporary straw covering may be applied by hand to a small area of exposed soil where compaction is not required. • Surface roughening may be accomplished by using a machine. • Create a berm downslope to control possible runoff from watering. BMP Dust Control ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.62 BMP MAINTENANCE • During the construction period, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Make any required repairs. • Reapply BMP as needed. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of wind erosion has passed). • Straw removal may be necessary if the area is to be re-vegetated. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. Wetting down stockpiles to reduce airborne soil particles Water wagon wetting down field for dust control BMP: DUST CONTROL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.63 DESCRIPTION A n excelsior filled log is a manufactured log filled with curled wood excelsior. When cut or folded to appropriate length, these logs can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, reduction in water velocity/erosive forces and habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing slope length to capture and retain sediment on the slope. • Temporarily stabilizing slopes by reducing soil creep, sheet and rill erosion until permanent vegetation can be established. • Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil particles. • Filtering soil particles and debris. • Reducing water velocity and erosive forces. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches or across culvert ends of any dimension. Excelsior filled logs may also be used for habitat protection at the toe of a bank and can be incorporated with vegetative planting. It may be used instead of straw logs, coir logs, or straw bale filtering systems. Excelsior filled logs may also be used for perimeter sediment control. This BMP may be used in gullies and stream channels as check dams in conjunction with gabions, rip rap, articulated block, or cellular confinement systems. It may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), turf reinforcement mats, coir mats, continuous berms and other erosion control material. Excelsior filled logs may be used to replace silt fences or straw bales on steep slopes. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. BMP Excelsior Filled Log ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.64 LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function. • For long term applications. • When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if required by permit conditions. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Excelsior filled log must be placed in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes, in 2-3 inch deep trench. • Spacing depends on soil type and slope steepness. • abut any adjacent logs. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • See "Live Staking", "Handseeding" and/or "Hydroseeding" BMP for planting. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. • BMP removal may not be necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.65 DESCRIPTION F ilter fabric is a permeable material made with fibers. It may be a woven or non-woven fabric and is usually packaged in roll form. This fabric can be used to reduce potential for soil becoming water borne, filter/ perimeter protection and/or settling. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Filtering soil particles from water. • Stabilizing and reinforcing soils. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in drainage filtration, to reinforce paved and unpaved roads, stabilize access or haul roads and to separate soils. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In the streambed of a channel. • When short term biodegradability is required. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used near watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Some applications may be designed or reviewed by an engineer. - Woven filter fabric should only be used for soil separation, road reinforcement and soil separation. - Non-woven filter fabric should only be used for drainage filtration although it may be used under unpaved roads in certain circumstances. - Use according to manufacturers details. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Filter Fabric ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.66 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • If used as a filter, remove sediment buildup from in front of the BMP. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). • BMP removal may not be necessary when it is part of the final structure. BMP: FILTER FABRIC (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.67 DESCRIPTION A grass lined channel is the vegetative lining of a ditch, watercourse, stream, or swale to protect it from erosion and to provide filter/perimeter protection. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited: • Reducing erosion by providing ground cover, binding soil particles with roots, and lowering water velocity. • Providing filter/perimeter protection. • Providing habitat for primary production. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used where a vegetative lining can provide sufficient stability for the channel grade by decreasing velocity; where site conditions require establishment of vegetation (climate, soil and topography are present). This BMP may be used in combination with other bank stabilizing methods. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When maintenance activities are conducted in locations which could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions. • In locations where there is frequent turbulence with flows likely to rip out grass lining, creating erosion and plugging of system. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • This BMP must be used in accordance with applicable permit requirements. BMP Grass Lined Channel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.68 BMP MAINTENANCE • During initial vegetation establishment, inspection should occur and any necessary repairs made. • After vegetation establishment, the channel should be inspected periodically to determine if the channel is withstanding flow velocities without damage. • Check the channel for debris, scour, or erosion and make repairs. • Remove all significant sediment accumulations to maintain the designed carrying capacity. Debris such as litter, car parts, appliances and items that pose a risk to public safety should be removed. Any LWM that falls into the channel and does not pose a threat to public safety or structure damage should be left in place or relocated to an area that is not a public safety hazard or ROW structure problem. • Check channel outlet and all road crossings for bank stability, evidence of piping or scour holes and make repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Grass lined channel: reducing erosion by providing ground cover Grass lined channel: providing a filter BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.69 BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.70 BMP: GRASS LINED CHANNEL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.71 DESCRIPTION A gravel filled sump is a constructed sump filled with gravel and a standing perforated pipe or bucket that allows pumping filtered water out of a non-erosive location. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Dewatering construction sites. • Filtering sediment from water. APPLICATIONS This BMP is used in conjunction with flow bypass. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When peak flows exceed the pump capacity. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Excavate hole at least 3 feet deep. • Line the base and sides of the hole with filter fabric. • Place perforated pipe inside the hole. • Shore up pipe by adding washed rock to space between hole and pipe exterior. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect bypass, pump, and sump periodically. Repair any leaks immediately. • Check for scour at bypass outfall. Repair or move as necessary. • Provide sediment filtration. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP when in water work is complete. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP Gravel Filled Sump ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.72 DESCRIPTION T he half round filter BMP is one-half section of perforated pipe cut (with optional filter fabric lining) and filled with washed rock. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Filtering sediment from water. • Reducing water velocity. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used at construction sites to filter sediment-laden water pumped from construction area. This BMP may be used with other sediment control BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In fast flowing water. • To filter water with a high percentage of fines. • As the sole BMP. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Make sure pump head (if used) is secured within washed rock. • Make sure length of pipe and amount of rock is sufficient for site. • Have additional washed rock available on site. • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. BMP MAINTENANCE • Evaluate half round filter and pump (if used) periodically to ensure BMP is functioning properly. • Check for scour at outfall. • Check outlet to make sure water is running clear. If not, add washed rock. BMP Half Round Filter ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.73 BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: HALF-ROUND FILTER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.74 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.75 DESCRIPTION H and seeding is broadcasting grass seed on disturbed areas by hand or a hand seeding device. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water or air borne, to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Establishing vegetation in sparse, bare and/or exposed soil areas. • Decreasing soil erosion. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used after soil disturbance is completed at construction sites. This BMP may be used in areas that need to be permanently or temporarily vegetated. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In months when seed germination will not occur. (In winter months, see "Mulching" and/or "Plastic Covering" BMPs). CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Seed mixes vary. Seed selection should be based on the intended use of the area it is applied to, for example, low growing grass versus ditch bank grass. • Spread seed uniformly and according to manufacturer’s recommendations. • Cover with other methods as needed to protect surface (for example, light application of mulch, jute matting). BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect during seed establishment period. Re-seed, due to mortality, as necessary. • Schedule additional inspections during storm events and/or heavy BMP Hand Seeding ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.76 rainfall. Check for scour and sloughing; any required repairs shall be made. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP: HAND SEEDING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.77 DESCRIPTION H ydroseeding is broadcasting grass seed, tackifier, wood fiber mulch and water on disturbed areas by using a hydroseeding machine. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water or air borne, to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Establishing vegetation in sparse, bare and/or exposed soil areas over a large site. • Decreasing soil erosion. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used after soil disturbance is completed at construction sites. This BMP may be used in areas that need to be permanently or temporarily vegetated. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In months when seed germination will not occur. (In winter months, see "Mulching" and/or "Plastic Covering" BMPs). • During strong winds or freezing weather. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Seed mixes vary. Seed selection should be based on the intended use of the area it is applied to. For example low growing grass versus ditch bank grass. • Spread seed uniformly and according to manufacturer’s recommendations. • Cover hydroseeded area with other methods as needed. • Hydroseeding should be applied after finish grading and/or surface roughening. Application may depend on slope, soil, exposure and time of year. • Tackifier and/or moisture retention agent may need to be added, per state BMP Hydroseeding ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.78 BMP: HYDROSEEDING (continued) standard. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect during seed establishment period. Re-seed, due to mortality, as necessary. • Schedule additional inspections during storm events and/or heavy rainfall. Check for scour and sloughing; any required repairs shall be made. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Erosion protection and vegetation establishment after maintenance work ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.79 DESCRIPTION I nlet protection is a sediment filter located at the inlet to a storm drainage conveyance. It may be an external structure such as a filter fence box or a gravel berm. Inlet protection may also be an internal device such as a silt sock or a silt trap. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing soil particles from entering storm drainage systems. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches at the inlet to enclosed drainage systems. They may also be used in manholes or catch basins. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where there are traffic conflicts. • In areas where it creates excessive ponding. • To remove excessive fines. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Refer to sketches on following pages for details and specific construction guidelines. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP Inlet Protection ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.80 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection: filter fence surrounding catch basin to reduce soil particles from entering drainage system BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.81 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection details ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.82 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.83 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.84 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.85 BMP: INLET PROTECTION (continued) Inlet protection detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.86 DESCRIPTION A Kimble filter is a perforated pipe (with an optional filter fabric wrap, depending on soil types) added to an existing inlet pipe, surrounded by washed rock. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Filtering sediment from water entering existing pipe at construction area. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in open drainage system maintenance and in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When the inlet elevation for the perforated pipe extension exceeds the surrounding bank height. • To remove excessive fines unless the optional filter fabric is used. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Secure perforated pipe onto existing pipe and wrap in filter fabric as needed. • Fill washed rock high enough to ensure filtration. BMP MAINTENANCE • Check outfall periodically. Revise methods if water is not running clear. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP Kimble Filter Pipe ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.87 Kimble filter detail BMP: KIMBLE FILTER PIPE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.88 DESCRIPTION L arge Woody Material (LWM) is any large piece of woody material (including the trunk and root mass) that intrudes or is imbedded in the stream channel. Woody materials affects local flow velocities, streambed and streambank stability, and local stream characteristics. For example: see DOE, WDFW, and/or King County Bank Stabilization Guidelines. LWM is used to reduce water velocity/erosive forces and to provide habitat for fish. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Improving aquatic habitat by re-directing flows away from eroding banks, providing cover, creating pools and storing sediment. • Providing stream bed and bank stabilization. APPLICATIONS When incorporating woody material into projects, it is necessary to identify the desired engineering performance and the desired habitat benefits. Each project must be specifically tailored to meet the engineering objectives identified for the habitat requirements of the target species. It can be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When the specific design requirements and desired habitat benefits have not been identified. • Without consideration of the factors that influence the relative permanence of the wood in the stream channel. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • These will vary based on existing site conditions, design features, size and shape of the wood, its exposure to the forces exerted by moving water, and its resistance to movement because of wedging, or embedding with adjacent materials. BMP Large Woody Material ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.89 • Construct in accordance with design, specifications and permit conditions. BMP MAINTENANCE • Monitor the large woody material to ensure it remains "as built" during construction. • Consult a biologist for specific repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. Large woody debris placed in streambed to provide salmonid refuge. Note use of streambed gravel, dewatering with pump, and mulching BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.90 BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) Large woody material placed in streambed to provide fish refuge. Note use of streambed gravel, mulch, and coir fabric Large woody material placed in a streambed to provide salmonid refuge. Note use of turbidity curtain , streambed gravel, silt fence, coir fabric, mulching, and stream bypass ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.91 BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.92 BMP: LARGE WOODY MATERIAL (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.93 DESCRIPTION L ive stake planting involves the insertion of live, vegetative cuttings into the ground in a manner that allows the cutting (stake) to take root and grow. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water borne, to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment, and to aid in habitat protection/maintenance. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Using a system of live stakes to create a root mat that stabilizes the soil by reinforcing and binding soil particles together. • Using it in conjunction with other practices to provide for an increase in site stability. • Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or watercourse banks. • Providing habitat for primary production. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to repair small earth slips and slumps. It may be used to reinforce or enhance stream channel banks. Live staking may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), excelsior filled logs, backslope planting, coir logs/fabric, or other erosion control material. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where vegetation growth will interfere with maintenance and/or facility access. • Where vegetation growth will interfere with sight distance and/or create safety issues. • For immediate soil stabilization results. BMP Live Staking ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.94 CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Live staking must be done in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. • Harvesting and planting should optimally occur during the dormant season (late fall to early spring). • Use healthy live wood that is at least one year old. • Make a clean angular cut at the butt end. Cutting should be a minimum of 24-inches long (for best results, use 36-inch long cutting) and up to 3" in diameter. • For best results, prior to installation, soak cuttings in water for a minimum of 24 hours. • Use a pilot bar (or similar device) in firm soils to establish a planting hole. • Plantings should be inserted into the ground 2/3 the length of the stake. Re-cut any damaged or split ends after installation. • Tamp soil around stake. BMP MAINTENANCE • Periodic inspection, repair and maintenance will be done in accordance with permit requirements. If no permits are required, vegetation will be monitored until the vegetation is established. • Staked area may need to be watered during summer months. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP: LIVE STAKING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.95 BMP: LIVE STAKING (continued) Staked streambank to provide vegetative cover once vegetation has established Using straw and live staking to reduce erosion and provide vegetative cover once vegetation has established ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.96 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.97 DESCRIPTION M ulching is the application of straw, wood chips, or other suitable materials on the soil surface applied manually or by machine. This BMP is used to reduce potential for soil becoming water borne or air borne and to reduce water velocity/erosive forces after vegetation establishment. