Document Palmdale_doc_1bce37844b

A r A A A a cai ttU!fl July 28, 2009 RECYCLED WATER FACILITIES PLAN FINAL REPORT AMENDMENT NUMBER 1: CITY OF PALMDALE RECYCLED WATER SERVICE AREA DISTRIBUTION PLAN Submitted is Appendix I - Amendment Number 1: the City of Palmdale Recycled Water Service Area Distribution Plan to the City's Recycled Water Facilities Plan. The intention for this amendment is to reduce the 33300 Sit City's reliance on groundwater and imported suace water by including additional distribution facilities to serve the City's needs and its inhabitants, schools, and other customers within the City's recycled water service area. The proposed facilities are subject to change with further design investigation and future development. Also included in Appendix J, is Resolution CC 2009-117 "A RESOLUTION i/2675167 OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALMDALE ADOPTING THE PALMDALE RECYCLED WATER FACILITIES AND DISTRIBUTION PLAN AS AMENDED AND DECLARING THE CITY OF PALMDALE TO BE THE RETAIL RECYCLED WATER SUPPLIER FOR THE CITY OF PALMDALE NOT SERVED WITH RECYCLED WATER BY LOS ANGELES COUNTY WATERWORKS DISTRICT NO. 40" that the City Council will consider on the August 5, 2009 council meeting. Sumtted Miuhaél J. MLaheI Director of Public Works A A A A ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Final Report Original: March 2009 Revised: April 2009 Amended: July 2009 State Watcr R uicc ! ItiJ: ('ii 1 I Iiiidilc Rcc\ \\rL'r I:tilities Planning Study; \\'ilcr P\ IIU :LIIIj!!) I'iriii I'ijcct No. kIP-36lUOlO ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Final Report Prepared by: March 2009 Water andEnvironment State Water Resources Control Board; City of Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Planning Study; Water Recycling Funding Program Project No. WRFP-3610-010 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- March 2009 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 3 1.2 Report Organization 4 Chapter 2 Project Setting 2-1 2.1 Study Area Characteristics 2-1 2.2 Land Use Trends and Population Projections 2-2 2.3 Water Supply and Use 2-4 2.4 Wastewater Collection and Treatment 2-7 2.5 Recycled Water Facilities 2-7 Chapter 3 Market Assessment 3-1 3.1 Methodology 3-1 3.2 Potential Recycled Water Market 3-2 3.3 Recycled Water Supply 3-11 3.4 Recycled Water Quality 3-12 3.5 Market Assessment Summary 3-15 Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis 4-1 4.1 Project Alternative Definition 4-1 4.2 Alternatives Development 4-2 4.3 Alternatives Assessment 4-10 4.4 Alternative Evaluation 4-16 4.5 Freshwater & No Project Alternatives 4-18 Chapter 5 Recommended Project 5-1 5.1 Phase 1 Project Description 5-1 5.2 Phase 1 Project Cost 5-3 5.3 Phase 1 Project Implementation Plan 5-3 5.4 Future Phases 5-13 ---PAGE BREAK--- March 2009 List of Tables Table 2-1: Population Projections 2-2 Table 2-2: Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 40, Antelope Valley Rates 2-6 Table 2-3: Palmdale Water District Minimum Rates 2-6 Table 2-4: Palmdale Water District Usage Beyond Minimum Rates 2-6 Table 2-5: Palmdale Water Demand Projections 2-7 Table 2-6: Palmdale WRP Tertiary Water Supply Projections1 2-9 Table 2-7: Lancaster WRP Tertiary Water Supply Projections1 2-10 Table 3-1: Title 22 Allowed Uses for Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water1 3-2 Table 3-2: PHPP Water Demands 3-3 Table 3-3: PHPP Projected Recycled Water Demands by Month 3-3 Table 3-4: Existing (as of 2011) Palmdale Municipal Customers 3-7 Table 3-5: Future (as of 2015) Palmdale Municipal Customers 3-8 Table 3-6: Potential GWR with Recycled Water Demands in Palmdale 3-9 Table 3-7: Average Annual Water Use Requirements by Crop Type 3-11 Table 3-8: Recycled Water Market Summary 3-11 Table 3-9: Recycled Water Supply Availability from Palmdale WRP 3-12 Table 3-10: PHPP Cooling Tower Water Quality Needs Assessment 3-13 Table 3-11: Landscape Irrigation Water Quality Comparison 3-14 Table 4-1: Hydraulic Design Criteria for Model Development 4-2 Table 4-2: Alternative A Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 4-5 Table 4-3: Alternative B Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 4-5 Table 4-4: Alternative C Primary Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 4-7 Table 4-5: Summary of Potential Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 4-9 Table 4-6: Potential Agriculture and GWR Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 4-9 Table 4-7: Facilities Summary for Base Scenario 4-10 Table 4-8: Alternative A Recycled Water Facilities – by Phase 4-11 Table 4-9: Alternative B Recycled Water Facilities – by Phase 4-12 Table 4-10: Alternative C Recycled Water Facilities – by Phase 4-13 Table 4-11: Pipeline Installation Unit Cost Summary 4-14 Table 4-12: Alternatives Cost Estimates – Base Demand Scenario 4-15 Table 4-13: Alternatives Cost Estimates – Phase 1 Demand Scenario 4-15 Table 4-14: Alternatives Cost Estimates – Phases 1 & 2 Demand Scenario 4-15 Table 4-15: Lancaster Backbone Cost Estimates – 24” & 16” 4-16 Table 4-16: Alternative Evaluation 4-17 Table 4-17: Freshwater and No Project Alternative Costs 4-20 Table 4-18: Avoided Costs of Implementing Alt A 4-21 Table 4-19: Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Benefits of Implementing Alt A 4-21 Table 5-1: Estimate Phase 1 Project Cost 5-3 Table 5-2: Potential Funding Sources 5-6 Table 5-3: Capital Financing Needs 5-8 Table 5-4: Annual Project Costs and Revenue Projections 5-9 Table 5-5: Non-PHPP Recycled Water Sales Revenue Projections. 5-9 ---PAGE BREAK--- March 2009 List of Figures Figure 1-1: Project Vicinity and Characteristics 2 Figure 2-1: Palmdale Land Use 2-3 Figure 2-2: Palmdale WRP Schematic 2-8 Figure 2-3: Palmdale WRP Planned Effluent Management Schematic 2-9 Figure 2-4: Lancaster WRP Schematic 2-10 Figure 3-1: Plan Study Area vs. Antelope Valley Recycled Water Report Facilities 3-5 Figure 3-2: Potential Municipal Recycled Water Customers 3-6 Figure 3-3: Potential Long-Term Demands: Private Agricultural & Groundwater Recharge 3-10 Figure 4-1: Recycled Water Facilities - Alternative A 4-4 Figure 4-2: Recycled Water Facilities - Alternative B 4-6 Figure 4-3: Recycled Water Facilities - Alternative C 4-8 Figure 5-1: Recommended Project – Phase 1 5-2 Figure 5-2: Project Schedule 5-4 Appendices Appendix A - Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant Preliminary Water Treatment Schematic Appendix B - Storage Analysis Appendix C - Detailed Cost Estimates Appendix D - Pipeline Unit Cost Estimate Memo Appendix E - Project Financing Projections Appendix F - City of Lancaster Recycled Water Use Ordinance Appendix G - LACSD Recycled Water Users Handbook – District’ Nos. 14 and 20 Appendix H - Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User Manual ---PAGE BREAK--- March 2009 List of Abbreviations afy acre-feet per year AV RW Report Antelope Valley Recycled Water Project Facilities Planning Report (KJ, 2006) Ave Avenue AVEK Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency Basin Antelope Valley Groundwater Basin CDPH California Department of Public Health CEC California Energy Commission CEQA California Environmental Quality Act cfs cubic feet per second COC cycle of concentrations DWR California Department of Water Resources LF linear feet GWR groundwater recharge GWR-RW groundwater recharge with recycled water HP horsepower IPR indirect potable reuse IRWMP Integrated Regional Water Management Plan JPA Joint Powers Authority LACSD Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County LCID Littlerock Creek Irrigation District M&I municipal and industrial mgd million gallons per day MG million gallons MW megawatt NEPA National Environmental Policy Act PEIR Programmatic Environmental Impact Report PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant PWD Palmdale Water District psi pounds per square inch PUC Public Utilities Commission ROW right-of-way RWFP Recycled Water Funding Program Recycled Water Facilities Planning Grant Regional Water Quality Control Board St Street SWP State Water Project State Water Resources Control Board TDS total dissolved solids TM Technical Memorandum WDR Waste Discharge Requirements WRP Water Reclamation Plant WTP Water Treatment Plant WWD40 Los Angeles County Water Works District 40 ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 1 Introduction FINAL March 2009 1-1 Chapter 1 Introduction The City of Palmdale (City) is pursuing the use of recycled water to offset increased potable water supply demand and diversify the City’s water supply options. At the moment, the City’s water supply needs are served by Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 40 (WWD40) and the Palmdale Water District (PWD). Approximately 55 percent of these supplies are from imported surface water from the State Water Project (SWP) and 35 percent are from groundwater. The remaining consists of surface water from PWD’s Littlerock Reservoir; although this supply can vary significantly based on local precipitation. The ability of the City to reliably meet future water demand with existing water supplies is not certain. The Antelope Valley Groundwater Basin is severely overdrafted and is currently in the process of adjudication, which will limit and possibly decrease the allowable annual extraction of groundwater. The reliability of SWP water is also in question due to a multitude of issues.1 Maximizing use of recycled water that will be available from the Palmdale Water Reclamation Plant (Palmdale WRP) and the Lancaster WRP will help the City and the Antelope Valley address its water supply uncertainties by capitalizing on a local, reliable source of water. In 2006, the WWD40 completed the Antelope Valley Recycled Water Project Facilities Planning Report (AV RW Report) (KJ, 2006). The report recommended a regional recycled water distribution system that included serving City non-potable demands. Since the completion of the AV RW Report, additional non- potable customer opportunities have been identified. These new demands include the water supply needs of the proposed Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant (PHPP), proposed business parks, private agriculture, and indirect potable reuse (IPR) via groundwater recharge (GWR) with recycled water (GWR-RW). Since these opportunities were not factored into the AV RW Report, the City prepared a Recycled Water Facilities Planning Study in November 2007 (RMC, 2007) to evaluate the use of recycled water in the Palmdale area for all considered uses. The study confirmed that recycled water was a feasible option for the City and the results provided the foundation for this Plan. This Recycled Water Facilities Plan (Plan) defines a set of alternatives for construction of a new distribution system that would deliver recycled water from the Palmdale WRP to the newly planned PHPP and municipal and industrial (M&I) customers in the City as well as serve as a portion of the regional backbone by connecting to the regional recycled water pipeline from Lancaster WRP. This Plan includes a water supply assessment that documents projected recycled water supplies and a market assessment to provide demand estimates for a number of recycled water users that could potentially be served by the distribution alignments under consideration. Cost estimates were developed for each alternative to determine its feasibility and cost effectiveness. Based on these criteria, a preferred alternative was identified which has been further developed into the Recommended Facilities Plan (Chapter This Plan includes: ƒ Characterization of the project setting; ƒ Assessment of the recycled water market in the City and surrounding areas (see Figure 1-1); ƒ Development and evaluation of recycled water project alternatives; ƒ Documentation of recycled water market assurances; and ƒ Preparation of a construction financing plan and implementation plan for the recommended facilities. 1 DWR (2007) identified three general factors that determine water reliability: 1) availability of water from the source; 2) availability of means of conveyance; and 3) level and pattern of water demand in the deliver service area. Through 2027, DWR projects a long-term average delivery of SWP Table A water from the Delta of 63 to 69 percent. In addition, the minimum estimated delivery in a single dry year is 6 to 7 percent and 26 to 36 percent under multi-year drought conditions. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 1 Introduction FINAL March 2009 1-3 1.1 Background Due to current and anticipated growth, as well as increasing uncertainty as to the Antelope Valley’s ability to meet local water demands with imported water and groundwater, cities and water supply agencies across the Antelope Valley are taking proactive steps towards expanding the use of recycled water to meet a variety of non-potable and indirect potable uses. The City’s residents and businesses are a major user of water in the Antelope Valley and the water demand will likely increase since the City’s population is expected to double over the next twenty years. In response to the expected population growth, the Antelope Valley is developing alternative water resources2 including recycled water facilities to help meet its water supply needs. Developing recycled water use in the City would: ƒ Reduce Dependence on SWP and Groundwater Supplies: Imported SWP water supplies represent approximately 55 percent and groundwater supplies represent the approximately 35 percent of water used within the City. Recycled water use within the City will help reduce dependency on these sources. ƒ Improve Water Supply Reliability: Recycled water supply is generally not affected by hydrologic conditions; therefore, it provides additional dry year reliability. ƒ Preserve Potable Water Supplies: Using recycled water to serve non-potable demands, such as irrigation and industrial demands, will preserve high-quality drinking water supplies for potable needs. The City has access to a variety of potable and non-potable supply sources. For the time being, the City’s needs are being fully supplied by potable water; however, two key issues for potable water supplies are: 1. The ongoing uncertainty of SWP water reliability; and 2. The decreased availability and/or increased cost of groundwater supplies after adjudication. These issues, coupled with available recycled water, have led the City to explore the addition of a recycled water component to its water supply portfolio. The Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (LACSD) are currently upgrading the Palmdale WRP and Lancaster WRP facilities to tertiary treatment to produce recycled water in accordance with Department of Public Health (CDPH) Title 22 requirements (Chapter 3, Division 4, Title 22, California Code of Regulations (CCR), Section 60301). Construction of the Palmdale WRP and Lancaster WRP upgrades are expected to be completed in 2011 and 2010, respectively. As these upgrades come online, there will be additional recycled water available for beneficial reuse by the Antelope Valley. Potential recycled water uses in the City include many applications that are suitable for non-potable uses, such as landscape irrigation and industrial water demands. In these cases, potable supplies that are currently being used or planned to be used could be offset with direct use of recycled water. Also, IPR via GWR-RW is an opportunity that is considered in this Plan but not fully explored due to notable issues that would need to be addressed prior to implementation.3 2 The Regional Water Management Group (RWMG) of the Antelope Valley completed the Antelope Valley Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (IRWMP) in November 2007 (KJ, 2007). Members of the RWMG include AVEK, AVSWCA, Lancaster, Palmdale, LCID, LACSD, WWD40, PWD, QHWD, and RCSD. The goals of the AV IRWMP were to address: 1) how municipal and industrial purveyors can reliability provide the quantity and quality of water that will be demanded by a growing population; 2) options to satisfy agricultural users’ demand for reliable supplies of reasonable cost irrigation water; and 3) opportunities to protect and enhance the current water and environmental resources within the Antelope Valley Region. 3 The City of Lancaster has proposed a GWR-RW pilot project (RMC, 2008) to be implemented over the next five years to begin to address issues unique to the indirect potable reuse of recycled water via groundwater recharge. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 1 Introduction FINAL March 2009 1-4 The City seeks to determine the optimal alignment for regional recycled water facilities that include meeting the PHPP and Palmdale M&I demands and considers the potential for future recycled water use for GWR and private agriculture. 1.2 Report Organization This Plan consists of five chapters and is organized as follows: Chapter 1 – Introduction: This section describes the need for developing the use of recycled water for the City and an overview of the Plan. It also provides the background and basis for recycled water planning that has been conducted to date. Chapter 2 - Project Setting: This section characterizes the study area including climate, hydrologic features, land use, water supply and use, wastewater treatment and disposal, and existing recycled water facilities. Chapter 3 - Market Assessment: This section identifies potential recycled water users within the study area, providing estimates of recycled water demand. Chapter 4 - Project Alternative Analysis: This section discusses the methodology for developing and evaluating various recycled water project alternatives. It defines design criteria and assumptions and provides a detailed description of each project alternative, including a “No Project Alternative.” Chapter 5 - Recommended Facilities Project Plan: This section describes the recommended facilities, including operational strategy, cost, implementation plan and construction financing plan. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-1 Chapter 2 Project Setting This section provides a characterization of the study area, including information on climate, population, land use, water supply and use, wastewater treatment and disposal. 2.1 Study Area Characteristics The following provides general characteristics of the study area: Location: The City is located 60 freeway miles northeast of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and 95 freeway miles southeast of Bakersfield (in Kern County) at an elevation of approximately 2,600 feet above mean sea level. The City is bordered by the City of Lancaster and unincorporated community of Quartz Hill to the north; unincorporated communities of Lake Los Angeles and Littlerock to the east; the unincorporated community of Acton to the south; and the unincorporated community of Leona Valley to the west. The City currently encompasses 95 square miles and has adopted a Sphere of Influence (SOI) that is 174 square miles (General Plan, 1993). The study area in this Plan includes the City’s Sphere of Influence, as well as some areas immediately adjacent to the Sphere of Influence in the City of Lancaster and Los Angeles County. Climate: The study area is located in a high desert climate, characterized by hot dry summers and cool wet winters. The average annual rainfall is 7.91 inches per year that occurs mostly during winter from December to March (KJ, 2007). There is little precipitation during the summer from June to September. Soils and Topography: The study area lies in a broad alluvial-filled valley. In general, soils within the Antelope Valley are generally derived from downslope migration of loess and alluvial materials, mainly from granitic rock sources originating along the eastern slopes of the Tehachapi and San Gabriel Mountains (KJ, 2007). The soil in the study area consists of alluvial deposits that have been derived from erosion of the mountains that border the alluvial plain (LACSD, 2005). These deposits are composed of sands, silty sands and gravels which are moderately permeable. The soils are level, well-drained, moderately to highly alkaline and contain areas that are saline affected. Due to the dry climate, soils do not contain significant amounts of organic matter and have a low intrinsic fertility. However, the predominant soils that are found in the study area are generally suitable for agricultural production and there are large areas of historical and current agricultural production within the study area and in the nearby vicinity. In these areas, where agricultural practices have led to tilling of plant residues back into the soil, the organic content of the soils has increased over time. Hydrologic Features: The study area is located in the Antelope Valley Groundwater Basin (Basin), a hydrologically enclosed watershed bounded by the Tehachapi Mountains on the northwest, San Gabriel Mountains and Sierra Pelano Mountains to the south, and low-lying buttes of San Bernardino County to the east. The Basin is comprised of two primary aquifers; the principal (or upper) aquifer and the deep (or lower) aquifer. The principal aquifer is unconfined. The lower aquifer, which is separated from the principal aquifer by clay layers originating from deposition of lacustrine sediment from an ancient lake that used to cover a large part of the Antelope Valley, is generally considered to be confined. Natural groundwater recharge in the study area occurs from percolation of precipitation from the San Gabriel Mountains to the south. These natural flow patterns have been altered somewhat by the presence of a groundwater level depression between the City and the City of Lancaster, caused by high amounts of groundwater pumping (Wildermuth, 2007). In general, groundwater levels appear to be falling in the southern portion of the Basin including the study area, which is ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-2 attributable to the higher levels of pumping taking place there. The amount of recharge to the Basin is not precisely known and substantive amounts of recharge occur only during very wet years. Estimates of natural groundwater recharge rates in the Basin vary from 31,200 to 80,400 acre-feet per year (afy) (KJ, 2007). Human activities are responsible for other sources of recharge such as irrigation of agriculture and landscapes and wastewater effluent management practices. Very little or no recharge results from rainfall on the valley floor as the Antelope Valley receives less than 10 inches of rainfall per year and most of this is lost through transpiration and evaporation. 2.2 Land Use Trends and Population Projections 2.2.1 Land Use Existing land use within the study area is shown in Figure 2-1. Within the existing City boundaries, land use is mainly residential. Other uses include commercial and industrial uses, including United States Air Force Plant 42 (Plant 42) and a small amount of agriculture. In the City’s 1993 General Plan, land use percentages within the City’s Sphere of Influence were: 79.5% vacant, 12% residential, 5% Plant 42 (aerospace industrial), 0.7% other commercial industrial, 0.4% public facilities, 0.4% agriculture, and 0.6% parks and open space. The large amount of remaining vacant land in the City planning area leaves significant potential for future growth and some of the land has already been allocated for housing development. 2.2.2 Population Projections Table 2-1 provides a summary of population projections for the City and the Antelope Valley as a whole. As shown in this table the population for the study area is expected to more than double between 2005 and 2035. Table 2-1: Population Projections 2005 20101 2015 20201 20251 20301 2035 Palmdale2 146,000 182,000 218,000 260,000 299,000 337,000 380,000 Antelope Valley 450,000 545,000 641,000 774,000 907,500 1,041,000 1,174,000 Source: KJ, 2007; Table 2-3 Notes: 1. Populations from 2005 and 2015 were obtained from KJ, 2007. Projections for 2010 populations were obtained from interpolation between 2005 and 2015. Projections for 2020, 2025 and 2030 were obtained from interpolations between 2015 and 2035. 2. Values are the sum of 75% of PWD projections and 23% of WWD40 projections. Percentages were based on estimated percent of population of each water purveyor that are located within the City. ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY OF PALMDALE Proposed Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant (currently under construction) Little Rock Wash Lake Palmdale Little Rock Res. 90th St 50th St Palmdale Blvd 60th St Elizabeth Lake Rd Avenue M F ort Tejo n Rd 87th St Pearblossom Hwy Palmdale Rd 14 138 Palmdale WRP Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\LandUse_Palmdale_DH_2008.mxd Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Other Features LACSD Recycled Water Pipeline California Aqueduct Water Bodies Existing Facilities Water Reclamation Plant Division St. Recycled Water Storage (Lancaster) Proposed Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant City Boundaries Figure 2-1 Land Use Antelope Valley Recycled Water Project Facilities Planning Report (KJ, 2006) Proposed Facilities Recycled Water Backbone Groundwater Recharge Pipeline Recycled Water Storage Recycled Water Pump Station Land Use Residential Commercial Industrial Public and Semi-Public Facilities Irrigated Farm Dry Farm Recreational Institutional Misc. (Canal, ROW, etc.) Vacant Land 0 2 4 1 Miles Reservoir ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-4 2.3 Water Supply and Use This section describes study area water supplies, major water facilities, current rates, and water use trends. 2.3.1 Potable Water Supply Characteristics and Facilities Potable supplies available to the City consist of imported SWP water, local surface water and groundwater. The retail agencies that serve the City are PWD and WWD40. PWD serves the eastern half of the City and approximately 75 percent of the City’s total population. PWD also serves unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. PWD’s supplies are obtained from Littlerock Creek Dam and Reservoir, SWP water and groundwater. In 2005, PWD delivered approximately 28,000 af of potable supplies composed of 52 percent imported water, 12 percent local surface water and 36 percent groundwater (Carollo, 2005). PWD has a SWP contract for a supply allocation of 21,300 afy. WWD40 serves the City of Lancaster and the western half of the City of Palmdale. In 2004, WWD40 delivered 57,600 afy of potable supplies within its service area that consisted of 63 percent imported water and 37 percent groundwater (KJ, 2005). Although exact numbers were not available for the breakdown of actual WWD40 deliveries to the City, the portion of the City that is served by WWD40 represents approximately 23% of the total population within the entire WWD40 service area. Assuming a direct relationship, this is equivalent to approximately 13,250 afy. In total, the City’s potable water demand is approximately 41,250 afy and is comprised of approximately 55 percent imported water, 35 percent groundwater, and 10 percent local surface water. Imported Water Imported water from the SWP provides approximately 55 percent of the water supply for the City. The SWP is operated by DWR and includes 660 miles of aqueduct and conveyance facilities from Lake Oroville in northern California to Lake Perris in southern California. PWD is contractually allowed to receive 21,300 afy of SWP water and WWD40 receives its imported water from the Antelope Valley-East Kern Water Agency (AVEK), which has a 141,000 afy SWP entitlement. Availability of SWP water varies from year to year, depending on precipitation, regulatory restrictions, legislative restrictions, and operational conditions. It is especially unreliable during dry years. Also, PWD and AVEK have limited capacity in their existing facilities to treat and deliver imported water to their customers. Imported water supplies are treated before being distributed to customers at PWD’s Palmdale Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and AVEK’s Quartz Hill WTP. Groundwater As discussed in the previous two sections, groundwater pumping makes up a significant proportion of both the WWD40 and PWD water supply portfolio, accounting for approximately one third of supplies during a normal year. The underlying Basin is unadjudicated and groundwater extractions have exceeded natural recharge estimates since the 1920’s (USGS, 2003). The Antelope Valley Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (KJ, 2007) noted that historical estimates of natural recharge have ranged from 30,300 to 81,400 afy and the most recent (1991 through 1995) estimates from the USGS contend that groundwater pumpage averaged 81,700 afy. Depending on the results of the ongoing adjudication, the quantity of groundwater supplies available to the City’s retailers could be decreased and the cost of acquiring additional groundwater supplies would likely increase. The Basin is composed of a series of subbasins and the City overlies the Lancaster, Buttes and Pearland groundwater subbasins (USGS, 2003). The upper aquifer in the southern area of the Antelope Valley is unconfined and groundwater recharge efforts through spreading will likely impact the upper aquifer (RMC, 2007). As the cities of Lancaster and Palmdale have become more developed and urbanized, there ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-5 has been a noticeable decline in groundwater levels. Increased groundwater pumping in the Lancaster subbasin to support urban development and agricultural needs has created a significant depression in groundwater levels between the cities of Lancaster and Palmdale with a prominent “ridge” of high groundwater levels present near the LACSD Lancaster WRP agricultural operations (Wildermuth, 2007). Groundwater quality is suitable for domestic, irrigation and most industrial uses. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and nitrate are the two constituents that present the most concern to groundwater quality in the study area and arsenic also has emerged as a potential concern (KJ, 2007). Groundwater quality sampling data shows TDS concentrations that range from 110 to 1,480 mg/L, with samples at four wells above the recommended secondary drinking Maximum Concentration Level (MCL) of 500 mg/L (RMC, 2007) Nitrate levels ranged from non-detect to 15 mg/L and exceeded the primary drinking water MCL in three wells. Surface Water (Littlerock Reservoir) Littlerock Reservoir is a 3,500 af impoundment located south of the City that is co-owned by PWD and the Littlerock Creek Irrigation District (LCID). The reservoir captures local surface water runoff from the Littlerock and Santiago Canyons. PWD and LCID have long-standing water rights to 5,500 afy from the Littlerock Creek. At the current time, LCID is able to purchase 1,000 afy or 25% of the yield from the reservoir from PWD, whichever is less (KJ, 2005). When the 50-year reservoir rehabilitation agreement between PWD and LCID ends in 2042, LCID will regain its water rights according to the 1922 agreement between PWD and LCID which stipulates that LCID will receive the first 13 cubic feet per second (cfs) measured at the point of inflow into the reservoir and that the subsequent volumes will be shared between PWD (75%) and LCID The agreement also accords 50% storage capacity to each agency. The water yield available from the Littlerock Reservoir is variable according to the weather and precipitation. Based on an analysis of actual hydrology data from 1949-1999, the yield on average to PWD has been 6,920 afy with a minimum of 1,072 afy and maximum of 14,469 afy (Carollo, 2005). The probability of PWD being able to divert their full allotment of 5,500 afy is approximately 50% in any given year. Water quality from Littlerock Reservoir is suitable for direct agricultural use and for M&I use after receiving treatment at PWD’s Palmdale WTP. 2.3.2 Water System Facilities PWD and WWD40 serve over 260,000 people and approximately 67% of the population in the Antelope Valley. The PWD water system is comprised of the following components (KJ, 2007): ƒ Groundwater Facilities: PWD operates 26 wells (although 2 are currently out of production due to water quality concerns) for a total maximum capacity of 22.7 mgd and has 4 additional drilled, unequipped wells. ƒ Treatment Facilities: The Palmdale WTP capacity is limited to 28 million gallons per day (mgd) but planned improvements will increase the capacity to 35 mgd and a new 10 mgd WTP is in the preliminary design stage. The WWD40 water system is comprised of the following components (KJ, 2007): ƒ Groundwater Facilities: 42 wells for a total maximum capacity of 55.5 mgd. ƒ Treatment Facilities: AVEK treats imported water delivered to WWD40 from the Quartz Hill WTP (one of four AVEK WTPs) with a rated capacity of 65 mgd. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-6 2.3.3 Potable Water Rates Potable water rates for the City’s water purveyors are presented in this section. WWD40 are provided in Table 2-2. In addition to the rates provided, WWD40 has conservation credits, effective quantity adjustments, and excessive surcharges for both the winter and summer seasons. Table 2-2: Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 40, Antelope Valley Rates Meter Size Billing Units Allowance (x100 cf) Service Charge For Service Zones: 2555, 2615, 2696 2837,2911 2980, 3005 5/8”x3/4 “ 1 5 $13.65 $13.65 $15.24 3/4“ 1 5 $13.65 $13.65 $15.24 3/4“x1” 1 5 $13.65 $13.65 $15.24 1” 2 10 $27.30 $27.30 $30.48 1 1/2" 3 15 $40.95 $40.95 $45.72 2” 5 25 $68.25 $68.25 $76.20 2 1/2" 7 35 $95.55 $95.55 $106.68 3” 11 55 $150.15 $150.15 $167.64 4” 17 85 $232.05 $232.05 $259.08 6” 33 165 $450.45 $450.45 $502.92 8” 53 265 $723.45 $723.45 $807.72 10” 77 385 $1,051.05 $1,051.05 $1,173.48 12” 100 500 $1,365.00 $1,365.00 $1,524.00 Quantity Charge in Excess of Allowances $0.77 / hcf $0.86 / hcf $1.05 / hcf PWD has established an increasing block structure with five tiers based on an elevation component and water usage. The minimum rates by meter size are shown in Table 2-3 and usages beyond minimum rates are shown in Table 2-4. Table 2-3: Palmdale Water District Minimum Rates Meter Size (in) Minimum Charge Units Included in Minimum Charge [1 unit = 100 cubic feet] 5/8” x 3/4” $12.87 5 1” $25.73 10 1-1/2” $38.60 15 2” $64.34 25 3” $128.67 50 4” $218.74 85 6” $424.61 165 8” $681.95 265 10” $990.76 385 12” $1,286.70 500 Table 2-4: Palmdale Water District Usage Beyond Minimum Rates Usage (ccf) Base ($/ccf) Area 1 ($/ccf) Area 2 ($/ccf) Area 3 ($/ccf) 0 - 10 $1.27 $1.44 $1.63 $2.53 11 – 25 $1.29 $1.46 $1.63 $2.53 26 – 50 $1.32 $1.49 $1.63 $2.53 51 – 100 $1.37 $1.54 $1.63 $2.53 101 & above $1.41 $1.58 $1.63 $2.53 ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-7 2.3.4 Water Use Trends Water usage in the City can be characterized as growing relatively slowly over the last ten years. In 2005, the water usage in the City was approximately 41,250 afy. Table 2-5 presents an estimate of water demand through 2035. The Antelope Valley demand projections include an assumed constant agricultural demand (based on assumed crop acreages and water requirements) of 127,000 afy. Table 2-5: Palmdale Water Demand Projections 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Palmdale1 41,250 2 48,000 60,000 71,000 82,000 92,000 104,000 Antelope Valley 249,850 283,000 311,000 341,000 375,000 412,000 456,000 Source: KJ, 2007; Table 3-9 Notes: 1. Projections were based on the population projections in Table 2-1 and an assumed water per capita use of 243 gpd (or 0.273 afy). 2. Water demand for 2005 for Palmdale was actual demand. 2.4 Wastewater Collection and Treatment Wastewater collection and treatment for the cities of Palmdale and Lancaster is provided by LACSD, which provides service to the Antelope Valley through Districts No. 14 and 20. The two districts serve a combined wastewater service area of approximately 76 square miles and over approximately 310,000 people. Collection is provided through a network of 104 miles of trunk sewers, which are all designed to provide wastewater conveyance through gravity flow. The Antelope Valley is a closed basin without an outlet to the ocean so the receiving water of effluent from the Palmdale WRP is the Antelope Valley Groundwater Basin, which has designated beneficial uses of Municipal and Domestic Supply and Agricultural Supply. The Lahontan issued revised Waste Discharge Requirements (WDRs) in 2000 (Lahontan Order 6-00-57) that set receiving water limits to maintain both of these beneficial uses and ordered LACSD to take action of suspected groundwater nitrate contamination attributed in part to historical land application and agricultural practices. LACSD was disposing of effluent to the Effluent Management Site via crop irrigation at agronomic rates, crop irrigation above agronomic rates and land application (surface spreading). Subsequently, LACSD developed the Palmdale WRP 2025 Facilities Plan (LACSD, 2005) to identify effluent management methods in place of land application and agricultural irrigation above agronomic rates. As discussed in the following section, LACSD plans to upgrade the Palmdale WRP with tertiary treatment facilities, add seasonal storage reservoirs, and expand agricultural irrigation use to have the capability to dispose of all effluent at crop agronomic rates. There are no water rights issues associated with use of recycled water from the Palmdale WRP since its planned use is crop irrigation at agronomic rates eliminates potential flow to receiving waters. 2.5 Recycled Water Facilities Non-potable supplies to serve the study area include recycled water that will be available from the Palmdale WRP and Lancaster WRP in mid-2011 and late 2010, respectively. Both plants are operated by LACSD and an objective of this project is to hydraulically connect the plants. Palmdale WRP is the primary water supply for the study area and Lancaster WRP is considered a backup supply. Other potential non-potable supplies that could be considered in the future, but are outside the scope of this study, are stormwater and lower-quality groundwater that has been rendered non-potable due to the presence of arsenic at levels exceeding 10 µg/L (RMC, 2006b). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-8 2.5.1 Palmdale Water Reclamation Plant The Palmdale WRP is located in the City and has a secondary treatment capacity of 15.0 mgd. In 2006, the Palmdale WRP produced an average of 8.0 mgd of disinfected secondary treated water that was used by LACSD for the irrigation of crops and trees. As part of a planned set of improvements laid out by the Palmdale WRP 2025 Facilities Plan (LACSD, 2005), LACSD planned to upgrade to 15.0 mgd of tertiary treatment capacity; however, due to lower than projected development rates, LACSD now plans to construct 12.0 mgd of tertiary capacity by mid-2011. The current secondary treatment facility consists of comminution, grit removal, primary sedimentation, secondary treatment via oxidation ponds, chlorination, and solids processing through anaerobic sludge digestion and sludge drying beds. The planned tertiary treatment modifications will upgrade the secondary process to activated sludge, and provide tertiary filtration and chlorination. The upgraded process will consist of comminution, grit removal, primary sedimentation, aeration basin, secondary clarifier, filtration and chlorination. The aeration basin will be operated in nitrification/denitrification mode to increase nitrogen removal. Effluent pumps will be constructed as part of the upgrade to pump the recycled water to the LACSD Palmdale Agriculture Reuse Project. Primary effluent equalization basins will be constructed ahead of the primary treatment process to allow stabilization of treated flows so that the tertiary effluent flow will be constant and approximately equal to the average daily influent flow. A schematic of the proposed treatment process is shown in Figure 2-2. Figure 2-2: Palmdale WRP Schematic ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-9 Palmdale WRP construction activities for this upgrade will commence in early 2008 and production of tertiary treated water from the plant is expected to begin by mid-2011. Table 2-6 shows the projected Palmdale WRP tertiary water supply through the year 2030; however, actual flow will likely be lower than originally projected by LACSD (2005) due to lower than projected development rates. As a result, LACSD has reduced the planned Palmdale WRP capacity for 2011 to 12.0 mgd. Table 2-6: Palmdale WRP Tertiary Water Supply Projections1 Units 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 mgd 13.8 2 16.4 19.5 22.4 25.7 afy 15,500 18,400 21,800 25,100 28,800 Source: LACSD, 2005; Table 5-15 Notes: 1. Italics represent extrapolated and interpolated values. 2. LACSD reduced the planned capacity in 2011 to 12.0 mgd due to lower than projected development rates. Tertiary effluent in excess of recycled water demand will be managed through storage reservoirs and meeting agricultural demands at the LACSD Existing Effluent Management Site and the LACSD PWRP Agriculture Reuse Site. Palmdale WRP will have substantial off-site storage facilities by 2010 to provide seasonal storage for recycled water management operations at LACSD sites but no on-site storage for recycled water operations at M&I sites. Figure 2-3 shows the planned effluent management strategy for the Palmdale WRP. Figure 2-3: Palmdale WRP Planned Effluent Management Schematic According to LACSD4, the highest tertiary water quality from Palmdale WRP will be available of the new facilities on 30th Street. Initially, sharing the LACSD effluent management pipeline was considered to reduce infrastructure costs but LACSD did not recommend tapping into the main due to expected low and fluctuating pressure and lower water quality during the summer resulting from seasonal storage at the off-site reservoirs. As a result, all the alternatives assumed recycled water for this project would be pumped at a point just of the chlorine contact tanks to minimize the water quality risk to PHPP. Since storage is not available for recycled water operations, an analysis was conducted to evaluate if storage will be needed. 2.5.2 Lancaster Water Reclamation Plant The Lancaster WRP is located approximate 2 miles outside the northern boundaries of the City of Lancaster. The current secondary treatment capacity of the Lancaster WRP is 17.0 mgd, including a 1.0 4 Based on conversation with Brian Dietrick at the project kickoff meeting on June 27, 2007. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 2 Project Setting FINAL March 2009 2-10 mgd membrane bioreactor (MBR). A set of on-site facilities known as the Antelope Valley Tertiary Treatment Plant can provide tertiary treatment for up to 0.6 mgd. The Lancaster WRP will upgrade and expand to 18.0 mgd of tertiary treatment capacity by late 2010. The upgraded tertiary treatment facility will consist of influent pump station, influent and primary odor control stations, comminution, aerated grit removal, primary sedimentation, aeration, secondary clarification, filtration, chlorination, sludge digestion and drying. A schematic of the proposed treatment process is shown in Figure 2-4. Table 2-7 shows the expected Lancaster WRP tertiary treated total flows through the year 2030; however, actual flow will likely be lower than originally projected by LACSD (2004) due to lower than projected development rates. As a result, LACSD has reduced the planned Lancaster WRP capacity for 2010 from 18.0 mgd to 15.0 mgd. Table 2-7: Lancaster WRP Tertiary Water Supply Projections1 Item Units 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 LWRP Tertiary Flows1 mgd 18.0 2 22.0 26.0 32.0 38.0 afy 20,200 24,600 29,100 35,800 42,100 Source: LACSD, 2004; Table 5-13 Notes: 1. Italics represent extrapolated and interpolated values. 2. LACSD reduced the planned capacity in 2010 to 15.0 mgd due to lower than projected development rates. Figure 2-4: Lancaster WRP Schematic ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-1 Chapter 3 Market Assessment This section presents an assessment of the market for recycled water use within the study area. 3.1 Methodology The goals of the recycled water market assessment are to identify near- and long-term uses of recycled water within the study area. The market assessment included a detailed examination within the study area of potential users and demands, supply availability, implementation challenges and develop basis of calculating and implementing fees for recycled water infrastructure, installation, and utilization. The methodology used for the market assessment is described below. 1. Identify Potential Users Identifying potential recycled water customers was the first step in the recycled water market assessment. An initial list of customers was identified based on the Antelope Valley Recycled Water Project Facilities Planning Report (AV RW Report) (KJ, 2006). Since preparation of the report, planning for the PHPP has become more established and additional recycled water uses, such as for private agriculture and groundwater recharge, have been investigated. Although, agricultural irrigation and GWR were not specifically evaluated for recycled water demand because there is limited existing interest from agricultural customers and groundwater recharge opportunities are in the early stages of development. 2. Determine Potential Recycled Water Demands The next step was to determine the recycled water demand for each user. The recycled water market assessment for the City began with identified existing and future customers in the AV RW Report (KJ, 2006). City staff updated customer demand information from the report, including the addition of a second business park near the PHPP. Demand information for the PHPP was provided by Inland Energy (the consultant hired by the City to design the power plant). A peak day demand factor of 2.2 was applied to all landscape irrigation customers without detailed demand information to account for seasonal demand variation and a 3.0 peak hour factor was applied for landscape irrigation customers without onsite storage to account for nighttime irrigation requirements by CDPH. 3. Confirm Availability of Recycled Water Supply Once the recycled water demands were identified and quantified, they were compared to the available recycled water supply to be generated at the Palmdale WRP. LACSD will upgrade the Palmdale WRP to 12.0 mgd of tertiary treatment capacity by mid-2011. The need for operational storage at the Palmdale WRP or at another location was evaluated by comparing hourly effluent data with peak hour demand estimates and is discussed in the Alternatives Analysis. Recycled water from Lancaster WRP will serve the PHPP until the Palmdale WRP tertiary treatment expansion is complete because the PHPP is scheduled to start operations prior to the Palmdale WRP commencing tertiary water production. The Lancaster WRP will expand to 18.0 mgd of tertiary treatment capacity by late 2010. Also, the Lancaster WRP will serve as a backup water supply for the PHPP once Palmdale WRP operations commence. 4. Evaluate Recycled Water Quality Potential recycled water customers have different water quality needs according to the intended use. Section 3.4 examines water quality issues associated with using recycled water for irrigation of urban areas and identifies water quality concerns for the end users identified in this study. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-2 3.2 Potential Recycled Water Market Table 3-1 includes a list of potential recycled water users allowed by the DPH for disinfected tertiary recycled water meeting Title 22 standards. This Plan focuses on urban irrigation and industrial users. Table 3-1: Title 22 Allowed Uses for Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water1 Allowed Uses of Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water1 Food crops - contact with edible portion of the crop, including all root crops Parks and playgrounds School Yards Residential landscaping Unrestricted access golf courses Food crops where edible portion is produced above ground and not contacted by recycled water Cemeteries Freeway Landscape Restricted access golf courses Ornamental nursery stock and sod farms where access by the general public is not restricted Pasture for animals producing milk for human consumption Any non-edible vegetation where access is controlled so that irrigated area cannot be used as if it were part of a park, playground or school yard Orchards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop Vineyards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop Non food-bearing trees (no irrigation with recycled water for 14 days prior to harvesting or allowing general public access) Fodder crops (e.g. alfalfa) and fiber crops (e.g. cotton) Seed Crops not eaten by humans Food crops that undergo commercial pathogen-destroying processing before consumption by humans Ornamental nursery stock and sod farms provided no irrigation with recycled Water occurs for a period of 14 days prior to harvesting, retail sale, or allowing access by the general public Industrial or commercial cooling Flushing toilets and urinals Groundwater recharge2 Notes: 1. This table does not represent an all-inclusive list of recycled water uses. The California Health Laws Related to Recycled Water, “The Purple Book” (June 2001)5 for requirements for impoundment, cooling, and other uses. 2. Allowed under special case by case permits with the The study area offers an array of potential recycled water uses and users. The planned PHPP represents the largest potential demand and will serve as the initial anchor recycled water customer. Other potential customers in the Palmdale area are described in this section, including landscape irrigation at parks, golf courses, and schools within and adjacent to the City. 5 Available at www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Documents/Recharge/Purplebookupdate6-01.PDF ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-3 The focus of this Plan is on Palmdale area M&I customers; however, other customers or projects may be served by recycled water in the future but will not be reviewed in depth in this Plan, including: ƒ Regional M&I (beyond study area) ƒ Private Agriculture ƒ Groundwater Recharge These long-term demands will likely be considered in depth at later phases of recycled water use development. 3.2.1 Palmdale Municipal and Industrial Demands The following sections describe potential M&I demands in Palmdale and are divided into demands for the PHPP (industrial) and Palmdale municipal customers. Industrial - Palmdale Hybrid Power Project The PHPP is expected to begin in late 2009, upon approval of the CEC permit, and operational by mid- 2012. The plant will utilize recycled water for cooling tower and boiler feed demands and represents a major potential local user of recycled water. The proposed 550 megawatt (MW) power plant site is approximately 300 acres near the intersection of Sierra Highway and Avenue (Ave) M. The City is currently working on securing a permit from the California Energy Commission (CEC) to build and operate the PHPP. The annual average recycled water demand from the PHPP is estimated to be 2,600 afy with a 5.1 mgd peak day demand over 24 hours. The potential demands for the PHPP are summarized in Table 3-2. Table 3-2: PHPP Water Demands Annual Peak Month Peak Day Notes 2,600 af 272 af 5.1 mgd Takes into account 0.5 million gallons of on site operational storage Source: Inland Energy, 2007 Note: On-site pretreatment is planned for cooling tower and boiler feed supply. PHPP demands are projected to vary throughout the year due to plant operational characteristics that are based on electricity demand variations. During summer and winter months, the plant is expected to operate continuously at maximum operating capacity.6 During fall and spring, the plant is expected to shut down in the evenings, Sundays, and for 2 weeks prior to peak demand periods in the summer and winter. Table 3-3 shows PHPP projected recycled water demands based on these assumptions. Table 3-3: PHPP Projected Recycled Water Demands by Month Units J F M A M J J A S O N D mgd 2.9 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.9 afm 272 255 169 163 169 263 272 272 163 169 163 272 Source: Inland Energy, 2007 Note: Assumes 80% operating factor during winter (December to February) and summer (June to August) months and 50% operation factor during remaining months to attain 65% annual average capacity. Power plants have specific water quality requirements and are discussed in Section 3.4.1. 6 “Maximum operating capacity” is assumed to be 80% of “full operating capacity.” Recycled water demand from PHPP at full operating capacity will be 3.6 mgd and, therefore, at maximum operating capacity will be 2.9 mgd. The annual average operating capacity is 65% of the full operating capacity, which would require 2.3 mgd of recycled water (Inland Energy, 2007). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-4 Municipal The AV RW Report provides the basis for the preliminary market assessment for M&I uses within and adjacent to the City. The report estimated 4,532 afy of existing recycled water demand for the City and PWD and 10,581 afy at build-out; however, this Plan only considered a subset of these potential customers. This subset is displayed in Figure 3-1 and can be roughly described as an area east of Highway 14, south of the City limits at Ave M and Ave L, west of 50th Street (St) West, and North Ave R. The area includes 1,489 afy of existing demands and another 1,142 afy of future demands the City and PWD that were identified in the AV RW Report. This study estimated total M&I recycled water demand through build-out and identified phased alignments to access selected sets of demands over time. Potential recycled water customers for the City consist of existing and planned schools, parks and golf courses. Municipal demands identified in the following sections are shown on Figure 3-2. Potential Palmdale M&I customers are identified as either an existing (demand that currently exists or will exist by the time the Palmdale WRP produces tertiary- treated water in 2011) or future demand (demand projected to exist after 2011). ---PAGE BREAK--- Study Area Phase 1A Phase 1B Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Antelope Valley Recycled Water Report Proposed Palmdale Area Phasing Figure 3-1 Adapted from AVRW Report (KJ, 2006); Figure No. 14 Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\Phasing_Palmdale_DNH_2008.mxd ---PAGE BREAK--- Sierra Highway PWRP 14 138 O2 S7 S8 S9 P3 P2 P1 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 P5 P4 O1 BP1 S13 S12 S11 S10 GC2 GC1 BP2 PHPP Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\RW-Customers_Palmdale_DNH_2008.mxd 0 0.5 1 0.25 Miles Division St. J K L M N O P Q R 50th E 40th E 30th E 20th E 10th E 10th W 20th W Data Sources: Imagery, Recharge Areas, PWRP - City of Palmdale; Waterways - ESRI; Users, Pipelines: RMC Figure 3-2 Potential Municipal and Industrial Recycled Water Customers Plan ID Name PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant GC1 Antelope Valley Country Club GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course O1 American Indian Little League O2 Ponciltan Square P1 Dr. Robert C. St. Clair Parkway P2 McAdam Park P3 Courson Park P4 Desert Sands Park S1 Manzanita Elementary S2 Mesquite Elementary S3 Palmtree Elementary S4 Phoenix High School S5 Tamarisk Elementary S6 Wildflower Elementary S7 Palmdale Learning Plaza S8 Palmdale High School S9 Desert Rose Elementary S10 Tumbleweed Elementary S11 Yucca Elementary S12 Cactus K-8 S13 Mesa Intermediate Plan ID Name BP1 Industrial / Business Park BP2 Palmdale Business Park P5 Desert Sands Expansion Existing Customers Future Customers Municipal & Industrial Customers Existing (as of 2011) Future (as of 2015) Demand Other Features PWRP Waterway Highway ≥ 100 AFY ≥ 1000 AFY ≥ 1 AFY ≥ 10 AFY ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-7 Table 3-4 provides a summary of annual average water demand, peak June day demand and maximum hourly flow rate during the irrigation period for existing Palmdale customers. Unless specified, it is assumed that these customers would not have on-site operational storage; therefore, recycled water demand is distributed evenly over an 8-hour irrigation period (from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am). Table 3-4: Existing (as of 2011) Palmdale Municipal Customers # Customer Name AV RW ID1 Location Acres Avg Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Golf Courses GC1 Antelope Valley Country Club2 5100 7th St W & Ave O-4 125 479 0.94 653 GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course2 5102 40th St E & Ave P 40 248 0.37 256 Schools S1 Manzanita Elementary 5020 33rd St E & Ave Q 7 24 0.05 98 S2 Mesquite Elementary 5021 42nd St & Bellshire Ave 7 28 0.06 117 S3 Palmtree Elementary 5022 20th St E & Ave Q-13 Unknown 42 0.08 171 S4 Phoenix High School 5024 25th St E & Ave Q Unknown 6 0.01 23 S5 Tamarisk Elementary 5026 18th St E & Ave Q Unknown 22 0.04 88 S6 Wildflower Elementary 5027 35th St E & Ave Q Unknown 30 0.06 125 S7 Palmdale Learning Plaza3 5030 Division St & Ave R Unknown 37 0.07 151 S8 Palmdale High School 5101 20th St E. & Ave Q-9 37 138 0.27 565 S9 Desert Rose Elementary 5118 28th St E & Ave R-7 7 30 0.06 121 S10 Tumbleweed Elementary 5120 40th St E & Ave P 7 37 0.07 151 S11 Yucca Elementary 5121 2nd St E & Ave Q-3 6 25 0.05 102 S12 Cactus K-8 5122 20th St E & Ave Q-13 10 31 0.06 129 S13 Mesa Intermediate 5124 33rd St E & Ave R-4 14 55 0.11 224 Parks P1 Dr. Robert C. St Clair Pkwy 5036 6th St E & Ave Q-10 4 21 0.04 84 P2 McAdam Park 5104 30th St E & Ave Q-10 20 89 0.17 362 P3 Courson Park 5105 10th St E & Ave Q-9 8 28 0.06 115 P4 Desert Sands Park 5107 Division St & Ave P-8 20 85 0.17 347 Other O1 American Indian Little League 5049 Division St & Ave P-8 5 21 0.04 86 O2 Ponciltan Square 5051 5th St E & Ave Q-7 2 8 0.02 34 Total 319 1,484 2.80 4,002 Notes: 1. This column references the customer identification number from the AV RW Report (KJ, 2006). 2. Customers will use existing onsite ponds for storage, therefore recycled water would be distributed over a 24-hour period. 3. Identified as a future school site (Ana Verde) in the AV RW Report (KJ, 2006). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-8 Future recycled water customers are listed in Table 3-5 and are also included in Figure 3-1. Table 3-5: Future (as of 2015) Palmdale Municipal Customers # Customer Name AV RW ID1 Location Acres Avg Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Business Parks BP1 Industrial / Business Park 2 5065 Division St & Ave M 236 350 2.10 1,458 BP2 Palmdale Business Park 2 10th St East & Ave M 255 350 2.10 1,458 Parks P5 Desert Sands Expansion 5043 Division St & Ave P-8 20 29 0.06 120 Total 511 729 4.26 3,036 Notes: 1. This column references the customer identification number from the AV RW Report (KJ, 2006). 2. Due to limited information at this time, Palmdale Business Park is assumed to have the same demand characteristics as the Industrial / Business Park, which is adjacent to the PHPP. 3.2.2 Long-Term Demands Long-term demands consist of customers or projects that may be served recycled water after 2015 but will not be reviewed in depth in this Plan. These projects are being discussed in this plan to identify potential opportunities for maximization of the benefits of recycled water. Multiple potential projects have been identified for potential future recycled water use. These projects are not included in the demand evaluation, market assessment and costs because they are either: 1. Within the study area but in preliminary stages of development or have complex challenges that must be evaluated prior to implementation; or 2. Outside the study area but could be served once anchor customers materialize as well as the smaller customers along the anchor alignment. A summary of potential future projects are as listed below. Regional Municipal & Industrial The AV RW Report (KJ, 2006) identified 17,491 afy of annual M&I demand at buildout for the City of Palmdale, Palmdale Water District, and the City of Lancaster. As discussed in the previous section, approximately 4,532 afy of this amount includes existing M&I demands within the City and PWD and approximately 2,147 afy of this amount is within this Plan’s study area. Therefore, significant opportunities for recycled water deliveries to M&I customers in the Antelope Valley exist beyond the scope of this Plan and determining how to serve these customers in a cost effective manner will likely be the subject of future studies. In particular, economic service to these customers probably requires the establishment of anchor demands so that small customers can receive recycled water from laterals off of the pipeline to the anchor customer. Groundwater Recharge Recharge of the Antelope Valley Groundwater Basin using blends of non-potable sources, including recycled water would offer another potential use for recycled water. Use of recycled water for GWR would help alleviate overdraft and offers an opportunity for indirect potable reuse. The technical, regulatory, institutional, and financial challenges surrounding GWR-RW in the Antelope Valley were examined in the Lancaster GWR Feasibility Study (RMC, 2007). The report concluded that GWR-RW with a blend of raw (untreated) imported water and/or stormwater was feasible with respect to these challenges. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-9 The Recycled Water GWR Feasibility Study (for the Palmdale Area) (Wildermuth, 2007) was recently prepared for PWD and identified three locations in the vicinity of the City that are conducive to GWR- RW: 1. Upper Littlerock Creek 2. Lower Littlerock Creek 3. Lower Amargosa Creek Separately, the Upper Amargosa Creek Preliminary Design (SAIC, 2007) evaluated the groundwater recharge potential of Upper Amargosa Creek. All of these locations are located within 5 miles of the PRWP and are shown in Figure 3-3. Table 3-6 summarizes the estimated recycled water demands for the recharge areas. Table 3-6: Potential GWR with Recycled Water Demands in Palmdale Area Recharge Area Low Recharge Scenario High Recharge Scenario 1 Total Annual Recharge Recycled Water Recharge 2 Total Annual Recharge Recycled Water Recharge 2 Lower Amargosa Creek 15,000 afy 3,000 afy 50,000 afy 10,000 afy Upper Littlerock Creek 10,000 afy 2,000 afy 15,000 afy 3,000 afy Lower Littlerock Creek 15,000 afy 3,000 afy 50,000 afy 10,000 afy Upper Amargosa Creek 5,000 afy 1,000 afy 20,000 afy 4,000 afy Source: Wildermuth, 2007 and SAIC, 2007 Notes: 1. Assumes equal amount of extraction occurring within 8 months. 2. Assumes a 4:1 required blend ratio for diluent water to recycled water. Agriculture In many settings in California agriculture users have elected to convert to recycled water use, thereby reducing their pumping needs and making groundwater available for other uses and reducing overdraft. Financial arrangements usually provide the users incentive to join such a program. For example, AVEK has an “indirect recharge” via in-lieu use of raw (untreated) imported water instead of groundwater and charges a rate for this water that is competitive with the cost of groundwater pumping. Agricultural water demand in the Los Angeles County portion of the Antelope Valley was estimated to be 127,000 afy based on approximately 25,000 acres of crop irrigation in 2005 (KJ, 2007). Actual agricultural water usage in the vicinity of this study area could not be determined within the scope of this study because most agricultural users receive their supply from private groundwater wells. PWD and WWD40 do not serve agricultural customers. An estimate of potential study area demand can be made from information provided about agricultural land currently in production. The total agricultural acreage owned or leased by potential private agricultural users in the vicinity of the Palmdale Airport was estimated to be 1,640 acres (Nebeker, 2007). This would translate to a potential demand of 8,450 afy based on average crop water use requirements in the Antelope Valley of 5.1 af per acre in normal years (estimated from an weighted average of crops from KJ, 2007). This estimate would vary depending on the specific mix of actual crop types and associated water requirements as shown in Table 3-7. ---PAGE BREAK--- Private Agriculture PWRP Lower Littlerock Creek Groundwater Recharge Area Lower Amargosa Creek Groundwater Recharge Area Upper Littlerock Creek Groundwater Recharge Area Upper Amargosa Creek Groundwater Recharge Area 138 14 Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Potential Private Agriculture & Groundwater Recharge Sites Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\Ag-RW-Customers_Palmdale_DNH_2008.mxd Other Features PWRP Recharge Areas Waterway Highway 0 1 2 0.5 Miles Division St. L M N O P K R 50th E 40th E 30th E 20th E 10th E 10th W 20th W Data Sources: Imagery, Recharge Areas, PWRP - City of Palmdale; Waterways - ESRI 60th E 70th E 80th E 90th E 100th E 110th E 120th E Q 30th W S Figure 3-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-11 Table 3-7: Average Annual Water Use Requirements by Crop Type Unit Field Crops Vegetable Crops Fruits/ Nuts/ Grapes Root Crops Miscel- laneous Nursery (Sod) Alfalfa Hay Grain, Sudan Hay Irrigated Pasture Onions Melons/ Pumpkins (afy / acre) 7.76 3.63 7.12 4.89 2.78 5.03 3.77 7.12 Source: KJ, 2007 Further investigation is required to identify potential willing agricultural customers in the study area; however, the likelihood of interest probably depends upon the outcome of the adjudication process since groundwater currently is the most inexpensive and reliable (short-term) water supply. 3.2.3 Recycled Water Market Summary This preliminary market assessment has identified potential demands for recycled water from the Palmdale WRP and is summarized in Table 3-8. The demand numbers are estimates and will be updated and refined within the Facilities Plan. The relationship of demands to potential routes from the Palmdale WRP to the PHPP guide the definition of the alternatives considered in Section 4.2.3. Table 3-8: Recycled Water Market Summary Average Annual Demand (afy) Existing Future PHPP 2,600 2,600 Palmdale Municipal 1,484 2,213 Total M&I 4,084 4,813 Low Estimate High Estimate Private Agriculture 2,000 8,500 GWR @ Lower Amargosa Creek 3,000 10,000 GWR @ Upper Amargosa Creek 2,000 3,000 GWR @ Lower Littlerock Creek 2,000 3,000 GWR @ Upper Littlerock Creek 3,000 10,000 Total Ag & GWR 12,000 34,500 1 Note: 1. Value exceeds available recycled water supply from both Palmdale WRP and Lancaster WRP. 3.3 Recycled Water Supply The Palmdale WRP will provide recycled water to customers described in the previous section. This Plan did not evaluate the use of recycled water from Lancaster WRP for study area demands but does consider it a feasible backup supply. An evaluation of Lancaster WRP as a primary recycled water supply to study area customers is beyond the scope of this Plan. The Palmdale WRP will provide up to 12.0 mgd of recycled water upon completion in 2011. Expansion of capacity in the future is planned but dates have not yet been determined. Table 3-9 compares the amount of available supply with customer demands on a yearly, daily, and hourly basis. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-12 Table 3-9: Recycled Water Supply Availability from Palmdale WRP Existing (as of 2011) Future (as of 2015) Average Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Average Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) PWRP Supply 13,440 12.0 8,330 13,440 12.0 8,330 Demands PHPP 2,600 5.12 3,560 2,600 5.12 3,560 Palmdale M&I 1,484 2.80 4,002 2,213 7.06 7,038 Surplus PWRP Supply (Deficit) 8,693 4.08 768 8,693 (0.18) (2,268) Results from the analysis above indicate there is sufficient daily supply to meet customer needs for existing customers; however future demands are projected to create supply deficits under peak day and peak hour conditions. To address the slight peak day deficit, either tertiary treatment capacity would need to be expanded at Palmdale WRP or certain landscape irrigation customers would need to resort to backup potable supplies. To address the peak hour deficit with future demand projections, storage would be required to supply demands during the peak demand (irrigation) period. A storage analysis can be found in Section 4.2.4. 3.4 Recycled Water Quality The potential customers described above have different water quality needs according to the intended use. PHPP, in particular, has unique water quality requirements. This section examines water quality issues associated with using recycled water for irrigation of urban areas and identifies water quality concerns for the end users identified in this study. 3.4.1 Power Plant Water Quality Needs The PHPP is the largest potential customer and also has the most stringent water quality requirements across an array of compounds. The most significant concerns are scaling, biofouling and corrosion. Another complicating factor is the fact that the constituents are concentrated by the cycle of concentration (COC), which is a relationship between the amount of water being used for evaporation versus the amount being removed intentionally (blowdown) and incidentally (drift). The COC proposed for the PHPP is four. Table 3-10 shows a comparison between PHPP cooling tower water quality requirements for a variety of constituents and current and anticipated concentrations of these constituents in Palmdale WRP effluent. There is a lack of data available for a number of constituents in the Palmdale WRP effluent. Based on effluent quality projections for Palmdale WRP tertiary treated water, chlorides and manganese may be a concern. M-alkalinity would be a potential concern based on available information on PWRP secondary effluent and the assumed cycle of concentration; however, no tertiary treatment projections were available. Although no recent data was provided, previous secondary effluent monitoring has revealed the presence of some organic solvents (LACSD, 2005), which may be of concern if these constituents are not removed through tertiary treatment. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-13 Table 3-10: PHPP Cooling Tower Water Quality Needs Assessment Constituent Units Water Quality Requirements Palmdale WRP Projected Tertiary Effluent 1 Palmdale WRP Projected Tertiary Effluent @ 4 COC2 pH 6.5 – 9.0 * * Temperature oC Max: 51.7 * * Langelier Saturation Index 0.0 to 0.1 * * M-Alkalinity as (CaCO3) mg/L 100 - 500 * * Silica (as SiO2) mg/L 150 * * Iron mg/L 3 0.3 - Manganese mg/L 0.1 39 156 Sulfides mg/L Max: 1 3 * * Ammonia mg/L Max: 50 3 < 6 < 24 Chlorine/bromine mg/L 1 shock; 0.4 continuous * * Organic Solvents mg/L Trace amounts ok * * TDS mg/L 5,000 550 2,200 Calcium mg/L 800 as CaCO3 108.6 434.5 Magnesium mg/L Depends on silica & pH 14.9 59.6 Chlorides (as Cl-) mg/L 450 176 704 Sulfates mg/L 800 as CaCO3 64.6 258.4 Nitrates mg/L 300 < 0.5 < 2.0 Carbonates / Bicarbonates mg/L 300 desired * * Aerobic Bacteria CFU/mL Max: 1,000,000 3 * * Total Suspended Solids mg/L Max: 250 3 < 5 < 20 Oil and Grease mg/L Max: 10 3 < 5 < 20 Source: SPX Cooling Technologies, 2007 * No data available Bold indicates effluent quality exceeds requirement Notes: 1. Estimated water quality projections for Palmdale WRP tertiary treated effluent (LACSD, 2007). 2. Where applicable, concentrations were multiplied by four to account for assumed COCs. 3. Actual limits may be lower based on fill type. Boiler feed water has even stricter water quality requirements that usually require membrane filtration such as reverse osmosis. A preliminary recycled water treatment process schematic for the PHPP is shown in Appendix A. 3.4.2 Landscape and Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Water quality guidelines for landscape use are available. Table 3-11 characterizes three degrees of restriction for use of reclaimed water based on various water quality constituents (although specific requirements vary depending on the type of plant) and provides a comparison to actual secondary and expected tertiary Palmdale WRP effluent water quality. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-14 Table 3-11: Landscape Irrigation Water Quality Comparison Degree of Restriction on Use 1 Constituent Units None Slight to Moderate Severe PWRP Tertiary Effluent 3 Salinity Elect. Conductivity dS/m < 0.7 0.7 - 3.0 > 3.0 * TDS mg/L < 450 450 - 2,000 > 2,000 550 Specific Ion Toxicity Sodium (Na) 4,5 Surface Irrigation SAR < 3 3 - 9 > 9 * Sprinkler Irrigation mg/L < 70 > 70 132 Chloride (Cl) 4,5 Surface Irrigation SAR < 140 140 - 350 > 350 * Sprinkler Irrigation mg/L < 100 > 100 176 Boron mg/L < 0.7 0.7 - 3.0 > 3.0 0.4 Miscellaneous Effects pH - 6.5 - 8.4 7.5 - 9.0 Total Nitrogen 6 mg/L < 5 5 - 30 > 30 < 10 Bicarbonate 7 mg/L < 90 90 - 500 > 500 * Residual Chlorine 7 mg/L < 1.0 1.0 - 5.0 > 5.0 < 5.0 *No data available Bold indicates effluent quality exceeds “moderate” value Notes: 1. Adapted from Metcalf and Eddy, 2007. 2. From 2006-07 monitoring results of secondary effluent (LACSD, 2007). 3. Expected tertiary effluent levels for Palmdale WRP (LACSD, 2007). 4. Values apply to most tree crops and woody ornamentals which are sensitive to sodium and chloride. 5. With overhead sprinkler irrigation and low humidity 30%), sodium or chloride levels greater than 70 or 100 mg/L, respectively, have resulted in excessive leaf adsorption and crop damage to sensitive crops. 6. Total nitrogen should include nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, and organic-nitrogen. Although forms of nitrogen in wastewater vary, the irrigated plants responds to the total nitrogen. 7. Overhead sprinkling only. Based on the comparison of landscape irrigation water quality requirements to Palmdale WRP tertiary effluent, there would be slight to moderate restrictions for sprinkler irrigation on recycled water from Palmdale WRP based on TDS, sodium and chloride levels (surface irrigation restrictions could not be determined because of a lack of SAR data). If the plant health becomes an issue for landscape irrigation, multiple mitigations measures are available to reduce salt buildup. Granulated gypsum can be added to turf grasses to keep salinity levels soils at acceptable levels. Recycled water could also be blended with potable or raw water to reduce salt buildup. Salt buildup can be a problem for many kinds of foliage. The types of crops typically grown in the Palmdale area (KJ, 2007) include: ƒ Field crops (alfalfa hay, grain hay, sudan hay, irrigated pasture); ƒ Vegetable crops (onions, melons, pumpkins); ƒ Fruits / nuts / grapes; ƒ Root crops; and ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 3 Market Assessment FINAL March 2009 3-15 ƒ Miscellaneous nursery (mostly sod) Of these, crops that are sensitive to salt (or TDS) include onions, fruit crops, alfalfa and grapes. Also, onions and fruit crops can be sensitive to boron. Thus, some crops may be sensitive to recycled water from the Palmdale WRP. One way this can be managed is by blending with groundwater to reduce the TDS concentration. 3.5 Market Assessment Summary The following bullets summarize key findings from the recycled water market assessment: ƒ Demand for recycled water associated with potential existing (as of 2011) customers within the study area is estimated to be 1,484 afy plus the PHPP as an anchor demand of 2,600 afy. ƒ In addition to PHPP, landscape irrigation would likely be primary use of recycled water. ƒ Potential demand for recycled water associated with potential future customers within the study area primarily consists of 700 afy for two business parks near the PHPP. ƒ Potential long-term customers were identified for future phases, including agriculture and groundwater recharge; however, recycled water demands were not fully analyzed for these uses due to lack of information and a need for further evaluation of groundwater recharge opportunities. ƒ Water quality is not expected to be a significant concern for the users identified; however, it is recommended to implement a water quality monitoring plan for key constituents and a basin-wide salt and nutrient management plan. ƒ All recycled water that is not used to meet the identified demands will be used for agricultural at LACSD’s agriculture reuse sites. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-1 Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis The AV RW Report (KJ, 2006) proposed an alignment through the Downtown Palmdale area that would serve 1,547 afy of non-potable demand and eventually connects with the regional backbone pipeline in Lancaster. As previously noted, planning for this route did not take into account PHPP demand. The opportunity for serving PHPP created the opportunity to consider alternative alignments to serve the PHPP while accessing identified demands along the alignment. The City seeks a pipeline alignment that will bring the greatest water supply benefits to the local community while effectively connecting to the regional system. This chapter presents the development and analysis of three alternatives for recycled water facilities to meet the City’s objectives plus a no project alternative. 4.1 Project Alternative Definition Each alternative is defined as the combination of the treatment, storage, pumping, and distribution options necessary to serve targeted users located in the defined service area. Alternatives for delivering recycled water were hydraulically evaluated using H2OMap hydraulic modeling software. 4.1.1 Objectives The development of alternatives involved defining the following components for each alternative: ƒ Service Area: Where would recycled water be used? Recycled water would be used within the City of Palmdale and unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County. The Plan includes a portion of the regional backbone pipeline within the City of Lancaster but does not evaluate recycled water use within Lancaster. ƒ Treatment: Where would recycled water be produced? Recycled water would be produced at the Palmdale WRP. Recycled water from the Lancaster WRP was considered a backup supply. ƒ Storage: How much recycled water would need to be stored and where? The PHPP plans to have 0.5 million gallons (MG) of on-site storage for its operations. Palmdale WRP currently does not have storage facilities. The need for operational storage will be evaluated. ƒ Pumping: Where would pump stations be required to deliver recycled water to customers at minimum pressure? Hydraulic analysis will determine optimal locations for transmission and booster pump stations under each alternative. ƒ Distribution: How would recycled water be distributed to the users? In general, pipelines will be installed in major corridors (roadways or along property boundaries) in public right-of-way (ROW), when available. Alignments will be developed based on location of users, cost and impact to the public during construction. 4.1.2 Approach The following approach was adopted to meet the objectives described above: 1. Develop conceptual alternatives (including preliminary pipeline sizing, pipeline alignment, pumping requirements and storage requirements). 2. Obtain input from City staff and project partners to refine alternatives. 3. Develop conceptual level cost estimates for each alternative. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-2 4. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each conceptual alternative. 5. Recommend an alternative based on evaluation criteria (such as cost effectiveness, capital requirements, recycled water use, user assurances and implementation flexibility). 4.2 Alternatives Development This section will examine pipeline distribution system alternatives. For all alternatives the primary recycled water supply would be from Palmdale WRP and the backup recycled water supply would be from Lancaster WRP. 4.2.1 Hydraulic Analysis and Design Criteria A hydraulic analysis using H2OMap modeling software was performed to determine the pipelines, pump stations and storage facilities needed to serve the identified customers. The hydraulic criteria shown in Table 4-1 were used as a basis for the model. Table 4-1: Hydraulic Design Criteria for Model Development System Component Criteria Average Day of Peak Month Demand 2.2 x Average Annual Demand Peak Hour Demand 3.0 x Peak Day 1 Minimum Design Pressure 60 psi - without on-site storage 20 psi - with on-site storage Maximum System Design Pressure 120 psi for PVC pipe, 185 psi for DI pipe Pipe Material Up to 12” diameter: PVC pipe, C900 Class 150 16” to 36” diameter: Steel pipe cement mortar lined and coated, Class 250 Available Pipe Sizes 12”, 16”, 24”, 30”, and 36” diameter (18” and 20” diameter steel pipe sizes are available but are not commonly used) Maximum Head Loss 7 feet per 1000 feet of pipe Allowable Velocity Range 2 – 8 feet per second Hazen-Williams Coefficient for Head Loss Calculation 135 for PVC 130 for cement lined steel Notes: 1. Assuming 8 hour irrigation period (10:00 pm to 6:00 am) and no on-site storage. 2. Required pressure for typical irrigation systems without on-site storage or pumping facilities. 4.2.2 Lancaster Backbone Pipeline All alternatives in this section will connect to the regional recycled water backbone pipeline (proposed in the AV RW Report), which would link the Palmdale WRP and Lancaster WRP. A portion of the backbone was constructed by the City of Lancaster along Division St This existing backbone originates at LACSD’s effluent management pipeline, which runs along Ave E between the Lancaster WRP and the LACSD LWRP Eastern Agricultural Site. The Division St backbone pipeline proceeds south along Division St from Ave E and ends at Lancaster Boulevard (see Figure 1-1). The portion of the regional backbone included in all alternatives in this Plan is referred to as the Lancaster Backbone pipeline and is assumed to extend from Lancaster Boulevard south until Ave K where it would cross the railroad and Sierra Highway and then proceed south along Sierra Highway to Ave M. The backbone alignment will require two trenchless street crossings: 1) along Division St at Ave J and 2) along Ave K at Sierra Highway. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-3 Note that the alignment is subject to change based on input from project partners and ROW research that will occur during the pre-design (30% design) phase of implementation. Determination of the facilities and costs to construct the Lancaster Backbone pipeline are included in the alternatives assessment below. 4.2.3 Distribution System Alternatives The study area encompasses portions of the regional pipeline alignment identified in the AV RW Report. As shown on Figure 3-1, these segments include: Phase 2 and Phase 4 pipeline segments in Palmdale; and Phase 1-B and Phase 4 pipeline segments in Lancaster. These alignments served as a starting point in the development of distribution system alternatives and Alternative C (described further in this section) represents the Palmdale alignment presented in the AV GWR Report. Alternatives A, B, and C represent options for delivering recycled water from Palmdale WRP to potential Palmdale M&I recycled water customers identified in Section 3.2.1. Each option includes the Lancaster Backbone pipeline and phases to eventually serve all Palmdale M&I customers in the study area. The phases assessed in this Plan are: ƒ Phase 1: The PHPP and any existing M&I demands along the alignment would be served by Phase 1. Also, the pipeline will include the capacity to serve the two future business parks in the vicinity of the PHPP. ƒ Phase 2: Remaining existing and future Palmdale M&I customers would be served in Phase 2, which would primarily consist of service to Downtown Palmdale customers. The Phase 2 alignment would connect to the Phase 1 alignment. Based on the location and magnitude of the recycled water demands identified in Section 3.2.1, three alternative pipeline alignments were defined originating at the Palmdale WRP and ending at the PHPP. The Palmdale Airport is a prominent feature that is interposed between the Palmdale WRP and the PHPP site. The presence of the Palmdale Airport provides two distinct alignment possibilities which either run along the eastern or western edge of the Airport. Alternatives A and C run along the west side of the airport while Phase 1 of Alternative B runs along the east side of the airport. The three alternatives are described in the following sections. Alternative A Alignment & Customers Alternative A (Alt Phase 1 represents the shortest route between the Palmdale WRP and the PHPP. The major corridors of this alignment are Ave P, Lockheed Way and Sierra Bikeway Trail parallel to Sierra Highway. This alignment would require two trenchless crossings of the railroad and Sierra Highway at: 1) Blackbird Dr. (Ave O-8); and 2) Columbia Way (Ave Alt A, Phase 1 would supply recycled water to the PHPP and two golf courses and include sufficient capacity to serve two future business parks. Service to the business parks would require the addition of laterals to each site. Service to Downtown Palmdale customers would require the construction of a downtown loop for Phase 2 that connects with the Phase 1 alignment near Antelope Valley Country Club and laterals to each customer. Recycled water demands for Alt A, Phase 1 area presented in Table 4-2 and facilities for both phases are shown in Figure 4-1. In addition, the Phase 1 alignment provides an opportunity for groundwater recharge with recycled water (GWR-RW) at Lower Amargosa Creek. ---PAGE BREAK--- Sierra Highway PWRP 14 138 BP1 GC2 GC1 BP2 PHPP 0 0.5 1 0.25 Miles Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\RW-Customers-AltA_Palmdale_DNH_Feb2008.mxd Data Sources: Imagery, Recharge Areas, PWRP - City of Palmdale; Waterways - ESRI; Users, Pipelines: RMC 40th E 30th E 20th E 10th E 10th W 20th W Division St. Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Alternative A Figure 4-1 50th E 60th E K L M N O P Q R J Plan ID Name PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant GC1 Antelope Valley Country Club GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course Plan ID Name BP1 Industrial / Business Park BP2 Palmdale Business Park Existing Customers Future Customers I Note: <12 in. laterals are not shown. Phase 1 Customers Existing (as of 2011) Phase 1 Facilities 24 in. pipe 16 in. pipe 12 in. pipe Demand Phase 2 Facilities 24 in. pipe 16 in. pipe 12 in. pipe Other Features PWRP Waterway Highway Division St. Backbone ≥ 1 AFY ≥ 10 AFY ≥ 100 AFY ≥ 1000 AFY Pump Station Future ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-5 Table 4-2: Alternative A Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 Plan ID Customer Name AV RW ID Avg Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Existing (as of 2011) PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant 1000 2,600 5.1 3,565 GC1 Antelope Valley Country Club 5100 479 0.94 653 GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course 5102 248 0.37 256 Existing Demand Subtotal 3,327 6.41 4,474 Future (as of 2015) BP1 Industrial / Business Park 5065 350 0.70 1,458 BP2 Palmdale Business Park 5200 350 0.70 1,458 Future Demand Subtotal 700 1.40 2,916 Total Demand 4,027 7.81 7,390 Alternative B Alignment & Customers Alternative B (Alt Phase 1 was selected to capture an entirely unique set of demand possibilities to the north and east of the Palmdale Airport. The major corridors of this alignment are Ave P, 30th St East and Ave M. This alignment avoids crossing the railroad and Sierra Highway. Alt B, Phase 1 would supply recycled water to the PHPP and the Desert Aire Golf Course and include sufficient capacity to serve the two future business parks. Service to the business parks would require the addition of laterals to each site. Service to Downtown Palmdale customers would require the construction of a downtown loop for Phase 2 that connects with the Phase 1 alignment near the PHPP and laterals to each customer. Recycled water demands for Alt B, Phase 1 area presented in Table 4-3 and facilities for all phases are shown in Figure 4-2. In addition, the Phase 1 alignment provides an opportunity to serve recycled water for M&I demands in eastern Lancaster, private agricultural north of Palmdale Airport and GWR-RW at Lower Littlerock Creek. Table 4-3: Alternative B Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 Plan ID Customer Name AV RW ID Avg Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Existing (as of 2011) PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant 1000 2,600 5.1 3,565 GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course 5102 248 0.37 256 Existing Demand Subtotal 2,848 5.47 3,821 Future (as of 2015) BP1 Industrial / Business Park 5065 350 0.70 1,458 BP2 Palmdale Business Park 5200 350 0.70 1,458 Future Demand Subtotal 700 1.40 2,916 Total Demand 3,548 6.87 6,737 ---PAGE BREAK--- Data Sources: Imagery, Recharge Areas, PWRP - City of Palmdale; Waterways - ESRI; Users, Pipelines: RMC Sierra Highway PWRP 14 138 BP1 GC2 BP2 PHPP Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\RW-Customers-AltB_Palmdale_DNH_Feb2008.mxd 0 0.5 1 0.25 Miles K L M N O P Q R J Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Alternative B Figure 4-2 I 40th E 30th E 20th E 10th E 10th W 20th W Division St. 50th E 60th E Plan ID Name PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course Plan ID Name BP1 Industrial / Business Park BP2 Palmdale Business Park Existing Customers Future Customers Note: <12 in. laterals are not shown. Phase 1 Customers Existing (as of 2011) Phase 1 Facilities 24 in. pipe 16 in. pipe 12 in. pipe Demand Phase 2 Facilities 24 in. pipe 16 in. pipe 12 in. pipe Other Features PWRP Waterway Highway Division St. Backbone ≥ 1 AFY ≥ 10 AFY ≥ 100 AFY ≥ 1000 AFY Pump Station Future ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-7 Alternative C Alignment & Customers Alternative C (Alt Phase 1 is the longest route but can supply the most recycled water by including the Downtown Palmdale customers. The major corridors of this alignment are 35th St E, Ave R, Division St, and Sierra Bikeway Trail parallel to Sierra Highway. This alignment would require two trenchless crossings of the railroad and Sierra Highway at: 1) Ave R; and 2) Ave M. Alt C, Phase 1 would supply recycled water to the PHPP and all existing M&I customers identified in Section 3.2.1. Phase 1 includes sufficient capacity to serve the two future business parks but service to the business parks would require the addition of laterals to each site. Recycled water demands for Alt C, Phase 1 are presented in Table 4-4 and facilities for all phases are shown in Figure 4-3. In addition, the Phase 1 alignment provides an opportunity to serve recycled water for GWR-RW at Lower Amargosa Creek and is in the vicinity of Upper Amargosa Creek and Upper Littlerock Creek. Table 4-4: Alternative C Primary Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 Plan ID Customer Name AV RW ID Avg Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Existing (as of 2011) PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant 2,600 5.12 3,565 GC1 Antelope Valley Country Club 5100 479 0.94 653 GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course 5102 248 0.37 256 various Palmdale Area – Schools (13) various 505 0.99 2,065 various Palmdale Area – Parks various 223 0.44 908 various Palmdale Area – Other various 29 0.06 120 Existing Demand Subtotal 4,084 7.92 7,567 Future (as of 2015) BP1 Industrial / Business Park 5065 350 2.10 1,458 BP2 Palmdale Business Park 350 2.10 1,458 P5 Desert Sands Expansion 5043 29 0.06 120 Future Demand Subtotal 729 4.26 3,036 Total Demand 4,813 12.18 10,603 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sierra Highway Sierra Highway O1 PWRP 14 138 BP1 GC2 GC1 BP2 PHPP O2 S7 S8 S9 P3 P2 P1 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 P5 P4 S13 S12 S11 S10 Pathname: L:\Projects GIS\0200-001_Palmdale-Recycled-Water-Facilities-Planning-Study\RW-Customers-AltA_Palmdale_DNH_Feb2008.mxd Data Sources: Imagery, Recharge Areas, PWRP - City of Palmdale; Waterways - ESRI; Users, Pipelines: RMC 40th E 30th E 20th E 10th E 10th W 20th W Division St. Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Alternative C Figure 4-3 50th E 60th E K L M N O P Q R J I 0 0.5 1 0.25 Miles Note: <12 in. laterals are not shown. Phase 1 Customers Phase 1 Facilities 24 in. pipe 16 in. pipe 12 in. pipe Demand Phase 2 Facilities 24 in. pipe 16 in. pipe 12 in. pipe Other Features PWRP Waterway Highway Division St. Backbone ≥ 1 AFY ≥ 10 AFY ≥ 100 AFY ≥ 1000 AFY Pump Station Storage Plan ID Name PHPP Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant GC1 Antelope Valley Country Club GC2 Desert Aire Golf Course O1 American Indian Little League O2 Ponciltan Square P1 Dr. Robert C. St. Clair Parkway P2 McAdam Park P3 Courson Park P4 Desert Sands Park S1 Manzanita Elementary S2 Mesquite Elementary S3 Palmtree Elementary S4 Phoenix High School S5 Tamarisk Elementary S6 Wildflower Elementary S7 Palmdale Learning Plaza S8 Palmdale High School S9 Desert Rose Elementary S10 Tumbleweed Elementary S11 Yucca Elementary S12 Cactus K-8 S13 Mesa Intermediate Plan ID Name BP1 Industrial / Business Park BP2 Palmdale Business Park P5 Desert Sands Expansion Future Customers Existing Customers Future Existing (as of 2011) ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-9 Summary of Alternative Alignments & Customers Recycled water demands for Phase 1 of each alternative are summarized in Table 4-5. Alt C serves the largest amount of recycled water in Phase 1, approximately 4,813 afy, while Alt B serves the smallest amount of recycled water, approximately 3,548 afy. Table 4-5: Summary of Potential Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 Alternative Average Annual (afy) Peak Day (mgd) Peak Hour (gpm) Alternative A 4,027 7.81 7,390 Alternative B 3,548 6.87 6,737 Alternative C 4,813 12.18 10,603 Phase 1 of each alignment can serve a different combination of potential GWR-RW sites and agriculture locations. A summary of recycled water demands served by each alignment is provided in Table 4-6. Table 4-6: Potential Agriculture and GWR Recycled Water Demands – Phase 1 Potential Users Low Estimate High Estimate1 Alt A Alt B Alt C Alt A Alt B Alt C Agriculture 2,000 9 8,500 9 GWR-RW Lower Amargosa Creek 3,000 9 9 10,000 9 9 Upper Amargosa Creek 1,000 9 4,000 9 Upper Littlerock Creek 2,000 9 3,000 9 Lower Littlerock Creek2 3,000 9 2 10,000 9 2 Total 11,000 3,000 5,000 6,000 35,500 10,000 18,500 17,000 Notes: 1. Values likely exceed available recycled water supplies from Palmdale WRP. 2. GWR at Lower Littlerock Creek could be served by the planned LACSD effluent management pipeline so Alt B may not be necessary to convey recycled water to Lower Littlerock Creek. 4.2.4 Storage Analysis Due to hourly demand patterns, an hour-by-hour analysis was conducted to determine the storage requirements to optimize recycled water distribution. The Palmdale WRP will incorporate secondary effluent equalization so that tertiary effluent flow will be constant throughout the day and approximately equal the average daily wastewater influent flow. The average daily influent flow was therefore compared to recycled water demand during typical daily peak demand periods, which would be the irrigation period from 10:00 pm to 6:00 am for landscape irrigation sites without storage. The only customer with planned storage is the PHPP which will have a 0.5 MG storage tank on-site. The “Tri Stor Full” spreadsheet analysis, presented in Appendix B, demonstrated that a 1.0 MG storage tank is necessary for Phase 1 of Alt C but this storage is not necessary for Alt A and Alt B until Phase 2, when Downtown Palmdale is served. The storage would consist of an aboveground steel tank that is approximately 110 feet in diameter and 16 feet tall. The location of the storage facility is not determined at this time, but a logical location would be at the Palmdale WRP site. Also, WWD40 has an open pad adjacent to the PHPP. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-10 4.3 Alternatives Assessment This section presents the results of the assessment of each alternative identified for the Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan. 4.3.1 Alternative Facility Description This section summarizes the facility requirements based on the hydraulic study using the H2OMap Water model for each alternative for each of three demand scenarios: 1. Base Demand: Recycled water service to PHPP only. 2. Phase 1 Demand: Recycled water service to Phase 1 customers only, as defined by each alternative. Every alternative includes the PHPP, Desert Aire Golf Course (near Palmdale WRP), and the two future business parks (near the PHPP). This scenario will be assessed in more detail in Chapter 5 (Recommended Facilities Plan) for the recommended alternative. 3. Phase 2 Demand: Recycled water service to all Palmdale M&I customers in the study area (Section 3.2.1), which includes the PHPP, two golf courses, two future business parks, and numerous Downtown Palmdale customers; though the timing of implementation is dependent on the availability of capital funds from regional partners. All alternatives and scenarios include the Lancaster Backbone pipeline so those facilities are discussed first. Lancaster Backbone Facility Description The following facilities are required to connect the Lancaster Division St project to Ave M and Sierra Highway where the Palmdale alternatives (discussed in the next section) will terminate: ƒ Pipelines: The Lancaster Backbone requires approximately 18,880 linear feet (LF) of steel pipe. The PHPP would require a 16” pipe at a minimum to provide flows from Lancaster WRP in case the backup supply is needed; however, a 24” pipe was assumed to match regional backbone capacity needs. ƒ Storage: No recycled water storage is necessary in addition to the 0.5 MG at PHPP. ƒ Pump Stations: Two additional 200 horsepower (hp) booster pumps would be needed to be added to the existing Lancaster Division Street booster pump station (at Ave H) since the existing pumps are at capacity (RMC, 2006a). Base Demand Scenario Facilities Facilities necessary only to serve the PHPP from PWRP, which is the Base Scenario, are summarized in Table 4-7. Alt A requires the least pipe and Alt B requires the smallest sized pump stations while Alt C requires both the most pipe and largest pump station. Table 4-7: Facilities Summary for Base Scenario Facilities and Crossings Alternative A Alternative B Alternative C Recycled Water Pipeline (16”) 37,490 LF 54,380 LF 59,140 LF Pump Stations 125 hp @ PWRP 75 hp @ PWRP 275 hp @ PWRP Storage Planned on-site storage of 0.5 MG at PHPP is sufficient Trenchless Crossings 2 @ 200 LF 2 @ 200 LF Phase 1 & 2 Facilities - Alternative A The following facilities are required to meet Alt A, Phase 1 demands: ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-11 ƒ Pipelines: In Phase 1, this alternative requires approximately 37,490 LF of 24” steel pipe and laterals to the Antelope Valley Country Club and Palmdale Business Park of 11,980 LF of 12” PVC pipe. ƒ Storage: Recycled water storage is not necessary in Phase 1 because the peak hour demand is less than the average daily supply at the Palmdale WRP. ƒ Pump Stations: A 250-hp pump station would be required at the Palmdale WRP to supply Phase 1 recycled water customers. The Antelope Valley Country Club would receive supplies during peak demand periods at 20 psi (which is the minimum delivery pressure for customers with on- site storage) and drives the minimum Phase 1 system head requirements. In addition to Phase 1 facilities, the following Phase 2 facilities are required to meet Downtown Palmdale demands for Alt A: ƒ Pipelines: Phase 2 would require approximately 19,520 LF of 16” steel pipe and 24,010 LF of 12” PVC pipe. Laterals include 3,100 LF of 8” PVC pipe, 16,900 LF of 6” PVC pipe, and 8,000 LF of 4” PVC pipe. ƒ Storage: A 1.0 MG storage tank would be required for Phase 2. Centralized storage would be required because the majority of the recycled water customers connecting during this phase do not have storage on-site. The tank site has not been officially determined, but a likely site is the Palmdale WRP. ƒ Pump Stations: A 750-hp pump station would be needed in addition to the Phase 1 pump station to provide additional flow capacity and lift when Phase 2 is constructed. ƒ Booster Pumps: A 40-hp booster pump would be needed on Ave R near 30th Street East to provide a minimum delivery pressure of 60 psi to customers due to their location in the highest elevation of the distribution system (in the southwest corner near the intersection of Division St and Ave Recycled water facilities required for all phases of Alt A are summarized in Table 4-8. Table 4-8: Alternative A Recycled Water Facilities – by Phase Phases 24” Pipe 16” Pipe 12” Pipe Laterals: 8” / 6” / 4” Storage Pump Station Booster Pumps Phase 1 37,490 LF 11,980 LF 250 hp (4,500 gpm @ 154’) Phase 2 (Downtown Palmdale) 20,590 LF 24,820 LF 28,000 LF 1.0 MG 750 hp (6,100 gpm @ 260’) 40 hp (810 gpm @ 130’) Total 37,490 LF 20,590LF 36,800 LF 28,000 LF 1.0 MG 1,000 hp (10,600 gpm @ 260’) 40 hp (810 gpm @ 130’) Phase 1 & 2 Facilities - Alternative B The following facilities are required to meet Alt B, Phase 1 demands: ƒ Pipelines: In Phase 1, this alternative requires approximately 54,380 LF of 24” steel pipe and a lateral to the Palmdale Business Park of 5,840 LF of 12” PVC pipe. ƒ Storage: Recycled water storage is not necessary in Phase 1 because the peak hour demand is less than the average daily supply at the Palmdale WRP. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-12 ƒ Pump Stations: A 75-hp booster pump would be required at the Palmdale WRP to supply Phase 1 recycled water customers. In addition to Phase 1 facilities, the following Phase 2 facilities are required to meet Downtown Palmdale demands for Alt B: ƒ Pipelines: Phase 2 would require approximately 23,230 LF of 24” steel pipe, 35,900 LF of 16” steel pipe and 6,140 LF of 12” PVC pipe. Laterals include 3,100 LF of 8” PVC pipe, 16,900 LF of 6” PVC pipe, and 8,000 LF of 4” PVC pipe. ƒ Storage: A 1.0 MG storage tank would be required for Phase 2. Centralized storage would be required because the majority of the recycled water customers connecting during this phase do not have storage on-site. The tank site has not been officially determined, but a likely site is the Palmdale WRP. ƒ Pump Stations: A 1,000-hp pump station would be needed in place of the Phase 1 pump station to provide additional flow capacity and lift when Phase 2 is constructed. ƒ Booster Pumps: A 125-hp booster pump would be needed on Ave R near 30th Street East to provide a minimum delivery pressure of 60 psi to customers due to their location in the highest elevation of the distribution system (in the southwest corner near the intersection of Division St and Ave Recycled water facilities required for all phases of Alt B are summarized in Table 4-9. Table 4-9: Alternative B Recycled Water Facilities – by Phase Phases 24” Pipe 16” Pipe 12” Pipe Laterals: 8” / 6” / 4” Storage Pump Station Booster Pumps Phase 1 54,380 LF 5,840 LF 75 hp (3,800 gpm @ 50’) Phase 2 (Downtown Palmdale) 22,230 LF 35,900 LF 6,140 LF 28,000 LF 1.0 MG 1,000 hp (10,600 gpm @ 275’) 125 hp (2,430 gpm @ 135’) Total 76,610 LF 35,900 LF 11,980 LF 28,000 LF 1.0 MG 1,000 hp (10,700 gpm @ 300’) 125 hp (2,430 gpm @ 135’) Note: 1. Includes one standby pump. Phase 1 & 2 Facilities - Alternative C The following facilities are required to meet Alt C, Phase 1 demands: ƒ Pipelines: In Phase 1, this alternative requires approximately 59,140 LF of 24” steel pipe and laterals of 11,980 LF of 12” PVC pipe, 3,100 LF of 8” PVC pipe, 16,900 LF of 6” PVC pipe, and 8,000 LF of 4” PVC pipe. ƒ Storage: A 1.0 MG storage tank would be required for Phase 2. Centralized storage would be required because the majority of the recycled water customers connecting during this phase do not have storage on-site. The tank site has not been officially determined, but a likely site is the Palmdale WRP. ƒ Pump Stations: A 1,200-hp pump station would be required at the Palmdale WRP to supply Phase 1 recycled water customers. One 300-hp pump would be needed in addition to the Phase 1 pump station to provide additional flow capacity and lift when the Palmdale Business Park comes on-line. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-13 ƒ Booster Pumps: 500-hp booster pumps would be needed on Ave R near 30th Street East to provide a minimum delivery pressure of 60 psi due to their location in the in the southwest corner of the distribution system (near the intersection of Division St and Ave which is at the highest elevation. Recycled water facilities required for all phases of Alt C are summarized in Table 4-10. Table 4-10: Alternative C Recycled Water Facilities – by Phase Phases 24” Pipe 16” Pipe 12” Pipe Laterals: 8” / 6” / 4” Storage Pump Station Booster Pumps Phase 1 59,140 LF 11,980 LF 28,000 LF 1.0 MG 1,200 hp (10,600 gpm @ 300’) 500 hp (8,500 gpm @ 160’ Phase 2 (Downtown Palmdale) Included in Phase 1 Total 59,140 LF 11,980 LF 28,000 LF 1.0 MG 1,200 hp (10,600 gpm @ 300’) 500 hp (8,500 gpm @ 160’ Note: 1. Includes one standby pump. 4.3.2 Cost Estimates This section summarizes the major costs for each alternative for three demand scenarios, which were defined in the introduction of the previous section: 4. Base Demand: Recycled water service to PHPP only. 5. Phase 1 Demand: Recycled water service to Phase 1 customers only, as defined by each alternative. Every alternative includes the PHPP, Desert Aire Golf Course (near Palmdale WRP), and the two future business parks (near the PHPP). This scenario will be assessed in more detail in Chapter 5 (Recommended Facilities Plan) for the recommended alternative. 6. Phase 2 Demand: Recycled water service to all Palmdale M&I customers in the study area (Section 3.2.1), which includes the PHPP, two golf courses, two future business parks, and numerous Downtown Palmdale customers; though the timing of implementation is dependent on the availability of capital funds from regional partners. Of the three scenarios, only Phase 1 includes a different customer base between each alternative; however, each alternative has a different alignment with different facility needs so each alternative varies in cost within and among each scenario. Also, costs for the Lancaster Backbone are presented in this section. Detailed cost estimates for all aspects of the alternatives are presented in Appendix C. Key Cost Estimate Assumptions Cost estimates in Appendix C are based on the following key assumptions for raw construction costs: ƒ Proposed pipe is Class 150, AWWA C900 PVC pipe for pipes <14” in diameter and cement mortar lined and coated steel pipe for pipes >14” in diameter. ƒ Unit costs were developed for open trench construction of recycled water pipe. Costs developed from Lancaster Division Street Recycled Water Distribution System Bid Results for an unpaved roadway restoration. Additional pipeline installation costs were added to the Lancaster costs. The development of pipeline unit costs is detailed in Appendix D and summarized in Table 4-11. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-14 ƒ Costs include laterals to each individual user are included in the cost estimates. ƒ Costs include pipe appurtenances such as isolation and air release valves. ƒ Costs developed using the lower limit on the Pump Station Cost Graph from Sanks Figure 29-3 and updated to Los Angeles area December 2007 ENR CCI of 9,181. ƒ Costs do not include the cost to upgrade the Palmdale WRP to tertiary treatment since LACSD is implementing the project separate from this study and LACSD already has project funding mechanisms in place. ƒ Costs do not include provisions for on-site retrofits since these costs are not eligible for WRFP funding. Typical costs per site range from $500 to $5,000 and can be financed by the customer or the purveyor. Financing options are discussed further in Section 5.3.2. Table 4-11: Pipeline Installation Unit Cost Summary Restoration Small Pipe 14”) Large Pipe 14”) ($/in-dia/LF) ($/in-dia/LF) Unpaved $9.50 $7.00 Minimal Utilities $10.12 $7.62 Average Utilities $11.35 $8.87 Note: See Appendix D for further details. The following contingencies and allowances were added to the raw construction costs to determine the total project cost: ƒ Conceptual Design Level Contingency7 was estimated to be 20% of the sum of the raw construction cost and the General Overhead Contingency. ƒ A Change Order Allowance was estimated to be 5% of the sum of the raw construction cost and the General Overhead Contingency. ƒ Pre-construction tasks, such as engineering and environmental documentation, were estimated to be 15% of the sum of the raw construction cost and the planning contingency cost. ƒ Construction tasks, such as construction management, engineering services during construction, and legal, were estimated to be 15% of the sum of the raw construction cost and the planning contingency cost. Total capital costs were annualized assuming financing at 5% over 25 years and operation. Estimated operating and maintenance (O&M) costs were combined with the annualized costs and then divided by the annual recycled water demand to derive a unit cost. 7 The American Association of Cost Engineers defines this as a Class 3 or Budget level estimate, which is expected to be accurate within plus 30% or minus 15%. A 20% contingency of the construction cost total was included to account for unknown conditions that may arise during design and construction. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-15 Base Demand Scenario Cost Estimates Cost estimates for the Base Scenario (PHPP service only) are presented in Table 4-12. Table 4-12: Alternatives Cost Estimates – Base Demand Scenario Item Unit Alternative A Alternative B Alternative C PHPP Demand afy 2,600 Capital Cost $ Million $11.3 $15.1 $18.2 O&M Cost $ / yr $440,000 $510,000 $710,000 Annual Cost $ / yr $1,240,000 $1,58,000 $2,000,000 Unit Cost $ / af $480 $610 $770 The capital costs includes development and construction of the facilities outlined in Section 4.3.1 and, as expected, the shortest alignment (Alt A) had the lowest capital cost and unit cost while the longest alignment with the most pumping requirements (Alt C) had the highest costs. Alt B costs fall in between Alt A and Alt C pipeline even though the alternative requires the least pumping since Alt B pipeline length is midway between the length of Alt A and Alt C. Phase 1 Demand Scenario Cost Estimates Planning level cost estimates for Phase 1 of each alternative is summarized in Table 4-13. Detailed cost estimates for each alternative are presented in Appendix C. Table 4-13: Alternatives Cost Estimates – Phase 1 Demand Scenario Item Unit Alternative A Alternative B Alternative C Existing Demand afy 3,327 2,848 4,084 Capital Cost $ Million $18.3 $22.5 $37.5 O&M Cost $ / yr $710,000 $270,000 $1,860,000 Annual Cost $ / yr $2,000,000 $1,870,000 $4,520,000 Unit Cost $ / af $600 $660 $1,110 Similar to the Base Scenario, the shortest alignment (Alt A) had the lowest capital cost and unit cost while the longest alignment (Alt C) had the highest cost. Alt C utilizes the largest amount of recycled water; yet, the unit cost exceeds those for Alt A and Alt B due to more pipeline footage, storage and pumping requirements. Similar to the Base Scenario, Alt B had higher capital costs than Alt A due to longer pipe segment but lower O&M costs due to lower pumping requirements. Alt A and Alt B have similar annual costs but Alt A had a lower unit cost due to a higher recycled water demand. Phases 1 & 2 Demand Scenario Cost Estimates Planning level cost estimates for both phases (1 and 2) of each alternative are summarized in Table 4-14. Detailed cost estimates for each alternative are presented in Appendix C. Table 4-14: Alternatives Cost Estimates – Phases 1 & 2 Demand Scenario Item Unit Alternative A Alternative B Alternative C Existing Demand afy 4,084 Capital Cost $ Million $38.3 $51.9 $37.5 O&M Cost $ / yr $1,530,000 $1,61,000 $1,860,000 Annual Cost $ / yr $4,250,000 $5,290,000 $4,960,000 Unit Cost $ / af $1,040 $1,290 $1,110 ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-16 In this scenario, Alt A and Alt C had similar capital and unit costs; however, these values do not consider the timing of capital outlays (i.e. time value of money), which would favor Alt A since its Phase 1 capital and unit costs are notable lower. Also, Alt C had higher O&M costs due to larger pumping requirements. Finally, Alt B had the highest capital and unit costs in this scenario. Lancaster Backbone Cost Estimates Each alternative includes the Lancaster Backbone segment. Planning level cost estimates for this segment were developed for a 24” diameter pipeline, which is the recommended regional capacity sizing, and a 16” diameter pipeline, which is the minimum size pipeline necessary to provide backup supply capacity for the PHPP. A 24” pipeline is recommended and will be included with the recommended alternative but the 16” pipeline cost was uesed to determine potential costs for the PHPP. The cost estimates are summarized in Table 4-15. Detailed cost estimates for each alternative are presented in Appendix C. Table 4-15: Lancaster Backbone Cost Estimates – 24” & 16” Pipelines Item Unit 24” Pipe 16” Pipe Capital Cost $ Million $9.7 $7.4 O&M Cost $ / yr $490,000 $420,000 Annual Cost $ / yr $1,180,000 $950,000 4.4 Alternative Evaluation Based on input from project partners, evaluation criteria were developed to assess each recycled water alternative. Phase 1 was primarily considered for this evaluation since each alternative was similar for the majority of the criteria once all of the Palmdale M&I phases were implemented. The evaluation criteria are: ƒ Phase 1 Unit Cost: The unit cost per af is useful for rough comparisons between alternatives for cost effectiveness and for rough comparison with other water supplies. Note that the unit cost calculations were not based on a present value analysis so the time value of money was not considered. Also, when comparing with other water supplies, the unit cost does not account for all recycled water project benefits but rather just project cost and water supply. ƒ Phase 1 Capital Requirements: The project partners have some existing capital funds but the remainder of project funding would likely come from grants and loans (such as municipal or SRF). Smaller capital requests are preferred by project partners due to the array of capital needs for other projects within the purvey of project partners. ƒ Phase 1 & 2 Annual Cost: The cost for both phases 1 and 2 allows for a similar comparison between alternatives since each alternative includes the same customers - all the M&I customers considered in the market assessment. ƒ Phase 1 Recycled Water Use: The use of recycled water avoids the use of potable water (and is the primary benefit of implementing this project) so higher recycled water use is preferred. ƒ Phase 1 Existing Demand Served: An important subset of the previous category is how much existing potable water demand would be replaced by recycled water use. This is especially noteworthy due to the voluntary water use reductions requested in the study area in 2007. For this criterion, existing demand considered existing 2007 demand in comparison with the alternative development that considered existing demands as those that will exist by 2011. ƒ Phase 1 User Assurances: The previous two evaluation criteria include the assumption that all proposed users of recycled water will willingly use recycled water once it is available; however, some customers resist the conversion from potable to recycled water for a variety of reasons. The ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-17 reasons can range from perceived safety concerns to potential water quality impacts from the application of recycled water. ƒ Phase 1 Constructability: Completion of Phase 1 as scheduled is important so that the PHPP can operate as planned and on schedule. Therefore, constructability of each alternative was evaluated. Constructability issues include right-of-way acquisition, major crossings, and potential for utility conflicts. These issues can potentially delay and/or increase project costs beyond what was projected in this Plan. Note that this criterion is partially accounted for in the cost estimates (and, consequently, the first two evaluation criteria) because unit pipe costs were broken into three categories based on construction setting (see Table 4-11 and Appendix ƒ Implementation Flexibility: The ability to adapt decisions for the timing and scope of each Palmdale M&I segment construction allows project partners to respond to changing conditions in the region. More flexibility is beneficial so that project partners can apply limited funds to the greatest benefit and changing could alter priorities for recycled water use conditions (such as new development or conclusion of adjudication proceedings). In Table 4-16, each alternative was assigned a high (good), medium (average), and low (poor) rating for each evaluation criteria. Weighting of each criteria and assignment of numerical ratings were not conducted because this is a qualitative evaluation. Rather, the number of high, medium and low ratings was summed at the bottom of the table for discussion purposes. Table 4-16: Alternative Evaluation Criteria Alt A Alt B Alt C Phase 1 Unit Cost H M L Phase 1 Capital Requirements H H L Phase 1 & 2 Annual Cost H L H Phase 1 Recycled Water Use M L H Phase 1 Existing Demands Service M L H Phase 1 User Assurances H H M Phase 1 Constructability M H L Implementation (Phasing) Flexibility H M L Rating (Interpretation) Totals High (Good) 5 3 3 Medium (Average) 3 2 1 Low (Poor) 3 4 The rational for the ratings is summarized for each evaluation criteria: ƒ Phase 1 Unit Cost: Based on Table 4-13, Alt A had the lowest Phase 1 unit cost and Alt C had the highest unit cost while Alt B fell in between the other alternatives. ƒ Phase 1 Capital Requirements: Based on Table 4-13, both Alt A and B require approximately half of the capital funding for Phase 1 as Alt C. ƒ Phase 1 & 2 Annual Cost: Based on Table 4-14, Alt A and Alt C have similar annual costs while Alt C’s annual cost is 20 percent higher. ƒ Phase 1 Recycled Water Use: Based on Table 4-5, Alt C would serve approximately 20 to 30 percent more recycled water in Phase 1 than Alt A and B, respectively. ƒ Phase 1 Existing Demand Served: Every alternative proposes to deliver approximately 3,300 afy of recycled water to the PHPP and two business parks in the vicinity of the PHPP. This ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-18 volume consists of the majority of recycled water use for Alternatives A and B; however, Alt C would serve over 700 af of existing demand in Downtown Palmdale. ƒ Phase 1 User Assurances: The PHPP can only be implemented with recycled water as a primary supply and, based on preliminary correspondence, both business parks, Antelope Valley Country Club, and Desert Aire Golf Course would accept recycled water. However, additional outreach is required for the numerous and varied potential customers in the Downtown Palmdale area. Alt C is the only alternative to propose deliveries to these customers. ƒ Phase 1 Constructability: The Alt B Phase 1 alignment provides the least potential for construction issues since there area no major road or railroad crossings and the setting is primarily agricultural. Alt C Phase 1 alignment presents the greatest potential for construction issues by passing near Downtown Palmdale and numerous laterals. Alt A falls in between Alt B and C. ƒ Implementation Flexibility: All alternatives serve a substantial volume of recycled water in Phase 1 to anchors customers (PHPP and business parks) and each serves customers along the Phase 1 segment alignment. Both Alternatives A and B provide flexibility in project implementation by allowing the Downtown Palmdale area to be served when the lead project partner, PWD, decides to proceed and therefore, does not commit funds to this project segment until it would be more desirable. Alt C would serve this segment in Phase 1. Alt A is rated higher in this evaluation because implementing the Downtown Palmdale segment would be less expensive than with Alt B (see Appendix Overall, Alt A received the most high and medium ratings based on the Phase 1 economic considerations and implementation flexibility. Alt C rated high due the volume of recycled water included in Phase 1 and but did not rate high in economic or implementation flexibility. Alt B rated the same as or worse than Alt A except for constructability. Based on this evaluation Alt A is the preferred Phase 1 recycled water project for the City. 4.5 Freshwater & No Project Alternatives For comparison with the recycled water alternatives, this study considered a Freshwater Alternative and a “No Project” Alternative. Each alternative is defined in the subsequent sections followed by a comparison with recycled water alternatives 4.5.1 Freshwater Alternative For the Freshwater Alternative, the volume of recycled water proposed to be used would need to be offset by a similar volume of new water supplies. As discussed in Section 2.3.1, potable water from WWD40 and PWD consists approximately of 55 percent imported water, 35 percent groundwater, and 10 percent local surface water (though the contribution varies significantly year to year). Continued groundwater pumping would exacerbate basin overdraft conditions and would likely be reduced or become more expensive once the adjudication process is complete. Assuming no new groundwater supplies are probable, the new demands would require AVEK and PWD to acquire new SWP supplies and potentially require expansion of existing imported water conveyance and treatment facilities. Overall, if Alt A M&I demands were served with imported water instead of recycled water: ƒ 4,027 afy of new imported water supply would need to be acquired for new water customers instead of using recycled water ƒ 4,027 afy of recycled water would continue to be used by LACSD at their agricultural reuse sites. 