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing erosion by protecting the soil surface from raindrop impact or wind. • Decreasing surface water or wind velocity impacts. • Fostering the growth of vegetation by increasing available moisture and providing insulation against extreme heat and cold. APPLICATIONS This BMP can be used in areas to provide protection to the soil surface. Areas that have been seeded can be mulched to provide additional protection. This BMP may be used in combination with plantings of trees, shrubs, certain ground covers or in conjunction with seeding. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • On slopes steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. • In watercourses and streams. • In ditches where water flow is continuous. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used near watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Mulch should be applied so that the soil is covered sufficiently enough to allow seeds to germinate, but also protects the soil from erosion. • Nets and matting may be used in combination with mulch. • Various types and sizes of mulch are available. BMP Mulching ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.98 • If used to stabilize soil from wind forces, the mulch needs to be tilled or incorporated into the soil. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Additional mulch should be applied where erosion or scouring occurs. • If a tear occurs in the cover netting or matting, repair as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary under normal circumstances. Using straw to reduce erosion in a slide area prior to a major stabilizing project BMP: MULCHING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.99 DESCRIPTION P lastic covering is used to cover exposed areas, which need immediate protection from erosion. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing immediate temporary erosion protection to slopes, piles and disturbed areas that cannot be covered by mulching. • Protecting exposed surfaces from water and/or wind erosion. • Used in winter months as a temporary erosive control device when grass seed will not germinate. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in disturbed areas, which require immediate erosion protection, areas seeded during winter and spring to aid in germination and for protection from heavy rain. Plastic covering may be used on steep slopes, construction sites and on stockpiles and/or excess materials. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • For long term erosion control. • Without controlling surface water runoff from the plastic covered area. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Plastic must be secured by staking or using weight (i.e. sandbag or tires) to prevent movement. Rebar must not be used as a staking mechanism. • Plastic covering must be "keyed" in at the top of the slope. • Additional BMPs, such as a berm and/or sediment control, must be used to control surface water runoff from plastic. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Plastic Covering ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.100 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Replace damaged sections of plastic. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). Plastic covering used as erosion protection on a slope at construction/repair area. Note additional use of mulch in area Plastic covering used as a temporary erosion control on slope at slide area after storm and before repair Plastic covering used to protect exposed surface from erosion during construction/repair activities BMP: PLASTIC COVERING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.101 DESCRIPTION A plywood work platform is a temporary work area under bridges or piers consisting of framework, plywood, scaffolding and/or tarps. This BMP is used to reduce the potential for debris and contaminants falling into water. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing a safe and efficient working environment. • Containing fallen debris (concrete, wood chips, sawdust, slag and metal) from entering water during construction, maintenance and repair activities. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used under most small timber bridges, pipelines or piers. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where spans exceed 16 feet from bent to bent. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Framework is usually 4 in. x 6 in. joists 16 inches on center which span the stream. • 3/4 in. x 4 ft. x 8 ft. plywood is placed flat and tight, edge to edge, on joists, and tacked with 6 d nails for easy removal. • Tarps are placed over the plywood deck and draped vertically approximately 36 in. high at the abutment wall of the deck and over the hand rails at the other edges. • A truck mounted bridge work platform may be an option, depending on location and scope of work. • A fire extinguisher shall be on hand at all times for spark and fire suppression. • Ensure that plywood platform and tarp do not enter the water. BMP Plywood Work Platform ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.102 BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Crew must provide frequent clean up of debris during the day. • Rips or tears in the tarp must be repaired. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed. • Remove debris on BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate bridge abutment area disturbed by maintenance activities (if applicable). Plywood work platform providing a safe work environment and containing fallen debris from entering water during construction, maintenance, and repair activities BMP: PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.103 DESCRIPTION R ip rap is a long-term, erosion-resistant ground cover. It is composed of large, loose, angular rock which may be used to stabilize embankments and ditches. An optional filter fabric or granular underlining may be used. PURPOSE This BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Protecting the soil from the erosive forces of concentrated runoff. • Reducing the velocity of runoff while enhancing the potential for infiltration. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for stabilization of steep slopes with seepage problems and/or unstable soils that need armoring to prevent sloughing, turbidity, and roadway or shoulder failure. This BMP should be used as a last resort in locations where planting or other stabilizing methods are impracticable. Rip rap may also be used to fill minor washouts along ditch lines, at culvert exits and entrances and shoulders. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used in watercourses or streams: • Without permit review and approval. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. For applications outside of watercourses or streams, there are no limitations, other than design constraints. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • In locations where permits are required, rip rap must be placed in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. BMP Rip Rap ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.104 • Remove unstable and unusable soil. • Shape the sub-base to conform to site. • Install fabric (if applicable). • Place rip rap. MAINTENANCE • Inspect periodically to determine if high flows have caused scour beneath the rip rap or filter fabric. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal may not be necessary. If BMP is removed, it should be done in accordance with design and applicable permits. Rip rap used to provide bank stability Rip rap placed on slope for increased stability BMP: RIP RAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.105 DESCRIPTION A rock check dam is a small temporary or permanent dam constructed across a swale or drainage ditch. A rock check dam can be used to provide settling of soil particles and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing water velocity/erosive forces. • Trapping soil particles generated from adjacent areas or the drainage ditch. APPLICATIONS Rock check dams may be used to aid in sediment trapping from a work site. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. - When it affects fish passage. For applications outside of watercourses or streams, there are no limitations, other than design constraints. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • In locations whererock check dams are required, rock check dam must be placed in accordance with design and/or permit conditions. The maximum height of the dam shall be 3 feet. • The center of the check dam must be at least 6 inches lower than the outer edges. • For added stability, the base of the check dam can be keyed into the soil approximately 6 inches. • Maximum spacing between the dams should be such that the toe of the BMP Rock Check Dam ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.106 upgrade dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downgrade dam. • Filter fabric may be used under the stone to provide a stable foundation and to facilitate the removal of the rock. • Use in small open channels. • Refer to sketches on following pages for details. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Repair damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. • Inspection on a regular basis should ensure that the center of the dam is lower than the edges. Erosion around the edges of the dam should be corrected. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM (continued) Rock check dam in ditch to provide reduction in water velocity ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.107 BMP: ROCK CHECK DAM (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.108 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.109 DESCRIPTION A sandbag is a pre-manufactured cloth or plastic bag (polypropylene) filled with sand or gravel. Sandbags can be used to keep water from the work area, for settling and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • A barrier. • A protective barrier against flooding. • Using in combination with other methods, to form a cofferdam. • Using as a sediment filter (when used with clean pea gravel). • Using as a ballast. • Other multi-purpose situations. APPLICATIONS Sandbags may be used during emergencies to build walls and control the flow and level of water. It may be used in combination with other barriers. This BMP may be used during construction to form walls in dewatered areas, for example, cofferdams, and for various other impromptu situations. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where permit conditions state otherwise. • When maintenance activities conducted in locations could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will be used if required by permit conditions. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in watercourses or streams, this BMP must be used in accordance with permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • If sandbag filling is to be used as streambed gravel, it must be washed prior to filling bags, appropriately sized according to design and placed in accordance with permit conditions. Wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear. • Secure ends of sandbags to ensure material does not scatter. BMP Sandbag ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.110 • When used as a barrier, stack bags together and in alternating, brick-layer fashion. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Replace damaged sandbags. • Repair damaged sandbag berm due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. • Check bags often for seepage and replace or add as needed. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). • Gravel filled bags may be split and the contents left in place, in streams, when so stated in the specific permit conditions (Bags are to be removed from job site). BMP: SANDBAG (continued) Sandbags acting as a barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.111 BMP: SANDBAG (continued) Sandbags holding bypass pipe in place and detaining sediment laden water on site A sandbag barrier used to decrease water velocity. Note use of silt mat and hydroseeding to decrease erosion and to increase vegetation in channel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.112 BMP: SANDBAG (continued) Sandbags used in combination with plastic and strawbales serving as a barrier Sandbags filled with washed rock acting as a filter ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.113 DESCRIPTION S edimentation sumps provide a sump within the flow line of ditches, swales, or channels to allow soil particles to collect and settle. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Collecting soil particles by settlement. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in areas where water quantity or velocities within steeper sloped ditches, swales, or channels are transporting sediment or material and impacting structures or habitat. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • To remove excessive fines. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Place rim of structure at flow line elevation. • Structures can be sized based on the quantity of soil particles and space availability within the transport facility. • Structures can be placed with other BMPs such as ditch linings or grass lining. • Structures can be placed in transport facilities where they collect sediment prior to pipe crossings into streams, wetlands, sensitive areas, or structures that easily plug with sediment. BMP MAINTENANCE • Structures should be monitored after rainfall events for determination of cleaning schedule and frequency. • Structures can be cleaned when necessary utilizing vactor truck used in cleaning of catch basins. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP Sedimentation Sump ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.114 DESCRIPTION A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of fabric stretched across and attached to supporting posts and entrenched into the soil. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow for filtering or settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retain soil particles on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for perimeter protection. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal feet to 1 vertical foot. On relatively flat slopes, the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • Directly in perennial streams or water courses. • Around drop inlets. • In front of storm drain inlets. • As a diversion dam. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • The BMP should be placed along contours. BMP Silt Fence ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.115 • The bottom of the fabric must be continuously and securely anchored for its entire length to reduce undermining. • The height of the fence shall be adequate to reduce the potential of silt from leaving the job site. • There must be at least a 3-foot overlap at vertical seams to avoid leakage. Both ends of the overlap must be securely attached to posts. • Increase the elevation at the ends of the BMP installation to prevent "end runs." BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Replace damaged sections of fabric. • Repair damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized- potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. Silt fence being installed on a temporary access road; used as perimeter protection BMP: SILT FENCE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.116 BMP: SILT FENCE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.117 DESCRIPTION A silt mat is a flat pre-manufactured pad made in three layers: jute mesh, excelsior, and burlap. The pads are 4 feet by 10 feet and are biodegradable. Sediment passes through the mat layers and is held by the burlap layer. Silt mats can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling and reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of soil particles. • Preventing erosion at discharge points. APPLICATIONS It may be used at pump discharges, pipe outlets, and/or of work sites to retain soil particles and provide stabilization. It may also be used in ditch lines. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • As the only BMP when excessive soil particles are present. • In high flow rates. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • This BMP may be used singly or in a group on the streambed immediately of a work site. • Silt mats should be installed with either staples or stakes. • There is no need for disposal. Place on adjacent slope or leave in place after use and add seed and mulch to stabilize the slope. • Joints need to be overlapped according to flow. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. BMP Silt Mat ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.118 • Sediment loads should be monitored frequently to ensure the silt mat’s capacity load is not exceeded. Replace silt mats before capacity is reached. (Unless used in conjunction with re-vegetation). • Check periodically for gaps. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Silt mat may be incorporated into permanent stabilization/re-vegetation process. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: SILT MAT (continued) Silt mat installed in ditch to decrease erosion and allow settlement of suspended solids ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.119 DESCRIPTION A siltation pond/settling tank is a temporary containment structure or area for silt laden water to be initially discharged. After sufficient settling, the water may be discharged to sanitary sewer, storm drainage system or other BMP. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Allowing soil particles to settle prior to water being discharged off-site. • Settling water borne soil particles on site. • Controlling the flow of water through a settling tank may require a control structure such as a tee fitting, an oil/water separator or an orifice. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used wherever silt laden water must be removed from a construction site. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP (Siltation Pond) should not be used: • In soils that are not compatible for filtration, unless a liner is used. • If there is inadequate space to process the volume of sediment-laden water. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Silt ponds must be installed according to applicable permit requirements. • Water discharged from siltation pond/settling tank shall meet permit requirements at the point of discharge. • If an existing Retention/Detention facility or Settling Pond is near by, it may be utilized. • Check site to determine if there is adequate space for pond excavation. • Portable tanks may be used where ponds can not be constructed. • Siltation pond should be designed according to surface water design standards. BMP Siltation Pond/Settling Tank ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.120 BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK (continued) Large silt pond with turbidity curtain in place • Stabilize pipe outlet to minimize scour and erosion. • An optional liner may be used in ponds where soils are incompatible with filtration BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Inspect filtering or control devices frequently. Repair or replace them to ensure that the structure functions as designed. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine pond/tank is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). - Follow engineer’s recommendations for removal of BMP. - Recycle excess construction materials if feasible. - When siltation pond is removed it shall be in such a manner as to minimize disturbance. Remaining sediment shall be removed and/ or disposed of according to permit conditions. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal according to permit (if applicable). ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.121 BMP: SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK (continued) A settling tank in use to allow onsite containment of water borne soil particles Settling tank ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.122 DESCRIPTION S oil stabilization can be accomplished through the installation of a protective blanket (covering) or a soil stabilization mat on a prepared planting area, a steep slope, channel and/or shoreline. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing erosion. • Providing a microclimate that protects young vegetation and promotes its establishment. • "Reinforcing the turf" to resist the forces of erosion during storm events. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used on short, steep slopes where erosion hazard is high and planting is likely to be slow in establishment. It may also be used on stream banks or tidal shorelines where moving water is likely to wash out new plantings. Soil stabilization blankets and matting may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In watercourses or streams without proper permits. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Installation is site specific. • See following drawings and specifications. BMP MAINTENANCE • If vegetation is incorporated, inspect during the plant establishment period. Re-plant, due to mortality, as necessary. • Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Check for erosion or undermining; any required repairs shall be made. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. BMP Soil Stabilization (blankets and matting) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.123 Stabilizing the soil using matting and hydroseeding Stabilizing the soil in a sensitive area using blankets Lining a ditch with soil stabilization matting to reduce erosion ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.124 BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.125 BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.126 BMP: SOIL STABILIZATION (BLANKETS AND MATTING) (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.127 DESCRIPTION A strawbale barrier is a small temporary barrier constructed across a non-fish bearing swale, gully, or drainageway. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/ perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/ erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of soil particles from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining soil particles on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in areas where permanent stabilization cannot be accomplished immediately. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. • Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Place bales in a single row perpendicular to the flow, with ends abutting one another. BMP Straw Bale Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.128 • The bottoms of the end bales should be placed higher in elevation than the top of the middle bale spillway to ensure sediment-laden runoff will flow over the barrier, and not around it. • Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration. • Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4 inches. • Gaps between bales shall be sealed by wedging straw in the space to limit escaping water. • Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the ground a minimum depth of 18 inches. • See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. • Any required repairs shall be made. (Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting). • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP. • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.129 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.130 DESCRIPTION A straw bale barrier is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of a row of entrenched and anchored straw bales. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/ perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/ erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining sediment on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for perimeter sediment control. It may be used in combination with other barriers. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • Directly in watercourses or streams when fish are present. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: – Required or allowed by permit conditions. BMP Straw Bale Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.131 – Required by other regulations. – Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Bales shall be placed in a single row, on the contour, with ends of adjacent bales abutting one another. (If area does not allow a single row, additional rows need to be installed in a staggered fashion). • Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration. • Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4 inches. • Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the ground a minimum depth of 18 inches. • Gaps between bales shall be sealed by wedging straw in the space to limit escaping water. • Loose straw scattered over the area immediately uphill from the bale may increase barrier efficiency. • See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. • Any required repairs shall be made. (Repair any damaged BMPs due to end runs or undercutting). • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.132 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) Straw Bale Barrier reducing water velocity and erosive forces. Note other BMPs also being used ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.133 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.134 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.135 DESCRIPTION A straw barrier is a temporary barrier consisting of straw bales and a rock spillway placed across small drainage areas or gently sloping swales. It is generally installed perpendicular to the flow direction to slow or stop water and to allow filter/perimeter protection, settling of soil particles, and/or reduce water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Allowing runoff to flow through or over the barrier. • Decreasing runoff velocity. • Retaining sediment on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in small channel flow situations. The rock size used in the spillway can be enlarged to accommodate larger flows. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where rock or hard surfaces prevent the full and uniform anchoring of the barrier. • Directly in watercourses or streams when fish are present. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: – Required or allowed by permit conditions. – Required by other regulations. – Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Maximum height of the spillway shall be 2 feet. BMP Straw Bale Barrier ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.136 • See following pages for construction guidelines and additional detail. • Bales shall be installed so that bindings are oriented around the sides rather than on the tops and bottoms, to prevent deterioration. • Bales shall be entrenched a minimum of 4-inches. • Bales shall be securely anchored by at least two stakes driven into the ground a minimum depth of 18 inches. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect bales periodically and after each significant rainfall. • Sediment shall be removed when it reaches one-half the height of the bale. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal. Straw Bale Barrier being used with a rock spillway decreasing runoff velocity and retaining sediment onsite BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.137 BMP: STRAW BALE BARRIER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.138 DESCRIPTION S traw logs are manufactured from straw (or flax) wrapped in plastic netting. Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes, in shallow trenches. When cut or folded to appropriate length, these logs can be used to provide filter/perimeter protection, settling, reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing slope length to capture and retain sediment on the slope. • Temporarily stabilizing slopes by reducing soil creep, sheet and rill erosion until permanent vegetation can be established. • Trapping topsoil and retaining moisture from rainfall, which aids in growth of seedlings planted along the upslope side of the rolls. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to promote settling of soil particles. • Filtering soil particles and debris. • Reducing water velocity and erosive forces. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in ditches or across culvert ends of any dimension. It may be used instead of excelsior filled logs, coir logs, or straw bale filtering systems. Straw logs may also be used for perimeter sediment control. This BMP is particularly useful in areas where the effects of soil disturbance need to be minimized. This BMP may be used in gullies and stream channels as check dams; in conjunction with gabions, rip rap, articulated block, or cellular confinement systems. It may be used to anchor and enhance the effectiveness of willow wattles (fascines), turf reinforcement mats, coir mats, continuous berms and other erosion control material. Straw logs may be used to replace silt fences or straw bales on steep slopes. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. BMP Straw Log ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.139 LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. • For permanent applications. (Other than vegetation). • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Logs are placed and staked along the contour of newly constructed or disturbed slopes, in 2-3 inch deep trench. • Spacing depends on soil type and slope steepness. • abut any adjacent logs. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • See "Live Staking", "Handseeding" and/or "Hydroseeding" BMP for planting. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. • BMP removal may not be necessary. BMP: STRAW LOG (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.140 BMP: STRAW LOG (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.141 DESCRIPTION This BMP utilizes vegetation as a method of stabilizing stream banks. Use of stream bank stabilization requires design. Use of this BMP will be determined through the permit process for maintenance work, however, this would normally be done as a Capital Improvement Project(CIP). PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Protecting stream banks from the erosive forces of flowing water, thereby, reducing silts and sedimentation. • Using it in conjunction with other practices to provide for an increase in site stability. • Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or watercourse banks. • Providing habitat for primary production. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. Stabilizing the stream bank by using coir logs, hydroseeding, and live staking. Streambed gravel installed to provide a natural spawning substrate BMP Stream Bank Stabilization (bio-engineering) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.142 DESCRIPTION A stream bypass is a method of diverting the main flow of a stream to a temporary alternate route during construction. It is used in conjunction with a cofferdam and pumps. A stream bypass may be constructed by various methods or combination of methods such as earthen berms, sand bags, ecology blocks and aqua barriers. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Diverting flowing water away from or around a construction site. • Minimizing sedimentation. • In limited cases, it may provide for fish passage. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used at stream crossings during culvert replacement, at bridge repair sites, and other sites where the stream flow cannot be interrupted. It may be used in combination with other barriers. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Stream bypass BMPs must be installed according to applicable permit requirements. • Refer to Appendix E for Fish Exclusion Protocols. • Determine best method for specific site. • Discuss strategy with crew. • Work quickly to avoid water contamination by sediment. • Stabilize pipe outlet to minimize scour and erosion. • Pump and bypass should be designed or reviewed by an engineer to ensure capacity can handle peak flows. • Ensure that stream bypasses do not entrain salmonids at pipes and pumps. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect bypass, pump, and dam periodically. Repair any leaks. • Check for scour at bypass outfall. Repair or move as necessary. BMP Stream Bypass ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.143 • Have adequate fuel supply and backup pumps in the event of mechanical failure. • Inspect fish isolation nets to ensure complete exclusion. Remove any accumulated debris from isolation net. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP when in-water work is complete. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). A stream bypass used to divert water around a construction site BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.144 BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued) A stream bypass used to divert water around a construction site ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.145 BMP: STREAM BYPASS (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.146 DESCRIPTION S treambed gravel is, non-angular gravel of variable sizes used for habitat protection/maintenance, bridge maintenance or culvert replacements (which may be watercourses or streams). PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing a natural substrate. • Minimizing siltation in ditches and/or stormwater facilities. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to provide fish habitat in sensitive areas, culverts or ditches used by fish. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If the gravel does not meet design specifications. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Streambed gravel must be placed in accordance with applicable design and/or permit conditions. • Check gravel gradation to ensure it meets design specifications. • If gravel does not meet specifications because of excessive fines, wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear. • Haul material in clean truck bed. • Dump streambed gravel onto tarped area on-site. • Place a cover or berm around streambed gravel stockpiles. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect piles of streambed gravel periodically. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP Streambed Gravel ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.147 Placing streambed gravel inside a newly installed cross culvert to provide a natural substrate for fish ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.148 DESCRIPTION S urface roughening is roughening a bare, sloped soil surface with horizontal grooves running across the slope. Groves can be large-scale, such as grooving with disks, tiller, or other machinery, or with heavy track machinery which should be reserved for sandy, noncompressible soils. Roughening aids the establishment of vegetative cover, improves water infiltration, and decreases runoff velocity. This BMP is intended to keep soil from becoming water borne and reduces water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Reducing runoff velocity and increasing infiltration. • Reducing erosion and providing for sediment trapping. • Aiding in establishment of vegetative cover with seed. • Reducing wind velocity at the soil surface. APPLICATIONS This BMP should be used as a temporary technique. It may be used in areas to reduce surface runoff or wind velocity until other BMPs can be installed. This BMP may be used on steeper slopes where revegetation is establishing. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • On slopes with a rock surface. • On excessively roughened slopes where mowing is planned. • In sensitive areas with hydric soils, due to heavy compaction. • On steep slopes without simultaneous revegetation. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Surface roughening shall be done by operating tracked equipment up and down the slope to leave traverse depressions in the soil. • As few passes as possible should be made to minimize soil compaction. BMP Surface Roughening ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.149 • The surface should be roughened to a depth of 2 to 4 inches. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Check for erosion, scour and sloughing, make any required repairs. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.150 BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.151 BMP: SURFACE ROUGHENING (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.152 DESCRIPTION S weeping is done by hand or mechanical means. A sweeper is a vehicle with brushes and/or a vacuum system and a water spray system used on the roadways to remove debris and soil particles. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Removing soil particles and debris before entering drainage systems, streams or watercourses. • Suppressing dust on roadways and at construction sites. • Removal of snow sand after snow and ice control operations. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to remove soil particles, debris and/or snow sand from paved surfaces. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS • All street sweeping is a benefit. There are no limitations. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Use pickup brooms in sensitive areas. • Use water with mechanical brooms. • Schedule snow sand removal as part of the snow and ice emergency response. • Dispose of collected material. BMP MAINTENANCE • BMP maintenance is not applicable. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP Sweeping ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.153 A sweeper picking up debris and soil particles on a paved access road ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.154 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.155 DESCRIPTION A temporary sediment trap is a small ponding area formed by constructing an earthen embankment with a rock outlet to allow for soil particle settling. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Retaining sediment on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used below disturbed areas where the total contributing drainage area is less than 3 acres. Drainage areas larger than 3 acres may use other BMPs such as siltation ponds or settling tanks, as defined in applicable permit conditions. It may also be used where the sediment trap will be used no longer than 18 months. This BMP may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In areas where the total contributing drainage area is more than 3 acres. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • The area under the embankment shall be cleared and stripped of any vegetation and root mat. • Fill material shall be free of roots or other woody vegetation, organic material and other unsuitable material. • All embankment slopes shall be not steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. • The embankment shall be seeded. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. BMP Temporary Sediment Trap ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.156 Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment shall be removed when it has accumulated to one-half the original dimension. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup from BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Re-vegetate area disturbed by BMP removal (if applicable). BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.157 BMP: TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP (continued) Temporary sediment trap detail ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.158 DESCRIPTION A triangular silt dike is a sediment control device made of foam sewn into a woven fabric. It is triangular in shape, 10 in. to 14 in. high in the center, with a 20 in. to 28 in. base. An apron extends beyond both sides of the triangle along its standard section of 7 ft. A sleeve at one end allows attachment of additional sections as needed. This BMP can be used to provide settling and/or reduction in water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Intercepting sheet flow. • Intercepting and detaining small amounts of water from disturbed areas during construction operations in order to allow settling of soil particles. • Decreasing down slope sheet flow velocity. • Retaining soil particles on site. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used for temporary check dams in ditches of any dimension. This BMP may be used for perimeter protection. It may be used in combination with other barriers. This BMP may be used below disturbed areas subject to sheet and rill erosion where drainage area is no greater than .25 acre per 100 lineal feet of barrier and the slope behind the barrier should be no steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. On relatively flat slopes the maximum disturbed slope distance should not exceed 100 feet. The allowable disturbed slope distance decreases as the slope gets steeper. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where flow volume or velocity inhibit BMP function. • As a filter. • When maintenance activities could reduce actual or potential high flow salmonid refuge functions, this BMP will only be used if: BMP Triangular Silt Dike ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.159 - Required or allowed by permit conditions. - Required by other regulations. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Install with the long flap upstream. • Install to prevent water from going around or under BMP. • BMP should be placed along contours. • BMP must be anchored with adhesive on asphalt or other hard surfaces or staples or stakes on soil or soft surfaces. BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Sediment should be removed when deposits reach one-half the height of the BMP. BMP REMOVAL • Evaluate site to determine BMP is no longer needed (the area has stabilized—potential of sediment laden water exiting the area has passed). • Remove sediment buildup in front of BMP. • Remove BMP (recycle and/or re-use if applicable). • Use sweeper or hand broom to clean road surface. • Depending upon BMP placement, re-vegetation of site may be necessary. BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.160 BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued) A triangular silt dike detaining water and allowing soil particles to settle A triangular silt dike in place with accumulated sediment being retained on site, prior to cleaning ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.161 BMP: TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.162 DESCRIPTION A turbidity curtain is a pre-manufactured floating geotextile structure which minimizes turbidity transport from a disturbed area adjacent to or within a body of water. This device allows for settling of suspended solids and/or reducing water velocity. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Minimizing the mixing of turbid water with the adjacent clean water. • Containing soil particles during construction and/or repair activities. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used in water including open drainage systems, non-tidal and tidal watercourses where construction activities create turbidity. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Across the entire flow of the watercourse or stream. • To cross more than 2/3 of the main flow of any salmonids bearing water at the time of the year when any life history stage of salmonids are expected to be present. • Where flow volume or water velocity inhibit BMP function. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Turbidity curtains must be installed according to applicable permit requirements. • Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for installation and safety measures. • Turbidity curtains are available in various heights. The units are preassembled in 50-foot and are used by connecting the number of units required. • Add a suitable weight or anchoring system to the bottom of the curtain. • See drawings on following pages. BMP Turbidity Curtain ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.163 • The turbidity curtain can be deployed in standing and/or in flowing water (see limitations). BMP MAINTENANCE • During construction, inspect BMPs daily during the workweek. Schedule additional inspections during storm events. Make any required repairs. • Inspect daily. • If repairs are required, follow directions in repair kit instructions. BMP REMOVAL • Remove BMP (recycle and/or reuse if applicable). • Follow manufacturer recommendations for removal. • When curtain is removed it shall be in such a manner as to minimize turbidity. Remaining soil particles shall be sufficiently settled before removing the curtain. • Water discharged from turbidity curtain shall meet permit requirements at the point of discharge. A river repair project in progress using a turbidity curtain to contain turbid water BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.164 BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.165 BMP: TURBIDITY CURTAIN (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.166 DESCRIPTION V actoring is the use of a truck mounted drainage system cleaning device. The cleaning device operates on the principle of large volume, high-speed air movement to lift water, soil particles/sediment, contaminants and debris. A large tube conveys the collected materials into a tank mounted on the truck. The cleaning device also includes a freshwater supply and high-pressure pump system to flush and clean pipes and structures. Collected material is transported in the truck to approved disposal sites. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Cleaning drainage systems. • Dewatering the work area. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used to clean and/or dewater enclosed drainage systems, open drainage systems, excavations and settling ponds. It may be used in conjunction with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • Where the flow exceeds the capacity of the cleaning device. • To remove large debris. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • When used in a watercourse or stream, vactoring should be done according to applicable permit requirements. • Reduce potential for sediment and debris from re-entering water. • If entering a confined space use appropriate air testing and entry procedures. • Prepare work sequence to address backup equipment or project phasing when tank is full. BMP Vactoring ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.167 BMP MAINTENANCE • Follow manufacturer’s operation and service guidelines. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. Vactor truck removing sediment from catch basin ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.168 DESCRIPTION A vegetative buffer is a strip of vegetation (grasses and small forbes) adjacent to shoulders, ditches, pavement, and/or gravel roads. This BMP reduces soil from becoming water borne and reduces water velocity/erosive forces. PURPOSE The purpose of the BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Providing bio-filtration. • Reducing soil particles, snow sand and debris from entering ditches or the drainage system. • Providing habitat and shade when planted along stream and/or watercourse banks. • Providing habitat for prey base organisms such as macro-invertebrates. • Allowing plants to grow over the ditch or channel. • Providing shade as long as it does not become a public safety hazard. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used adjacent to ditches and/or sensitive areas, parallel to roadways, parking lots or at road crossings and must comply with back of slope BMPs along ditch lines. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • If it creates a potential public safety hazard according to federal, state, or city safety standards. • If it prohibits infiltration or prevents sheet flows. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • To the greatest extent possible, preserve existing vegetation as a buffer. • See other BMPs such as, handseeding, hydroseeding and/or live staking for construction guidelines. BMP Vegetative Buffer ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.169 BMP MAINTENANCE • Mow or trim the vegetative buffer in accordance with applicable standards. • Re-vegetate as necessary. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not necessary. Roadside ditch with a vegetative buffer Using a ditchmaster to leave a vegetative buffer BMP: VEGETATIVE BUFFER (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.170 DESCRIPTION W ashed rock is sediment free non-angular gravel. PURPOSE The purpose of this BMP includes, but is not limited to: • Minimizing siltation in ditches and/or stormwater facilities. • Reducing velocity and erosive forces. • Filtering soil particles from water. • Stabilizing disturbed areas. APPLICATIONS This BMP may be used wherever gravel will be placed in ditches and/or stormwater facilities which are watercourses or streams. It may be used in combination with other BMPs. LIMITATIONS This BMP should not be used: • In locations where design and/or permit conditions prescribe other streambed material. • On steep slopes. • On road shoulders. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES • Wash rock off-site (at a location where washed water can not enter watercourses, streams or wetlands) until water runs clear. • Haul material in clean truck bed. • Dump cleaned rock onto tarped area on-site. • Place cover and berms around clean rock that will not be used immediately. BMP MAINTENANCE • Inspect stockpiles of cleaned rock periodically. If rock becomes contaminated rewash rock prior to use. BMP REMOVAL • BMP removal is not applicable. BMP Washed Rock ---PAGE BREAK--- PART 3 4(D) APPLICATION FOR INDIVIDUAL AGENCY ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.2 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.3 Part 3 4(d) Application for Individual Agency OVERVIEW T he Regional Road Maintenance Endangered Species Act Program (“Regional Program”) consists of the following three parts: • Part 1: Regional Program Elements. • Part 2: Best Management Practices. • Part 3: 4(d) Application for Individual Agency. Part 1 of the Regional Program describes the ten program elements along with the goals and outcomes of the program. Part 2 of the Regional Program contains Best Management Practices (BMPs) that require more detailed, site-specific information than routine BMPs, which are presented in Part 1. Part 3 of the Regional Program is an Application for Individual Agencies. Under the Regional Program, each agency must prepare a Part 3 Application. The Part 3 Application is presented in a “plug-and-play” format that allows applicants to “plug” into Parts 1 and 2 of the program to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. National Marine Fisheries Service/United States Fish and Wildlife Services (the Services) will review and approve each agency’s Part 3 Application. Before submittal to the Services, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Programs (H&LP) or the Regional Program will screen Part 3 Applications for compliance with the Regional Program. Each agency will submit a Part 3 Application to receive a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. For more information on the Part 3 Application review see Element 2, Program Review and Approval, in Part 1 of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines (Guidelines). The Part 3 Application Process is shown on the following pages. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.4 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 Continued on Next Page Contact Regional Forum Agency Prepares and May Submit to Regional Forum* Part 3 Application Agency Incorporates Comments Agency Submits Application Application Reviewed for Program Consistency and Submitted to Services Yes No Sufficient? Yes No Compliance? ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.5 Part 3 Application Process Figure 8 continued Yes No Services Evaluate Compliance? Biological Review and/or Assessment Required? No Services Grant Approval Yes Full Compliance with Regional Program Services Review Exceptions Exceptions Negotiated on Individual Agency Basis Services Grant Approval Yes No Services Approval Process Part 3 Denied Part 3 Denied Agency Prepares Biological Review and/or Assessment of Exceptions Program Exceptions Acceptable? ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.6 T his part of the Guidelines is a model for filling out your application. It allows applicants to agree to meet Parts 1 and 2 of the program— effectively creating a plug-and-play into Regional Program—by completing the examples provided in each section. If desired, your agency can also use the application to propose and explain procedural exceptions from the Regional Program. The Part 3 Application has the following four sections. • Section 1: Letter of Commitment. This section is a letter of commitment requesting the Services to approve plug-and-play for an agency to use Parts 1 and 2 of the Regional Program to receive a a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 2: Compliance with Part 1 and Part 2. This section contains the ten program elements in the Regional Program. Agencies must commit to complying with all Regional Program elements at both the regional and local levels to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. • Section 3: General Procedures. This section contains the general procedures of an agency. It outlines organizational structure and processes for maintenance selection, BMP selection and implementation, checklists, and adaptive management. • Section 4: Exceptions from the Regional Program. This section contains any exceptions from the Regional Program including the following: - Any agency programs not included in the Regional Program. - Any deviations. - Any additional maintenance categories not listed in Part 1 of the Guidelines. - Checklist process(es) if they differ from those in the Guidelines. - Any additions or changes outside of the Guidelines. How to Use Part 3 of the Guidelines ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.7 To adopt the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines without changes, any agency can use the examples in each of the four sections to develop their submittal. By inserting the agency’s name in place of “(Agency)”, applicants can directly create a Part 3 Application submittal. Each section in the Part 3 Application gives instructions for filling in the information. Or if your agency wishes to add to the Regional Program or to use a maintenance category other than those in the Guidelines, those exceptions from the program must be included and highlighted in Section 4 of your Part 3 Application. Agencies that are unfamiliar with the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines or the Part 3 Application process should attend a Regional Forum meeting. The Regional Forum can help applicants better understand the Regional Program and the Part 3 Application process. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.8 T he Part 3 Application components are outlined below. Each of the four sections of the application gives italicized instructions and clearly marked boldface areas for you to insert the name of your agency. Inserting your agency’s name and submitting the Part 3 Application means you agree to the Regional Program without changes. If your agency wishes to develop their own Part 3, you must highlight those areas you wish to include or exclude from the Regional Program. PART 3 APPLICATIONS HAVE FOUR SECTIONS The following is a detailed listing of what you must provide in each of the four sections of the Part 3 Application. Instructions and examples are on the following pages: Section 1: Letter of Commitment to Implement the Regional Program 1. Complete Letter of Commitment to NMFS 2. Complete Letter of Commitment to USFWS Section 2: Commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program 1. Commit to regional action 2. Commit to local action Section 3: General Procedures Provide the following information: 1. Organizational structure. 2. Maintenance activity or project selection process. 3. BMP selection and implementation process. 4. Checklist process. 5. Internal adaptive management process. Section 4: Exceptions from the Regional Program 1. Describe any elements not included in the Regional Program. 2. Describe any deviations from the Regional Program. 3. Describe additional maintenance categories not listed in Parts 1 or 2 of Guidelines. 4. Provide an Agency-specific checklist. 5. Provide other additions or changes. Part 3 Application ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.9 (Example of letter to National Marine Fisheries Service) Instructions: • This is a formal letter request to commit your agency to implement the Regional Program. • Fill in both letters. • Submit letter to each of the Services. Section 1 (Agency) Letter of Commitment to Implement the Regional Program Date Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Name) National Marine Fisheries Service - NW Region, Regional Administrator 7600 Sandpoint Way NE Seattle, WA 98115 Subject: (Agency) Commitment to Implement the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Dear Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Contact Name): This letter serves as a letter of commitment from the (Agency) to the National Marine Fisheries Service that the (Agency) will implement the measures, and abide by the commitment made in this Part 3 Application. In addition, we will work closely with National Marine Fisheries Service as we evaluate and adjust the routine Road Maintenance ESA Program through adaptive management. The (Agency) is committed to being a partner in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Part of this commitment is identifying and implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize potential environmental impacts associated with Road Maintenance activities. The accompanying Part 3 Application represents the minimization and avoidance measures identified for routine road maintenance activities. The (Agency) will participate as an active member of the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will implement the program outlined in this Part 3 Application. If you need additional information, or have any questions, please feel free to contact (Agency Official) at Sincerely, (Title Block) Enclosure ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.10 (Example of letter to United States Fish & Wildlife Service) Date Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Name) United States Fish & Wildlife Service 510 Desmond Drive; Suite 102 Lacey WA 98503 Subject: (Agency) Commitment to Implement the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Dear Agency Official (*Contact Regional Forum for Current Contact Name): This letter serves as a letter of commitment from the (Agency) to the United States Fish & Wildlife Service that the (Agency) will implement the measures, and abide by the commitment made in this Part 3 Application. In addition, we will work closely with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as we evaluate and adjust the routine Road Maintenance ESA Program through adaptive management. The (Agency) is committed to being a partner in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Part of this commitment is identifying and implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize potential environmental impacts associated with Road Maintenance activities. The accompanying Part 3 Application represents the minimization and avoidance measures identified for routine road maintenance activities. The (Agency) will participate as an active member of the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will implement the program outlined in this Part 3 Application . If you need additional information, or have any questions, please feel free to contact (Agency Official) at Sincerely, (Title Block) Enclosure ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.11 Instructions: • This is a commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program. There are ten program elements in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Agencies must comply with each of the ten program elements to obtain a take limit under the NMFS Salmon and Steelhead 4(d) Rule, special 4(d) Rule and/or Section 7 take exemption (provided through the incidental take statement of biological opinion) through the USFWS. Each element has a regional action and a Local action component. • If your agency wishes to comply with the elements in Section 2 without changes, insert the agency’s name in place of the boldface and italics “(Agency)”. These paragraphs meet the minimum requirements as stated in the Regional Program. • If your agency proposes exceptions to the Regional Program, these exceptions will need to be defined for both the Regional level and your Local level in section 4 for of the Part 3 Application. The following are the ten elements of the Regional Program (see Guidelines) Element 1. Regional Forum: A Regional Forum has been created from participating agencies. The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for program discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. Regional Action The (Agency) Director or designee will be appointed as the Regional Forum member, representing the department. The appointed member shall have the knowledge, authority, and maintenance technical expertise in the field, to discuss, coordinate, and participate in adaptive management of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The member will have the maintenance knowledge and technical expertise to review the Regional Program, review adaptive management results, recommend program changes, request funding, and brief policy makers for their review and approval of the program. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum, committee discussions, and activities as they pertain to the Regional Program. Local Action The (Agency) will develop a (Agency) ESA team that meets regularly. The team will consist of assigned maintenance and operation supervisors and maintenance environmental personnel. The (Agency) team will Section 2 (Agency) Commitment to Part 1 and Part 2 of the Regional Program ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.12 implement the Regional Program, develop and update the (Agency) Part 3 application for (Agency) manager’s review and approval. The team will also coordinate development and implementation of the (Agency) Part 3, which includes review, discussion, coordination, and adaptive management. The team will recommend program changes that evolve from adaptive management to improve the regional program and the (Agency) program. The team will prepare a quarterly Adaptive Management report for the Regional Forum meetings. This report will provide an overview of the implementation of the program. The Adaptive Management report will also recommend potential revisions to the Regional Program based on new information. Element 2. Program Review and Approval: The program review and approval process will require that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. Each agency’s Part 3 Application will be reviewed by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Highways and Local Program (H&LP) or the Regional Forum, to ensure that all ten program elements are included in the Part 3 Application. The Services will issue final approval for each agency. Regional Action: The Regional Forum has developed, in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) H&LP, and with the approval of the Services, a process for road maintenance Part 3 Application review. This review and approval process serves as an agency’s commitment to comply with the approved program (Part 1 and Part The (Agency), as part of the Regional Forum, will work with WSDOT H&LP or the Regional Forum and the Services in the evaluation of the process for reviewing local agency Part 3 Applications as they relate to the Regional Program. Local Action: The (Agency) team will work to develop the (Agency)’s Part 3 Application,- and implement the Regional Program. The team will review the following documents: letter of commitment, commitment to the ten program elements, organization structure, activity selection process, selecting/ implementing the BMP process, the checklist process, and any local program exceptions from the regional program. The team will review the Part 3 application to ensure it meets the requirements of the Regional Program. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.13 Element 3. Training: Courses will include the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit, maintenance BMPs, and monitoring work activities. The WSDOT Technology Transfer (T2) Center, and University of Washington or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program, in conjunction with the Regional Forum, will develop a curriculum for training of road maintenance employees in the implementation of the Regional Program. The curriculum may be taught by T2 instructors, WSDOT Trainers, or other trainers that have passed the train-the-trainer course. Regional Action: The Regional Forum has, in cooperation with the WSDOT T2 Center, University of Washington, or WSDOT Operations & Maintenance Program, developed a program for formal training of road maintenance employees in the implementation of the regional program. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to Program Element 3 training activities. The (Agency) may participate in the training committee, working with WSDOT (T2), the University of Washington (TRANSPEED) or WSDOT to develop and implement training curriculum as outlined in the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The (Agency) will support an adaptive management approach to training by reviewing course curriculum and proposing changes to incorporate new information into the program. Local Action The (Agency) will require maintenance employees to attend training courses relevant to their position within the organization as courses are developed and become available. New maintenance employees will be trained on relevant Regional Program courses within a reasonable amount of time. The (Agency) team will review and recommend updates to the Regional Program training through adaptive management activities by reviewing course curriculum and implementation of the training program. Element 4. Compliance Monitoring: Compliance monitoring will take place at a number of levels: local agency supervisory staff and local, state and federal agency permitting authorities evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. Each local jurisdiction will establish a formal compliance monitoring program for monitoring BMP implementation and monitoring that takes place as part of various research projects. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.14 Regional Action: The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum to review the compliance monitoring activities as they pertain to the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The Regional Forum process includes program implementation, adaptive management, planning process, performance assessments process, outcome assessments process and coordination with resource agencies. Local Action The (Agency) team will review implementation of the (Agency)’s program and through adaptive management recommend changes to the program if needed. The team will conduct planning meetings with environmental staff to identify maintenance activities, permits, BMPs, and in-water work requirements. The team will conduct performance assessments on selected BMPs. Performance assessment will involve site visits with environmental staff, supervisors, or resource agencies through the permit process. Monitoring will be done on a routine basis by crew leads, supervisors, maintenance inspectors, or environmental staff. Monitoring may include adequacy of BMPs, development or implementation of checklists, review of implemented BMPs, and their effectiveness. The team will evaluate BMP implementation and, through adaptive management, evaluate performance. The team will then review new information on BMPs and develop recommendations for incorporation in the Regional Program. Element 5. Scientific Research: Case studies in the field, as well as literature review done by others, are included in this program element. The scientific research element will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs and to recommend changes to BMPs based on the latest technologies. Regional Action: The Regional Forum is a meeting for cooperative research, professional maintenance interaction, information sharing and adaptive management. The research to be performed by the Regional Forum will be specific to road maintenance activities to verify the effectiveness of the BMPs used within the road maintenance right-of-way. Case studies and literature review may be performed both locally and regionally. The information gained may be shared through the Regional Forum. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to scientific research activities and shared experiences. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.15 Local Action The (Agency) Team will analyze specific road maintenance BMPs and jointly work with or support development of a research committee. Element 6. Adaptive Management: The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring elements are the basis for adaptive management. Regional Action: The Regional Forum provides a forum for adaptive management of the Regional Program. Adaptive management will apply to all elements of the Regional Program. Compliance monitoring, BMP effectiveness monitoring, review of the Regional Program, and scientific research shall provide some of the basis for adaptive management. Information gained from these elements, will be shared at the Regional Forum to provide the basis for adaptive management decisions. Adaptive management will allow new information and science based technology to be incorporated into recommended changes to the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to adaptive management. Local Action: The (Agency) team will implement the program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines and apply adaptive management to the ten program elements. The team will implement a compliance monitoring effort to evaluate the effectiveness of selected BMPs used within program activities. The team will discuss BMPs as part of their routine meetings and make recommendations on incorporating new information, and changes to the Regional Forum. Element 7. Emergency Response: This element provides a framework under which road maintenance agencies can operate during emergencies. Regional Action: Regional Program includes guidance on emergency response for road maintenance agencies. Emergency response is defined as actions undertaken to avoid imminent threat to public health and safety, public or private property, or prevent an imminent threat of serious environmental degradation. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.16 The (Agency) will participate in Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to emergency response activities. Local Action The (Agency) will respond to emergency road maintenance situations and stabilize the situation. Sites will be reviewed with regulatory agencies (as required), and appropriate permits applied for following site stabilization. The (Agency) will develop a phone tree for resource contacts to be called during an emergency response. Where possible the emergency maintenance activities will employ the same BMPs as routine maintenance activities. Element 8. Biological Data Collection: This element includes habitat location information within the right-of-way and development of a process to train and alert staff where these guidelines need to be utilized. Regional Action: The (Agency) will participate in the Regional Forum discussions as they pertain to the biological data collection process and share experiences or actions encountered. Local Action: The (Agency) team will work to identify aquatic habitat locations to make BMP decisions within the road maintenance right-of-way. The team will develop a process and train staff when and where to apply the BMPs. Element 9. Biennial Reports: The Regional Forum will provide biennial (every two years) reports to the Services. Biennial reports will include a review of the ten program elements, updates on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates to the program elements. Regional Action: As a member of the Regional Forum, the (Agency) will participate in providing the Services biennial reports on the progress of the ten program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. This report will include a status report and updates on each program element, review of the training program, review of scientific research, review program implementation, and implementation of adaptive management, including recommended changes. The Services will be provided a copy of the quarterly newsletter. The biennial report will be provided to others upon request. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.17 Local Action: The (Agency) will provide quarterly and biennial report to the Regional Forum for use in compiling its biennial report on implementation of the Regional Program. This report will address implementation and progress of the (Agency)’s Part 3 Application and activities as they relate to the implementation of the ten program elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program Guidelines. Element 10. Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Conservation Outcomes: BMPs and desired conservation outcomes have been developed for road maintenance activities. The Regional Forum will annually review and update the BMPs. Local agencies and the Services will review whatever changes the Regional Forum recommends for adoption. Regional Action: The Regional Forum will provide a forum for review and update of the BMPs, and the development of a training program outlined in Program Element 3. The Regional Forum will evaluate the training program and through adaptive management recommend changes to incorporate new information as needed. The (Agency) may participate in the Regional Forum discussions and activities as they pertain to the Regional Program. Local Action: The (Agency) team will implement the Regional Program. As the training program is developed and made available, the training program will be implemented. The team will develop a decision process to identify when environmental staff is to be consulted. The implementation of Program Element 10, BMPs and Conservation Outcomes, will be reviewed and updated annually. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.18 Section 3 (Agency) General Procedures Instructions: • Complete this section by providing the following materials on your agency’s general procedures: Instructions for each subsection will guide you through this section. GENERAL PROCEDURES MATERIALS 3a Organizational Structure 3b Maintenance Activity/Project Selection Process • Classification responsible for making decisions • Biological oversight/support 3c Selecting/Implementing the BMP Process 3d Checklist Process 3e Internal Process for Adaptive Management 3a (Agency) Organizational structure Instructions: • This is a commitment to identify staff participating in the Regional Program • Complete this section by including your organizational structure for road maintenance activities. The organizational structure will help your agency define who is covered under the Regional Program. 3b (Agency) Maintenance Activity/Project Selection and Authorization Process Instructions: • This is a commitment to a maintenance activity/project selection and authorization process. As you develop your process you may use this framework as a guide. • The boldface items are the key components your need to define for your process. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.19 Input for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Management Team • Customer Request • Inspection • Environmental Planner/Permit Coordinator Selection for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Directors • Superintendent • M & O • Supervisors Conceptual Planning for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Design Engineers/Consultant • Superintendent • M & O • Supervisors Budget for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to the following: • Director • Superintendent Schedule for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Superintendent • Supervisor ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.20 Environmental Support for Activity or Project may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Environmental Planner/Permit Coordinator • In House • USFWS • NMFS • WDFW • Consultants 3c (Agency’s) BMP Selection and Implementation Process Instructions: • This is your agency’s commitment to a BMP Selection and Implementation Process. • If you are planning to use the Guidelines without changes, the following sample checklist matches that of the Regional Program. • If you develop a different process, it must be outlined in Section 4 of this Part 3 Application. Regional Program BMP Selection and Implementation Process • Use checklists in Appendix D of the Guidelines or develop and use your own checklists as defined in Section 4 of your Part 3 Application. • Become familiar with the Guidelines. • Identify the “Maintenance Category (ies)” to be performed and BMP categories. • Define the activity, scope and limits. • Conduct a site visit. • Review the BMP options. • List those BMPs (both part 1 and Part2) applicable to the Maintenance Category or Categories. • Select the BMP(s) that will meet the desired outcome. • Secure permits. • Prepare a maintenance sequence and/or schedule. • Conduct a pre-maintenance/pre-construction meeting to go over the ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.21 activity, roles and responsibilities, and BMP(s) installation, monitoring/ maintenance, and removal. • Gather the necessary crew(s), equipment and material. • Implement the BMP(s) by following the Guidelines’ instructions, permits or plans. • Ask for help (if required). 3d Checklist Process Instructions: • This is a commitment to use a checklist process in your agency. • If you are planning to use the Guidelines without changes, use the following sample checklists from the Regional Program. • If you develop a different process, it must be outlined in this section under a heading “Your Checklist Process” and in section 4 of this Part 3 Application. 3d Activity or BMP Planning and Selection Checklist 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is Environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in the work area or activity impact area? (If yes, contact environmental support staff or WDFW.) 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMP(s) from Part 1 & 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward. 11. Prepare construction or maintenance sequence (including installation, monitoring, maintaining and removing BMP(s)). ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.22 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or a pre-construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. 3d Pre-Construction or Pre-Maintenance Meeting Checklist 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (including installation, monitoring, maintaining and removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles and responsibilities of personnel and agencies related to aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). 3d Activity or BMP Installation, Monitoring, Maintaining and Removal Checklist 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.23 3e Internal Process for Adaptive Management Instructions: • This is a commitment to use an adaptive management process in your agency. • If you are planning to plug into the Guidelines without changes, use the following adaptive management framework. (See the Guidelines). • If you develop a different adaptive management process, it must be outlined in this section and listed in section 4 of this Part 3 Application. (Agency) staff will participate in the Regional Forum, described in Part 1 of the Regional Program Guidelines. (Agency) will develop a team in which information and experiences can be shared and reviewed to improve the implementation of the Regional Program. The team will do the following: • Share information. • Review and evaluate the implementation progress of each Regional Program element. • Gather and analyze information in order to develop and implement alternatives to correct unproductive BMP(s). • Review and evaluate new information for possible incorporation into the Program. • Any Program modifications will be reviewed/approved by (Agency) policy makers. The figure on the next page shows the local agency adaptive management process: ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.24 Agency Adaptive Management Figure 11 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY Pre-Activity Evaluation Evaluate • BMP Outcome • Conservation Outcome Maintenance Activity Maintenance Activity Conduct Work Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work Select BMP Take Action to Avoid Impacts (most of the time) Minimize if Unable to Completely Avoid Impacts (rare occasion) Evaluate BMP Effectiveness Monitor during and after work If Problem Occurs Adaptive Management Recommend Modifications to Part 1 and or Part 2 of Guidelines Discuss at Local ESA Team Meeting Regional Forum • Install BMPs Pre-Activity Evaluation Maintenance Activity Adaptive Management 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.25 Section 4 Exceptions from Regional Program Instructions: • Any exceptions to the Regional Program may require a full program review and negotiation. The Services will determine the level of review. This review could include any or all of the following: - Biological review. - Negotiations with the Services. - Public notice. - Comment period. • Highlight any changes or additions to the Regional Program under the proper headings below: - If agency has no exceptions indicate so under 4E. GENERAL PROCEDURES 4a Describe any local program elements not included in the Regional Program. 4b Describe any deviations from the Regional Program. 4c Additional Maintenance Categories/Activities, not listed in Parts 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 4d Agency-specific checklists, if different from those in Part 1 of the Guidelines. 4e Other additions or changes. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.26 This page intentionally left blank. ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A The table below lists the Regional Forum members and other contacts for those agencies that have applied for a take limit under limit 10(ii) of the 4(d) rule as of this publication. Updates will be provided to Regional Forum members as additional agencies are added to the program. Agency Last First Name Name Subcommittee Title Phone # E-mail Address Bellevue Blane Pete Supervisor (425) 452-7947 [EMAIL REDACTED] Holmes Randy OPS Manager (425) 452-2911 [EMAIL REDACTED] Vidmar Denny UT Asst. Director of O & M (425) 452-2759 [EMAIL REDACTED] Bremerton Sampley Gene Director of Public Works (360) 478-5315 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tulp Bob Public Works Operations Manager (360) 478-7253 [EMAIL REDACTED] Burien Clark Stephen PW Director (206) 248-5514 [EMAIL REDACTED] Bretzke Daniel Street and Stormwater Maintenance Manager (206) 439-3163 [EMAIL REDACTED] Clallam County McInnes Don County Road Engineer (360) 417-2312 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tyler Ross Assistant Engineer [4(d) Lead] (360) 417-2448 [EMAIL REDACTED] Clark County Wilson Scott Road Supervisor (360) 397-2446 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tyler John ESA Program Coordinator (360) 397-2022 [EMAIL REDACTED] Covington Delph David Interim Public Works Director (253) 638-1110 [EMAIL REDACTED] Dempsey Andy City Manager (253) 638-1110 [EMAIL REDACTED] Zeitler Janine Admin. Assistant (253) 638-1110 [EMAIL REDACTED] Edgewood Lorenzen Dave Public Works Director (253) 952-3299 [EMAIL REDACTED] Edmonds Moles Tod Storm Lead Everett Thetford Tom Utilities Director (425) 257-8800 [EMAIL REDACTED] Harris Roy PR, BR, TR, SW, UT Maintenance & Operations Supervisor (425) 257-8893 [EMAIL REDACTED] Crum Gerry PR, TR, SW, UT Maintenance & Operations Supervisor (425) 257-8827 [EMAIL REDACTED] Crane Paul Environmental Permit Coordinator (425) 257-8949 [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- Agency Last First Name Name Subcommittee Title Phone # E-mail Address Kenmore Carlson Ted Public Works Superintendent (425) 398-8900 [EMAIL REDACTED] Hawley Carter Assistant City Manager (425) 398-8900 [EMAIL REDACTED] Kent Blanchard Larry PublicWorks Operations Manager (253) 856-5600 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mactutis Mike Public Works (253) 856-5520 [EMAIL REDACTED] Don Public Works Director (253) 856-5500 King County Arima Debbie PR, BR Acting Assistant Operations Manager (206) 296-8138 [EMAIL REDACTED] Fritz Rob BR Supervising Engineer / Biologist (206) 205-7107 [EMAIL REDACTED] Johanson Janine PR, BR, TR Biologist (206) 205-7101 [EMAIL REDACTED] Momahara Alan Technology Unit Manager (206) 205-7084 [EMAIL REDACTED] Murata-Smith Kathi Program Analyst (206) 296-8142 [EMAIL REDACTED] Brown Kathy Former Assistant Operations Manager (206) 296-8100 [EMAIL REDACTED] Krank Ken Senior Engineer (206) 296-8172 [EMAIL REDACTED] Kirkland Kremer Gregory Surface Water Manager (425) 828-1157 [EMAIL REDACTED] Kitsap County Casteel Randy Director (360) 337-5777 [EMAIL REDACTED] Dickson David Asst. Director of Public Works (360) 337-7290 [EMAIL REDACTED] Jonathon Brand Asst. Director of Public Works (360) 337-3770 [EMAIL REDACTED] Smith Bob Road Superintendent (360) 337-5777 [EMAIL REDACTED] Lake Forest Park Zenk Frank ext. 104 Director of Public Services (206) 368-5440 [EMAIL REDACTED] Lakewood Larkin Bill Public Works Director (253) 512-2261 [EMAIL REDACTED] Maple Valley Sund Gary PW Director (425) 413-8800 [EMAIL REDACTED] Zielinski Dave Project Engineer (425) 413-8800 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mason County Thuring Bob SW, UT Public Works: Maintenance Engineering Manager (360) 427-9670 [EMAIL REDACTED] Yando Gary Utilities/Waste Management Division - Director (360) 427-9670 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mill Creek Jacobson Doug Public Works Director Newcastle Walker James Public Works Director (425) 649-4444 [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- Agency Last First Name Name Subcommittee Title Phone # E-mail Address Pierce County Wagner Bruce Road Operations Manager (253) 798-2953 [EMAIL REDACTED] Rudolph Jeff BR, ESA Program Coordinator (253) 798-7693 [EMAIL REDACTED] Renton Crumley Jack Maintenance Director (425) 430-7400 [EMAIL REDACTED] Thompson John Manager (425) 430-7400 [EMAIL REDACTED] Sammamish Cunningham John Public Works Director/ Assistant City Manager (425) 836-7913 [EMAIL REDACTED] Yazici Ben City Manager (425) 898-0660 [EMAIL REDACTED] Shoreline Dicks George Maintenance Supervisor (206) 546-2408 [EMAIL REDACTED] Maronek Arthur Interim Public Works Director (206) 546-0460 [EMAIL REDACTED] Mulhern Edward Surface Water Coordinator (206) 546-0460 [EMAIL REDACTED] Sanchez Jesus Operations Manager (206) 546-2519 [EMAIL REDACTED] Snohomish County Andrews John Senior Environmental Coordinator (360) 862-7524 [EMAIL REDACTED] Konopinski Dennis TR, SW Drainage/ Water Quality Lead Worker (360) 862-7528 [EMAIL REDACTED] Scalf Roy PR, TR, SW Sr. Operations Coordinator (360) 862-7508 [EMAIL REDACTED] Tacoma Hanson Hardy PR Asst. Mgr. Public Works (253) 591-5261 [EMAIL REDACTED] Ott Chris PR, TR, IS, SW ESA Program Coordinator (253) 591-5929 [EMAIL REDACTED] Thurston County Sahli Brian Safety and Operations Manager (360) 754-4277 [EMAIL REDACTED] Weston Dick Manager, Dept. of Roads & Transportation Svces (360) 754-4279 [EMAIL REDACTED] University Place Cooper Gary Public Works Superintendent (253) 460-6494 [EMAIL REDACTED] Holloway Marian Assistant (253) 460-6493 [EMAIL REDACTED] WSDOT Gray Laurel Training Coordinator (360) 705-7386 [EMAIL REDACTED] Hasselbach Brian Environmental Engineer (360) 705-6975 [EMAIL REDACTED] King Al OSC Highways & Local Programs, Operations Engineer (360) 705-7375 [EMAIL REDACTED] Stephens Sandra PR, BR, TR, SW Water Quality Policy Manager (360) 705-7853 [EMAIL REDACTED] Sunde Dan T2, Director (360) 705-7390 [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- B.1 APPENDIX B: Role of WSDOT Highways and Local Programs of Part 3 Applications T o assist the National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Service (the Services) and local agencies with review of agencies’ Part 3 Application, Regional Forum members have requested assistance from WSDOT’s Highways and Local Programs (H&LP). H&LP or the Regional Forum will review Part 3 Applications to determine whether or not all of the ten program elements are included. This screening of the Part 3 Application helps to ensure that local agencies present complete packages to the Services. The Services issue final approval of an individual Part 3 Application. Regional Program review activities are outlined by program element on the following pages: Program Element 1: Regional Forum The Regional Forum provides a regional meeting for ESA Program discussion, coordination and adaptive management. Participation in the Regional Program is required to ensure that information from individual agencies can be folded into the adaptive management process for the program. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application proposal to determine participation in the Regional Forum. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure the application meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 2: Program Review and Approval The approval process requires that each agency participating in the Regional Program comply with the ten program elements. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application to determine the ten program elements are included. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure application meets the revised elements of the program. • Make an affirmative statement to the Services regarding each agency’s Part 3 Application compliance. 2 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- B.2 • Return application to agency with letter of deficiencies. • Provide dispute resolution process. Program Element 3: Training The training program includes the topics of basic ESA, design, biological review, permit activities, maintenance BMPs, for work activities. H&LP Role: • H&LP will review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the training elements of the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. • H&LP will review each agency’s Part 3 Application when changes have been made for consistency with the Regional Program. Program Element 4: Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring will be established through the training program, permit process, and by local agencies evaluating BMPs for use and implementation. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. • Review changes to each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. Program Element 5: Scientific Research This element includes case studies in the field and literature research of studies done by others. The research will serve to verify effectiveness of BMPs, and update BMPs based on latest technologies. 3 4 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- B.3 H&LP Role: • H&LP will review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the scientific research element of the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application to determine that participation in research and case studies is included. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 6: Adaptive Management The adaptive management philosophy will apply to all elements of the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. The training, research, biological data collection, and program monitoring in particular will provide a framework of information for Program Element 6, Adaptive Management. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program • Review changes to each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 7: Emergency Response This element provides a framework under which road maintenance organizations may operate during emergencies. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for compliance with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. 6 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- B.4 Program Element 8: Biological Data Collection Biological data collection will provide aquatic habitat location information within the right-of-way. Under this program element, agencies will be developing processes to train and alert staff where the Guidelines need to be applied. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for compliance with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure application meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 9: Biennial Reports Reports will include a review of the ten program elements, update on research, recommended BMP changes, and recommended updates on each program element. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 application for compliance with the Regional Program. • Review any changes to agencies’ Part 3 Applications for consistency with the Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. Program Element 10: BMPs and Conservation Outcomes: The Regional Program BMPs were developed for road maintenance activities. H&LP Role: • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with Regional Program. • Review each agency’s Part 3 Application after changes to the Regional Program occur through adaptive management to ensure it meets the revised elements of the program. • Review updates or changes to each agency’s Part 3 Application for consistency with the Regional Program. 9 10BMPs 8 ---PAGE BREAK--- C.1 APPENDIX C: BMP Outcome Category Matrix AQUA BARRIER 2.20 BACK OF SLOPE PLANTING 2.23 COFFERDAM 2.25 COIR FABRIC 2.28 COIR LOG 2.30 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.33 CONCRETE CONTAINMENT 2.36 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS ROAD 2.38 CONTINUOUS BERM 2.41 CURB INLET SEDIMENT TRAP 2.44 DEWATERING 2.49 DIAPER NETTING 2.51 DITCH LINING 2.53 DIVERSION BERM 2.55 DIVERSION CHANNEL 2.57 DUST CONTROL 2.60 EXCELSIOR FILLED LOG 2.62 FILTER FABRIC 2.64 GRASS LINED CHANNEL 2.66 GRAVEL FILLED SUMP 2.70 HALF ROUND FILTER 2.71 HAND SEEDING 2.73 HYDROSEEDING 2.75 INLET PROTECTION 2.77 KIMBLE FILTER PIPE 2.84 LARGE WOODY MATERIAL 2.86 LIVE STAKING 2.91 MULCHING 2.95 PLASTIC COVERING 2.97 PLYWOOD WORK PLATFORM 2.99 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- C.2 RIP RAP 2.101 ROCK CHECK DAM 2.103 SANDBAG 2.107 SEDIMENTATION SUMP 2.111 SILT FENCE 2.112 SILT MAT 2.115 SILTATION POND/SETTLING TANK 2.117 SOIL STABILIZATION (Blankets/Matting) 2.120 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.125 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.128 STRAW BALE BARRIER 2.133 STRAW LOG 2.136 STREAM BANK STABILIZATION 2.139 STREAM BYPASS 2.140 STREAMBED GRAVEL 2.144 SURFACE ROUGHENING 2.146 SWEEPING 2.150 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP 2.153 TRIANGULAR SILT DIKE 2.156 TURBIDITY CURTAIN 2.160 VACTORING 2.164 VEGETATIVE BUFFER 2.166 WASHED ROCK 2.168 Keep Water From Work Area BMP OUTCOME CATEGORY BMP PAGE Reduce Potential for Soil Erosion Filter / Perimeter Protection Settling Reduce Water Velocity / Erosive Forces Containment Habitat Protection / Maintenance Reduce Potential for Contaminants Falling Into Water = Recommended BMP Application but not limited to BMP Outcome Category Matrix Figure 13 Continued ---PAGE BREAK--- D.1 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Planning and Selection Sample Checklist #1 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Make site visit before starting work. 2. Define activity, scope and limits. 3. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 4. Is environmental staff required to review plans or provide crew support? 5. Are fish present (or likely to be present) in work area or activity impact area. (If yes, contact environmental support staff or WDFW.) 6. Will fish exclusion be required? (If yes, coordinate with designated staff or agency.) 7. Review Maintenance Category BMP options related to site-specific conditions. 8. Select applicable BMPs from Part 1 and 2 of the Guidelines. 9. Secure permits. 10. Read and understand all permit conditions. Resolve permit conditions before moving forward.. 11. Prepare construction/maintenance schedule, and/or sequence (Including installing, monitoring, maintaining, and removing BMP(s).) 12. Schedule a pre-maintenance or pre- construction meeting as necessary. 13. Review activity as possible model for training and/or adaptive management discussions. APPENDIX D: Sample Checklists ---PAGE BREAK--- D.2 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: Activity and bmp Pre-construction and Pre-maintenance Meeting Sample Checklist #2 Figure 15 CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Invite appropriate personnel and/or agencies. 2. Prepare agenda and attendance/sign-in form. 3. Outline construction/maintenance, schedule, and/or sequence (Including installation, monitoring, maintaining, & removing BMP(s)). 4. Identify sensitive areas and drainage features. 5. If fish exclusion required, follow Fish Exclusion Protocol in Appendix E. 6. Clarify roles & responsibilities of all personnel & agencies related to all aspects of the activity. 7. Discuss permits, approvals and their conditions. 8. If environmental staff is required to be onsite during work activities: introduce personnel and their role(s). ---PAGE BREAK--- D.3 Activity and bmp Installation, Monitoring, Maintianing and Removal Sample Checklist #3 Figure 16 ACTIVITY INFORMATION Location: Maintenance Activity: Lead: Date: Description of Activity: CHECKLIST Steps Completed Comments 1. Identify/mark work area and location of BMP(s). 2. Arrange for delivery of BMP(s) products. 3. Environmental staff support as appropriate. 4. Make sure BMP(s) are installed in accordance with the Guidelines, permit conditions and/or specifications. 5. Monitor/check BMP(s) routinely to make sure BMP outcomes are achieved, and make repairs, adjustments, and/or additions as necessary. 6. Remove BMP(s) and re-vegetate in accordance with the Guidelines. ---PAGE BREAK--- D.4 Activity and bmp Routine Part 1 Sample Checklist #4 Figure 17 Task Yes No 1. Make site visit before starting work 2. Define activity, scope, and limits 3. Review Part 1 BMPs • Permit needed • Scheduling considerations • Equipment maintenance • Disturbed soil • Waste material removed • Spill kit • Part 2 BMPs needed • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 4. Is environmental staff required? NO – continue maintenance YES – contact environmental staff for review 5. In water work • Stop work • Contact environmental staff for review • Evaluate using detailed checklist 1, 2, and/or 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- E.1 APPENDIX E: Fish Exclusion Protocol January 2003 INTRODUCTION Road Maintenance activities frequently require work within streams that contain salmonids. Some of these activities—such as culvert replacements and ditch maintenance within salmonid bearing streams—require a site to be temporarily dewatered. In such cases, BMPs are used to minimize or reduce deleterious impacts to aquatic resources. Fish and other wildlife removal from the work area is allowable under a special collection permit required by the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Fish exclusion from the work site prior to dewatering must be done in accordance with the protocols set forth in this appendix. ROAD MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES THAT MAY REQUIRE FISH EXCLUSION The following are road maintenance activities that may require the use of fish exclusion. Watercourses and Streams Repair, replacement, installation and maintenance tasks performed on watercourses or streams may include the following activities: structural repair/ replacement, slope stabilization, sediment removal, vegetation management, debris removal, and habitat maintenance or improvements. Stream Crossings Repair, maintenance, cleaning, installation or replacement/upgrade of stream- crossing facilities such as pipes, arch pipes, box culverts, fish ladders, weirs, sediment pools, and bridges. Bridge Maintenance Bridge maintenance activities include repairing, replacing, maintaining the following bridge components: superstructure, footings, piers, supports, abutments, and ramps. Emergency Slide/Washout Repair Slide and washout repair activities include the following: removal of slide/ washout material from the ROW, back-filling or stabilizing slope, reestablishment of damaged roadway features, repairing and cleaning drainage system, and re-vegetating or armoring with rock. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.2 ADMINISTRATION Prior to dewatering the site, aquatic life (vertebrate species) are temporarily excluded and relocated out of the work area. Fish exclusion is done under the supervision of environmental support staff. PERMITS As mentioned, fish and other wildlife removal from the work area is allowable under a special collection permit required by WDFW. Those permit conditions must be followed. A copy of all necessary permits must be in the possession of any persons authorized to collect wildlife, food fish, and/or shellfish. TRAINING A qualified environmental staff member, trained by WDFW or USFWS staff, will conduct the training program. Training must occur before an inexperienced crew begins fish exclusion techniques, including electrofishing. Training must occur in waters that do not contain ESA-listed fish. The training program will include the following elements: 1. Fish handling techniques and fish identification. 2. How to monitor and install block nets. 3. A demonstration of the proper use of seines and electrofishing equipment, the role each member of the crew performs, and basic gear maintenance. 4. An explanation of how electrofishing attracts fish. 5. An explanation of how gear can injure fish and how to recognize signs of injury. 6. Definitions of basic terminology: e.g. galvanotaxis and tetany. 7. A review of these guidelines and the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. 8. A field session in which trainees actually perform each role on the netting and electrofishing crew. 9. Field supervision by the environmental staff member during the first few days of electrofishing. 10. Only a backpack electrofisher will be used. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.3 INFORMATION LOGS Each species and year-class is recorded in bound field notebooks. Year-class designations may be used to allow a rapid estimate of length to minimize fish handling time. Salmonids with fork of approximately 60 millimeters or less will be classified as 0+ age fish; and fish over 60 millimeters will be classified as 1+ age fish. Field notes may also include information such as date, personnel, time, general site conditions, weather, stream temperature, conductivity, length of stream reach, methods used, and any other general comments. Data collected is used for research purposes and clear/concise documentation is important. Any injuries or mortalities during fish exclusion will be documented and reported if it involves an ESA-listed species. Contact with an ESA-listed species during fish exclusion activities will be documented and reported to the Services. Specific information should include: date of collection; site location; county; Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA); stream name; section, township, range; common species name; scientific name; length; number of individuals; method of removal; and specimen disposition. WORKSITE FISH EXCLUSION Several techniques are used to reduce any impacts to the affected species that are handled during exclusion. Fish exclusion techniques depend on the characteristics of the affected reach. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: • Substrate composition. • Water depth and velocity. • Vegetation characteristics. • Bank conditions. • Debris or obstructions present within the channel. The following is the proper sequence for fish exclusion: • Isolate the area (block nets). • Dip, seine, or fyke net exclusion. • Electrofishing (as determined by permit and site conditions) • Dewatering (and fish exclusion). • Fish identification and release. • Remove block nets. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.4 ISOLATE THE AREA Install block nets at upstream and locations to isolate the entire affected stream reach and prevent fish and other aquatic wildlife from moving into the work area. Block net mesh size, length, type of material, and depth will vary based on site conditions. Generally, block net mesh size is the same as seine material (9.5 millimeters stretched). Block nets are installed securely along both banks and in channel to prevent failure during unforeseen rain events or debris accumulation. Some locations may require additional block net support such as galvanized hardware cloth, additional stakes, or metal fence posts. Block nets are left in place throughout the maintenance activity and may require leaf and debris removal to ensure proper function. Following initial environmental staff oversight, a staff person should be designated to monitor and maintain the nets. Crew supervisors, leads, and/or crewmembers may check these nets. Block nets should be checked regularly for proper performance.. DIP, SEINE OR FYKE NET EXCLUSION Once the stream reach has been isolated, all attempts to remove fish and other aquatic life are made with the least amount of handling. Aquatic life is captured by hand or with dip nets and immediately put in dark-colored 5- gallon buckets filled with clean stream water. Net drags or seining through the isolated stream reach may also be used. Depending on the site, various of 9.5 mm stretched nylon mesh minnow seines are used throughout the isolated stream reach. This protocol is summarized as follows: The seine is approximately 3 feet wide and of varying with approximately 15 feet of rope attached to either end. Sets are conducted with one person on shore and one to two people working the other end of the net through the isolated stream reach area. Once the net is out and the lead line dropped to the bottom, the other end of the 15-foot line is brought to shore and both ends of the net are pulled in quickly in tandem. Fyke nets or minnow traps may also be used to exclude fish from the affected reach. Use of the traps depends on reach characteristics mentioned earlier. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.5 ELECTROFISHING GUIDELINES Electrofishing is employed when other methods prove ineffective. Use of electrofishing may be determined through permit requirements and/or site conditions. It may not be recommended in all situations. The following guidelines are recommended for all electrofishing sessions. 1. No electrofishing in anadromous waters from October 15th to March 1st. No electrofishing in resident waters from November 1st to May 15th. In order to avoid contact with spawning adults or active redds, environmental staff must conduct a careful visual survey of the area to be sampled before beginning electrofishing. Electrofishing will only be conducted at other times of the year in response to emergency activities. Electrofishing at other times of the year may require mitigation. Specific mitigation requirements recommended by the NMFS, USFWS, and WDFW will be followed. Prior to conducting electrofishing activities, a biologist, experienced with the life history timing of local fish species, should be notified to determine possible presence of ESA listed fish. 2. Equipment must be in good working condition and operators should go through the manufacturer’s preseason checks, adhere to all provisions, and record major maintenance work in a logbook. 3. Measure conductivity and set voltage as follows: Conductivity (mmhos/cm) Voltage Less than 100 900 to 1100 100-300 500 to 800 Greater than 300 to 400 In areas of high turbidity, measure conductivity as conditions change to maximize fishing success. 4. Only Direct Current (DC) or Pulsed Direct Current (PDC) should be used. 5. Each session should begin with pulse width and rate set to the minimum needed to capture fish. These settings should be gradually increased only to the point where fish are immobilized and captured. Start with pulse width of 500ms and do not exceed 5 milliseconds. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.6 Pulse rate should start at 30 Hz and work carefully upwards. In general, exceeding 40 Hz will injure more fish. 6. Fish should not come in contact with the anode. The zone of potential fish injury is 0.5m from the anode. Care should be taken in shallow waters, undercut banks, near structures such as wood, or where fish can be concentrated in high numbers because in such areas the fish are more likely to come into close contact with the anode. 7. Electrofishing should be performed in a manner that minimizes harm to fish. The stream segment should be worked systematically, moving the anode continuously in a herringbone pattern through the water. Do not electrofish one area for an extended period of time. Remove fish from the electrical field immediately; do not hold fish in net while continuing to net additional fish. 8. Crew members should carefully observe the condition of the excluded fish. Dark bands on the body and longer recovery times are signs of injury or handling stress. When such signs are noted, the settings for the electrofishing unit may need adjusting. Each fish should be completely revived before releasing upstream of the block nets. ESA specimens will be released as soon as possible upstream of the block nets in an area that provides refuge. 9. Fish should be handled properly. A healthy environment for the stressed fish must be provided. There should not be overcrowding in the buckets and holding time should be minimized. Large fish should be kept separated from smaller prey-sized fish to avoid predation during containment. Water to water transfers, the use of shaded or dark containers, and supplemental oxygen shall be considered in designing fish handling operations. DEWATERING The affected reach shall be dewatered slowly while using dipnets to remove aquatic vertebrates from pools where they may congregate. These pools are frequently located at culvert inlet and outlets. Special attention should be placed at culvert outfalls where fish sheltering in pipes will exit. Pumps, which are used to temporarily bypass water around work sites, should have their intakes fitted with a smaller mesh screen or put in a slotted bucket to prevent aquatic life from entering the pump hose. The screen or bucket ---PAGE BREAK--- E.7 shall be installed, as a precautionary measure, to prevent any aquatic vertebrates that may have been missed in the exclusion process. The screen or bucket will also prevent fish and other wildlife from entering the pump if a block net should fail. FISH RELEASE Aquatic vertebrates shall be released to a location upstream of the activity and block net. They should be released into an area that provides equivalent or better habitat than the location from which they were removed. Aquatic vertebrates may be released of the block nets only if this placement provides better protection and there is no other practical alternative. If the isolated stream reach is large and many fish are expected, several buckets should be available with clean stream water to hold the fish until counting and measuring can be completed. These buckets should be equipped with air pumps to maintain proper dissolved oxygen levels. Frequent monitoring of bucket temperature and well being of the specimens should be done to assure that all specimens will be released unharmed. Perforated buckets may also be used and placed upstream of the block nets until the fish are counted. Handle each ESA-listed fish with extreme care and keep them in water during sampling and processing procedures to the maximum extent feasable. The buckets should contain adequate amounts of well-circulated water. When a mixture of species are caught, ESA-listed fish should be processed first to minimize the duration of handling and stress. REMOVE BLOCK NETS: Block nets should be removed, following completion of the activity, as soon as the work area is stabilized. Block nets should not be left in place for an extended amount of time. Block nets should be removed with care and checked for aquatic vertebrates. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.8 Citations and Other References Dalbey, S.R., T.E. McMahon, and W. Fredenberg. 1996. Effect of Electrofishing Pulse Shape and Electrofishing-Induced Spinal Injury on Long-Term Growith and Survival of Wild Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 16:560-569 Hanking, D.G., and G.H. Reeves. 1988. Estimating Total Fish Abundance and Total Habitat Area in Small Streams Based on Visual Estimation Methods. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:834- 844. Hollender, B.A., and R.F. Carline. 1994. Injury to Wild Brook Trout by Backpack Electrofishing. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 14:643-649. National Marine Fisheries Service. 2000. Guidelines for Electrofishing Waters Containing Salmonids Listed Under the Endangered Species Act. 5 pp. Neilsen, J.L. 1998. Electrofishing California’s Endangered Fish Populations. Fisheries 23:6-12. Nielsen, L.A., and D.L. Johnson, editors. 1983. Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Parametrix. 1980. Juvenile Salmonid Study Draft Report. Port of Seattle, Seattle Washington by Parametrix, Bellevue, WA. Preliminary Report Document No. 81-0213-003. 56 pp. Reynolds, J.B., and A.L. Kolz. 1988. Electrofishing Injury to Large Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8:516-518. Sharber, N.G., and S.W. Carothers. 1988. Influence of Electrofishing Pulse Shape on Spinal Injuries in Adult Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8:117-122. Sharber, N.G., S.W. Carothers, J.P. Sharber, J.D. deBos, Jr., and D.A. House. 1994. Reducing Electrofishing-Induced Injury of Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 14:340-346. ---PAGE BREAK--- E.9 Schreck, C.B., and P.B. Moyle, editors. 1990. Methods for Fish Biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2001. Personal communication: Phil Schneider. ---PAGE BREAK--- This page intentionally left blank ---PAGE BREAK--- G.1 4(d) Rule - (Protective Regulations): Whenever any species is listed as a threatened species pursuant to subsection of this section, the Secretary shall issue such regulations as he deems necessary and advisable to provide for the conservation of such species. The Secretary may by regulation prohibit with respect to any threatened species any act prohibited under section in the case of fish or wildlife, or section in the case of plants, with respect to endandered species; except that with respect to the taking of resident species of fish or wildlife, such regulations shall apply in any State which has entered into a cooperative aggreement pursuant to section 6(c) of this Act only to the extent that such regulations have also been adopted by such State. Summary Statement: 4(d) rule- Allows for the promulgation of regulations to provide for the protection and conservation of listed species. In some cases, a 4(d) rule may sanction certain activitiesfor the take of a threatened species if that activity is conducted in compliance with an approved program. Adaptive Management - A formalized process to evaluate the efficiency of Best Management Practices. Agency - means a public utility district, joint operating agency, city, county, or any other state governmental agency, entity, or political subdivision. Alley - A highway not designed for general travel and primarily used as a means of access to the rear of residences and business establishments. Best Management Practices (BMPs) - Schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, physical structures, maintenance procedures and other management practices to reduce pollution or to provide habitat protection/maintenance. Biofiltration - The simultaneous process of filtration, infiltration, adsorption, and biological uptake of pollutants in stormwater that takes place when runoff flows over and through vegetated areas. Box Culvert - A box structure, usually constructed out of concrete, which conveys water under a roadway or embankment. Bridge - A structure spanning and providing passage over an obstacle, such as a waterway. Buffer - The zone contiguous with a sensitive area that is required for the continued maintenance, function, and structural stability of the sensitive area. Glossary ---PAGE BREAK--- G2 Capital Improvement Project (CIP) - A construction project intended to create new or expand existing roadway, drainage and/or utility infrastructure. Maintenance or repair of currently serviceable structures is not a Capital Improvement Project, but is mitigation for the life of the project. Case Studies - The framework of a set of reasons, arguments or supporting facts offered to inquire or investigate in pursuit of knowledge. Catch Basin - A chamber or well, usually built at the curb line of a street, for the collection of surface water to a sewer or drainage system, having at its base a sediment sump designed to retain sediment, debris or soil particles below the point of overflow. Channel - A feature that conveys surface water and is open to the air. Check Dam - A barrier constructed in an open drainage system to decrease the streamflow velocity, minimize channel scour, and promote deposition of sediment. Clear zone - Area adjacent to the roadway to remain clear of unmovable objects (which includes trees larger than four-inches in diameter). Clear zone requirements are specified in local, state and federal traffic laws and guidelines. Clearing - Vegetation removal during development or re-development activities. Routine maintenance tasks of ROW structures, for example, mowing, brush cutting and ditch cleaning are not clearing, but are mitigation for the life of the project. Conservation Outcomes - The goals of the final consequences of the uses of the Best Management Practices. Constructed Wetland - A wetland that is created on a site that previously was not a wetland. Conveyance System - The drainage facilities, both natural and man-made, which collect, contain, and provide for the flow of surface and stormwater from the highest points on the land down to a receiving water. The natural elements of the conveyance system include swales and small drainage courses, streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. The human-made elements of the conveyance system include roads, gutters, ditches, pipes, channels, constructed wetlands and retention/detention facilities. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.3 Decant - To release water gradually from a truck mounted drainage system cleaning device (Vactor, Camel, Vac-Con) so as to not disturb sediment in truck. Detention - The storage and subsequent release of excess stormwater runoff. Detention Facility - An above or below ground facility, such as a pond or tank, that temporarily stores stormwater runoff and subsequently releases it at a slower rate than it is collected by the drainage facility system. Development - The act, process, or result of developing land or property. Road maintenance activities are not regulated as development or re- development . Development Regulation - Per Growth Management Act and other state regulations that govern the act and process of development. Road maintenance activities are not regulated as development or re-development. Maintenance is mitigation for the lift of the development. Dike - A system of embankments, drains, ditches, canals, flumes, locks and all other necessary artificial appliances necessary to protect land from flooding. Discharge - The act of releasing or discharging controlling flows. Ditch - A long, narrow trench or furrow dug in the ground for surface/storm water drainage. Drain - A buried pipe or other conduit (closed drain). A ditch (open drain) for carrying off surplus surface water or ground water. Drainage - Refers to the collection, conveyance, containment, and/or discharge of surface and storm water runoff. Drainage System - A combination of facilities (such as ditches, pipes, conduits, storage facilities, trenches)and natural features (such as open streams, ponds) which operate together, to convey surface water from the point of origin to an ultimate discharge point. ESA Section 4 - Determination of Endangered Species and Threatened Species: provides guidance regarding the promulgation of protective rules 4(d) rules), the steps within the listing determination process, the designation of habitat, and recovery plans. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G4 Easement - A non-profitable interest in land owned by another that entitles its holder to a specific limited use or enjoyment. Ecology - Department of Ecology Emergency - An event causing imminent threat or danger: to public health or safety, to public or private property, or serious environmental degradation. Endangered - The classification provided to an animal or plant in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended - Federal legislation intended to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered and threatened species depend may be conserved, and provide programs for the conservation of those species, thus preventing extinction of native plants and animals. Energy Dissipater - Any means by which the total energy of flowing water is reduced. In stormwater design, they are usually mechanisms that reduce velocity prior to, or at, discharge from an outfall in order to prevent erosion. They may include rock splash pads, drop manholes, concrete stilling basins, baffles, and/or check dams. Erosion - The wearing away by the action of running water, wind, ice, or geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep. Also, the detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Erosion, Gully - The erosion process whereby water accumulates in narrow channels and, over short periods, removes the soil from this narrow area to considerable depths, ranging from 1 to 2 feet to as much as 75 to 100 feet. Erosion, Rill - An erosion process in which numerous small channels only several inches deep are formed; occurs mainly on recently disturbed and exposed soils. See Rill. Erosion, Sheet - The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil from the land surface by runoff. Erosion, Splash - The spattering of small soil particles caused by the impact of raindrops on wet soils. The loosened and spattered particles may or may not be subsequently removed by surface runoff. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.5 Erosion and Sediment Control - Any temporary or permanent measures taken to reduce erosion, control siltation and sedimentation, and reduce sediment-laden water from leaving a site. Erosion and Sediment Control Facility - A type of drainage facility designed to hold water for a period of time to allow sediment contained in the surface and stormwater runoff directed to the facility to settle out so as to improve the quality of the runoff. Excavation - The act or process of excavating, the digging and removal of material to expose by digging away soil. (Not including roadway/shoulder, ditch, or ROW surface maintenance. Excavation does not include the mitigation required to maintain facilities such as road ROW structures including stormwater systems or, the removal of sediments or slide material during maintenance.) Existing Site Conditions - The conditions (ground cover, slope, drainage patterns) of a site as they existed on the first day that the project entered the design phase. Facilities - means designed or built structures above or below the ground such as lines, conduits, ducts, poles, wires, cables, cross-arms, receivers, transmitters, instruments, machines, appliances, instrumentalities, pipes, buildings, drainage, roadway. water, sewer and all devices, real estate, easements, apparatus, property and routes used, operated, owned or controlled by any agency or utilities company to facilitate the provision of the ROW or utilities service. Fascine - Bundles of living woody plant cuttings that are tied together. These fabricated structures are capable of rooting. Also called contour wattles. Fill - Earth, sand, gravel, rock, or other solid material used to increase the ground surface elevation. (Fill does not include the mitigation required to maintain facilities, such as replacing sand filters in a stormwater system). Filling - Any act by which earth, sand, gravel, rock, or other solid material is deposited to raise the ground elevation (not including roadway/shoulder, ditch, stormwater, or ROW surface structure or facility maintenance). Fish Exclusion Protocol - See Appendix E Forbs - A herbaceous plant other than a grass. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G6 Freeboard - The vertical distance between the design water surface elevation and the elevation of the barrier which contains the water. Gabion - A rectangular or cylindrical wire mesh cage filled with rock and used as a protecting agent or revetment against erosion. Soft gabions, often used in stream bank stabilization, are made of geotextiles filled with dirt, in between which cuttings are placed. Grading - Leveling off to a smooth horizontal or sloping surface, to level to a desired slope or elevation. Gravel - Consist of crushed, partially crushed, or naturally occuring granular material or loose round rock of variable sizes. Gully - A channel caused by the concentrated flow of surface and stormwater runoff over unprotected erodible land. Habitat - The location where a particular species (or identified subspecies) of plant or animal lives and its surroundings, both living and non-living. Habitat includes the presence of a group of particular environmental conditions surrounding an organism including air, water, soil, mineral elements, moisture, temperature, and topography. Harm - Defined in regulations implementing the ESA as an act "which actually kills or injures" listed wildlife. Harm may include "significant habitat modification or degradation where it actually kills or injures wildlife by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, including breeding, feeding or sheltering" (50 CFR 17.3). Hydrology - The science of the behavior of water in the atmosphere, on the surface of the earth, and underground. Infiltration - The downward movement of water from the surface to the subsoil. Infiltration Facility (or system) - A drainage facility (including ponds) designed to use the hydrologic process of surface and stormwater runoff soaking into the ground, commonly referred to as a percolation, to dispose of surface and stormwater runoff. Infrastructure - The basic facilities (roads, bridges, drainage, utilities, easements and the ROW surface), equipment, and installations needed for the functioning of a transportation system (transportation, utilities, etc.). GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.7 Inlet - A form of connection between surface of the ground and a drain or sewer for the collection of surface and stormwater runoff. Invert - The lowest point on the inside of a pipe. Large Woody Material (LWM) - Trees or tree parts larger than four inches in diameter and longer than six feet and rootwads, wholly or partially waterward of the ordinary high water line. (WAC 220-110-020(48). Macroinvertebrate - An organism without a backbone that you can see with your naked eye. Maintenance: Repair and maintenance includes activities that: are conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities, and equipment; involve no expansion of or change in use of such structures, facilities, and equipment beyond those which existed previously; and, do not result in significant negative hydrological impact. Repair and maintenance include those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems and includes replacement of dysfunctioning facilities. Repair and maintenance also include the replacement of existing structures with different types of structures, PROVIDED THAT such replacement is required to meet current engineering standards or by one or more environmental permits and the functioning characteristics of the original structure are not changed. (An example would be replacing a collapsed, fish blocking, round or wooden culvert, with a new box culvert under the same span, or width of roadway.) Mitigation - To moderate, reduce, or alleviate the impacts of a proposed activity, including: a) avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or part of an action; b) minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation, by using appropriate technology, or by taking affirmative steps to avoid or reduce impacts; c) rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected environment; d) reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action; and e) compensation for the impact by replacing, enhancing, or providing substitute resources or environments. (40 CFR 1508.20) GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G8 Monitor - To systematically and repeatedly observe something in order to track its current condition. Monitoring - The collection of data by various methods for the purposes of understanding maintenance activity BMPs, and features, or assessing the performance of mitigation measures. Nutrients - Essential chemicals needed by plants or animals for growth. Off-site - Any area that is not in the work zone . Open Drainage System - includes stormwater conveyance systems that were created entirely by artificial means, such as roadside ditches and storm or surface water run-off facilities. Open drainage systems that contain watercourses or streams will be treated as watercourses. Ordinary high water mark - on all lakes, streams, and tidal water is that mark that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a character distinct from that of the abutting upland, in respect to vegetation as that condition exists on June 1, 1971, as it may naturally change thereafter, or as it may change thereafter in accordance with permits issued by a local government or the department: PROVIDED, That in any area where the ordinary high water mark cannot be found, the ordinary high water mark adjoining salt water shall be the line of mean higher high tide and the ordinary high water mark adjoining fresh water shall be the line of mean high water. Outlet - Point of water discharge from a stream, river, lake, tidewater, or artificial drain. Pick Up Broom - A type of street sweeper machine that picks up material. Plant Establishment Period - the time frame required for new seeds, live stakes and/or plants to germinate, develop a root system and the potential for casualty has passed. Plug and Play - The process defined by NMFS and USFWS so that agencies can define their Part 1, 2 and 3 to use the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program for a 4(d) take limit (NMFS), a special 4(d) Rule, and.or Seciton 7 take exception (USFWS). GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.9 Project - Maintenance activity(ies) at a specific site. Public Utilities - means pipes, conduits, ROW structure, easements and similar facilities for distribution of water, electricity, natural gas, telephone, other electronic communication, and sewers, including sewer outfall lines. Public Utilities also means the agencies operating/maintaining these facilities. Receiving Waters - Bodies of water or surface water systems receiving water from upstream manmade (or natural) streams. Recovery - The process by which the decline of an endangered or threatened species is arrested or reversed, and threats neutralized so that its survival in the wild can be ensured. The goal of the ESA is for the recovery of listed species to levels where protection under the ESA is no longer necessary [50 CFR 402.02]. Redevelopment - The act or process of renovation of a blighted area. (Road maintenance activities are not regulated as redevelopment but as maintenance.) Regional - All areas of the State that encompasses all agencies approved by NMFS and USFWS for Plug & Play into the Regional Road Maintenance ESA Program. Repair - Repair and maintenance includes activities conducted on currently serviceable structures, facilities and equipment involving no expansion of or change in use of such structure, facilities, and equipment beyond those which existed previously and do not result in significant negative hydrologic impact. It includes those usual activities taken to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation in the use of structures and systems and includes replacement of disfunctioning facilities. Repair also includes the replacement of existing structures with different types of structures, including cases where environmental permits require replacing an existing structure with a different type structure, and the functioning characteristics of the original structure are not changed. (An example would be replacing a collapsed, fish blocking, round culvert, with a new box culvert under the same span, or width, of roadway.) Repair is not development or re-development but is maintenance. Retention - The process of collecting and holding surface and stormwater runoff with no surface outflow. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G10 Retrofitting - A form of maintenance function for replacing or repairing an existing structure or facility to meet changed conditions, required code or standards, or to improve performance. Right of Way - means that area of land dedicated for public use or secured by the public for purposes of ingress and egress to abutting property and other public purposes. Right-of-way includes areas maintained by public agencies through prescriptive rights. Rill - A small intermittent watercourse with steep sides, usually only a few inches deep. Often rills are caused by an increase in surface water flow when soil is cleared of vegetation. Riparian - Pertaining to the banks of streams, wetlands, lakes or tidewater. Roadway - Portion of the right-of-way structure that is set aside for transportation as assigned by Growth Management Act. Salmonid - Any member of the taxonomic family Salmonidae, which includes all species of salmon, trout, and char [Salmon and Steelhead Stock Inventory]. Sediment - Fragmented material that originates from weathering and erosion of rocks or unconsolidated deposits and organic material, and is transported by, suspended in, or deposited by water. Sedimentation - The depositing or formation of sediment. Sensitive Area - (Shoreline Management Act) Shall mean those areas with expecially fragile biophysical characteristics and/or with significant environmental resources as identified in a scientifically documented inventory accomplished as part of the SEPA/NEPA process or other recognized assessment. Sensitive areas include but are not limited to: unstable bluffs; wildlife habitat areas; fish breeding, rearing or feeding areas; wetlands; estuaries and dunes. Services - National Marine Fisheries Service and United States Fish and Wildlife Services. Sewer Systems - Combined sewage collection, treatment, and/or disposal facilities and services on-site or off-site sanitary sewerage facilities, inspection services and maintenance services for public or private on-site systems, or any other means of sewage treatment and disposal; combined sanitary sewage GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.11 disposal and storm or surface water sewers; outfalls for storm drainage or sanitary sewage and works, plants, and facilities for storm drainage or sanitary sewage treatment and disposal, and rights and interests in property relating to the system; combined water and sewerage systems. Sheetflow - Runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in a channel. Species - (ESA Section 3) Any subspecies of fish or wildlife or plants, and any distinct population segment of any species of vertebrate fish or wildlife which interbreeds when mature. Spillway - A passage such as a paved or rock apron, or channel for surplus water over or around a barrier or similar obstruction. Stormwater - That portion of precipitation that does not naturally percolate into the ground or evaporate, but flows via overland flow, interflow, channels or pipes into a defined surface water channel, or a constructed infiltration facility. Stormwater Drainage System - Constructed and natural features which function together as a system to collect, convey, channel, hold, inhibit, retain, detain, infiltrate, divert, treat or filter stormwater. Stormwater Facility - A constructed component of a stormwater drainage system, designed or constructed to perform a particular function, or multiple functions. Stormwater facilities include, but are not limited to, pipes, swales, ditches, culverts, street gutters, detention basins, retention basins, constructed wetlands, infiltration devices, catch basins, oil/water separators, sediment basins and modular pavement. Streambed Gravel - That portion of the streambed structure comprised of loose rounded or fragmented rock of variable sizes found in stream beds. Streams - " 'Watercourse' and 'river or stream' means any portion of a channel, bed, bank, or bottom waterward of the ordinary high water line of waters of the state including areas in which fish may spawn, reside, or through which they may pass, and tributary waters with defined bed or banks, which influence the quality of fish habitat This includes watercourses which flow on an intermittent basis or which fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G12 stormwater runoff devices, or other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural watercourse which has been altered by humans" WAC 220-110-020 (41). Swale - A shallow drainage conveyance with relatively gentle side slopes, generally with flow depths less than one foot. Take - (ESA Section 3) harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct" with respect to federally listed endangered species of wildlife. Federal regulations provide the opportunity to apply take prohibitions to threatened species as would ordinarily only apply to endangered species [50 CFR 17.31(a)]. Take of a listed species includes modifying the habitat of a listed species in such a way that interferes with essential behavioral patterns including breeding, feeding or sheltering. Toe - A point or line of slope in an excavation or cut where the lower surface changes to horizontal or meets the existing ground slope; or a point or line on the upper surface of a slope where it changes to horizontal or meets the original surface. Turbidity - Stirred up sediment or foreign particles suspended in water causing a darkening of the water. Watercourse - See Streams Waters of the State - All salt waters and fresh waters waterward of ordinary high water lines and within the territorial boundaries of the state. WAC 220- 110.43 Waters of the United States - All waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; all interstate waters including interstate wetlands; all other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce including any such waters: Which are or could be used by interstate or foreign travelers for recreational or other purposes; From which fish or shellfish are or could be taken and sold in interstate or foreign commerce; or Which are used or could be used for industrial purpose by industries in interstate commerce; All impoundment's of waters otherwise GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G.13 defined as waters of the United States under the definition; Tributaries of waters identified in paragraphs through of this section; The territorial seas; Wetlands adjacent to waters (other than waters that are themselves wetlands) identified in paragraphs through of this section. Waters of the United States do not include prior converted cropland. Notwithstanding the determination of an area's status as prior converted cropland by any other Federal agency, for the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the final authority regarding the Clean Water Act jurisdiction remains with EPA (33CFR328.3). Water Pollution Control Facility - or "water pollution control facilities" means any facilities or systems owned or operated by a public body for the control, collection, storage, treatment, disposal, or recycling of wastewater. Water System - includes all real estate, easements, fixtures, personal property, dams, dikes, head gates, weirs, canals, reservoirs, flumes or other structures or appliances operated, owned, used or to be used for or in connection with or to facilitate the supply, storage, distribution, sale, furnishing, diversion, carriage, apportionment or measurement of water for power, irrigation, reclamation, manufacturing, municipal, domestic or other beneficial uses for hire. GLOSSARY (continued) ---PAGE BREAK--- G14 Acronyms 4(d) - See glossary ACOE - Army Corps of Engineers BMP - Best Management Practice ESA - Endangered Species Act H&LP (OSC ) - Highways and Local Programs Olympia Service Center HPA - Hydraulic Project Approval LWM - Large Woody Material NMFS - National Marine Fisheries Service ROW - Right of Way T2 - Technology Transfer USFWS - United States Fish and Wildlife Service WAC - Washington Administrative Code WSDOT - Washington State Department of Transportation WDFW - Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife ---PAGE BREAK--- I.1 4(d) rule ix-xi, 1.4, 1.7, 1.9-1.10, 1.39, 1.74, 1.77, 1.82, 3.1, 3.3-3.4, 3.6, 3.10, 3.15 A adaptive management 1.4-1.5, 1.8, 1.11, 1.13, 1.20, 1.73, 1.82-1.83, 2.6, 2.13, 3.1 aqua barrier 2.17, 2.27-2.29, 2.32, 2.148 B backslope planting 2.18, 2.21, 2.30-2.31, 2.99 bi-annual report 1.5, 1.13, 1.87 bio-engineering 2.21, 2.147 biological data collection 1.5, 1.13,1.86 buffer 1.37, 1.41, 1.48, 2.18, 2.21, 2.40, 2.43, 2.174, 3.1 C case studies 1.4, 1.8-1.9, 1.12, 1.80-1.81, 1.83, 3.2 closed drainage system xii-xiii, 1.17, 1.24, 1.27-1.28, 1.30- 1.34, 2.10, 2.85, 2.172, 3.3 cofferdam 2.17, 2.32-2.34, 2.40, 2.115, 2.148 coir fabric 2.21, 2.23, 2.35-2.36, 2.96 coir log 2.19-2.21, 2.23, 2.37-2.39 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 2.146 compliance monitoring 1.4, 1.9, 1.12, 1.78, 1.82 concrete containment 2.22, 2.40-2.42 concrete containment 2.22, 2.43-2.44 conservation outcome ix, 1.4, 1.11, 1.15-1.18, 1.26, 1.30, 1.33, 1.38, 1.42, 1.46, 1.50, 1.52, 1.56, 1.59, 1.61, 1.64, 1.67, 1.71, 2.6-2.7, 2.10-2.11, 3.2 construction access road 2.18, 2.45-2.47 continuous berm 2.19-2.21, 2.48-2.50, 2.70, 2.144 curb inlet sediment trap 2.19-2.20, 2.51-2.55 D development 1.73, 3.3-3.4, 3.10 dewatering 1.41, 1.45, 1.61, 1.69, 2.17, 2.32, 2.40, 2.57- 2.58, 2.78, 2.95, 2.172, B.1-B.2, B-6 diaper netting 2.24, 2.59-2.60 ditch lining 2.18, 2.21, 2.61-2.62, 2.119 diversion berm 2.17, 2.63-2.64 diversion channel 2.17, 2.65-2.67 dust control 1.24, 2.18, 2.68-2.69 E emergency response 1.5, 1.13, 1.60, 1.84-1.85, 2.158 enclosed drainage system xii-xiii, 1.17, 1.24, 1.28, 1.30- 1.34, 2.10, 2.85, 2.172, 3.3 Index ESA vii, ix-xi, 1.4-1.7, 1.9-1.3, 1.73-1.75, 1.77, 1.86-1.87, 2.17, 3.1, 3.4, 3.6-3.7, 3.10, 3.12-3.13, 3.15, B.3 excelsior filled log 2.19-2.21, 2.23, 2.70-2.71, 2.99, 2.144 F fascine 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 3.6 filter fabric 2.18-2.20, 2.43, 2.51-2.52, 2.72, 2.78-2.79, 2.92, 2.109-2.111 fish exclusion 1.41, 1.45, 1.61, 2.27, 2.32, 2.57, 2.115, 2.148, 3.6, B.1-B.6 fish passage 1.44, 1.46, 1.54, 1.56, 2.148-2.149 funding 1.10 G geo-textile 2.35, 2.51-2.52, 2.61 grass lined channel 2.18-2.19, 2.74-2.77 gravel filled sump 2.19, 2.78 H habitat inventory 1.5 half round filter 2.19, 2.79 hand seeding 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.81-2.82 hazardous material 1.84 hydroseeding 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.68, 2.71, 2.83-2.84, 2.116, 2.128, 2.145-2.146, 2.174 I implementation strategy 1.15 in-water work windows 1.78 infiltration 1.26, 1.36-1.37, 1.40-1.41, 1.47-1.48, 1.50, 1.62, 1.67, 1.71, 2.9, 2.61, 2.109, 2.154, 3.1, 3.3, 3.7, 3.12 inlet protection 2.19, 2.37, 2.85-2.91 K Kimble filter pipe 2.19, 2.92 L large woody debris (LWD) 1.39, 2.21, 2.23, 2.94-2.99, 3.15 live staking 2.18, 2.21, 2.23, 2.36, 2.71, 2.99-2.101, 2.145- 2.146, 2.174 M macro-invertebrates 2.23, 2.74, 2.99, 2.147, 2.174 Managers Committee 1.11, 1.13, 1.73-1.74 mulching 2.18, 2.21, 2.81, 2.83, 2.95-2.96, 2.103- 2.105 N non-cohesive soil 2.61 ---PAGE BREAK--- I.2 O open drainage system 1.17, 1.35-1.38, 2.10, 2.92, 2.168, 2.172 outcome based 1.15-1.17, 1.85, 2.5, 2.10 P plastic covering 2.17-2.18, 2.63, 2.66, 2.68, 2.81, 2.83, 2.105, 2.107 plug and play 3.10 plywood work platform 2.24, 2.107-2.108 point discharge 1.50 polypropylene 2.115 pre-construction/maint. mtg 2.15 prey base organisms 2.23, 2.74, 2.99, 2.147, 2.174 program review and approval 1.4, 1.10-1.14, 2.7 R rearing areas 2.23 redevelopment 3.10 regional forum 1.4, 1.7-1.9, 1.11 Regional Road Maintenance Managers' Committee 1.4, 1.7, 1.20, 2.13, E.1-E.2 right-of-way ix, xii, 1.28, 1.32, 1.35, 1.39, 1.47-1.48, 1.62, 1.65-1.86, 3.11 rip rap 2.21, 2.70, 2.109-2.111, 2.144 riparian habitat 1.41, 1.44-1.46, 1.54-1.55, 1.62 Road Maintenance Technical Working Group 1.15, 1.18, 1.80, 2.11, E.1-E.2 road surface xii-xiii, 1.24, 1.27, 1.48, 1.51, 1.58, 1.69, 1.81, 1.86, 2.52, 2.165 see also roadway surface roadway surface 1.17, 1.24, 1.26-1.27, 1.51, 1.58-1.59, 2.10 see also road surface rock check dam 2.111-2.113, 2.20-2.21 S sandbag 2.17, 2.20-2.21, 2.33, 2.51, 2.105, 2.115-2.119 scientific research 1.4, 1.12, 1.80, 1.83 Section 7 1.74, 3.1, 3.4 sedimentation sump 2.20, 2.119 services xi, 1.9-1.10, 1.65, 1.69, 1.83, 2.6, 3.11-3.12 silt fence 2.19-2.21, 2.70, 2.96, 2.120-2.122, 2.144 silt mat 2.19-2.21, 2.116, 2.123-2.125 silt sock 2.52, 2.85 siltation pond/tank v, 2.4, 2.20, 2.125-2.127 soil stabilization (blankets and matting) 2.128-2.132 spawning 1.47, 1.55, 2.23, 2.146, 3.12 straw bale barrier 2.19-2.21, 2.133-2.135 straw bale barrier 2.19-2.21, 2.136-2.140 straw bale barrier 2.19-2.21, 2.141-2.143 straw log 2.19-2.21, 2.70, 2.144-2.146 stream bank bio-engineering 2.21 stream bypass 2.17, 2.32, 2.96, 2.148-2.151 stream crossings 1.44-1.47, B.2 stream system xiii, 1.27, 1.39-1.43, 1.53, 1.58-1.59 streambed gravel 2.23, 2.96, 2.115, 2.146, 2.152-2.153 surface roughening 2.18, 2.21, 2.68, 2.83, 2.154-2.157 sweeping xii, 1.25, 1.29, 1.37, 1.42, 1.45, 1.49, 1.51-1.52, 1.55, 1.61, 1.64, 1.66, 1.70, 2.18, 2.158-2.159 T T2 1.4, 1.73, 1.75, 3.16 tackifier 2.83 take 3.1, 3.4, 3.13 Technology Transfer 1.4, 1.73 see also T2 temporary sediment trap 2.20, 2.161-2.163 threatened viii training 1.4-1.5, 1.8-1.9, 1.12-1.13, 1.16-1.17, 1.73-1.75, 1.77-1.79, 1.87, 2.6-2.8, 2.10, 2.13, A.1-A.5, B.3 Tri-County i, 1.8 triangular silt dike 2.20-2.21, 2.164-2.167 turbidity curtain 2.20-2.21, 2.40, 2.96, 2.127, 2.168-2.171 U utilities xiii, 3.6-3.7, 3.10 see also utility utility ix, xii, 1.15, 1.84, 2.5, 2.43, 3.1-3.2 see also utilities V vactoring 2.17, 2.22, 2.172-2.173 vegetative buffer 1.37, 1.41, 1.48, 2.18, 2.21, 2.174-2.175 W washed rock 2.19, 2.78-2.79, 2.92, 2.119, 2.176-2.177 Waters of the State 1.36, 1.39, 1.41, 1.44, 3.13-3.14 Waters of the United States 3.14 wattle 2.70, 2.99, 2.144, 3.6 WSDOT H&LPOSC 1.73 WSDOT Technology Transfer 1.4, 1.73 see also T2