4.5.2 No Project Alternative For the No Project Alternative, potable water from WWD40, PWD, and private groundwater wells would continue to be used by existing M&I customers and planned M&I demands would require the acquisition ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-19 of new potable water supplies. Also, the planned PHPP would not have the option of acquiring new potable water supplies but rather would not be built without access to recycled water because permit approval from the CEC for new power plants prefers the use of non-potable water sources. Overall, if Alt A M&I demands were not served with recycled water: ƒ 727 afy of existing potable water supplies from WWD40, PWD and private wells would continue to be used; of this, approximately 400 afy would be imported water, 254 afy would be groundwater, and 73 afy would be local surface water. ƒ 3,300 afy of new imported water supply would need to be acquired for new water customers instead of using recycled water ƒ 4,027 afy of recycled water would continue used by LACSD at their agricultural reuse sites. 4.5.3 Freshwater & No Project Alternative Costs The Freshwater Alternative and No Project Alternative costs were assessed by estimated the unit costs of their respective water supplies, including: • New imported water from SWP • Existing imported water from SWP • Existing groundwater extraction • Existing local surface water The cost for new imported water from the SWP varies but a value of $700/af was used in the Antelope Valley Proposition 50, Round 2, Step 2 Grant Application (KJ, 2008). This value includes the cost to purchase SWP water rights, the SWP average year delivery of approximately 75% of water rights, and the SWP transport fee. For comparison with recycled water, the cost of banking imported water in above average water years for extraction in below average water years must be included due to the annual variability in SWP deliveries. The Semitropic-Rosamond Water Bank Authority is currently being developed in the Antelope Valley and, while firm costs were not available, the costs were estimated as $1,000/af by a project participant (RCSD/Neufeld, 2007). Approximately 50% of imported water would need to be banked in wet years for use in dry years so groundwater banking costs would apply to 50% of the imported water volume. Combining the cost to acquire imported water plus the cost to bank half the water equates to $1,200/af. Existing imported water and groundwater unit costs were values of $310/af and $170/af, respectively, were used in the Antelope Valley Proposition 50, Round 2, Step 2 Grant Application (KJ, 2008). No value was available for local surface water. Based on these values, approximate unit costs for the Freshwater and No Project alternatives was developed, as shown in Table 4-17. These unit costs are higher than the Alt A, Phase 1 unit cost ($670/af) and comparable with the Phase 1 & 2 unit cost ($1,160/af). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-20 Table 4-17: Freshwater and No Project Alternative Costs Monetized Benefit Unit Cost Freshwater Alternative No Project Alternative Supplies Annual Cost Supplies Annual Cost Existing Imported Water $310 / af 400 afy $124,000 Existing Groundwater $170 / af 254 afy $43,000 Existing Local Surface Water 73 afy New Imported Water $1,200/af 4,027 afy $4,832,000 3,300 afy $3,960,000 Total Annual Savings $4,832,000 $4,130,000 Total Unit Cost $1,200/af $1,020/af 4.5.4 Freshwater & No Project Alternative Comparison Although the Freshwater and No Project alternatives would avoid potential short-term environmental impacts, such as traffic impacts from construction activities and noise impacts from operation of equipment and vehicles, there would be several major long-term benefits associated with implementing Alt A (KJ, 2008): ƒ Reduced Demand for Imported Water from SWP: By offsetting current potable water use with recycled water, existing and new SWP imports would be reduced. Reduced imported water demand for existing uses avoids the costs of existing SWP imports. Avoiding new SWP imports for new users avoids the cost to acquire new entitlements and transport and delivery charges. ƒ Reduced Demand for Groundwater: By offsetting current potable water use with recycled water, existing groundwater pumping would be reduced. Reduced groundwater pumping avoids pumping and treatment costs and contributes to reduced overdraft conditions in the basin. ƒ Improved Water Supply Reliability: Alt A would provide a local water source that is drought resistant and is not subject to SWP cutbacks. ƒ Enables Implementation of the PHPP: Alt A enables recycled water to be delivered to the PHPP, which enables implementation of the PHPP because the CEC strongly prefers the use of recycled water for new power plants and the plant would likely not be permitted without access to recycled water. ƒ Recycled Water Put to Highest Beneficial Use: Recycled water would be applied toward Palmdale M&I uses instead of agriculture by LACSD at their agricultural reuse sites. ƒ Reduced Stress on the SWP and Bay-Delta: By reducing demands for existing and new SWP imports, capacity (i.e. pumping) constraints on SWP facilities are relieved and exports of water from the ecologically-stressed Sacramento Bay-Delta are reduced. ƒ Reduce Introduction of Salts to the Basin: By reducing SWP imports with recycled water, salts that would be imported into the Antelope Valley from continued and additional imported water deliveries are avoided. ƒ Reduced Fertilizer Costs: Recycled water contains higher nutrient contents than existing supplies and, as a result, less fertilizer is required for landscape irrigation applications. ƒ Reduced Carbon Dioxide Emissions: By offsetting imported water demands with locally produced recycled water, Alt A would avoid carbon dioxide emissions generated by transporting imported water to the Antelope Valley. There are also potential avoided costs for LACSD from reducing effluent management efforts the agricultural reuse sites, such as avoided investment in agricultural reuse facilities and agricultural operations. Conversely, LACSD would not realize revenue from sales of agricultural produce. Estimation of incremental and avoided costs associated with effluent management were beyond the scope of this ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 4 Project Alternatives Analysis FINAL March 2009 4-21 study; however, the Lancaster Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study (RMC, 2007) found a net benefit to using recycled water for non-potable and indirect potable uses. During preparation of the Antelope Valley Proposition 50, Round 2, Step 2 Grant Application (KJ, 2008), the benefits of a Palmdale recycled water project in addition to avoided water supply costs were quantified where possible and monetized if the proper information was available. Based on this analysis, Table 4-18 summarizes the avoided costs of implementing Alt A. Note that these are direct benefits of Alt A and do not include such indirect economic benefits of implementation of the PHPP and business parks in Palmdale. Table 4-18: Avoided Costs of Implementing Alt A Monetized Benefit Unit Cost Freshwater Alternative No Project Alternative Supplies Annual Cost Supplies Annual Cost Water Supplies 4,027 afy $4,832,000 4,027 afy $4,130,000 Improved Water Supply Reliability $4 / household 50,000 households $195,000 50,000 households $195,000 Fertilizer Costs $22 / af 4,027 afy $89,000 4,027 afy $89,000 Carbon Dioxide Emissions $48 / af 4,027 afy $193,000 3,700 afy $178,000 Total Annual Savings $5,309,000 $4,589,000 Total Unit Cost $1,320/af $1,140/af Note: All unit avoided costs were referenced from the Antelope Valley Proposition 50, Round 2, Step 2 Grant Application (KJ, 2008) except for carbon dioxide emissions, which is derived in Table 4-19. Table 4-19: Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Benefits of Implementing Alt A Items Units Freshwater Alternative No Project Alternative Generic Southern CA1 Recycled Water Supply Offsetting Imported Water Supply 2 afy 4,027 3,700 1 Recycled Water Supply Energy Intensity kWh/af 600 600 Replaced Water Supply State Water Project (Pearblossom Pump Station) Pacific Ocean Desalination Energy Intensity of Replaced Supply kWh/af 4,400 4,000 Energy Benefits of Recycled Water Electricity Benefit kWh/af 3,800 3,400 Embedded Natural Gas Benefit MMBTUs/af 27.3 24.5 Associated Carbon Benefit tons / af 1.60 1.43 Unit Monetary Carbon Benefit 3 $ / af $48 $43 Annual Energy Savings Electricity Savings MWh/yr 15,300 12,540 3,400 Natural Gas Savings MMBTUs/yr 109,940 90,090 24.5 Carbon Benefit tons / yr 6,440 5,280 1.43 Source: The Role of Recycled Water in Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Reduction (CSA, 2008) Notes: 1. “Generic Southern California” is based on the evaluation conducted in CSA, 2008, which concludes that desalination is the long-term marginal water supply for southern California. The assumed likely long-run marginal electricity supply is a very efficient combined cycle generation turbine (CCGT), (7,193 BTUs/kWh and 0.4207 tons carbon / MWh) (CSA, 2008). 2. Does not include groundwater supplies to simplify presentation of benefits analysis. 3. Assumes carbon benefit of $30/ton. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-1 Chapter 5 Recommended Project Recycled water projects in Palmdale are recommended to be implemented in phases due to capital cost constraints. The recommended project for the first phase of recycled water implementation is Alternative A (see Figure 5-1). This project was recommended for the following reasons: ƒ Cost Effectiveness: Alt A had the lowest unit cost for Phase 1 ($660/af) and Phase 2 ($1,150/af) ƒ Customers Served: Alt A, Phase 1 would serve the two customers with the largest water demands within the City and both that have expressed willingness to use recycled water. Alt A, Phase 1 would not serve the numerous municipal customers in downtown Palmdale (in contrast to Alt C) to avoid any delays associated with negotiating agreements with new users and developing public outreach programs to make users more aware of recycled water. ƒ Minimal Impacts: Alt A avoids installation of large diameter pipes in downtown Palmdale (in contract to Alt thereby reducing construction costs and traffic impacts relating to new construction. ƒ Regional Backbone: Much of the Alt A alignment would serve as the regional backbone pipeline (in contrast to Alt B) and allow for future regional recycled water expansion as the next phases are developed. ƒ Implementation Flexibility: Implementation of Alt A, Phase 1 allows for the project partners to determine whether to commit additional capital resources to more urban M&I customers or toward development of groundwater recharge with recycled water. The following sections describe the recommended Phase 1 project and potential next phases of recycled water projects in Palmdale. 5.1 Phase 1 Project Description The recommended Phase 1 project would provide approximately 3,327 afy of recycled water to the PHPP as well as the Antelope Valley County Club and Desert Aire Golf Course. The project would enable development in the near future of an Industrial / Business Park adjacent to the PHPP and the Palmdale Business Park, which will have a total recycled water demand of 700 afy. The project would include the following facilities: ƒ Pipelines: Approximately 37,490 LF of 24” steel pipe and 11,980 LF of 12” PVC laterals to the Antelope Valley Country Club and Palmdale Business Park. ƒ Storage: Recycled water storage is not necessary in Phase 1 because the peak hour demand is less than the average daily supply at the Palmdale WRP. ƒ Pump Stations: A 250-hp pump station would be required at the Palmdale WRP to supply Phase 1 recycled water customers, including the two planned business parks. The Antelope Valley Country Club would receive supplies during peak demand periods at 20 psi, which is the minimum delivery pressure for customers with on-site storage, and drives the minimum Phase 1 system head requirements. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-3 5.2 Phase 1 Project Cost As shown in Table 5-1, the capital cost for the Project is $21.2 million. A more detailed cost estimate is provided in Appendix C. Table 5-1: Estimate Phase 1 Project Cost Project Elements Estimated Cost Capital Costs Recycled Water Pipeline - Mains & Laterals $10,051,000 Pipe Appurtenances $285,000 Pumping $923,000 Storage Raw Construction Costs $11,259,000 Conceptual Design Level Contingency (20%) $2,252,000 Change Order Allowance $563,000 Construction Cost Subtotal $14,074,000 Pre-Construction: Eng/Design, Env. Docs, etc. (15%) $2,111,000 During Construction: CM, ESDC, Legal (15%) $2,111,000 Project Planning Cost Subtotal $4,222,000 Project Capital Cost Total $18,296,000 Annual Costs Annualized Capital Cost 5% over 25 years) $1,298,100 Total O&M Cost $707,100 Total Annual Cost $2,005,200 Unit Costs Average Annual Production – Existing Demand 3,327 afy Cost per AF - Existing Demand $600 / af Average Annual Production – Future Demand 4,027 afy Cost per AF - Future Demand $500 / af Notes: 1. All costs in September 2007 dollars (Los Angeles ENR CCI = 9,215.07) 5.3 Phase 1 Project Implementation Plan Numerous tasks (including environmental documentation, permitting, public outreach, funding, design, and construction) need to be undertaken between completion of this Plan and start of recycled water operations in the City. The purpose of the implementation plan is to describe these tasks and provide an approximate schedule for their completion. This section identifies major tasks and then discusses each major task, recommended approach, and status. This section addresses the following Project items: • Schedule • Financing Plan • Implementation Considerations ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-4 5.3.1 Schedule Commencement of Project operations is primarily driven by the estimated start of operation for the PHPP, which is currently scheduled for mid-2012. The PHPP start date is projected assuming: 1) the PHPP CEC permit (submitted in August 2008) is approved by the CEC in 18 months (January 2010); and 2) the PHPP is constructed in 30 months (July 2012). Also, tertiary treatment upgrades to the Palmdale WRP and Lancaster WRP are scheduled for completion in mid-2011 and late 2010, respectively. The Palmdale WRP construction contract is currently out to bid and the start date assumes that LACSD awards a construction contract by late 2008. The PHPP cannot start operations without successful implementation of the Palmdale WRP upgrades and this Project to convey the recycled water from Palmdale WRP. Likewise, the PHPP needs a reliable backup supply available so successful implementation of the Lancaster WRP upgrades and this Project are necessary to connect the PHPP to its backup supply. The Project is estimated to start operation in Spring 2012 in advance of the anticipated start of PHPP operations in mid-2012. All existing Project customers would connect to the Project in 2012 and the future Project customers would connect once they come on-line, which was estimated to be in 2015. The Project implementation schedule is presented in Figure 5-2. Figure 5-2: Project Schedule 2009 2010 2011 2012 Task Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Design Env. Documentation Permit Acquisition Bid/Award Construction Start-Up Start Operations 5.3.2 Financing Plan This section discusses potential funding sources, revenue sources and reuse incentives. Project capital funds will likely come from a combination of funds from the City and willing project partners. The City is currently receiving funding for the preparation of this Plan through the Water Recycling Funding Program (WRFP). Administered by the the WRFP provides funding of 50% of eligible planning costs up to $75,000 to public agencies to study the feasibility of water recycling and to prepare a facilities plan documenting the analyses and conclusions of the investigation. A summary of potential outside funding sources for the Project is provided below and summarized in Table 5-2. ƒ State Revolving Fund (SRF) Loan: The SRF Loan Program is administered by the The program provides low-interest loan funding for a wide array of design and construction projects, including construction of publicly-owned wastewater treatment facilities, local sewers, sewer interceptors, and water reclamation facilities. The SRF Loan Program provides 20-year loan with an interest rate set at half of the State Bond General Obligation Rate (typically 2.5% to The loan maximum is $25 million; however it may be increased to $50 million pending approval by the The is accepting new applications and is processing those applications that were previously under review. In order to qualify for a SRF ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-5 loan, the sponsor must apply for placement on the Priority List and subsequently, the sponsor must submit a Facilities Plan. The City submitted the Project for the Priority List in 2007 and recently updated project information for the 2008 list. ƒ WRFP Construction Grant: A Construction Grant is available through the WRFP administered through the The Construction Grant can provide up to 25% of the construction cost with a cap of $25 million. The sponsor must submit a Facilities Plan and Water Conservation Plan as specified in WRFP Guidelines 2004). Approximately $8 million is available in the Fiscal Year (FY) 2007-2008 and another $8 million is expected for FY 2008- 2009. ƒ United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Title XVI: In 1992, Congress authorized the USBR to participate in local recycled water projects under “The Reclamation Wastewater and Groundwater Studies and Facilities Act,” known as Title XVI. Title XVI funds are available for feasibility studies and/or design and construction costs. The Federal contribution is capped at 50% of the total study cost, and 25% of the total project cost (including construction), or $20 million per project. The federal appropriation process typically requires that the project sponsor notifies the USBR two years prior to the year the funds are sought. In order to be eligible, the project must meet legal and institutional requirements, including National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliance and consultation with US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service. A cost sharing agreement can only be approved after all feasibility and environmental requirements are met. WWD40 submitted a funding request to Congress for FY 2008-2009. ƒ DWR Proposition 84: This is an implementation grant program for California with two rounds of funding. The first round of funding will award $200 to $300 million and the second would be $500 million across California; however, only approximately $27 million is expected to be available for both rounds for entire Lahontan region. A number of project types are eligible for funding. They include: flood control projects, planning and feasibility studies focusing on climate change and impacts on flood and water systems; integration of flood and water systems, prevention of stormwater contamination, urban greening energy reduction, water conservation, and improvements to water quality. Competitive grants are also available for local and regional parks, land use plans designed to promote water conservation, and community revitalization. ƒ USBR Water 2025 - Challenge Grant Program: Through the Challenge Grant Program, the USBR provides 50% cost share funding to irrigation and water districts and states for projects focused on water conservation, efficiency, and water marketing. Projects are selected through a competitive process, based on their ability to meet the goals identified in Water 2025: Preventing Crises and Conflict in the West (USBR, 2005). The focus is on projects that can be completed within 24 months that will help to prevent crises over water. The USBR will fund up to $300,000 per project and is distributed annually. The District would have to submit an application for funding and obtain the required environmental documentation which may include the NEPA. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-6 Table 5-2: Potential Funding Sources Funding Program Type of Program Amount Available Comments Grant Funding Recycled Water Funding Program1 Construction Grant 25% of construction cost up to $4M million $8 M available in FY 07/08 and possibly in FY 08/09 USBR Title XVI Program2 Implement- ation Grant Up to 25% of construction cost with maximum of $20M Funding dependant on earmarks by Congress DWR Prop 84 Implement- ation Grant Up to $15 M Two rounds of funding opportunities. Project must be included in regional package. First round in FY 09/10 Loan Sources SRF Construction Loan SRF Up to $25 million; possible increase to $50M with approval by Priority list made yearly; $285M available in FY 07/08; Loan available once per recipient per year Municipal Bonds Bonds could supplement other funding sources for Project capital costs. Different types of bonds revenue bonds, general obligation bonds, certificate of participation) should be considered. Notes: 1. Water Recycling Funding Program Guidelines 2004); 2. Guidelines for Preparing, Reviewing, and Processing Water Reclamation and Reuse Project Proposals under Title XVI (USBR, 1992); 3. Water 2025 Challenge Grant Program website; www.doi.gov/water2025/grant.html 4. Proposition 84; http://www.grantsloans.water.ca.gov 5. SRF; www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/grants_loans/srf Grant funding is limited and unlikely so the best outside capital funding source would likely be to pursue a low interest loan under the SRF Loan Program since SRF loans have lower rates than municipal bonds; however, the City should still track opportunities, particularly Proposition 84. In addition, it is common practice for power plants to finance at least part of the water infrastructure required to serve the plant since the cost for securing the water infrastructure may be a small percentage of the overall cost of building the plant. Thus, the PHPP could reasonably assume part of the cost for construction of the pipeline. To reimburse the PHPP for its initial investment, the City could: ƒ Reimburse the power plant by offering reduced water rates; or ƒ Offer a “gain-share” agreement to the PHPP to share in revenue if future users are able to use the pipeline financed by PHPP. Revenue Sources and Incentive Program This section discusses potential revenue sources and presents potential incentives to users to connect to the recycled water system. Recycled water rates and charges (e.g. fee for maintenance and administration costs of providing recycled water service), connection fees and other funds are possible sources of revenue. ƒ Rates: The District could collect a recycled water rate based on volume sold to M&I customers. The rates could be a source of income for the District to pay back borrowed capital funds. ƒ Capital Facilities Charges (Connection Fees): Capital Facilities Charges also known as Connections Fees are charged to new developments for the right to connect to the water and ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-7 wastewater system. Connection fees associated with new developments would help cover the cost of developing available capacity necessary to serve growth and constructing recycled water facilities (transmission main, storage, and pumping). Fees could also be used to transfer existing potable users to the recycled water system, such as metering and retrofits. ƒ Developer Contributions: The District envisions recycled water to be used in future development areas for uses such as landscape irrigation and possibly residential irrigation. Developers are generally required to construct water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure as a condition of development. Developers may also be required to install recycled water infrastructure such as transmission pipelines or dual plumb buildings. Upsizing transmission pipelines could be financed by the utility or by a latecomer agreement, whereby the incremental cost of upsizing is retroactively reimbursed by later developments. The City would not collect connection fees or developer contributions but WWD40 has been collecting a development fee since 2005 and PWD is considering implementation of a similar revenue source. Incentive programs are typically implemented by agencies to assist and encourage possible users to connect to the recycled water system. These incentives typically include some level of financial incentives, such as recycled water rates lower than potable rates and non-monetary incentives, such as level of service provisions during drought conditions. A mandatory use ordinance, is required by the and is usually used in addition to rather than in lieu of other incentives. Financial Incentives Most recycled water projects include a Recycled Water Mandatory Use Ordinance for specific “reuse area” within which recycled water must be used for particular applications. WWD40 has already developed an ordinance and PWD may develop an ordinance in the near future. However, successful project implementation usually requires both a carrot (financial incentives) and a stick (use ordinance). Financial incentives are discussed in this section. The most common financial incentive for use of recycled water is setting the rate lower than the potable water rate – typically 70 to 90 percent. A lower rate provides an immediate incentive for existing customers to switch and new development to choose recycled water instead of potable water. Use of recycled water includes initial and periodic costs for the customer beyond those that potable water customers normally require. Examples of these costs include: ƒ Development permit review ƒ On-site retrofits and signage ƒ Annual cross connection testing ƒ On-site supervisor training One way to increase the attractiveness for customers to convert to recycled water is for the City to cover these costs either through purchase of equipment or providing the service itself. For example, the City could review development permits for free for recycled water customers. Also, the City could provide staff to support the annual testing requirements and offer free on-site supervisor training for customers. For retrofit costs, the City could either pay for all the costs without reimbursement by the customer or pay for all the costs and recover the funds through a higher recycled water rate. If the recycled water rate is set as a percentage of the potable rate, the City can recover the funds by applying the (higher) potable water rate for recycled water. In this way the customer does not have any increased costs until the retrofit funds are recouped and the City successfully adds a new recycled water customer. Non-Monetary Incentives Recycled water use provides several non-monetary incentives for customers, particularly water supply reliability and positive community image. Recycled water supply is generally not affected by hydrologic ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-8 conditions so potential water shortages in dry years should not impact the customer. In addition, converting to recycled water carries a positive economic value by projecting the recycled water customer as “green” to the community. Public education and information program recognizing the benefits of using recycled water for the community would typically be necessary to enhance the role of this incentive. Project Costs and Revenues This section presents the Project capital costs, financing costs, annual expenditures, and annual revenues. The purpose of this financial analysis is to provide the City with a preliminary understanding of the costs of developing and maintaining the Project. Existing capital funds consist of contributions from LACSD’s recent settlement8 with the and developer fees that have been collected by the WWD40 over the last three years. Table 5-3 estimates the necessary Project capital costs to be financed. No grant contributions were assumed since no grant is anticipated to be secured in the short-term. Table 5-3: Capital Financing Needs Project Elements Estimated Cost Notes Capital Costs Estimated Total Capital Costs $27,960,000 Sep 2007 dollars Escalation Factor 10.3% Escalated @ 4%/yr to construction mid-point in early 2010 Escalated Total Capital Costs $30,840,000 Potential Existing Capital Funds Waterworks Fees $4,000,000 Half of approximately $8M available LACSD Settlement $2,300,000 Half of approximately $4.6M Total Existing Capital Funds $6,300,000 Capital Costs to be Financed $24,540,000 Difference between Escalated Total Capital Costs and Total Existing Capital Funds Note: The actual amount of existing capital funds available to apply to the project has not been determined so 50% of available funds was selected to conduct the financial analysis. The ultimate amount of these funds applied to the project will be negotiated in after the conclusion of this study. The annual costs and revenue projections for the first 30 years of the Project operations are defined in Table 5-4 in five-year increments. The following assumptions were made in conducting the financial analysis: • Design and construction costs would be supported by obtaining a SRF construction loan with a 20-year repayment period at a 2.5 percent interest rate. A debt service reserve of 10 percent was assumed. • Recycled water is sold to existing customers at 80% of the potable rate, which is $350/af (based on WWD40 quantity charge in excess of allowances). • Annual expenses are assumed to result from annual O&M costs and debt service. O&M costs are adjusted to increase by an inflation rate of 4 percent annually. • The PHPP will supply the remaining necessary funding to implement the project. The magnitude of the funding would likely affect facility ownership arrangements. 8 The LACSD No 14 & 20 Administrative Civil Liability Order allocates $4.55 million to construct a Supplemental Environmental Project (SEP). LACSD proposed the Antelope Valley Recycled Water Project as the SEP for the order. LACSD will fund $4.55M of the infrastructure (pipelines, pump stations) upon those components being completed and cannot be used for planning documents or planning purposes. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-9 Table 5-4: Annual Project Costs and Revenue Projections Project Elements Units 2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Annual Costs O&M $M $0.83 $0.97 $1.18 $1.43 $1.74 $2.12 $2.58 Debt Service $M $1.81 $1.81 $1.81 $1.81 $1.81 $0.00 $0.00 Debt Service Reserve $M $0.18 $0.18 $0.18 $0.18 $0.18 $0.00 $0.00 Total Annualized Costs $2.81 $2.95 $3.16 $3.42 $3.73 $2.12 $2.58 Revenues Non-PHPP Revenues Non-PHPP RW Demand af 727 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 Non-PHPP RW Unit Cost $/af $314 $353 $409 $475 $550 $638 $739 Non-PHPP Sales Revenue $ M $0.23 $0.50 $0.58 $0.68 $0.79 $0.91 $1.06 PHPP Revenues Revenue Shortfall $ M $2.59 $2.45 $2.58 $2.74 $2.94 $1.21 $1.52 PHPP Demands af 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 Minimum Unit Cost for PHPP Recycled Water $/af $990 $940 $990 $1,050 $1,130 $470 $590 Present Value $/af $880 $740 $670 $620 $570 $210 $220 Note: The 30-year projection of the project cash flow can be found in Appendix E. Based on the annual cost and revenue analysis summarized in Table 5-4 and detailed in Appendix E, the minimum necessary unit cost for water delivered to the PHPP would range from $390/af (in 2031) to $1,130 (in 2030). In today’s dollars, the unit costs range from $190/af (in 2031) to $880 (in 2011). The high initial costs result from limited recycled use until the business parks come on-line in 2015. Also, the notable drop in unit price after 2030 results from the complete repayment of the SRF loan in 2030. In reality, at that time, the cost of recycled water is likely to be higher, as the aging system will require that contributions be made into an equipment replacement fund. Another approach is to determine how much funding would be required from the PHPP by calculating the present value of the non-PHPP sales revenue. As shown in Table 5-5, the present value of the non-PHPP recycled water sales revenue is $11.15 million. Table 5-5: Non-PHPP Recycled Water Sales Revenue Projections. Non-PHPP Sales Revenue Units 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 30-Year Sum Nominal Value $ M $0.23 $0.50 $0.58 $0.68 $0.79 $0.91 $1.06 $20.4 Present Value $ M $0.20 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.53 $0.53 $11.2 The present value of the capital costs to be financed (adjusted from Table 5-3 to 2007 dollars) is $22.8 million. By subtracting the present value of recycled water sales revenue from the capital cost present value, the PHPP would need to provide $11.6 million in capital funding, such as through a connection fee, to implement the Project without any contributions from project partners in addition to the Waterworks fees and LACSD settlement funds (identified in Table 5-3). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-10 Sensitivity Analysis The PHPP is critical to successful financing of the Project since it will account for 80% of recycled water use initially and 65% once the Phase 1 future customers come on-line. The Project would likely not be implemented as described if the PHPP is not constructed. Conversely, the Project would likely go forward even if the PHPP is the only customer because a recycled water supply is essential to operate the PHPP; however, the Project facilities may be downsized to account for reduced demand. Conclusions Funding options that were identified include state and federal funding, bonds, recycled water rates, connection fees, and impact fees (see Table 5-2). The capital funding options that best apply for the Project are the SRF Construction Loan and existing funds from LACSD and WWD40. The capital funds would be repaid by non-PHPP recycled water revenues and contributions from the PHPP either through upfront capital or higher recycled water rates. 5.3.3 Regulatory Items This section addresses the following regulatory items necessary for Project implementation: • Title 22 Engineering Report • Environmental Documentation • Master Water Recycling Requirements Environmental Documentation A Programmatic Environmental Impact Report is currently being prepared for the regional recycled water system defined in AV RW Report (KJ, 2006). The document will provide project-level coverage for construction and operation of recycled water pipelines and non-potable reuse applications as identified in the AV RW Report and provide program-level coverage for the use of recycled water for groundwater recharge. An Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration (IS/MND) will be prepared for this Facilities Plan as part of the CEQA-Plus9 environmental review process required for the SRF Construction Loan program. The IS/MND will be necessary to seek coverage of the project under the Master Reclamation Permit currently sought by LACSD. The environmental review process will include public outreach as well as stakeholder workshops. Title 22 Engineering Report The City will need to prepare a Title 22 Engineering Report for the Project in accordance with CCR Title 22 and CDPH Guidelines for the Preparation of an Engineering Report for the Production, Distribution, and Use of Recycled Water (2001). The report is prepared for submittal to the Lahontan CDPH, and Los Angeles County Department of Health Services as part of the project permitting process. The report content typically includes recycled water production facilities, transmission and distribution facilities and use areas. 9 From Guidelines: The SRF Loan Program is partially funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and subject to federal environmental regulations, including the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), and the General Conformity Rule for the Clean Air Act (CAA). USEPA has chosen to use CEQA as the compliance base for California’s SRF Loan Program, in addition to compliance with ESA, NHPA and CAA. Collectively, the calls these requirements CEQA-Plus. Additional federal regulations also may apply. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-11 Master Water Recycling Requirements LACSD is currently working towards approval of a Master Water Recycling Permit from the Lahontan for use of tertiary recycled water from the Palmdale WRP for landscape irrigation and industrial applications. The can issue a Master Water Recycling Permit to the recycled water supplier in lieu of waste discharge requirements or water reclamation requirements for recycled water users. The permit includes waste discharge requirements and rules and regulations for recycled water users. The CEQA document and Title 22 Engineering Report for the project will incorporate and reflect information from the Master Permit. The Lahontan will ultimately decide whether the Project is covered by the Master Permit after the Title 22 Engineering Report and CEQA review is complete. If the decides that the project cannot be covered under the Master Permit, a separate application for Water Reclamation Requirements would need to be secured from the Lahontan by the City or LACSD prior to starting operations. 5.3.4 Institutional Items This section addresses the following institutional items necessary for Project implementation: • Interagency Agreements • Use Ordinance • Standard User Agreement • User Manual • Recycled Water User Commitment / Coordination Interagency Agreements Ensuring that the proper governance structure is in place will be a key consideration to ensure successful project implementation. At the current time, WWD40 and the City of Lancaster is taking the lead on this project; however, there are discussions underway to develop a joint powers authority (JPA) or other collaborative structure for certain recycled water efforts in the region. This collaborative structure would share recycled water responsibility and allow for cost sharing. Necessary parties would include WWD40, LACSD, PWD, the City of Palmdale and the City of Lancaster. PHPP and other customers would have service agreements with the JPA to receive recycled water. The City is funding development of the Facilities Plan (with assistance from the As discussed, if a JPA or other collaborative structure is formed there will be potential for partnering and sharing responsibilities and costs on the project. In a JPA arrangement, the backbone system would be jointly owned and any laterals would likely be owned by individual parties. WWD40 and LACSD have a Water Purchase Agreement for use of recycled water from the Palmdale WRP. The City has been coordinating with WWD40 on the recycled water project implementation, although no agreement has been signed yet. In the near future, the City will work with WWD40 to develop and enter into an agreement or Memorandum of Understanding with WWD40 for the Project. This agreement should cover institutional, financial, and operational aspects of the project and could be amended in the future to cover other recycled water projects as the need arises. Use Ordinance The City, WWD40 and PWD plan to adopt a recycled water use ordinance to promote the use of recycled water in the City. The ordinance will be based on the City of Lancaster’s Recycled Water Use Ordinance (see Appendix which is consistent with requirements of the Water Recycling Funding Program Guidelines 2004). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-12 User Manual The City plans to use the Recycled Water User Handbook developed by the LACSD (2008) (see Appendix The handbook includes: • General information about LACSD’s recycled water program • State and local standards, regulations and guidelines for the use of recycled water • Information on the duties and responsibilities of water purveyors and recycled water users • Information on operational requirements at reuse sites • Information on notification and reporting LACSD suggests using their handbook in conjunction with the Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User’s Manual developed by the Los Angeles County Recycled Water Advisory Committee (2005) (see Appendix The manual describes the general rules, regulations and best management practices for use of recycled water at individual sites in Los Angeles County. The manual is approved by both CDPH and Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Standard User Agreement The City will develop a standard Recycled Water User Agreement between the City and each individual recycled water user. The agreement will include the application process for recycled water service and recycled water user requirements for safe use of recycled water, as described in the LACSD Recycled Water User Handbook. The user agreement will facilitate the addition of qualified users to the recycled water distribution system. Recycled Water User Commitment / Coordination It is a requirement of the (and good practice) that user commitment be obtained for a project to be eligible for state funding through the Water Recycling Funding Program. The City has started engaging directly with potential users to obtain commitment to use recycled water. This commitment will be memorialized in the user agreement. The City will continue working closely with the potential users to obtain user commitment. 5.3.5 Operation and Maintenance Activities Ongoing project activities include maintenance of distribution system facilities, billing and customer service, and inspection/backflow prevention testing. WWD40 would likely operate the recycled water system and, therefore, provide staff and equipment for system operations. Based on experience with other water agencies and recycled water programs, the Project will likely need at least one recycled water coordinator and one certified operator. Staff could be added as-needed, most likely in association with each major system expansion. • Recycled Water Coordinator: Responsible for coordinating most of the activities identified in Section 5.3.4. The coordinator’s responsibilities would also include billing and customer service. The coordinator would not need any particular certification but prior experience with water and recycled water system would be a plus. • Certified Operator: The operator would be responsible for field work, including system O&M, meter reading, onsite supervisor training, and site inspection. The operator should have a California/Nevada AWWA distribution operator certificate and a California/Nevada AWWA treatment operator certificate would be a plus. Also, prior experience with recycled water system and backflow prevention would be a plus. Both operator and coordinator should be familiar with the Recycled Water User Manual (see Appendix G) and should attend a training program on recycled water. Such programs are currently offered either ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Chapter 5 Recommended Project FINAL March 2009 5-13 through recycled water consultants or local professional societies, such as local chapters of WateReuse association. Large equipment should be made available to recycled water program staff include a dump truck, a backhoe, a pick-up/utility vehicle, and spare mechanical parts for critical facilities such as the pump station. 5.3.6 Other Implementation Considerations Some other issues that will need to be taken into consideration prior to implementing this alternative include: ƒ Construction Impacts: The project alignment for this alternative involves construction along Sierra Highway; although pipeline installation within the Sierra Bikeway Trail, which runs parallel to the highway, is assumed for now. The traffic impacts will need to be evaluated prior to confirming the alignment. ƒ User Retrofit Needs: Both golf courses’ irrigation systems may require retrofits to convert to recycled water but further investigation is needed. Funding of the retrofits was discussed in the previous section. ƒ Water Quality: Additional coordination with the golf courses’ superintendents regarding specific water quality concerns and on-going maintenance needs will need to be conducted. ƒ Public Outreach: Public support and acceptance is generally critical to a successful recycled water program. The City should develop a public outreach program to build support for recycled water projects in the community in coordination with public outreach efforts organized by the Antelope Valley IRWMP group. The program would supplement public involvement activities that would be required as part of the environmental review process. The program should include developing a website dedicated to recycled water in the City, and conducting a series of workshops to inform the public about this Facilities Plan, and other proposed projects. 5.4 Future Phases Although the timing is unknown, future developments currently being planned by the City will increase the potential for recycled water demand. Also, the customers identified in Section 3.2.2 (private agriculture and groundwater recharge) were not evaluated in depth in this Facilities Plan; however they may be evaluated in a future Facilities Plan. Phase 2 of the recommended alternative would be an obvious next step; however, most the customers identified for this phase are currently served by PWD and they are planning on conducting a Recycled Water Facilities Plan to investigate the best investment of PWD funds for recycled water opportunities. In fact, PWD submitted a WRFP planning grant application to the in June 2008. The key objectives of the Plan will be to answer the following questions: 1. What should be the extent and timing of PWD’s investment in recycled water? 2. To what extent does this investment incorporate non-potable irrigation uses and/or groundwater recharge? 3. How will PWD’s recycled water plans integrate with regional recycled water and other water management efforts? PWD intends to coordinate with the City of Palmdale during development of this facilities plan. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan References FINAL March 2009 References California Sustainability Alliance (CSA), 2008. The Role of Recycled Water in Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Reduction. May 2. Carollo Engineers (Carollo), 2005. Palmdale Water District 2005 Urban Water Management Plan. Prepared for Palmdale Water District. December. County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (LACSD), 2008. Recycled Water User Handbook. July 1. LACSD, 2007. Spreadsheets provided via e-mail in October 2007. LACSD, 2005. Final Palmdale Water Reclamation Plant 2025 Facilities Plan and Environmental Impact Report. September. LACSD, 2004. Final Lancaster Water Reclamation Plant 2020 Facilities Plan. May. Inland Energy, Inc., 2007. E-mail correspondence in July 2007. Kennedy/Jenks Consultants (KJ), 2008. Proposition 50 Round 2, Step 2 Grant Application. Prepared for the Regional Water Management Group of the Antelope Valley IRWMP. January. KJ, 2007. Final Report, Antelope Valley Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (IRWMP). Prepared for the Regional Water Management Group of the Antelope Valley IRWMP. November. KJ, 2006. Final Facilities Planning Report, Antelope Valley Recycled Water Project. Prepared for Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Waterworks District No. 40. August. KJ, December 2005. 2005 Integrated Urban Water Management Plan for the Antelope Valley. Prepared for Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Waterworks District No. 40. Los Angeles County Recycled Water Advisory Committee, 2005. Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User’s Manual. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. 2007. Water Reuse: Issues Technologies and Applications. McGraw Hill. New York. Nebeker, Gene, 2007. E-mail correspondence in October 2007. Rosamond Community Services District (RCSD), 2007. Communications with Bob Neufeld, General Manager (at the time of the meeting). RMC Water and Environment (RMC), 2007. Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study. Prepared for the City of Lancaster. May. RMC, 2006a. Engineering Report for Distribution and Use of Recycled Water Division Street Corridor Recycled Water Project. Prepared for the City of Lancaster. February. RMC, 2006b. Recycled Water Facilities and Operations Master Plan. Prepared for the City of Lancaster. January. SAIC, 2007. Upper Amargosa Creek Preliminary Design. November. United States Geological Survey (USGS), 2003. Simulation of Ground-water Flow and Land Subsidence, Antelope Valley Ground-Water Basin, California. Wildermuth Environmental Inc. (Wildermuth), 2007. Recycled Water Groundwater Recharge Feasibility Study. Prepared for Palmdale Water District. July. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A - Palmdale Hybrid Power Plant Preliminary Water Treatment Schematic ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Process Inputs/Assumptions: Results: gpm Cooling Tower Evaporation Rate 2231.4 gpm Solids Out of ZLD process (Dry Basis) lb/hr Cooling Tower Drift Rate 0.7 gpm Solids Out of ZLD process (Wet Basis) lb/hr gpm Cooling Tower Cycles of Concentration 4.0 cycles Estimated Vol of Solids Out of Process ft^3/hr H.E.R.O. (High Efficiency Reverse Osmosis) Evaporative Cooler Evaporation Rate 20.4 gpm Plant Water Consumption gpm Evaporative Cooler Cycles of Concentration 4.0 cycles Estimated HERO Inlet TDS mg/l Sodium Hypochlorite (Intermittent to maintain chlorine residual) Hero Recovery 85.0 % Estimated HERO Inlet TSS mg/l Coagulant Coagulant Aid Polishing RO Recovery 75.0 % Estimated HERO Inlet Silica mg/l Lime & Soda Ash Steam Cycle Blowdown 30.0 gpm Plant Drains 15.0 gpm Mirror Washing Demand 30.0 gpm gpm Plant Make-up TDS 445.0 mg/l Plant Make-up TSS 350.0 mg/l Acid Plant Make-up Silica 20.0 mg/l gpm gpm Polymer gpm Bisulfite NaOH gpm gpm Blowdown Acid regen 0.0 gpm gpm gpm Solids: Acid Plant Drains gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm Blowdown gpm gpm gpm Circulating NaOH Water % Recovery Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment: Biocide 0.0 gpm 0.0 gpm Reclaim Scale Inhibitor Tertiary Sodium Bromide Water gpm Corrosion Inhibitor gpm gpm gpm gpm 111.5 gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm Mirror Washing gpm gpm gpm gpm gpm Solids: gpm gpm To Disposal Site Notes: 1 Blending RO permeate with reclaim water for the evap cooler is only required if neither can meet the evap cooler MFG's Specifications 2 High purity water for plant commissioning will be required. This can be arranged by operating the HERO RO on well water up until the cooling tower is operational. 3 System will be designed for a Cooling Tower operated at a minimum of 4 cycles of concentration and a maximum cycles of concentration to be determined by future water analysis. SHEET 4 Cooling Tower inlet TDS, TSS, and Silica are assumed to be the same as the incoming tertiary water 5 Water treatment chemical addition is assumed to contribute no more than 10% to the total solids mass leaving the proccess. (dry basis) DRAWING NUMBER 6 Total solids discharge mass includes an assumption of 30% moisture. A ISSUED FOR REVIEW RRT 7 Data is based on the Bibb & Associates Heat Balances: GC551-042807-0 by dated 04/28/2007 REV. DESCRIPTION C UPDATED CT INLET COOLER EVAPORATION RATE RRT 7-24-07 1409.3 18.8 0.0 986.5 0.0 1400.0 80.0 2252.4 1780.0 0.7 743.1 2231.4 20.4 26.2 H2SO4 2975 30.0 26.2 0.0 5.8 15.0 2965.6 2995.6 2969.4 30.0 743.1 2950.6 85 2252.4 111.5 631.7 631.7 632 111.5 30.0 0.0 51.5 60.0 111.5 80.0 80.0 20.0 31.5 6/5/07 B CANGED CYCLES OF CT CONC. FROM 5 TO 4 RRT 6/12/07 Drift Evaporation 1 of 1 Reclaim & Fire Water Tank Evaporative Cooler Cooling Tower H.E.R.O Reverse Osmosis Bottle Exchange Mixed Bed Reject/B rine Tank Demineralized Water Tank HRSG Steam Cycle Gravity Filter Weak Acid Cation Exchanger Decarbonator 1 MMgal Surge Tank Solids Contact Clarifier Sludge Thickener Filter Press Tank Filter Press Clear Liquor, Multi Effect System Mixed Bed Feed Tank Condenser and Aux Cooling HX Polishing RO 1 of 1 Drift Evaporation 1 of 1 Reclaim & Fire Water Tank Evaporative Cooler Cooling Tower H.E.R.O Reverse Osmosis Bottle Exchange Mixed Bed Reject/B rine Tank Demineralized Water Tank HRSG Steam Cycle Gravity Filter Weak Acid Cation Exchanger Decarbonator 1 MMgal Surge Tank Solids Contact Clarifier Sludge Thickener Filter Press Tank Filter Press Clear Liquor, Multi Effect System Mixed Bed Feed Tank Condenser and Aux Cooling HX Polishing RO 1 of 1 Water Treatment System Water Balance Case P-59F 2007021WB007 PALMDALE POWER PROJECT ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix B - Storage Analysis ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- System Type Demand Customer User Area of Use Retailer Customer Name AF/Y Subtotal Assurance Comments 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 Table A-1: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Existing Customers Ph 1 L2 P ANTELOPE VALLEY COUNTRY CLUB 479.0 479.0 Ph 1 L2 P DESERT AIRE GOLF COURSE 248.0 248.0 L2 (LANDSCAPE 24-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 727.0 727.0 Ph 1 I1 P PALMDALE HYBRID POWER PLANT 2,600.0 2,600.0 I1 (INDUSTRIAL 24-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 2,600.0 2,600.0 Ph 2 L1 P MANZANITA ELEMENTARY 23.9 23.9 Ph 2 L1 P MESQUITE ELEMENTARY 28.5 28.5 Ph 2 L1 P PALMTREE 41.8 41.8 Ph 2 L1 P PHOENIX HIGH SCHOOL 5.5 5.5 Ph 2 L1 P TAMARISK 21.6 21.6 Ph 2 L1 P WILDFLOWER 30.4 30.4 Ph 2 L1 P DR. ROBERT ST. CLAIRE PARKWAY 20.5 20.5 Ph 2 L1 P AMERICAN INDIAN LITTLE LEAGUE 21.0 21.0 Ph 2 L1 P PONCILTAN SQUARE 8.4 8.4 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE HIGH SCHOOL 138.1 138.1 Ph 2 L1 P MCADAM 88.5 88.5 Ph 2 L1 P COURSON 28.0 28.0 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT SANDS 84.9 84.9 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT ROSE ELEMENTARY 29.7 29.7 Ph 2 L1 P TUMBLEWEED ELEMENTARY 36.8 36.8 Ph 2 L1 P YUCCA ELEMENTARY 25.0 25.0 Ph 2 L1 P CACTUS K-8 31.5 31.5 Ph 2 L1 P MESA INTERMEDIATE 54.8 54.8 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE LEARNING PLAZA 36.8 36.8 L1 (LANSCAPE 8-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 755.6 755.6 Existing Subtotal 4,082.6 4,082.6 Table A-2: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Future Customers Ph 2 L1 P INDUSTRIAL/BUSINESS PARK 350.0 350.0 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE BUSINESS PARK 350.0 350.0 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT SANDS EXPANSION 29.4 29.4 L1 SUBTOTAL 729.4 729.4 Future Subtotal 729.4 729.4 Table B: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Combined Totals L1 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 1,485 AFY L2 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 727 AFY I1 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 2,600 AFY TOTAL (Existing & Future combined) 4,812 AFY General Landscape (24 hours) Industrial Use (24 hours) General Landscape-Night Irrigation DIVISION ST. & AVE R DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 30TH ST. E & Q-10 10TH ST. E & Q-9 DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 35TH ST. E & AVE Q 6TH ST. E & AVE Q-10 DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 5TH ST. E & AVE Q-7 28TH ST. E & AVE R-7 Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan 33RD ST. E & AVE Q 42ND ST. E & BELLSHIRE AVE Site Location 5 40TH ST. E & AVE P 10TH ST. & AVE M DIVISION ST. & FAIRWAY AVE. 20TH ST. E. & AVE Q-9 33RD ST. E & AVE R-4 DIVISION ST. & AVE M 10TH ST. W. & AVE M Alternative A - Phase 1 & 2 20TH ST. E & AVE Q-13 25TH ST. E & AVE Q 18TH ST. E & AVE Q 40TH ST. E & AVE P 2ND ST. E & AVE Q-3 20TH ST. E & AVE Q-13 ---PAGE BREAK--- CALCULATIONS OF HOURLY DEMAND FOR AVERAGE DAY OF THE PEAK MONTH Annual Peaking Average Day, Peak Mo. Demand Hourly Use Type Demand Factor Hours Demand AF AF MG START END GPM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table D-1: Existing Customers, Hourly Demand Landscape Irrigation a -all day 727 2.0 4.0 1.3 0000 2400 24 909 Industrial Use a -all day 2,600 2.2 15.8 5.1 0000 2400 24 3,565 Landscape Irrigation -night 756 2.2 4.6 1.5 2200 0600 8 3,148 Total 4,083 24.4 8.0 7,622 Table D-2: Future Customers, Hourly Demand Landscape Irrigation -night 729 2.2 4.5 1.5 2200 0600 8 3,039 Total 729 4.5 1.5 3,039 Footnotes: a. Demand based on actual water records provided by customer Schedule Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure J-1: Hourly Supply and Demand Hr Supply Demand Storage GPM GPM Gallons 1 2 3 4 1 8,333 10,661 941,381 2 8,333 10,661 801,726 3 8,333 10,661 662,071 4 8,333 10,661 522,416 5 8,333 10,661 382,761 6 8,333 4,474 614,314 7 8,333 4,474 845,866 8 8,333 4,474 1,077,419 9 8,333 4,474 1,308,971 10 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 11 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 12 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 13 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 14 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 15 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 16 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 17 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 Figure J-2: Water Storage by hour (gallons) 18 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 19 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 20 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 21 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 22 8,333 10,661 1,360,345 23 8,333 10,661 1,220,690 24 8,333 10,661 1,081,035 1 8,333 10,661 941,381 Remarks: Current tertiary flow estimated at 12.0 MGD Amount of storage used: Gallons Same as current flow Amount of potable used: Gallons Max. amount to be pumped, limited by either avail. flow or treatment/pumping capacity of Based on- Project irrigation demand Treatment capacity of: MGD N/A Pumping capacity of: GPM Maximum amount to be treated and pumped, limited by tertiary/pumping capacity and demand Supply/Demand Ratio of: GPM Calculations based on starting with full storage at hour 10:00 PM 04/23/08 8333 1.27 Operational Flow Table J: Treatment plant operational supply and demand summary 0 1,117,239 12.00 Table K: Project summary SUMMARY Hourly Supply & Demand 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 1 Hour Gallons per Minute Demand Supply Storage 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 Hour Gallons ---PAGE BREAK--- System Type Demand Customer User Area of Use Retailer Customer Name AF/Y Subtotal Assurance Comments 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 Table A-1: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Existing Customers Ph 1 L2 P ANTELOPE VALLEY COUNTRY CLUB 479.0 479.0 Ph 1 L2 P DESERT AIRE GOLF COURSE 248.0 248.0 L2 (LANDSCAPE 24-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 727.0 727.0 Ph 1 I1 P PALMDALE HYBRID POWER PLANT 2,600.0 2,600.0 I1 (INDUSTRIAL 24-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 2,600.0 2,600.0 Ph 2 L1 P MANZANITA ELEMENTARY 23.9 23.9 Ph 2 L1 P MESQUITE ELEMENTARY 28.5 28.5 Ph 2 L1 P PALMTREE 41.8 41.8 Ph 2 L1 P PHOENIX HIGH SCHOOL 5.5 5.5 Ph 2 L1 P TAMARISK 21.6 21.6 Ph 2 L1 P WILDFLOWER 30.4 30.4 Ph 2 L1 P DR. ROBERT ST. CLAIRE PARKWAY 20.5 20.5 Ph 2 L1 P AMERICAN INDIAN LITTLE LEAGUE 21.0 21.0 Ph 2 L1 P PONCILTAN SQUARE 8.4 8.4 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE HIGH SCHOOL 138.1 138.1 Ph 2 L1 P MCADAM 88.5 88.5 Ph 2 L1 P COURSON 28.0 28.0 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT SANDS 84.9 84.9 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT ROSE ELEMENTARY 29.7 29.7 Ph 2 L1 P TUMBLEWEED ELEMENTARY 36.8 36.8 Ph 2 L1 P YUCCA ELEMENTARY 25.0 25.0 Ph 2 L1 P CACTUS K-8 31.5 31.5 Ph 2 L1 P MESA INTERMEDIATE 54.8 54.8 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE LEARNING PLAZA 36.8 36.8 L1 (LANSCAPE 8-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 755.6 755.6 Existing Subtotal 4,082.6 4,082.6 Table A-2: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Future Customers Ph 2 L1 P INDUSTRIAL/BUSINESS PARK 350.0 350.0 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE BUSINESS PARK 350.0 350.0 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT SANDS EXPANSION 29.4 29.4 L1 (LANSCAPE 8-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 729.4 729.4 Future Subtotal 729.4 729.4 Table B: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Combined Totals L1 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 1,485 AFY L2 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 727 AFY I1 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 2,600 AFY TOTAL (Existing & Future combined) 4,812 AFY Alternative B - Phase 1 & 2 Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan 20TH ST. E & AVE Q-13 20TH ST. E. & AVE Q-9 30TH ST. E & Q-10 2ND ST. E & AVE Q-3 DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 Site Location 5 40TH ST. E & AVE P 33RD ST. E & AVE Q 10TH ST. & AVE M DIVISION ST. & FAIRWAY AVE. 10TH ST. E & Q-9 5TH ST. E & AVE Q-7 6TH ST. E & AVE Q-10 42ND ST. E & BELLSHIRE AVE 20TH ST. E & AVE Q-13 25TH ST. E & AVE Q 18TH ST. E & AVE Q DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 35TH ST. E & AVE Q DIVISION ST. & AVE R DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 DIVISION ST. & AVE M 10TH ST. W. & AVE M 28TH ST. E & AVE R-7 33RD ST. E & AVE R-4 40TH ST. E & AVE P General Landscape-Night Irrigation General Landscape (24 hours) Industrial Use (24 hours) ---PAGE BREAK--- CALCULATIONS OF HOURLY DEMAND FOR AVERAGE DAY OF THE PEAK MONTH Annual Peaking Average Day, Peak Mo. Demand Hourly Use Type Demand Factor Hours Demand AF AF MG START END GPM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table D-1: Existing Customers, Hourly Demand Landscape Irrigation -night 756 2.2 4.6 1.5 2200 0600 8 3,148 Landscape Irrigation a -all day 727 2.0 4.0 1.3 0000 2400 24 909 Industrial Use a -all day 2,600 2.2 15.8 5.1 0000 2400 24 3,565 Subtotal 4,083 6.5 24.4 8.0 7,622 Table D-2: Future Customers, Hourly Demand Landscape Irrigation -night 729 2.2 4.5 1.5 2200 0600 8 3,039 Total 729 2.2 4.5 1.5 3,039 Footnotes: a. Demand based on actual water records provided by customer Schedule Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure J-1: Hourly Supply and Demand Hr Supply Demand Storage GPM GPM Gallons 1 2 3 4 1 8,333 10,661 941,381 2 8,333 10,661 801,726 3 8,333 10,661 662,071 4 8,333 10,661 522,416 5 8,333 10,661 382,761 6 8,333 4,474 614,314 7 8,333 4,474 845,866 8 8,333 4,474 1,077,419 9 8,333 4,474 1,308,971 10 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 11 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 12 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 13 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 14 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 15 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 16 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 17 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 Figure J-2: Water Storage by hour (gallons) 18 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 19 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 20 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 21 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 22 8,333 10,661 1,360,345 23 8,333 10,661 1,220,690 24 8,333 10,661 1,081,035 1 8,333 10,661 941,381 Remarks: Current tertiary flow estimated at 12.0 MGD Amount of storage used: Gallons Same as current flow Amount of potable used: Gallons Max. amount to be pumped, limited by either avail. flow or treatment/pumping capacity of Based on- Project irrigation demand Treatment capacity of: MGD N/A Pumping capacity of: GPM Maximum amount to be treated and pumped, limited by tertiary/pumping capacity and demand Supply/Demand Ratio of: GPM Calculations based on starting with full storage at hour 10:00 PM 04/23/08 12.00 Table K: Project summary SUMMARY 0 1,117,239 Operational Flow Table J: Treatment plant operational supply and demand summary 8333 1.27 Hourly Supply & Demand 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 1 Hour Gallons per Minute Demand Supply Storage 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 Hour Gallons ---PAGE BREAK--- System Type Demand Customer User Area of Use Retailer Customer Name AF/Y Subtotal Assurance Comments 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 Table A-1: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Existing Customers Ph 1 L2 P ANTELOPE VALLEY COUNTRY CLUB 479.0 479.0 Ph 1 L2 P DESERT AIRE GOLF COURSE 248.0 248.0 L2 (LANDSCAPE 24-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 727.0 727.0 Ph 1 I1 P PALMDALE HYBRID POWER PLANT 2,600.0 2,600.0 I1 (INDUSTRIAL 24-HOUR) SUBTOTAL 2,600.0 2,600.0 Ph 2 L1 P MANZANITA ELEMENTARY 23.9 23.9 Ph 2 L1 P MESQUITE ELEMENTARY 28.5 28.5 Ph 2 L1 P PALMTREE 41.8 41.8 Ph 2 L1 P PHOENIX HIGH SCHOOL 5.5 5.5 Ph 2 L1 P TAMARISK 21.6 21.6 Ph 2 L1 P WILDFLOWER 30.4 30.4 Ph 2 L1 P DR. ROBERT ST. CLAIRE PARKWAY 20.5 20.5 Ph 2 L1 P AMERICAN INDIAN LITTLE LEAGUE 21.0 21.0 Ph 2 L1 P PONCILTAN SQUARE 8.4 8.4 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE HIGH SCHOOL 138.1 138.1 Ph 2 L1 P MCADAM 88.5 88.5 Ph 2 L1 P COURSON 28.0 28.0 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT SANDS 84.9 84.9 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT ROSE ELEMENTARY 29.7 29.7 Ph 2 L1 P TUMBLEWEED ELEMENTARY 36.8 36.8 Ph 2 L1 P YUCCA ELEMENTARY 25.0 25.0 Ph 2 L1 P CACTUS K-8 31.5 31.5 Ph 2 L1 P MESA INTERMEDIATE 54.8 54.8 Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE LEARNING PLAZA 36.8 36.8 L1 SUBTOTAL 755.6 755.6 Existing Subtotal 4,082.6 4,082.6 Table A-2: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Future Customers Ph 2 L1 P PALMDALE BUSINESS PARK 350.0 350.0 Ph 2 L1 P LOCKHEED BUSINESS PARK 350.0 350.0 Ph 2 L1 P DESERT SANDS EXPANSION 29.4 29.4 L1 SUBTOTAL 729.4 729.4 Future Subtotal 729.4 729.4 Table B: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan, Combined Totals L1 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 1,485 AFY L2 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 727 AFY I1 SUBTOTAL (Existing & Future) 2,600 AFY TOTAL (Existing & Future combined) 4,812 AFY Industrial Use (24 hours) General Landscape-Night Irrigation General Landscape (24 hours) DIVISION ST. & AVE R DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 DIVISION ST. & AVE M 10TH ST. W. & AVE M 20TH ST. E & AVE Q-13 25TH ST. E & AVE Q 18TH ST. E & AVE Q DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 35TH ST. E & AVE Q 33RD ST. E & AVE R-4 Site Location 5 40TH ST. E & AVE P 33RD ST. E & AVE Q 10TH ST. & AVE M DIVISION ST. & FAIRWAY AVE. 10TH ST. E & Q-9 5TH ST. E & AVE Q-7 40TH ST. E & AVE P Alternative C - Phases 1 & 2 Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan 20TH ST. E & AVE Q-13 20TH ST. E. & AVE Q-9 30TH ST. E & Q-10 2ND ST. E & AVE Q-3 DIVISION ST. & AVE P-8 28TH ST. E & AVE R-7 6TH ST. E & AVE Q-10 42ND ST. E & BELLSHIRE AVE ---PAGE BREAK--- CALCULATIONS OF HOURLY DEMAND FOR AVERAGE DAY OF THE PEAK MONTH Annual Peaking Average Day, Peak Mo. Demand Hourly Use Type Demand Factor Hours Demand AF AF MG START END GPM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table D-1: Existing Customers, Hourly Demand Landscape Irrigation a -all day 727 2.0 4.0 1.3 0000 2400 24 909 Industrial Use a -all day 2,600 2.2 15.8 5.1 0000 2400 24 3,565 Landscape Irrigation -night 756 2.2 4.6 1.5 2200 0600 8 3,148 Total 4,083 19.8 6.4 7,622 Table D-2: Future Customers, Hourly Demand Landscape Irrigation -night 729 2.2 4.5 1.5 2200 0600 8 3,039 Total 729 4.5 1.5 3,039 Footnotes: a. Demand based on actual water records provided by customer Schedule Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan ---PAGE BREAK--- Figure J-1: Hourly Supply and Demand Hr Supply Demand Storage GPM GPM Gallons 1 2 3 4 1 8,333 10,661 941,381 2 8,333 10,661 801,726 3 8,333 10,661 662,071 4 8,333 10,661 522,416 5 8,333 10,661 382,761 6 8,333 4,474 614,314 7 8,333 4,474 845,866 8 8,333 4,474 1,077,419 9 8,333 4,474 1,308,971 10 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 11 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 12 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 13 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 14 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 15 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 16 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 17 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 Figure J-2: Water Storage by hour (gallons) 18 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 19 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 20 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 21 8,333 4,474 1,500,000 22 8,333 10,661 1,360,345 23 8,333 10,661 1,220,690 24 8,333 10,661 1,081,035 1 8,333 10,661 941,381 Remarks: Current tertiary flow estimated at 12.0 MGD Amount of storage used: Gallons Same as current flow Amount of potable used: Gallons Max. amount to be pumped, limited by either avail. flow or treatment/pumping capacity of Based on- Project irrigation demand Treatment capacity of: MGD N/A Pumping capacity of: GPM Maximum amount to be treated and pumped, limited by tertiary/pumping capacity and demand Supply/Demand Ratio of: GPM Calculations based on starting with full storage at hour 10:00 PM 04/23/08 8333 #DIV/0! Operational Flow Table J: Treatment plant operational supply and demand summary 0 1,117,239 12.00 Table K: Project summary SUMMARY Hourly Supply & Demand 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 1 Hour Gallons per Minute Demand Supply Storage 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 Hour Gallons ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix C - Detailed Cost Estimates ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Item Size Unit Unit Cost Reference Notes Pipe (1/1) Unpaved 4 IN 41 $ DivSt, 2006 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 4 IN 62 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 4 IN 69 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 6 IN 60 $ DivSt, 2006 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 6 IN 82 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 6 IN 91 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 8 IN 79 $ DivSt, 2007 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 8 IN 102 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 8 IN 114 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 10 IN 98 $ DivSt, 2007 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 10 IN 123 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 10 IN 137 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 12 IN 117 $ DivSt, 2008 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 12 IN 143 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 12 IN 159 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 16 IN 115 $ DivSt, 2008 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 16 IN 152 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 174 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 24 IN 171 $ DivSt, 2009 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 24 IN 213 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 24 IN 245 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 30 IN 213 $ DivSt, 2009 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 30 IN 259 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 30 IN 298 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Unpaved 36 IN 255 $ DivSt, 2010 See Appendix D Memo Paved - Minimal Utilities 36 IN 305 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Paved - Average Utilities 36 IN 352 $ DivSt, 2006 & RS Means See Appendix D Memo Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valve 36 IN 20,000 $ RW Bids Spaced every 3,000 ft Isolation Valve 24 IN 13,000 $ RW Bids Spaced every 3,000 ft Isolation Valve 16 IN 4,200 $ RW Bids Spaced every 3,000 ft Isolation Valve 12 IN 4,000 $ RW Bids Spaced every 2,000 ft Isolation Valve 8 IN 3,000 $ RW Bids Spaced every 2,000 ft Isolation Valve 6 IN 1,700 $ RW Bids Spaced every 2,000 ft Air Release Valve 2 IN 6,000 $ RW Bids Spaced every 3,000 ft Storage Above Ground Steel Cylinder Storage Tank gal 1.12 $ DivSt, 2006 Bid results updated to Dec 2007 Pump Stations Construction Costs 800 gpm 250,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 2,600 gpm 531,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 3,600 gpm 735,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 4,000 gpm 800,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 6,700 gpm 1,183,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 7,500 gpm 1,224,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 6,100 gpm 1,143,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Construction Costs 10,700 gpm 1,734,000 $ Sanks, 1998 Railroad/Highway Crossing - Trenchless Pipe Construction Trenchless construction 48 IN 960 $ DivSt, 2006 $20/in-dia/ft; 48" casing for 24" pipe Trenchless pipe construction: Jacking Pit 30,000 $ RMC Trenchless pipe construction: Receiving Pit 10,000 $ RMC User Connections Customer Connections and Meters 6 IN 10,780 $ DivSt, 2006 Capital Costs Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan General Unit Cost Data Water andEnvironment Water andEnvironment C-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan General Unit Cost Data Water andEnvironment Water andEnvironment Item Unit Unit Cost Reference Notes Distribution Distribution O&M Costs 5% RMC Pumping Pump Station Operation Cost KWh 0.15 $ RMC Pump Station Maintenance Cost 15% RMC Storage Tank Protective Coating 12% WY&A, 2003 Tank Cathodic Protection 2% WY&A, 2003 REFERENCES DivSt, 2006 Bid results for Lancaster Division Street Corridor Project (April 2006). RMC Based on RMC experience RS Means Based on RS Means Heavy Construction Data, 2008 escalated to Los Angeles Location Factor RW Bids Based on average of recent recycled water project bids Sanks, 1998 Based on Sanks Pumping Station Design (2nd ed. 1998) WY&A, 2003 The protective coating and cathodic protection should be done every 20 years. Tank design life of 20 years. Operations & Maintenance Costs of Total Pipeline Cost The protective coating and cathodic protection should be done every 20 years. Costs based on West Sacramento Treated Water Storage Analysis (WY&A, 2003) and a tank design life of 20 years. C-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Alt A Alt B Alt C Backbone Notes Construction Costs Raw Construction Costs 11,259,000 $ 13,860,000 $ 23,048,000 $ 5,946,000 $ Conceptual Design Level Conting. (20%) 2,252,000 $ 2,772,000 $ 4,610,000 $ 1,189,000 $ Change Order Allowance 563,000 $ 693,000 $ 1,152,000 $ 297,000 $ Construction Cost Subtotal 14,074,000 $ 17,325,000 $ 28,810,000 $ 7,432,000 $ Project Planning Costs Pre-Construction: Eng/Design, Env. Docs, etc. (15%) 2,111,000 $ 2,599,000 $ 4,322,000 $ 1,115,000 $ During Construction: CM, ESDC, Legal (15%) 2,111,000 $ 2,599,000 $ 4,322,000 $ 1,115,000 $ Project Planning Cost Subtotal 4,222,000 $ 5,198,000 $ 8,644,000 $ 2,230,000 $ Project Cost Total 18,296,000 $ 22,523,000 $ 37,454,000 $ 9,662,000 $ Annual Costs Alt A Alt B Alt C Backbone Annualized Capital Cost 1,298,100 $ 1,598,100 $ 2,657,500 $ 685,500 $ See financing info below Total O&M Cost 707,100 $ 268,900 $ 1,862,800 $ 490,000 $ Total Annual Cost 2,005,200 $ 1,867,000 $ 4,520,300 $ 1,175,500 $ Average Annual Production (AFY) - Existing 3,327 2,848 4,084 Cost per AF - Existing Demand $600 $660 $1,110 Average Annual Production (AFY) - Future 4,027 3,548 4,813 Cost per AF - Future Demand $500 $530 $940 Notes: Alternative A - Shortest Route - Alignment west along Ave P and Lockheed Way, north along Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant Alternative B - Around Airport - Alignment east along Ave P, north along 50th St East, west along Ave M to the Power Plant Alternative C - Downtown Palmdale - Alignment south along 35th St East, west along Ave R, north along Sierra Hwy to PHPP Backbone - Connects Division St backbone pipeline in Lancaster via Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant CM - Construction Management ESDC - Engineering Services During Construction 0.05 = Financing Rate All capital costs are rounded to the nearest thousand. 25 = Financing Term (Years) All annual costs are rounded to the nearest hundred. Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Construction Cost Summary - Phase 1 Water andEnvironment C-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Alt A Alt B Alt C Backbone Notes Construction Costs Raw Construction Costs 23,557,000 $ 31,935,000 $ 23,048,000 $ 5,946,000 $ Conceptual Design Level Conting. (20%) 4,711,000 $ 6,387,000 $ 4,610,000 $ 1,189,000 $ Change Order Allowance 1,178,000 $ 1,597,000 $ 1,152,000 $ 297,000 $ Construction Cost Subtotal 29,446,000 $ 39,919,000 $ 28,810,000 $ 7,432,000 $ Project Planning Costs Pre-Construction: Eng/Design, Env. Docs, etc. (15%) 4,417,000 $ 5,988,000 $ 4,322,000 $ 1,115,000 $ During Construction: CM, ESDC, Legal (15%) 4,417,000 $ 5,988,000 $ 4,322,000 $ 1,115,000 $ Project Planning Cost Subtotal 8,834,000 $ 11,976,000 $ 8,644,000 $ 2,230,000 $ Project Cost Total 38,280,000 $ 51,895,000 $ 37,454,000 $ 9,662,000 $ Annual Costs Alt A Alt B Alt C Backbone Annualized Capital Cost 2,716,100 $ 3,682,100 $ 2,657,500 $ 685,500 $ See financing info below Total O&M Cost 1,534,800 $ 1,605,000 $ 1,862,800 $ 490,000 $ Total Annual Cost 4,250,900 $ 5,287,100 $ 4,520,300 $ 1,175,500 $ Average Annual Production (AFY) - Existing 4,084 4,084 4,084 Cost per AF - Existing Demand $1,040 $1,290 $1,110 Average Annual Production (AFY) - Future 4,813 4,813 4,813 Cost per AF - Future Demand $880 $1,100 $940 Notes: Alternative A - Shortest Route - Alignment west along Ave P and Lockheed Way, north along Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant Alternative B - Around Airport - Alignment east along Ave P, north along 50th St East, west along Ave M to the Power Plant Alternative C - Downtown Palmdale - Alignment south along 35th St East, west along Ave R, north along Sierra Hwy to PHPP Backbone - Connects Division St backbone pipeline in Lancaster via Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant CM - Construction Management ESDC - Engineering Services During Construction 0.05 = Financing Rate All capital costs are rounded to the nearest thousand. 25 = Financing Term (Years) All annual costs are rounded to the nearest hundred. Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Construction Cost Summary - Phase 1 & 2 Water andEnvironment C-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Base Phase 1 Phase 2 Total Notes Construction Costs Raw Construction Costs 6,954,000 $ 11,259,000 $ 12,298,000 $ 23,557,000 $ Conceptual Design Level Conting. (20%) 1,391,000 $ 2,252,000 $ 2,460,000 $ 4,712,000 $ Change Order Allowance 348,000 $ 563,000 $ 615,000 $ 1,178,000 $ Construction Cost Subtotal 8,693,000 $ 14,074,000 $ 15,373,000 $ 29,447,000 $ Project Planning Costs Pre-Construction: Eng/Design, Env. Docs, etc. (15%) 1,304,000 $ 2,111,000 $ 2,306,000 $ 4,417,000 $ During Construction: CM, ESDC, Legal (15%) 1,304,000 $ 2,111,000 $ 2,306,000 $ 4,417,000 $ Project Planning Cost Subtotal 2,608,000 $ 4,222,000 $ 4,612,000 $ 8,834,000 $ Project Cost Total 11,301,000 $ 18,296,000 $ 19,985,000 $ 38,281,000 $ Annual Costs Base Phase 1 Phase 2 Total Annualized Capital Cost 801,800 $ 1,298,100 $ 1,418,000 $ 2,716,100 $ See financing info below Total O&M Cost 436,600 $ 707,100 $ 827,700 $ 1,534,800 $ Total Annual Cost 1,238,400 $ 2,005,200 $ 2,245,700 $ 4,250,900 $ Average Annual Production (AFY) - Existing 2,600 3,327 757 4,084 Cost per AF - Existing Demand $480 $600 $2,970 $1,040 Average Annual Production (AFY) - Future 4,027 786 4,813 Cost per AF - Future Demand $500 $2,860 $880 Notes: Alternative A - Shortest Route - Alignment west along Ave P and Lockheed Way, north along Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant Alternative B - Around Airport - Alignment east along Ave P, north along 50th St East, west along Ave M to the Power Plant Alternative C - Downtown Palmdale - Alignment south along 35th St East, west along Ave R, north along Sierra Hwy to PHPP Backbone - Connects Division St backbone pipeline in Lancaster via Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant CM - Construction Management ESDC - Engineering Services During Construction 0.05 = Financing Rate All capital costs are rounded to the nearest thousand. 25 = Financing Term (Years) All annual costs are rounded to the nearest hundred. Project: Aspect: Construction Cost Summary for Alternative A Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Water andEnvironment C-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Base Phase 1 Phase 2 Total Notes Construction Costs Raw Construction Costs 9,305,000 $ 13,860,000 $ 18,075,000 $ 31,935,000 $ Conceptual Design Level Conting. (20%) 1,861,000 $ 2,772,000 $ 3,615,000 $ 6,387,000 $ Change Order Allowance 465,000 $ 693,000 $ 904,000 $ 1,597,000 $ Construction Cost Subtotal 11,631,000 $ 17,325,000 $ 22,594,000 $ 39,919,000 $ Project Planning Costs Pre-Construction: Eng/Design, Env. Docs, etc. (15%) 1,745,000 $ 2,599,000 $ 3,389,000 $ 5,988,000 $ During Construction: CM, ESDC, Legal (15%) 1,745,000 $ 2,599,000 $ 3,389,000 $ 5,988,000 $ Project Planning Cost Subtotal 3,490,000 $ 5,198,000 $ 6,778,000 $ 11,976,000 $ Project Cost Total 15,121,000 $ 22,523,000 $ 29,372,000 $ 51,895,000 $ Annual Costs Base Phase 1 Phase 2 Total Annualized Capital Cost 1,072,900 $ 1,598,100 $ 2,084,000 $ 3,682,100 $ See financing info below Total O&M Cost 506,800 $ 268,900 $ 1,336,100 $ 1,605,000 $ Total Annual Cost 1,579,700 $ 1,867,000 $ 3,420,100 $ 5,287,100 $ Average Annual Production (AFY) - Existing 2,600 2,848 1,236 4,084 Cost per AF - Existing Demand $610 $660 $2,770 $1,290 Average Annual Production (AFY) - Future 3,548 1,265 4,813 Cost per AF - Future Demand $530 $2,700 $1,100 Notes: Alternative A - Shortest Route - Alignment west along Ave P and Lockheed Way, north along Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant Alternative B - Around Airport - Alignment east along Ave P, north along 50th St East, west along Ave M to the Power Plant Alternative C - Downtown Palmdale - Alignment south along 35th St East, west along Ave R, north along Sierra Hwy to PHPP Backbone - Connects Division St backbone pipeline in Lancaster via Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant CM - Construction Management ESDC - Engineering Services During Construction 0.05 = Financing Rate All capital costs are rounded to the nearest thousand. 25 = Financing Term (Years) All annual costs are rounded to the nearest hundred. Project: Aspect: Construction Cost Summary for Alternative B Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Water andEnvironment C-6 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Base Phase 1 Phase 2 Total Notes Construction Costs Raw Construction Costs 11,193,000 $ 23,048,000 $ 23,048,000 $ Conceptual Design Level Conting. (20%) 2,239,000 $ 4,610,000 $ 4,610,000 $ Change Order Allowance 560,000 $ 1,152,000 $ 1,152,000 $ Construction Cost Subtotal 13,992,000 $ 28,810,000 $ 28,810,000 $ Project Planning Costs Pre-Construction: Eng/Design, Env. Docs, etc. (15%) 2,099,000 $ 4,322,000 $ 4,322,000 $ During Construction: CM, ESDC, Legal (15%) 2,099,000 $ 4,322,000 $ 4,322,000 $ Project Planning Cost Subtotal 4,198,000 $ 8,644,000 $ 8,644,000 $ Project Cost Total 18,190,000 $ 37,454,000 $ 37,454,000 $ Annual Costs Base Phase 1 Total Annualized Capital Cost 1,290,600 $ 2,657,500 $ 2,657,500 $ See financing info below Total O&M Cost 714,000 $ 1,862,800 $ 1,862,800 $ Total Annual Cost 2,004,600 $ 4,520,300 $ 4,520,300 $ Average Annual Production (AFY) - Existing 2,600 4,084 4,084 Cost per AF - Existing Demand $770 $1,110 $1,110 Average Annual Production (AFY) - Future 4,813 4,813 Cost per AF - Future Demand $940 $940 Notes: Alternative A - Shortest Route - Alignment west along Ave P and Lockheed Way, north along Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant Alternative B - Around Airport - Alignment east along Ave P, north along 50th St East, west along Ave M to the Power Plant Alternative C - Downtown Palmdale - Alignment south along 35th St East, west along Ave R, north along Sierra Hwy to PHPP Backbone - Connects Division St backbone pipeline in Lancaster via Sierra Hwy to the Power Plant CM - Construction Management ESDC - Engineering Services During Construction 0.05 = Financing Rate All capital costs are rounded to the nearest thousand. 25 = Financing Term (Years) All annual costs are rounded to the nearest hundred. Not Applicable to Alt C Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Construction Cost Summary for Alternative C Project: Aspect: Water andEnvironment C-7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Recycled Water Pipeline Unpaved 16 IN 5,280 LF 115 $ 605,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 16 IN 26,928 LF 152 $ 4,104,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 5,280 LF 174 $ 919,000 $ Railroad Crossing 48 IN 400 FT 20 $ 384,000 $ 48" casing for 24" pipe Jacking Pits 2 PAIR 40,000 $ 80,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 16 IN 12 EA 4,200 $ 52,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 12 EA 6,000 $ 75,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 3,600 gpm 735,000 $ 735,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs 6,954,000 $ O&M Costs Item Distribution O&M Costs 5,628,000 $ 5% 281,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 735,000 $ 15% 110,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 2,600 AFY 304,300 kWh 0.15 $ 45,645 $ TOTAL O&M COSTS 436,645 $ Project: Aspect: Raw Construction Costs - Alternative A - Base Scenario Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Water and Environment C-8 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Recycled Water Pipeline Paved - Minimal Utilities 16 IN 49,104 LF 152 $ 7,484,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 5,280 LF 174 $ 919,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 16 IN 16 EA 4,200 $ 69,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 16 EA 6,000 $ 98,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 3,600 gpm 735,000 $ 735,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs 9,305,000 $ O&M Costs Item Distribution O&M Costs 7,484,000 $ 5% 374,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 735,000 $ 15% 110,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 2,600 AFY 152,200 kWh 0.15 $ 22,800 $ TOTAL O&M COSTS 506,800 $ Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Alternative B - Base Scenario Water and Environment Water and Environment C-9 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Recycled Water Pipeline Paved - Minimal Utilities 16 IN 23,232 LF 152 $ 3,541,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 35,904 LF 174 $ 6,252,000 $ Railroad Crossing 48 IN 400 FT 20 $ 384,000 $ 48" casing for 24" pipe Jacking Pits 2 PAIR 40,000 $ 80,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 16 IN 20 EA 4,200 $ 83,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 20 EA 6,000 $ 118,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 3,600 gpm 735,000 $ 735,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs 11,193,000 $ O&M Costs Item Distribution O&M Costs 9,793,000 $ 5% 490,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 735,000 $ 15% 110,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 2,600 AFY 760,800 kWh 0.15 $ 114,000 $ TOTAL O&M COSTS 714,000 $ Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Alternative C - Base Scenario Water and Environment Water and Environment Water and Environment C-10 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: March 1, 2009 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Phase 1 Recycled Water Pipeline Trunk Pipe Unpaved 24 IN 5,280 LF 171 $ 901,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 24 IN 26,928 LF 213 $ 5,746,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 24 IN 5,280 LF 245 $ 1,294,000 $ Laterals Unpaved 12 IN 6,143 LF 117 $ 716,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 12 IN 5,836 LF 159 $ 930,000 $ Railroad Crossing 48 IN 400 FT 20 $ 384,000 $ 48" casing for 24" pipe Jacking Pits 2 PAIR 40,000 $ 80,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 24 IN 12 EA 13,000 $ 162,000 $ Isolation Valves 12 IN 6 EA 4,000 $ 24,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 16 EA 6,000 $ 99,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 4,500 gpm 923,000 $ 923,000 $ Phase 2 Recycled Water Pipeline Trunk Pipe Paved - Minimal Utilities 16 IN 9,504 LF 152 $ 1,449,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 11,088 LF 174 $ 1,931,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 12 IN 24,816 LF 159 $ 3,956,000 $ Laterals Paved - Minimal Utilities 8 IN 3,100 LF 102 $ 318,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 6 IN 16,900 LF 82 $ 1,390,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 4 IN 8,000 LF 62 $ 496,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 16 IN 7 EA 4,200 $ 29,000 $ Isolation Valves 12 IN 12 EA 4,000 $ 50,000 $ Isolation Valves 8 IN 2 EA 3,000 $ 5,000 $ Isolation Valves 6 IN 8 EA 1,700 $ 14,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 24 EA 6,000 $ 147,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 6,100 gpm 1,143,000 $ 1,143,000 $ Booster Pump Station 810 gpm 250,000 $ 250,000 $ Storage Steel RW Storage Tank 1,000,000 GAL 1 EA 1.12 $ 1,120,000 $ Phase 1 Raw Construction Costs 11,259,000 $ Phase 2 Raw Construction Costs 12,298,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs 23,557,000 $ O&M Costs Item Phase 1 Pumping Distribution O&M Costs 8,657,000 $ 5% 433,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 923,000 $ 15% 138,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 4,027 AFY 907,300 kWh 0.15 $ 136,095 $ Phase1 O&M Costs 707,095 $ Phase 2 Pumping Distribution O&M Costs 9,540,000 $ 5% 477,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 1,143,000 $ 15% 171,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 4,813 AFY 746,400 kWh 0.15 $ 111,960 $ Booster Station Maintenance Costs 250,000 $ 15% 38,000 $ Booster Station Operation Cost 786 AFY 146,000 kWh 0.15 $ 21,900 $ Storage Tank Protective Coating 12% 6,720 $ Tank Cathodic Protection 2% 1,120 $ Phase 2 O&M Costs 827,700 $ Total O&M Costs 1,534,795 $ Project: Aspect: Raw Construction Costs - Alternative A - All Phases Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Water andEnvironment C-11 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Phase 1 Recycled Water Pipeline Trunk Pipe Paved - Minimal Utilities 24 IN 49,104 LF 213 $ 10,478,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 24 IN 5,280 LF 245 $ 1,294,000 $ Laterals Paved - Average Utilities 12 IN 5,836 LF 159 $ 930,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 24 IN 18 EA 13,000 $ 236,000 $ Isolation Valves 12 IN 3 EA 4,000 $ 12,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 20 EA 6,000 $ 120,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 3,821 gpm 789,624 $ 790,000 $ Phase 2 Recycled Water Pipeline Trunk Pipe Paved - Minimal Utilities 24 IN 17,952 LF 213 $ 3,831,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 24 IN 5,280 LF 245 $ 1,294,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 16 IN 5,280 LF 152 $ 805,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 30,624 LF 174 $ 5,332,000 $ Laterals Unpaved 12 IN 6,143 LF 117 $ 716,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 8 IN 4,500 LF 102 $ 461,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 6 IN 16,900 LF 82 $ 1,390,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 4 IN 8,000 LF 62 $ 496,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 24 IN 8 EA 13,000 $ 101,000 $ Isolation Valves 16 IN 12 EA 4,200 $ 50,000 $ Isolation Valves 12 IN 3 EA 4,000 $ 12,000 $ Isolation Valves 6 IN 8 EA 1,700 $ 14,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 32 EA 6,000 $ 189,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 6,780 gpm 1,734,000 $ 1,734,000 $ Booster Station 2,431 gpm 530,000 $ 530,000 $ Storage Steel RW Storage Tank 1,000,000 GAL 1 EA 1.12 $ 1,120,000 $ Phase 1 Raw Construction Costs 13,860,000 $ Phase 2 Raw Construction Costs 18,075,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs 31,935,000 $ Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Alternative B - All Phases Water andEnvironment Water andEnvironment C-12 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Alternative B - All Phases Water andEnvironment Water andEnvironment O&M Costs Item Phase 1 Pumping Distribution O&M Costs 2,224,000 $ 5% 111,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 790,000 $ 15% 119,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 3,548 AFY 259,500 kWh 0.15 $ 38,900 $ Phase 1 O&M Costs 268,900 $ Phase 2 Pumping Distribution O&M Costs 14,325,000 $ 5% 716,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 1,734,000 $ 15% 260,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 4,813 AFY 1,584,300 kWh 0.15 $ 237,600 $ Booster Station Maintenance Costs 530,000 $ 15% 80,000 $ Booster Station Operation Cost 1,265 AFY 231,300 kWh 0.15 $ 34,700 $ Storage Tank Protective Coating 12% 6,720 $ Tank Cathodic Protection 2% 1,120 $ Phase 2 O&M Costs 1,336,140 $ Total O&M Costs 1,605,040 $ C-13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Phase 1 Recycled Water Pipeline Trunk Pipe Unpaved 24 IN LF 171 $ - $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 24 IN 23,232 LF 213 $ 4,957,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 24 IN 35,904 LF 245 $ 8,799,000 $ Laterals Unpaved 12 IN 6,143 LF 117 $ 716,000 $ Paved - Average Utilities 12 IN 5,836 LF 159 $ 930,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 8 IN 4,500 LF 102 $ 461,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 6 IN 16,900 LF 82 $ 1,390,000 $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 4 IN 8,000 LF 62 $ 496,000 $ Railroad Crossing 48 IN 400 FT 20 $ 384,000 $ 48" casing for 24" pipe Jacking Pits 2 PAIR 40,000 $ 80,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 24 IN 20 EA 13,000 $ 256,000 $ Isolation Valves 12 IN 6 EA 4,000 $ 24,000 $ Isolation Valves 8 IN 2 EA 3,000 $ 7,000 $ Isolation Valves 6 IN 8 EA 1,700 $ 14,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 34 EA 6,000 $ 201,000 $ Pumping Pumping at PWRP 10,600 gpm 1,734,000 $ 1,734,000 $ Booster Station 8,500 gpm 1,479,270 $ 1,479,000 $ Storage Steel RW Storage Tank 1,000,000 GAL 1 EA 1.12 $ 1,120,000 $ Phase 2 - N/A Phase 1 Raw Construction Costs 23,048,000 $ Phase 2 Raw Construction Costs - $ Total Raw Construction Costs 23,048,000 $ O&M Costs Item Phase 1 Pumping Distribution O&M Costs 17,749,000 $ 5% 887,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 1,734,000 $ 15% 260,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 4,813 AFY 2,112,400 kWh 0.15 $ 317,000 $ Booster Station Maintenance Costs 1,479,000 $ 15% 222,000 $ Booster Station Operation Cost 4,813 AFY 1,126,600 kWh 0.15 $ 169,000 $ Storage Tank Protective Coating 12% 6,720 $ Tank Cathodic Protection 2% 1,120 $ Phase 1 O&M Costs 1,862,840 $ Phase 2 - N/A Total O&M Costs 1,862,840 $ Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Alternative C - All Phases Water andEnvironment Water andEnvironment Water andEnvironment C-14 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Recycled Water Pipeline Paved - Average Utilities 16 IN 18,883 LF 174 $ 3,288,000 $ Road Intersection Crossing 48 IN 400 FT 20 $ 384,000 $ 48" casing for 24" pipe Jacking Pits 2 PAIR 40,000 $ 80,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 16 IN 6 EA 4,200 $ 26,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 6 EA 6,000 $ 38,000 $ Pumping New Station at Lancaster Booster Station 3,600 gpm 734,000 $ 734,000 $ 4,550,000 $ O&M Costs Item Distribution O&M Costs 3,288,000 $ 5% 164,000 $ Pump Station Maintenance Costs 734,000 $ 15% 110,000 $ Pump Station Operation Cost 2,600 AFY 994,100 kWh 0.15 $ 149,000 $ Total O&M Cost 423,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Lancaster Backbone @ 16" Water and Environment Water and Environment Water and Environment Water and Environment C-15 ---PAGE BREAK--- Date: March 5, 2009 Project Number: 0200-002 Prepared by: A. Schmidt Checked by: R Morrow Estimate Type: Preliminary Planning Check Date: June 9, 2008 Capital Costs Item Size Units Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Notes Recycled Water Pipeline Unpaved 24 IN LF 171 $ - $ Paved - Minimal Utilities 24 IN LF 213 $ - $ Paved - Average Utilities 24 IN 18,883 LF 245 $ 4,628,000 $ Road Intersection Crossing 48 IN 400 FT 20 $ 384,000 $ 48" casing for 24" pipe Jacking Pits 2 PAIR 40,000 $ 80,000 $ Pipe Appurtenances Isolation Valves 24 IN 6 EA 13,000 $ 82,000 $ Air Release Valves 2 IN 6 EA 6,000 $ 38,000 $ Pumping New Station at Lancaster Booster Station 3,600 gpm 734,000 $ 734,000 $ 5,946,000 $ O&M Costs Item Distribution O&M Costs 4,628,000 $ 5% 231,000 $ Booster Station Maintenance Costs 734,000 $ 15% 110,000 $ Booster Station Operation Cost 2,600 AFY 994,100 kWh 0.15 $ 149,000 $ Total O&M Cost 490,000 $ Total Raw Construction Costs Project: Aspect: Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Raw Construction Costs - Lancaster Backbone @ 24" Water and Environment Water and Environment Water and Environment Water and Environment C-16 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix D - Pipeline Unit Cost Estimate Memo ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- February 2008 1 Memorandum Water andEnvironment Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Subject: Cost Estimation Assumptions Prepared For: City of Palmdale Prepared by: Amanda Schmidt, Rob Morrow Reviewed by: Dennis Gellerman Date: March 5, 2009 The purpose of this memo is to develop unit cost estimates for recycled water pipeline construction in the City of Palmdale (City) area for application in the Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan (Plan). The first step to develop unit costs was to review recent bid results for recycled water in California (Table Table 1: Recent Recycled Water Pipeline Bid Results in California Project (Date of Bid) Bid Date Pipe Type Pipe Size Pipe Length (feet) Unit Cost dia/LF)1,2 Comments on Relevance to Palmdale Setting For Large Pipelines 14”) Palo Alto / Mountain View Jun-07 DIP 30” 6,222 $18 More urban setting Jun-07 DIP 24” 12,791 $18 Jun-07 DIP 18” 2,763 $23 Marina Coast Water District Jun-06 DIP 20” 4,790 $9 Similar setting except along Monterey Bay Jun-06 DIP 18” 1,750 $10 Jun-06 DIP 16” 4,790 $10 Lancaster Division Street Apr-06 PVC 16” 21,500 $7 For unpaved alignment Delta Diablo Sanitation District / City of Pittsburg May-07 PVC3 14” 3,716 $11 Industrial setting For Small Pipelines 14”) Palo Alto / Mountain View Jun-07 PVC 12” 4,646 $20 More urban setting Jun-07 PVC 8” 2,184 $24 Jun-07 PVC 6” 5,794 $30 Marina Coast Water District Jun-06 PVC/ DIP 12” 1,750 $16 Similar setting Delta Diablo Sanitation District / City of Pittsburg May-07 PVC 12” 6,409 $16 Industrial setting May-07 PVC 6” 2,213 $28 Hollister Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant Jul-07 PVC 12” 2,555 $18 Similar setting; Higher unit cost for paved alignment vs. unpaved alignment Jul-07 PVC 12” 1,680 $17 Lancaster Division Street Apr-06 PVC3 8” 2,790 $9.50 For unpaved alignment Notes: 1. All bid estimates were escalated to December 2007 ENR Construction Cost Index for Los Angeles (9181.67). 2. Includes contractor overhead and profit. Does not include change orders or traffic control. 3. Bid results were for PVC pipe but cement mortar lined and coated steel pipe was installed due to lower costs. DIP Ductile iron pipe in-dia Pipeline diameter in inches LF Linear feet ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Cost Estimation Assumptions FINAL March 2009 2 The bid results unit costs range by a factor of four so, as a next step, the results were narrowed to those that are more applicable to the Palmdale Area. The Lancaster Division Street Corridor Project (Lancaster), Marina Coast Water District, and Hollister Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant project areas have the most similar settings (low density and rural development) and even these results range by a factor of 2.5 (from $7 to $18/in-dia/LF). The least expensive – but most dated (April 2006) – was the Lancaster project with unit cost of $9.50/in-dia/LF for 8” PVC pipe and $7/in-dia/LF for 16” PVC pipe. The Lancaster project was selected as a base cost for development of cost estimates for the Plan because it is the only local (within the Antelope Valley) bid result. One reason for the Lancaster costs being lower than the other costs is that the Lancaster project was for an unpaved alignment in a rural development setting. The bid results were for PVC pipe but cement mortar lined and coated steel pipe was installed due to lower costs during the construction period. Use of the Lancaster project as the base cost does run the risk of underestimating pipeline construction cost estimates for the Plan because the values are the lowest and most dated bid result. Approach Pipeline construction unit costs were developed for the Plan by adding costs that were not fully accounted for in the estimate were added to the base cost. The base cost is $9.50/in-dia/LF small 14”) pipe and $7/in-dia/LF for large 14”) pipe based on the Lancaster project bid results, as discussed in the previous section. Additional costs that were fully considered include: 1. Paving material and installation for restoration of roadway to City standards 2. Pipeline installation in a more challenging construction setting 3. Traffic control in a more challenging construction setting Unit cost estimates were developed for paving material and installation and pipeline material and installation on a cost per inch-diameter per foot ($/in-dia/LF) basis and for traffic control on a per foot basis. The unit costs are reflected as “installed” cost which includes material and installation costs. The primary reference for unit cost development was 2008 RS Means Heavy Construction Cost Data (Means). The unit costs applied here include an 8.25% sales tax added to bare materials and 8.3% escalation for Los Angeles area prices added to all Means costs. The following sections are a summary of the analysis. Pavement Restoration Unit costs were developed for two different types of road treatment after pipe installation to increase cost estimation accuracy by accounting for installation costs varying by restoration requirements. Table 2 presents the standards. Table 2: Restoration Standards Summary Material Unpaved City Standards Aggregate Base Course 4” thick 12” thick Asphalt Concrete (AC) Pavement No repaving 5” thick Paving material and installation unit costs were defined through the following approach: 1. Unit costs for pavement restoration were assumed to be $9 per square foot (sf) based on City estimates. 2. A trench width of 24” for “small” pipes 14”) and 36” for “large pipes 14”) was assumed based on City estimates. ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Cost Estimation Assumptions FINAL March 2009 3 3. Then the unit cost per LF was calculated by multiplying the two assumptions together, resulting in $18/LF for small pipe and $27/LF for large pipe Pipeline Installation Unit costs were developed to account for the additional time (and related cost) required to install pipelines in settings with more obstacles, such as utilities, than the unpaved rural setting of the base cost. Actual pipe installation footage results can vary based on a variety of factors. For this estimate, linear footage progress estimates were developed based on professional experience. The footage, unit costs and average linear progression are shown in Table 3. 1. Daily crew costs to install cement coated ductile iron pipe from Means was $2,111 and the average daily progression for 24” pipe is 47 LF/day and 114 LF/day for 10” pipe. The daily crew cost per linear foot for unpaved setting would be $45/LF for 24” (large) pipe and $18/LF for 10” (small) pipe. 2. It is assumed the average progression per day would be the progression for an unpaved roadway. Crew costs for minimum standards and engineering standards were developed proportionally to the daily construction progression. Daily crew costs to install pipe in paved settings with minimal and average obstacles (particularly utilities) were calculated by multiplying the ratio of unpaved to minimum or average obstacles installation progress 3. The incremental cost for minimal and average obstacles above unpaved setting was then calculated to derive an incremental cost per linear foot. Then the cost per linear foot was divided by the “typical” small pipe (10”) and large pipe (24”) to derive the incremental unit cost to install pipe in a setting with increased obstacles. Table 3: Pipeline Installation Unit Cost Calculations Restoration Installation Progress Crew Cost Incremental Unit Cost Crew Cost Incremental Unit Cost $/LF $/in- dia/LF $/LF $/in- dia/LF (LF/day) Ratio Small Pipe 14”) Large Pipe 14”) Unpaved 200 $18.52 $44.91 Minimal Utilities 150 1.33 $24.69 $6.17 $0.62 $59.89 $14.97 $0.62 Average Utilities 100 2.00 $27.78 $18.52 $1.85 $67.37 $44.91 $1.87 Traffic Control Costs Unit costs per LF were developed to account for the additional time (and related cost) required to install pipelines in settings with more obstacles, such as utilities, than the unpaved rural setting of the base cost. Installation progress assumptions were discussed in the previous section 1. Based on professional experience, the average crew needed for traffic control includes two flaggers. Means unit costs for a laborer is $262/day. Equipment needs were not considered for this estimate. 2. To obtain the traffic control cost per restoration condition, the traffic control crew cost is divided by the construction progression ($524/day ÷ 200 LF/day = $2.62/LF). ---PAGE BREAK--- Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Cost Estimation Assumptions FINAL March 2009 4 Table 4: Traffic Control Cost Assumptions Restoration Description Installation Progress (LF/day) Traffic Control Costs Unpaved Minimal traffic control 200 $2.50 Minimal Utilities Minor traffic control 150 $3.50 Average Utilities Substantial traffic control 100 $5.20 Summary The unit costs for paving and aggregate materials and pipe installation, labor & equipment are added to the unpaved Lancaster unit cost. The unit costs per in-dia/LF are summarized in Table 5 and unit costs per LF are summarized in Table 6. Table 5: Pipeline Installation Unit Cost per Pipe Diameter & Length ($/in-dia/LF) Summary Restoration Small Pipe 14”) ($/in-dia/LF) Large Pipe 14”) ($/in-dia/LF) Unpaved $9.50 $7.00 Minimal Utilities Pipe Installation $0.62 $0.62 Total for Minimal Utilities $10.12 $7.62 Average Utilities Pipe Installation $1.85 $1.87 Total for Average Utilities $11.35 $8.87 Table 6: Pipeline Installation Unit Cost per Length Summary Restoration Small Pipe 14”) Large Pipe 14”) Unpaved Traffic Control $2.60 $2.60 Pavement Restoration $18 $27 Total for Unpaved $20.60 $29.60 Minimal Utilities Traffic Control $3.50 $3.50 Pavement Restoration $18 $27 Total for Minimal Utilities $21.50 $30.50 Average Utilities Traffic Control $5.20 $5.20 Pavement Restoration $18 $27 Total for Average Utilities $23.20 $32.20 Figure D-1 presents construction setting assumptions for the alternative alignments. ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix E - Project Financing Projections ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix E - Project Financing Projections 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Costs Capital Costs Total Project Capital Costs $27,958,000 (Sep 2007$) Escalated Project Capital Costs $30,838,000 (Escalated @ 4%/yr to construction mid-point in early 2010) Existing Capital Funds Waterworks Fees $4,000,000 (1/2 of approximately $8M available) LACSD Settlement $2,300,000 (1/2 of available funds) Existing Capital Funds Subtotal $6,300,000 Capital Costs to be Financed $24,538,000 (2010$) $22,790,000 (Sep 2007$) Annual Costs O&M (Escalated @ $707,100 (Sep 2007$) 827,200 $ 860,300 $ 894,700 $ 930,500 $ 967,700 $ 1,006,400 $ 1,046,700 $ 1,088,500 $ 1,132,100 $ 1,177,400 $ Debt Service 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ Debt Service Reserve 10%) 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ Total Annualized Costs 2,813,800 $ 2,846,900 $ 2,881,300 $ 2,917,100 $ 2,954,300 $ 2,993,000 $ 3,033,300 $ 3,075,100 $ 3,118,700 $ 3,164,000 $ Revenues Non-PHPP Non-PHPP Recycled Water Demands (af) 727 727 727 727 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 Non-PHPP Unit Cost $349 80% $314 $323 $333 $343 $353 $364 $375 $386 $398 $409 Non-PHPP Sales Revenue $20,384,400 $228,100 $235,000 $242,000 $249,300 $504,000 $519,100 $534,700 $550,700 $567,200 $584,300 Revenue Shortfall 2,585,700 $ 2,611,900 $ 2,639,300 $ 2,667,800 $ 2,450,300 $ 2,473,900 $ 2,498,600 $ 2,524,400 $ 2,551,500 $ 2,579,700 $ $0.23 $0.24 $0.24 Minimum PHPP Revenues PHPP Demands (af) Avg Max 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 Minimum Unit Cost for PHPP Recycled Water $842 $1,130 $990 $1,000 $1,020 $1,030 $940 $950 $960 $970 $980 $990 Present Value Minimum Unit Cost $529 $880 $880 $860 $850 $840 $740 $730 $710 $700 $690 $670 or Minimum PHPP Capital Funding $22,790,000 Present Value of Non-PHPP Sales Revenue $11,154,783 (2011-2040 Sum) $202,664 $202,713 $202,671 $202,704 $397,862 $397,847 $397,867 $397,837 $397,823 $397,880 Capital Funding Needed from PHPP $11,635,217 Page 1 of 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix E - Project Financing Projections Costs Capital Costs Total Project Capital Costs Escalated Project Capital Costs Existing Capital Funds Waterworks Fees LACSD Settlement Existing Capital Funds Subtotal Capital Costs to be Financed Annual Costs O&M (Escalated @ Debt Service Debt Service Reserve 10%) Total Annualized Costs Revenues Non-PHPP Non-PHPP Recycled Water Demands (af) Non-PHPP Unit Cost Non-PHPP Sales Revenue Revenue Shortfall Minimum PHPP Revenues PHPP Demands (af) Minimum Unit Cost for PHPP Recycled Water Present Value Minimum Unit Cost or Minimum PHPP Capital Funding Present Value of Non-PHPP Sales Revenue Capital Funding Needed from PHPP 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 1,224,500 $ 1,273,400 $ 1,324,400 $ 1,377,400 $ 1,432,500 $ 1,489,800 $ 1,549,300 $ 1,611,300 $ 1,675,800 $ 1,742,800 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 1,806,000 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 180,600 $ 3,211,100 $ 3,260,000 $ 3,311,000 $ 3,364,000 $ 3,419,100 $ 3,476,400 $ 3,535,900 $ 3,597,900 $ 3,662,400 $ 3,729,400 $ 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 $422 $434 $447 $461 $475 $489 $504 $519 $534 $550 $601,800 $619,800 $638,400 $657,600 $677,300 $697,600 $718,600 $740,100 $762,300 $785,200 2,609,300 $ 2,640,200 $ 2,672,600 $ 2,706,400 $ 2,741,800 $ 2,778,800 $ 2,817,300 $ 2,857,800 $ 2,900,100 $ 2,944,200 $ 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 $1,000 $1,020 $1,030 $1,040 $1,050 $1,070 $1,080 $1,100 $1,120 $1,130 $660 $650 $640 $630 $620 $610 $600 $590 $580 $570 $397,861 $397,826 $397,830 $397,859 $397,842 $397,832 $397,871 $397,840 $397,839 $397,854 Page 2 of 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix E - Project Financing Projections Costs Capital Costs Total Project Capital Costs Escalated Project Capital Costs Existing Capital Funds Waterworks Fees LACSD Settlement Existing Capital Funds Subtotal Capital Costs to be Financed Annual Costs O&M (Escalated @ Debt Service Debt Service Reserve 10%) Total Annualized Costs Revenues Non-PHPP Non-PHPP Recycled Water Demands (af) Non-PHPP Unit Cost Non-PHPP Sales Revenue Revenue Shortfall Minimum PHPP Revenues PHPP Demands (af) Minimum Unit Cost for PHPP Recycled Water Present Value Minimum Unit Cost or Minimum PHPP Capital Funding Present Value of Non-PHPP Sales Revenue Capital Funding Needed from PHPP 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 1,812,500 $ 1,885,000 $ 1,960,400 $ 2,038,800 $ 2,120,400 $ 2,205,200 $ 2,293,400 $ 2,385,100 $ 2,480,500 $ 2,579,800 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,812,500 $ 1,885,000 $ 1,960,400 $ 2,038,800 $ 2,120,400 $ 2,205,200 $ 2,293,400 $ 2,385,100 $ 2,480,500 $ 2,579,800 $ 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 1,427 $567 $584 $601 $619 $638 $657 $677 $697 $718 $739 $808,700 $833,000 $858,000 $883,700 $910,200 $937,600 $965,700 $994,700 $1,024,500 $1,055,200 1,003,800 $ 1,052,000 $ 1,102,400 $ 1,155,100 $ 1,210,200 $ 1,267,600 $ 1,327,700 $ 1,390,400 $ 1,456,000 $ 1,524,600 $ 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 2,600 $390 $400 $420 $440 $470 $490 $510 $530 $560 $590 $190 $190 $190 $200 $210 $210 $210 $210 $220 $220 $397,827 $397,845 $397,850 $397,832 $397,827 $397,867 $397,856 $397,867 $397,851 $397,838 Page 3 of 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix F - City of Lancaster Recycled Water Use Ordinance ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix G - LACSD Recycled Water Users Handbook – District’ Nos. 14 and 20 (Please see DVD insert) ---PAGE BREAK--- SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY Recycled Water Users Handbook Joint Outfall System and Santa Clarita Valley Sanitation District July 1, 2008 ---PAGE BREAK--- County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook District Nos. 14 and 20 JULY 2008 ---PAGE BREAK--- TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF LIST OF ATTACHMENTS 1 2 Background on the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County 2.1 Wastewater Management 2.2 Joint Outfall System (JOS) 2.3 Santa Clarita and Antelope Valleys 3 Recycled Water Reuse 3.1 Recycled Water Treatment Process 3.1.1 Primary Treatment 3.1.2 Secondary 3.1.3 Tertiary 3.2 Allowed 3.3 State and Local Standards, Regulations and 4 Duties and 4.1 Complying with Regulations 4.2 Obtaining Permission to Use Recycled 4.2.1 User 4.2.2 User 4.2.3 Recycled Water System Operation 4.2.4 Emergency Cross-Connection Response 4.2.5 Plans and 4.2.6 Engineering Report 4.2.7 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) 4.2.8 Project Start-up DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 2 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.2.9 Designating a Site Supervisor 4.2.10 Participating in 4.3 Familiarity with On-Site Recycled Water System and 4.4 Cross-Connection Testing and Backflow Prevention 4.5 Site 4.6 Corrective 4.7 Notifications and 4.7.1 Public 4.7.2 Spills or Unauthorized Discharges of Recycled Water 4.7.3 Non-compliance with 4.7.4 Site 4.7.5 Changes at the Reuse 4.7.6 Change in Site Supervisor 4.7.7 Information for Contractors Using Recycled Water 4.7.8 Monitoring and Reporting 4.8 Record Keeping 5 Reuse Websites and 6 Glossary of Terms DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 3 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Tab 1 Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users. Tab 2 Agency Contacts. Tab 3 Excerpts of California Department of Public Health Regulations – California Code of Regulations, Titles 22 and 17. Tab 4 Districts’ Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board Water Recycling Permits. Tab 5 Districts’ Ordinances Providing for the Establishment and Enforcement of Regulations Pursuant to Water Recycling Requirements for Recycled Water Users. Tab 6 Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Forms and Guidelines Tab 7 User Application Form Tab 8 Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan Tab 9 Districts’ Site Inspection Report Form Tab 10 Recycled Water Spill Report Form Tab 11 Recycled Water Site Contact Information Form DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 4 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1. Introduction Recycled water is safe and cost effective for use but there are common sense rules that need to be followed for the protection of public health and compliance with regulations. This Recycled Water Users Handbook (Handbook) has been prepared to provide information on the general rules, regulations, and guidelines regarding the safe use of tertiary recycled water produced by the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Districts) for projects within the Antelope Valley. The Handbook complements the Requirements for Recycled Water Users for Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20, which is provided in Tab 1. The Handbook includes: • General information about the Districts’ water reuse program. • State and local standards, regulations and guidelines for the use of recycled water. • Information on the duties and responsibilities of water purveyors and recycled water users. • Information on operational requirements at reuse sites. • Information on notification and reporting. The Handbook should be used along with the Los Angeles Chapter of the California Water Reuse Association’s Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User's Manual, which has more detailed information on water recycling. The Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User’s Manual is available at: http://www.watereuse.org/ca/pdf/RecycledWaterUserManual.pdf. A list of important agency contacts for recycled water use is provided in Tab 2. 2. Background on the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County The Districts provide environmentally sound, cost-effective wastewater and solid waste management and in doing so, take what others had thought of as waste and turn it into resources such as recycled water, energy, and recycled materials. The Districts are a partnership of 24 independent special districts (Sanitation Districts) serving over five million people in Los Angeles County, California (County). The Districts’ service area covers approximately 800 square miles and encompasses 78 cities and unincorporated territory within the County. The Districts construct, operate, and maintain facilities to collect, treat, recycle, and dispose of wastewater and industrial wastes. Individual Sanitation Districts operate and maintain their own portions of the collection system. The Districts also provide for the management of solid wastes including disposal, transfer operations, materials recovery, and energy recovery. Local jurisdictions are responsible for the collection of wastewater through local sewers and the collection of solid waste. The 24 Sanitation Districts work cooperatively under a Joint Administration Agreement with one administrative staff headquartered near the City of Whittier. Each Sanitation District has a separate Board of Directors consisting of the mayor of each city within that Sanitation District and the Chair of the Board of Supervisors for County unincorporated territory. Each Sanitation District pays its proportionate share of joint administrative costs. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 5 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2.1 Wastewater Management System The Districts’ 1,300 miles of main trunk sewers and 11 wastewater treatment plants convey and treat over 500 million gallons per day (mgd) of which approximately 200 mgd are available for reuse in the dry Southern California climate. More information on the Districts’ wastewater management system is available at: http://www.lacsd.org/about/wastewater_facilities/moresanj/default.asp. 2.2 Joint Outfall System (JOS) Seventeen of the Sanitation Districts that provide sewerage services in the metropolitan Los Angeles area south of the San Gabriel Mountains are signatory to a Joint Outfall Agreement that provides for operation and maintenance of a regional, interconnected system of facilities known as the JOS. The service area of the JOS encompasses 73 cities and unincorporated territory, and includes some areas within the City of Los Angeles and Orange and San Bernardino counties. The JOS system provides wastewater collection, treatment, reuse, and disposal for residential, commercial, and industrial users and operates the following treatment plants: • The Joint Water Pollution Control Plant in the City of Carson. • The La Cañada Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) in the City of La Cañada Flintridge. • The Long Beach WRP in the City of Long Beach. • The Los Coyotes WRP in the City of Cerritos. • The Pomona WRP in the City of Pomona. • The San Jose Creek WRP adjacent to the City of Industry. • The Whittier Narrows WRP near the City of South El Monte. In addition, the system includes trunk sewers and pumping stations that convey sewage from member cities' local sewers to the Districts' treatment plants. Sanitation District No. 2 acts as the agent for the other signatory Sanitation Districts in administering the Joint Outfall Agreement. 2.3 Santa Clarita and Antelope Valleys The Santa Clarita Valley Sanitation District service area encompasses the City of Santa Clarita and unincorporated territory and operates the Saugus and Valencia WRPs. Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 service areas are in the Antelope Valley. Sanitation District No. 14 serves the City of Lancaster, parts of the City of Palmdale and unincorporated territory and operates the Lancaster WRP. Sanitation District No. 20 serves the City of Palmdale and unincorporated territory and operates the Palmdale WRP. 3. Recycled Water Reuse Water recycling is very important in arid Southern California where water must be imported from other parts of the state. The goal of the Districts is to recycle as much water from its treatment plants as possible to meet the region’s water needs. The Districts are pioneers in using DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 6 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- recycled water with projects launched beginning in 1962. Recycled water is used at more than 500 sites throughout the Districts’ service area. Uses include landscape irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial processing, recreational impoundments, wildlife habitat maintenance, and groundwater replenishment. The actual amount of water reused and the percentages for specific applications vary from year to year depending on annual rainfall and other factors. More information on the Districts’ recycled water program, specific uses and reuse volumes is available at: http://www.lacsd.org/info/water_reuse/default.asp. This Handbook is for anyone who obtains and/or uses tertiary recycled water for allowed reuse applications within the Antelope Valley. Tertiary recycled water undergoes treatment to meet standards established by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region (Lahontan 3.1 Recycled Water Treatment Process A water reclamation plant is just like a natural river but in a concrete box. First, materials settle to the bottom (primary treatment). Second, microbes use air to breath while they eat up organic material, then the microbes settle out (secondary treatment). Third, material such as sand and coal filter out leftover particles (tertiary treatment) like sand in the bottom of a river. 3.1.1 Primary Treatment Just as in nature, when runoff first enters a river, heavier solid particles settle to the bottom while lighter materials float to the top and are carried away. At the treatment plants, long concrete tanks replace the river. The heavier solids, which settle to the bottom, and the lighter materials, like plastic and grease, which float to the top, are called primary sludge. The primary sludge is removed or returned to the sewers for further treatment. The remaining wastewater containing dissolved and suspended materials (mostly organic) moves to the second phase of treatment in aeration tanks and secondary settling basins. 3.1.2 Secondary Treatment As dirty water in a river flows naturally occurring microorganisms feed on the dissolved organic materials. As the river flows oxygen naturally enters the water so the organisms can breathe. In the secondary treatment aeration tanks of the treatment plants, air is bubbled through the water to supply the oxygen. The same microorganisms in the wastewater grow as they feed on the organic materials in these tanks. In the secondary treatment settling tanks, the microorganisms clump together and settle to the bottom, where they are removed and some are recycled back into the treatment process. 3.1.3 Tertiary Treatment Finally, in a natural river, the clean water soaks into the ground beneath the river and joins the underground water supply. The ground is replaced at the water reclamation plants by filters, which remove any remaining suspended materials from the water. Typically, the filters contain layers of anthracite coal, sand, and gravel. The recycled water is then disinfected. It is now free of pathogens such as harmful bacteria and viruses and safe for human contact, recharging groundwater, and for a wide variety of other uses. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 7 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.2 Allowed Uses Recycled water has been proven to be a safe source of water for many different kinds of reuse applications. Because of its high level of treatment, tertiary recycled water can be used for a broad category of reuse applications as listed below. However, it is important to remember that each water recycling permit issued to the Districts by the Lahontan spell outs the specific uses that are approved for the recycled water produced at each treatment plant. So, it is important to check with the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator at 877-REUSE-83 (877-738- 7383) or [EMAIL REDACTED] to find out which uses are allowed in your area. Uses of Tertiary Recycled Water in California Irrigation: • Food crops • Parks and playgrounds • School yards • Residential landscaping • Golf courses • Cemeteries • Freeway landscaping • Ornamental nurseries • Pasture for milk animals • Orchards • Vineyards • Fodder and fiber crops Supply for Impoundments: • Recreational impoundments • Landscape impoundments Supply for Cooling and Air Conditioning • Industrial cooling towers and evaporative condensers • Commercial cooling towers and evaporative condensers Other Uses: • Groundwater recharge (case-by-case basis) • Flushing toilets and urinals • Priming drain traps • Industrial processing • Industrial boiler feed • Fire fighting • Decorative fountains • Commercial laundries • Consolidation of backfill material around pipelines • Artificial snow making • Commercial car washes DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 8 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- • Soil compaction • Mixing concrete • Dust control on roads and streets • Cleaning roads, sidewalks and outdoor work areas • Flushing sanitary sewers 3.3 State and Local Standards, Regulations and Guidelines Regulatory agencies have adopted requirements that must be followed when producing, distributing or using recycled water. • The CDPH has adopted strict public health and safety requirements and guidelines to help protect the public from any potential risk associated with recycled water. These requirements include Title 17 and Title 22 of the California Code of Regulations, which can be viewed online at the CDPH web site (look for The Purple Book and other updates) at: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/environhealth/water/Pages/Waterrecycling.aspx. Key excerpts are provided in Tab 3 of this Handbook, including the Water Recycling Criteria that establish specific requirements for allowed uses of recycled water. • Recycled water is also regulated by the State Water Resources Control Board, which oversees the production, conveyance and use of recycled water through its nine in California. The Lahontan issues permits to the Districts for the use of recycled water in the Antelope Valley. Copies of these recycling water permits are provided in Tab 4. • The Districts have adopted Ordinances and Requirements for Recycled Water Users. Anyone who obtains and/or uses recycled water needs to make sure that the use meets all regulations and complies with the conditions in water recycling permits issued to the Districts by the Lahontan and with the Districts’ Ordinances and Requirements for Recycled Water Users. The Requirements for Recycled Water Users contain rules on what can and cannot be done with recycled water, how to obtain permission to use recycled water, how to operate and manage sites, information on site inspections and site access, corrective actions, notification and reporting, and record keeping. A copy of the Requirements for Recycled Water Users is provided in Tab 1. Copies of the Ordinances are provided in Tab 5. • The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) has guidelines and inspection requirements for the use of recycled water, which are provided in Tab 6. 4. Duties and Responsibilities 4.1 Complying with Regulations It is important for anyone who obtains and/or uses recycled water to be familiar with all of the relevant regulatory and permitting requirements and to take all necessary steps to comply with those requirements. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 9 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.2 Obtaining Permission to Use Recycled Water The step-by-step process for obtaining permission to use recycled water is included in the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 1, Section 5.5 and Tables 1 and One process (Table 1) is intended for anyone who receives recycled water directly from the Districts and the other process (Table 2) is intended for anyone who receives recycled water from a water purveyor. Each process shows the agencies you will interact with, the documents that must be completed, and who must receive these documents. 4.2.1 User Agreement Anyone who directly obtains recycled water from the Districts must enter into a User Agreement for the use of recycled water or an amendment to an existing Agreement with Sanitation District No.14 or/and District No. 20 depending on the location of the reuse project (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.5). For users who obtain recycled water from the Districts through a water purveyor, the water purveyor must enter into a User Agreement or an amendment to an existing User Agreement with Sanitation District No.14 or/and District No. 20 depending on the location of the reuse project. 4.2.2 User Application Once a User Agreement has been acquired, the next step is to fill out and send a User Application Form (Application) to the Districts (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.5). The Application is provided in Tab 7. Anyone who directly obtains recycled water from the Districts must fill out the Application. If you obtain water from a water purveyor, you will be responsible for completing the water purveyor’s application process for receiving recycled water. In this case, the water purveyor is responsible for filling out the Districts’ Application and submitting it to the Districts. The Districts will verify the information in the Application and send a letter or email conditionally approving the project. The approval is conditional until all of the regulatory steps will have been completed. The Districts’ conditional approval letter or email will include instructions on the conditions under which recycled water use can begin, and the monitoring and reporting information you will need to provide to the Districts on a routine basis (also see the Section 4.8, Record Keeping). To fill out the Application you will need information on the reuse site(s), uses of the recycled water, staffing and training, design plans and specifications, operational and best management practices, and backflow prevention measures. 4.2.3 Recycled Water System Operation Manual As part of the Application, you are asked to prepare a Recycled Water System Operations Manual (Operations Manual; see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.5). If the Operations Manual cannot be provided with the Application, then you will need to indicate the date it will be submitted. The Operations Manual should provide a description or a checklist of how the reuse site will be operated and maintained to comply with the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 1, Sections 5 - DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 10 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.2.4 Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan As part of the Application, you are also asked to prepare an Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan (Cross-Connection Response Plan) should cross-connections between the recycled water and potable water systems occur (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.5). If the Cross-Connection Response Plan cannot be provided with the Application, then you will need to indicate the date it will be submitted. The Cross-Connection Response Plan should provide a narrative description or a checklist of how you will comply with the guidelines established by the LACDPH. The LACDPH guidelines are provided in Tab 6. A form you could use to prepare the Cross-Connection Response Plan is provided in Tab 8. 4.2.5 Plans and Specifications Detailed plans and specifications for the recycled water system and connections to the potable water system must be given to, and approved by, LACDPH (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.5). 4.2.6 Engineering Report Prior to approval of a reuse project, it is important to make sure that an Engineering Report has been sent to the Lahontan and the CDPH, and that the Districts receive a copy (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Tables 1 and The Engineering Report describes the manner by which a project will comply with the Water Recycling Criteria. The Lahontan and CDPH determine if the report is complete and the start date for recycled water deliveries. The Engineering Reports are typically prepared by the water purveyor or in some cases by the user; the Districts will contribute information on the treatment plants. Please check with your purveyor on the status of the Engineering Report for your project. For projects with an existing Engineering Report that are adding new sites or uses, the existing Engineering Report needs to be amended. The amendment must be submitted to the Lahontan and the CDPH. Guidelines for preparing an engineering report can be found at the CDPH website: http://www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Documents/Recharge/ERGUIDE2001.PDF 4.2.7 California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Prior to approval of the reuse project, it is also important to make sure that all the CEQA requirements have been met for your project (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 1, Tables 1 and The agency responsible for completing the CEQA process will typically be the water purveyor or in some cases the Districts. As part of the CEQA process, a Negative Declaration, Mitigated Negative Declaration, or Environmental Impact Report (EIR) must be completed. For more information on CEQA requirements, go to the website at: http://www.ceres.ca.gov/ceqa/. 4.2.8 Project Start-up Once a project has cleared all of its Lahontan CDPH, LACDPH, and CEQA obligations, and the water purveyor, or direct user, has notified the Districts that these obligations have been met, a project can begin (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Tables 1 and If you receive recycled water directly from the Districts, the date of delivery will be arranged with the Districts. If you receive recycled water from a water purveyor, then the delivery date will be arranged with the water purveyor. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 11 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- The actual date for recycled water delivery will also depend upon completing the User Agreement or amendment with the Districts, and completing the Districts’ User Application by: • Providing proof that the Site Supervisor and all personnel have received training. • Submitting the Recycled Water System Operations Manual. • Submitting the Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan. • Submitting other information indicated in the Districts’ conditional approval letter. 4.2.9 Designating a Site Supervisor Each reuse site must have a designated Site Supervisor (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.6). This person is responsible for: • The proper installation, operation, and maintenance of the recycled water system and all backflow prevention devices on the potable water system; • Compliance with all requirements in the Districts’ water recycling permits issued by the Lahontan applicable laws and regulations, CDPH and LACDPH guidelines, and the Districts’ Ordinances and Requirements for Recycled Water Users; • Preventing potential hazards; • Coordinating with the cross connection control program; • Preserving the recycled water system design drawings in "as built" form. The Site Supervisor should be someone who is knowledgeable about recycled water practices and the on-site recycled water and potable water plumbing system, and has the authority to make sure that operations personnel and contractors comply with all requirements and regulations. The Site Supervisor is the primary means for ensuring the safe and appropriate use of recycled water at the reuse site, and is the 24-hour contact person for the reuse site. 4.2.10 Participating in Training The Site Supervisor and operations personnel must receive appropriate training to assure proper operation of recycling facilities, worker protection, and that the reuse site meets all applicable requirements and regulations (see Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Section 5.6). The Districts will provide the required training. Your water purveyor may also provide training, and there may also be training classes offered in the area. Please contact the Districts’ Recycled Water Coordinator for information on training opportunities. 4.3 Familiarity with On-Site Recycled Water System and Regulations Each Site Supervisor must be familiar with the entire on-site recycled water system and with the applicable requirements and regulations. There are specific provisions in the Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 1, Sections 5 - 9) that must be followed when installing and operating a recycled water system. The LACDPH may have additional requirements that will be discussed during their required pre-construction meeting. Some general practices to follow are: Do’s: • Install and maintain signs at all points of entry (pedestrian and vehicular). • Install and maintain labels and tags on recycled water and potable water systems. • Educate/train site workers on the safe use and restrictions of recycled water. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 12 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- • Implement best management practices for the protection of public health and the environment. • Operate the irrigation system: o Between 10 p.m. – 6 a.m. if automatically controlled (unless other restrictions apply). o At other times, if manually controlled and supervised (someone present) to make sure the recycled water doesn’t come in contact with the public. o At any time, if public access to the reuse site is restricted. • Prevent runoff from the reuse sites due to overspray from sprinklers, overflow of ponds that contain recycled water, over watering, or broken sprinklers or irrigation lines. • Quickly repair any breaks in recycled water irrigation or distribution lines and broken sprinklers. • Use quick couplers instead of hose bibbs. • Thoroughly wash tools used for the recycled water system before using them for the potable water system. • Contact the Districts if any water system (recycled or potable) modifications are anticipated. • Be familiar with all of the notification requirements if any of the following has occurred: o A recycled water line break, spill, or off-site discharge of recycled water. o A non-compliance with the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users or recycled water permits. o A cross-connection between the recycled water and potable water systems. o Any safety or health issues. • Assist and cooperate during periodic inspections conducted by the Districts or your water purveyor. • Schedule all required backflow prevention and cross-connection testing. • Assist and cooperate during periodic backflow prevention and cross-connection testing. • Develop an Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan. • Keep records and as-built drawings up-to-date and accessible. • Submit all required information and reports. Don’ts: • Don’t drink recycled water. • Don’t use recycled water to wash hands or any other part of the body. • Don’t cross-connect two dissimilar water systems (recycled to potable). • Don’t allow recycled water to contact drinking fountains or eating areas. • Don’t allow recycled water to pond or puddle. • Don’t use recycled water on an unauthorized site. • Don’t remove recycled water identification signs, tags or labels. • Don’t put hose bibbs on recycled water systems (unless public access is restricted). • Don’t use the same equipment on both recycled water and potable water systems (for example, quick couplers, etc.) • Don’t significantly modify any recycled water system without prior approval of the Districts, your water purveyor, and LACDPH. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 13 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.4 Cross-Connection Testing and Backflow Prevention A major concern when recycled water is used on sites served with potable water is a cross- connection. A cross-connection is any actual or potential connection between the recycled water and potable water systems not separated by the protection of an approved air-gap backflow prevention device. There are specific requirements for backflow prevention in the CDPH regulations (see Tab The Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users also include cross-connection and backflow prevention requirements (Tab 1, Section 5.6). Anyone who obtains and/or uses tertiary recycled water must be sure that an initial and final cross-connection test is conducted based on the requirements set by the LACDPH (see Tab 6) prior to connecting to the recycled water distribution system. This involves submitting a Cross- Connection Plan Approval Application to LACDPH, and conducting the testing in the presence of your water purveyor and the LACDPH utilizing a specialist who has been certified by the American Water Works Association or a group with equivalent certification requirements. Follow-up cross-connection testing should be conducted when significant modifications have been made to the recycled water system or potable water system, or if problems are discovered during visual site inspections. LACDPH follows the following protocol for cross-connection testing. First, the recycled water system is completely drained and the system is not used for a period of time determined by LACDPH – this is called the shutdown period. At the end of the shutdown period, all of the recycled water devices or stations are checked for flow and then the recycled water inlet is checked for backpressure or significant backflow. The potable water system is then shut down and drained, and not used for a period of time determined by LACDPH. At the end of this shutdown period, all of the potable water fixtures are operated and tested for flow, after which the potable water inlet is tested for pressure or significant backflow of water. If there are no cross-connections, the recycled water system and potable water system are reactivated. A temporary potable water source with backflow prevention is required for all testing and flushing of the recycled and potable water systems prior to final project approval All approved backflow prevention devices must be maintained and inspected annually. This is typically done using a pressure test to verify physical separation between the recycled water and potable water systems. Dye tests can also be used. The inspections should be conducted by a person who has been recommended by the LACDPH or your water purveyor. 4.5 Site Inspections Each reuse site must be inspected periodically by the water purveyor. The purpose of the site inspection is to make sure the reuse site is in compliance with all requirements and regulations. Site inspections must take place at least once every three years per site or more frequently if requested by the Districts. To help with inspection coordination, your water purveyor must email or fax the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator at least one week prior to conducting a site inspection. In addition to the purveyors, the Districts will also conduct periodic inspections. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 14 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- A site inspection report must be filled out for each inspection. Tab 9 includes a sample Site Inspection Report Form, which will be used by the Districts. The site inspection report must be signed by the Site Supervisor and the inspector, with copies provided to the Districts within 30 days following the end of the quarter in which the inspection was conducted. The Site Supervisor must also keep copies of the inspection reports. If an inspector finds a non-compliance condition, the Site Supervisor must be notified immediately. The Site Supervisor must immediately take corrective actions as described in Section 4.6, Corrective Actions. If non-compliance conditions are found during a Districts’ site inspection, they will be noted on the Districts’ site inspection form with required follow-up actions and compliance dates. It is important to document in the site inspection report what has been done to correct the problem and when this occurred. Site Inspection requirements are specified in Section 6 of the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 4.6 Corrective Action If during an inspection an inspector finds a non-compliance condition, or a user discovers a non- compliance condition during routine operations, the Site Supervisor must be notified immediately. The Site Supervisor must immediately take corrective actions and notify the Districts by phone, fax, or email of the non-compliant condition. The Site Supervisor must also provide written verification to the Districts within three business days from the date of confirmation of the non-compliance. The water purveyor must verify the corrective actions and provide written verification to the Districts as described below in Section 4.7, Notifications and Reporting. Corrective action requirements are specified in Section 7 of the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 4.7 Notifications and Reporting The Site Supervisor is responsible for reporting specific information to the Districts – in some cases this must be done immediately and requires follow-up information in writing. Notification and reporting requirements are specified in Section 8 of the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab Notifications and reporting to the Districts are required for the following types of situations: 4.7.1 Public Health 1. If you become aware of a complaint concerning recycled water use that may involve illness. 2. If the potable water system has been contaminated due to a cross-connection with the recycled water system (the Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan must be immediately activated). Action for Nos. 1 and 2 – Immediately, but not later than two hours, notify the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator by telephone at 877-REUSE-83, and the Lahontan CDPH, and LACDPH by telephone, email or fax after you are aware of the complaint. See Tab 2 for agency contact information. You must also provide written confirmation within three business days to each agency. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 15 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.7.2 Spills or Unauthorized Discharges of Recycled Water 1. Any spill or unauthorized discharge of more than 50,000 gallons of tertiary recycled water. Action – Immediately, but no later than two hours, notify the Districts by telephone at (866) 484-1224 (this is the spill hotline), and the Lahontan CDPH, and LACDPH by telephone, email, or fax after you are aware of the spill or unauthorized discharge. See Tab 2 for agency contact information. You must provide information on the date and time the spill began and ended, the location of the spill, if the spill entered a storm drain or receiving water, the estimated volume or flow if the spill is ongoing, the estimated time of repair, the cause of the spill, the agencies involved with repair and clean-up, and the corrective actions taken, or the plans for corrective actions. You must also provide written confirmation within three business days to each agency. A recycled water spill notification form to report spills or unauthorized discharges is provided in Tab 10. 2. Any recycled water leaving the site – this is considered to be a spill if it is more than a minor amount of recycled water that occurred due to overspray or over watering, minor breaks in the recycled water irrigation or distribution system, or broken sprinklers. Action – Immediately, but no later than two hours notify the Districts by telephone at [PHONE REDACTED] (this is the spill hotline) after you are aware of the spill. You should provide information on the date and time the spill began and ended, the location of the spill, if the spill entered a storm drain or receiving water, the estimated volume or flow if the spill is ongoing, the estimated time of repair, the cause of the spill, the agencies involved with repair and clean-up, and the corrective actions taken, or the plans for corrective actions. You must also provide written confirmation within three business days to the Districts. A recycled water spill notification form to report spills or unauthorized discharges is provided in Tab 10. 4.7.3 Non-compliance with Regulations 1. Any non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations. 2. Any non-compliance with the Districts’ water recycling permits issued by the Lahontan 3. Any non-compliance with the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users. Action for Nos. 1, 2 and 3 – Notify the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator by telephone at 877-REUSE-83 within two hours after you are aware of the non- compliance. You must also provide written confirmation within three business days to the Districts. 4. Verification of Corrective Actions Action – Your water purveyor must provide written confirmation to the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator that corrective actions have been taken within 90 days of knowledge of non-compliance. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 16 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.7.4 Site Inspections 1. Scheduling of site inspections. Action – Your water purveyor must notify the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator by telephone at 877-REUSE-83, or email at [EMAIL REDACTED] at least one week prior to conducting a site inspection. 2. Results of site inspections. Action – A site inspection report must be filled out and signed by the Site Supervisor and the inspector, with copies provided to the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator within thirty (30) days following the end of the quarter in which the site inspection was conducted. See Tab 9 for a sample Site Inspection Report Form. 4.7.5 Changes at the Reuse Site If there are any planned modifications or additions to the recycled water system. Action – Notify the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator by telephone at 877- REUSE-83, or email at [EMAIL REDACTED] prior to any modifications or additions to the recycled water system. Any significant changes or modifications must be reviewed and approved by the Districts before they are made. 4.7.6 Change in Site Supervisor 1. Any proposed changes in the individual designated as the Site Supervisor. 2. Contact information for the Site Supervisor including emergency information, or changes in the Site Supervisor’s information. Action for Nos. 1 and 2 – Notify the Districts’ Water Recycling Coordinator by telephone at 877-REUSE-83, or email at [EMAIL REDACTED] as soon as possible. A Recycled Water Site Contact Information Form is provided in Tab 11. 4.7.7 Information for Contractors Using Recycled Water If you hire a contractor that will use recycled water, such as a truck hauler. Action – You must provide contractors with information (preferably in writing) about the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users. It is highly recommended that the Site Supervisor review the Requirements for Recycled Water Users with contractors and their staff. 4.7.8 Monitoring and Reporting Requirements In the conditional approval letter, the Districts will specify the information and when this information must be submitted to the Districts to comply with the monitoring and reporting requirements specified in the Districts’ water recycling permits. Such information includes the uses of recycled water, the volume or recycled water used, tables demonstrating that irrigation water and fertilizer were applied at agronomic rates, and other. Action – You must provide this information to the Districts as requested. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 17 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4.8 Record Keeping The Site Supervisor or water purveyor must keep copies of the following that are available to employees at all time: • Recycled Water System Operation Manual. • Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan. • Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users. • Districts’ water recycling permits. • Site inspection reports. • As-built drawings and other design plans of the recycled water and potable water systems. • Operations and maintenance logs When you receive your conditional approval letter from the Districts, the letter will include instructions on the specific type of information to be kept in the log such as the volumes of recycled water used at each reuse site, dates of inspections and cross-connection and backflow prevention testing, etc. From time to time, the Districts may ask for additional information to be kept in the log. Record keeping requirements are specified in Section 9 of the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Tab 5. Reuse Websites and Resources • California Department of Public Health http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/environhealth/water/Pages/Waterrecycling.aspx • Los Angeles County Department of Public Health http://lapublichealth.org/eh/# • California Department of Water Resources http://www.dwr.water.ca.gov/ • State Water Resources Control Board & Regional Water Quality Control Boards • WateReuse Association http://www.watereuse.org/index.html • 2002 Water Recycling Task Force http://www.owue.water.ca.gov/recycle/taskforce/taskforce.cfm • 2004 EPA Guidelines for Water Reuse • Recycled Water User Manual http://www.watereuse.org/ca/pdf/RecycledWaterUserManual.pdf • Report Related to Recycled Water Safety Issues http://www.datainstincts.com/images/pdf/healthsafety.pdf DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 18 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- 6. Glossary of Terms Backflow Prevention Device - A device installed to protect the potable water supply from contamination by non-potable water. The backflow prevention device must be approved by the State of California Department of Public Health. Approved (Authorized) Use - An application of recycled water in a manner, and for a purpose, designed in a User Agreement entered into with the Districts and in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements. Authorized Recycled Water Use (Reuse) Site - A site with well defined boundaries authorized for the use of recycled water; the uses of recycled water and the site location must comply with permits as issued by the applicable Cooling Tower - A device used to cool water and dissipate unwanted heat into the atmosphere through evaporation of a portion of the water being cooled. County Department of Public Health - This agency is the local health protection agency for the municipality in question. Cross-Connection - Any physical connection between any part of a water system used or intended to supply water for drinking purposes and any source or system containing water or substance that is not or cannot be approved as safe, wholesome, and potable for human consumption. Disinfection - A process that uses chemical or physical means to inactivate pathogenic (disease- causing) organisms in water or wastewater. Filter - A unit for carrying out the process of filtration which consists of the combination of a filter medium and suitable hardware for constraining and supporting the filter medium in the path of the water. For example, in the case of a cartridge filter, the filter includes both the cartridge and the housing. Groundwater - Water that is found in fully saturated soils, sediments, and rocks below the surface of the ground. Hose Bibb - A faucet or similar device to which a common garden hose can be readily attached. Industrial Cooling - Cooling of material or air and does not include air conditioning for comfort of persons in a building. Inspector - Any person authorized by the Districts to perform inspections on or off the user site before construction, during construction, after construction, and during operation. Irrigation Period - The time, from start of water flow to end, which a specific area receives recycled water by direct irrigation application, no matter how often the specific area is irrigated - that is length of the duty cycle. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 19 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- Irrigation Use - An approved use of recycled water for landscape irrigation as defined for recycled water under Title 22, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations. Landscape Impoundment - An open body of recycled water on a use site that is utilized for aesthetic enjoyment or which otherwise serves a function not intended to include public contact. Non-potable - Water that is not suitable for drinking by humans (includes recycled water). Operations Personnel - Any employee of a user, whether permanent or temporary, or any contracted worker whose regular or assigned work involves the supervision, operation, or maintenance of equipment on any portion of on-site facilities using recycled water. Operator - Any person, persons, or firm, who by entering into an agreement with a user is responsible for operating on-site facilities. Overspray - Water that is transmitted through the air to a location other than where the direct application of recycled water is intended. Owner - Any holder of legal title, contract purchaser, or lessee under a lease with an unexpired term of more than one year, for property for which recycled water service has been requested or established. Pathogen - Any agent, especially a microorganism, capable of causing disease. Point of Connection - This is the point where the user’s system ties to the Districts’ or purveyor’s system, usually at the water meter. Ponding - Unintentional retention of recycled water on the surface of the ground or other natural or manmade surface for a period following the cessation of an approved recycled water use activity such that a hazard or potential hazard to the public health results. Potable Water - Water that is suitable for drinking and conforms to California drinking water standards and other applicable standards. Public - Any person or persons at large who may come in contact with facilities and/or areas where recycled water is approved for use. Recreational Impoundment - An open body of recycled water located on a use site that may be used for unrestricted body contact swimming, wading) or restricted non-body contact boating, fishing) recreation. Recycled Water - Water produced by a municipal water reclamation facility that is suitable for a beneficial use. Runoff - When recycled water is intentionally or unintentionally allowed to drain outside the approved recycled water irrigation area. Runoff is considered “incidental” when it occurs in small amounts due to over-spray or leakage from sprinklers, over watering, breaks in lines or overflow of ponds that contain recycled water during storms. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 20 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- Site Supervisor - The person designated by the owner or manager of the property upon which recycled water will be or is applied, who will carry out the responsibility of the owner or manager of the property for: installation, operation, and maintenance of the system that enables recycled water to be used; prevention of potential hazards; compliance with Districts’ water recycling permits, Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users, applicable laws and regulations, health department guidelines, and other associated documents; and coordination with the cross-connection control program. This person should be available to the Districts at all times and should have the knowledge and authority to carry out any requirements. Spray Irrigation - Application of recycled water to land to maintain vegetation or support growth of vegetation by spraying it from sprinklers, micro-sprinklers, drip irrigation, or orifices in piping. Tertiary Treatment - The treatment of wastewater beyond the secondary, or biological, stage. Normally implies the removal of a high percentage of pathogens and of suspended solids through filtration and disinfection. Unauthorized Discharge - Any release or spill of recycled water that does not comply with the Districts’ recycling water permits, Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users, Districts’ ordinances, applicable Federal, State, or local statues, regulations, ordinances, contracts, or other requirements. User - Any person to whom the Districts distributes recycled water under the Permits issued to the Districts by the including end users to whom recycled water is conveyed through an intermediate party. User does not include persons who have been independently issued Permits from the User Agreement - A contractual agreement between the user and/or water purveyor and the Districts that establishes the conditions for recycled water service and use. Water Purveyor - Any public, private, investor-owned, or other water utility that is legally permitted to distribute water and that obtains recycled water from the District for distribution to users. Water Reclamation Facility - An arrangement of devices, structures, equipment, processes, and controls which produce a recycled water supply suitable for the intended reuse. Windblown Spray - Dispersed, airborne particles of recycled water that can be transmitted through the air to locations other than those approved for the direct use of recycled water. DOC# 1015171 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 21 of 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 1 Requirements for Recycled Water Users County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County District Nos. 14 and 20 ---PAGE BREAK--- Requirements for Recycled Water Users County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County District Nos. 14 and 20 1. Introduction These Requirements for Recycled Water Users (Requirements) establish regulations pursuant to California Water Code (Water Code) section 13523.1(b), and permits issued to the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Districts) by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region These permits include waste discharge requirements (WDRs) issued pursuant to Water Code section 13263, water reclamation requirements (WRRs) issued pursuant to Water Code section 13523, or a master reclamation permit (Master Permit) issued pursuant to Water Code section 13523.1. The Requirements are in conformance with ordinances adopted by County Sanitation District No. 14 of Los Angeles County and by County Sanitation District No. 20 of Los Angeles County (Ordinances). 2. Background Water Code section 13523.1(a) authorizes the issuance of Master Permits to suppliers or distributors, or both, of recycled water in lieu of issuing individual water reclamation requirements to each recycled water user. Water Code section 13523.1(b) sets forth the requirements for Master Permits issued by the Regional Water Quality Control Boards including a condition that the permittee establish and enforce rules or regulations for recycled water users governing the design and construction of recycled water use facilities and the use of recycled water, in accordance with the uniform Statewide Reclamation Criteria established pursuant to Water Code section 13521. A Master Permit has been adopted by the for the Lancaster Water Reclamation Plant (WRP). Should the issue individual WDRs or WRRs to the Districts for the use of tertiary recycled water for non-potable reuse applications from the Lancaster WRP or Palmdale WRP, it is the Districts’ intent that the Requirements established herein will apply to those uses. These Requirements may be updated, as necessary, to comply with revisions to this permit or applicable laws and regulations. 3. Findings The Requirements are in conformance with the following: • Provisions established by the WDRs, WRRs, or Master Permits issued by the to the Districts. • Applicable portions of the Water Code, including Water Code section 13523.1. • Applicable portions of the Health and Safety Code. • California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3, Uniform Statewide Reclamation Criteria. • CCR, Title 17, Division 1, Chapter 5, Subchapter 1, Group 4, Article 1 & 2. • Regulations established by the County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health (LACDPH) for the use of recycled water. The Requirements are consistent with the following: • The Guidelines for the Preparation of an Engineering Report for the Production, Distribution and Use of Recycled Water, California State Department of Public Health (CDPH). DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- • Any measures that are deemed necessary for protection of public health, such as the American Water Works Association (AWWA) California/Nevada section, Guidelines for the Distribution of Non-Potable Water and Guidelines for the On-Site Retrofit of Facilities Using Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water or alternate measures that are acceptable to CDPH. • Relevant user manuals such as the Los Angeles County Recycled Water Advisory Committee’s, 2005, Recycled Water User Manual. • Relevant guidance issued by LACDPH for the use of recycled water. 4. Definitions that Apply to these Requirements 4.1. Authorized Recycled Water Use Site (Site) is a site authorized for use of recycled water; the uses of recycled water and the site location must comply with Permits as issued by the to the Districts. 4.2. Direct User is any person to whom the Districts directly distribute recycled water under the Permits issued to the Districts by the 4.3. Incidental Runoff is any small amount of recycled water that leaves the Site as a result of over-spray or leakage from sprinklers, over watering, breaks in lines, or overflow of impoundments that contain recycled water during storms. 4.4. Master Reclamation Permit (Master Permit) contains requirements established by the for the Districts pursuant to Water Code section 13523.1. 4.5. Permit means any issued WDRs, WRRs, or Master Permit. 4.6. Person is any individual, partnership, corporation, governmental subdivision or unit of a governmental subdivision, or public or private organization or entity of any character. 4.7. Purveyor is any public, private, investor-owned, or other water utility that is legally permitted to distribute water and that obtains recycled water from the Districts for distribution to Users. 4.8. Recycled water is water produced by a municipal water reclamation facility that is suitable for a beneficial use. 4.9. User is any person to whom the Districts distribute recycled water under the Permits issued to the Districts by the including end users to whom recycled water is conveyed through an intermediate party. User does not include persons who have been independently issued Permits by the 4.10. User Agreement is a contractual agreement between the User and/or Purveyor and the Districts that establishes the conditions for recycled water service and use. 4.11. Waste Discharge Requirements (WDRs) are requirements established for the Districts by the pursuant to Water Code section 13263. 4.12. Water Recycling Criteria are the criteria established by the CDPH generally dealing with the levels of constituents in recycled water and the means for assurance of reliability under the design concept, which will result in safe recycled water from the standpoint of public health. The criteria are established pursuant to Water Code Section 13521, and are contained in the CCR, Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3; also referred to as the "Uniform Statewide Reclamation Criteria.” 4.13. Water Recycling Requirements (WRRs) are requirements established for the Districts by the pursuant to Water Code section 13523. DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 2 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5. Requirements for Recycled Water Users 5.1 Effective Date The effective date of the Requirements is July 1, 2008. 5.2 Applicability 5.2.1 Unless otherwise stated, these Requirements shall apply to any and all Users to whom the Districts distribute tertiary recycled water, either directly or through an intermediate party. These Requirements shall also apply to Purveyors that act as intermediate parties in delivering recycled water to Users. User does not include persons who have been independently issued Permits by the 5.2.2 These Requirements do not apply to the Districts, when the Districts are both the Purveyor and/or the User, receiving WDRs or WRRs issued by the for the use of tertiary recycled water. 5.3 General Requirements Use of recycled water must comply with all applicable state laws, regulations, Districts’ Permits, and any amendments thereto, the Ordinances, and these Requirements. 5.4 General Prohibitions 5.4.1 Use of recycled water for any purposes other than those explicitly approved in the effective User Agreement is strictly prohibited. 5.4.2 The User shall insure that the treatment, storage, distribution or use of recycled water shall not create a nuisance as defined in Water Code section 13050(m). 5.4.3 The User shall not discharge recycled water from treatment facilities, irrigation holding tanks, storage ponds, or other containment, other than for permitted reuse, except in accordance with other issued Permits, contingency plans authorized by the or for an approved discharge to a municipal sewage treatment system. 5.5 Process to Obtain Permission to Use Recycled Water 5.5.1 Except as provided by the Ordinances, any Direct User or Purveyor who wishes to receive recycled water produced by the Districts must enter into a User Agreement with District No. 14 or No. 20 depending on the location of the reuse project before the use of recycled water can begin. The User Agreement shall include the Districts’ terms and conditions for the use of recycled water. 5.5.2 Any Direct User, or Purveyor with a User, who intends to utilize recycled water produced by the Districts for an authorized use at a Site must file a User Application Form (Application) with the Districts and receive approval in writing from the Districts before the use of recycled water can begin for that use and Site. 5.5.3 The Application filed by the Direct User or Purveyor shall include: .3.1. A detailed description of the proposed Site with: A map showing the specific boundaries of the proposed Site; The person or persons responsible for operation and maintenance of the site (O&M Staff), including the person designated as the Site Supervisor and contact information; DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 3 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Evidence that the O&M Staff and Site Supervisor have received appropriate training from the Districts or an equivalent training program or the date by which training will occur prior to delivery of recycled water such that the Site is operated and maintained in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the Districts’ Permits, and these Requirements; The specific use to be made of the recycled water at each Site. .3.2. Design plans and a description of best management practices that show that the quality of waters of the State will be protected (see Section .3.3. Plans and specifications describing: Proposed piping systems to be used; Pipe locations for both recycled and potable systems; Type and location of the outlets and plumbing fixtures that will be accessible to the public; The methods and devices to be used to prevent backflow of recycled water into the potable water system. .3.4. The Recycled Water System Operations Manual or the date by which a Recycled Water System Operations Manual will be submitted prior to the delivery of recycled water. .3.5. Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan in accordance with the guidelines established by LACDPH or the date by which the Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan will be submitted prior to delivery of recycled water. 5.5.4 Any User or Purveyor who wishes to receive recycled water produced by the Districts must follow the process presented in Tables 1 and 2 that shows the various agencies involved in the process, documents that must be completed, how documents are routed, etc. Table 1 outlines the process for Direct Users or Purveyors. Table 2 outlines the process for Users receiving water from Purveyors 5.6 Operational Requirements and Best Management Practices 5.6.1 Each User shall designate a Site Supervisor who is responsible for the recycled water system at Site(s) under the User's control. Specific responsibilities of the Site Supervisor include the proper installation, operation and maintenance of the recycled water system; compliance with the Districts’ Permits, applicable laws and regulations, local health department guidelines, and these Requirements; prevention of potential hazards; coordination with the cross-connection control program in accordance with CCR, Title 17 and LACDPH or local health department guidelines; preservation of the recycled water system in "as-built" form. 5.6.2 The User’s Site Supervisor and O&M staff shall receive appropriate training to assure proper operation of the recycled water facilities, worker protection, and compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, the Districts’ Permits, and these Requirements. 5.6.3 The Site Supervisor shall instruct any person at the Site involved with the use of recycled water on its proper use and precautions. 5.6.4 All recycled water facilities and control systems shall be maintained in good working order and operated as efficiently as possible to achieve compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, the Districts’ Permits, and these Requirements. DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 4 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5.6.5 Except as allowed under CCR, Title 17, section 7604, no physical connection shall be made nor shall a connection be allowed to exist between any recycled water system and potable water system. 5.6.6 Cross-connection test shall be performed as necessary to ensure the absolute separation of the recycled water system and potable water system, in accordance with the requirements of LACDPH or local health department. .6.1. A cross-connection test shall be performed following any significant modifications to the recycled water system or potable water system, construction of new buildings, or any activity that may impact, or has impacted these systems. .6.2. An initial cross-connection test shall be performed to determine if there are any unknown connections between potable piping and existing piping to be used for recycled water prior to construction or retrofit work. .6.3. Prior to connection with the recycled water system, a final cross-connection test shall be performed to verify that construction or retrofit work was performed correctly. .6.4. Cross-connection testing shall be performed by a specialist who has been certified by AWWA or a group with equivalent certification requirements. 5.6.7 The potable water supply shall not be used as a backup or supplemental source of water for a recycled water system unless the connection between the two systems is protected by an air gap separation which complies with the requirements of CCR, Title 17, section 7602, Subdivision and CCR, Title 17, section 7603, Subdivision and that such connection has been approved by CDPH and/or its delegated local agency. 5.6.8 Any backflow prevention device installed to protect the potable water system shall be annually inspected and maintained in accordance with CCR, Title 17, section 7605. .8.1. Backflow inspections shall be conducted by a person who has demonstrated competency in testing to the User, Purveyor, and/or LACDPH or local health department. 5.6.9 Hose bibs shall not be used in the recycled water system, except in the recycled water system for Sites for which there is restricted public access. Quick couplers that are different from that used on the potable water system may be used. 5.6.10 All recycled water piping and appurtenances in new installations and appurtenances in retrofit installations shall be colored purple or distinctively marked with purple tape in accordance with Health and Safety Code section 116815 and LACDPH or local health department requirements. 5.6.11 All sites shall be designed and operated to prevent direct human consumption of recycled water, or use of recycled water for processing of food or drink intended for human consumption. .11.1. Where recycled water could potentially be accessed for human consumption, conspicuous signs shall be posted that include the following wording: "RECYCLED WATER – DO NOT DRINK.” .11.2. The prescribed wording included on the sign(s) shall also be translated into Spanish and other appropriate languages. .11.3. Each sign shall display an international symbol similar to that shown in CCR, Title 22, section 60310, subdivision Figure 60310-A. .11.4. The sign(s) shall be of a size easily readable by the public; no less than 4 inches high by 8 inches wide. DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 5 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5.6.12 Irrigation with disinfected tertiary recycled water shall not take place within 50 feet of any domestic water supply well. 5.6.13 Irrigation with disinfected tertiary recycled water shall not take place within 50 feet of any uncovered reservoir or stream currently used as a source of domestic water. 5.6.14 Impoundment of disinfected tertiary recycled water shall not occur within 100 feet of any domestic water supply well. 5.6.15 All recycled water impoundments shall be adequately protected from erosion, washout and flooding from a 24-hour rainfall event having a predicted frequency of once in 100 years. 5.6.16 Vehicles used for distributing recycled water for soil compaction and dust control or other uses shall have an adequate tank and plumbing systems to ensure that leaks and ruptures will not occur in the course of normal use. .16.1. Control valves shall be provided and configured such that recycled water can be applied in a controlled fashion on the Site and completely retained during transit. .16.2. Spray heads or nozzles shall be provided and configured such that recycled water is applied to prevent runoff, ponding, or windblown spray conditions. .16.3. Each tank shall be equipped with an approved air-gap separation between the filler tube and the tank to prevent back-siphonage. .16.4. Each tank used to store and/or transport recycled water must be flushed and disinfected prior to storage and/or transport of potable water or recycled water of better quality. .16.5. The vehicles shall be clearly labeled in accordance with the requirements specified in Section 5.6.11. 5.6.17 Sites shall be designed and operated using best management practices (BMPs) to protect waters of the state and prevent public contact with recycled water. 5.6.18 The Sites shall be designed and operated using BMPs to prevent recycled water spray, mist, or surface flow from either leaving the Site or reaching: Any perennial surface waters located adjacent to the Site; Areas where the public has access dwellings, designated outdoor eating areas, or food handling facilities); Drinking fountains unless specifically protected with a shielding device. 5.6.19 BMPs shall include, but not be limited to: Use of buffer zones; Discontinuation of application of recycled water during precipitation events, which are of sufficient magnitude to generate surface flow or significant ponding within the Site; Use of devices that protect drinking water fountains against contact with recycled water spray, mist, or surface flow; Irrigation with recycled water during periods of minimal human use of the irrigated area and timing of irrigation to allow an adequate dry-out time before the irrigated area will be used by the public. 5.6.20 Any storage facility or impoundment containing recycled water for reuse applications shall be managed in a manner to control odors, nuisance conditions or vectors such as DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 6 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- mosquitoes. Should such problems develop, a management plan shall be devised and implemented to monitor, correct, and control future occurrences. 5.6.21 Sites shall be designed and operated using BMPs so that application of recycled water occurs at agronomic rates whereby irrigation does not promote downward migration of salts (including nitrates), which could unreasonably affect present and anticipated beneficial uses of water, or result in water quality less than that prescribed in water quality control plans or policies. .21.1. To demonstrate whether irrigation is at agronomic rates, the User shall provide information to the Districts including a tabular comparison of the volume of water required for plant growth in the landscape area to the volume of recycled water (and supplemental water) applied to the area. 5.6.22 Fertilizer application shall: .22.1. Not unreasonably affect present and anticipated beneficial uses of water, or result in water quality less than that prescribed in water quality control plans or policies. .22.2. Occur at agronomic rates. To demonstrate whether fertilizer application is at agronomic rates, the User shall provide information to the Districts including a tabular comparison of the amount of fertilizer needed for plant growth in the landscape area to the amount applied to the area. .22.3. Occur if the levels of nitrogen in the recycled water are not sufficient for plant growth. If levels are not sufficient, the Site Supervisor shall calculate how much fertilizer needs to be applied by subtracting the level in recycled water from the level needed for plant growth. 5.6.23 Sites shall be designed and operated using BMPs so that adequate erosion control is implemented so that soil is not released into storm water runoff or surface waters. 5.6.24 Each User shall demonstrate to the Districts the means by which all applicable use area requirements as specified in the Districts’ Permits and these Requirements will be complied with. 6. Site Inspections and Site Access 6.1 The Purveyor shall conduct periodic site inspections and prepare a report for each Site inspection pursuant to Section 8.3. .1.1. Site inspections must be conducted at a minimum once every three years per site or more frequently at the request of the Districts. .1.2. In the event of identification of violation(s) during site inspections, corrective actions must be taken pursuant to Section 7 and notification shall be provided pursuant to Section 8.3. 6.2 The User shall allow an authorized representative of any of the following agencies the right to enter, inspect the Site, and conduct testing upon presentation of proper credentials: the Districts, CDPH, and LACDPH or local health department. 6.3 In cooperation with the User or Purveyor, the Districts will make periodic inspections of the Site. DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 7 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 7. Corrective Action 7.1 The Site Supervisor shall immediately initiate corrective action to eliminate violation of any applicable laws or regulations, the Districts’ Permits, or these Requirements, and make the appropriate notifications pursuant to Section 8.2. 7.2 The Purveyor or Direct User must verify the corrective action(s) and report to the Districts pursuant to Section 8.2. 7.3 In the event of contamination of a potable water system due to a cross-connection with the recycled water system, the Site Supervisor shall immediately invoke the Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan and make the appropriate notifications pursuant to Section 8.1. 8. Notification and Reporting 8.1 Public Health, Spills, Unauthorized Discharges 8.1.1 Upon being notified or determining that one of the following events has occurred, the Site Supervisor shall immediately notify the Districts by telephone, and the CDPH and LACDPH by telephone or electronic means. Written confirmation must be provided to all agencies within three business days from the day of notification. .1.1. There is a complaint (or other source of information) concerning recycled water use that may involve illness. .1.2. An unauthorized discharge of more than 50,000 gallons of tertiary recycled water. Information provided shall include: the date and time the spill began and ended; the location of the spill; if the spill entered a storm drain or receiving water; the estimated volume of the spill or flow if the spill is ongoing; the estimated time of repair; the cause of the spill; the agencies involved with repair and clean-up; and corrective actions taken or plans for corrective actions. .1.3. The potable water system has been contaminated due to a cross-connection with recycled water. 8.1.2 Upon being notified or determining that a spill or other release of recycled water from a Site, other than incidental runoff, including, but not limited to, breaks in the recycled water irrigation or distributions systems has occurred, the Site Supervisor shall immediately notify the Districts by telephone. Information provided shall include: the date and time the spill began and ended; the location of the spill; if the spill entered a storm drain or receiving water; the estimated volume of the spill or flow if the spill is ongoing; the estimated time of repair; the cause of the spill; the agencies involved with repair and clean-up; and corrective actions taken or plans for corrective actions. Written confirmation shall be provided within three business days from the date of notification. 8.2 Non-compliance with Regulations 8.2.1 The Site Supervisor shall notify the Districts by telephone or electronic means upon knowledge of any noncompliance of applicable laws and regulations, the Districts’ Permits, and these Requirements. Written confirmation shall be provided within three business days from the date of notification. DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 8 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- 8.2.2 The Purveyor or Direct User shall provide written verification to the Districts within ninety (90) days from the date of knowledge of the violation that corrective actions have been implemented. 8.3 Site Inspections 8.3.1 The site inspection report shall be signed and dated by the Site Supervisor and the inspector, and provided to the Districts within thirty (30) days following the end of the quarter in which the inspection was conducted. 8.3.2 The inspector shall immediately notify the Site Supervisor of violation(s) identified during site inspections and what corrective actions must be taken. 8.3.3 The Purveyor or Direct User shall notify the Districts by electronic means at least one week prior to conducting a site inspection. 8.4 Miscellaneous Information 8.4.1 If someone other than the User is responsible for applying the recycled water a truck hauler), then the User shall inform them of these Requirements in a written permit or other suitable manner. 8.4.2 The Site Supervisor is required to provide the Districts with an address and phone number(s) where he or she can be contacted at all times. The Site Supervisor is responsible for maintaining current pertinent information regarding the Site and Districts’ contacts. 8.4.3 The Districts shall be notified in writing of any proposed changes in the individual designated as the Site Supervisor. 8.4.4 The Districts shall be notified in writing of any planned modifications or additions to the recycled water system. Any proposed significant modifications or additions to the recycled water system shall be reviewed and approved by the Districts before being made. 8.4.5 The User or Purveyor shall provide information as requested by the Districts in order for the Districts to comply with monitoring and reporting requirements issued by the 9. Record Keeping 9.1 Current as-built drawings and other design plans of the recycled water system and potable water system, and any forms or reports as required by the Districts including, but not limited to, inspection reports, cross-connection tests, etc., shall be maintained by the Site Supervisor or Purveyor. 9.2 A copy of these Requirements, the Districts’ Permits, the Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan, and the Recycled Water System Operations Manual shall be maintained by the Site Supervisor so that they are available to operating personnel at all times. 9.3 For each site, the Site Supervisor or Purveyor must keep operation and maintenance logs that are available to the Districts. The logs shall include information that will be required for compliance with Permit requirements. This information, such as the volumes of recycled water used at each site, dates of inspections and tests, etc, will be specified by the Districts in the approval letter. DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 9 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table 1. Process to Obtain Recycled Water for Direct Users or Purveyors Process Applicable Documents or Actions Required Responsible Entity Step 1 – Consult with Districts and review Recycled Water Users Handbook Districts’ Recycled Water Users Handbook Direct User or Purveyor Step 2 - Prepare draft plans and specifications California Department of Public Health (CDPH) requirements in California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 17 and 221, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) Guidelines Direct User or Purveyor Step 3 - Draft User Agreement or amendment (if site is not covered under existing agreement) Districts’ User Agreement Districts / Direct User or Purveyor Step 4 - Approve User Agreement or Amendment Present Agreement or Amendment to Districts’ Board and governing body of Direct User or Purveyor for approval Districts / Direct User or Purveyor Step 5 - Submit Application for recycled water use Districts’ User Application Form Direct User or Purveyor Step 6 - Identify distribution issues, verify allowed uses, estimate quantity of water and delivery schedule Verification of information provided in the Application Form. Send conditional approval in writing with caveat that project commencement is contingent upon Direct User or Purveyor receiving all regulatory approvals. Districts Step 7 – Complete California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Process Make sure there is proper CEQA documentation for the site Direct User or Purveyor Step 8 – Consult with health agencies (recommended) Describe project and show draft plans to CDPH and LACDPH Direct User or Purveyor Step 9 – Finalize and submit plans and specifications Plans and specifications submitted to LACDPH; LACDPH Cross-Connection Plan Approval Application and fee. Direct User or Purveyor Step 10 - Provide materials and/or training to User on proper operation of a recycled water system Districts’ Recycled Water Users Handbook to be provided by Districts; training to be provided by Districts and/or Purveyor (or an other equivalent program can be substituted) Districts or Purveyor Step 11 – Consult with Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (recommended) Describe project and discuss Engineering Report needs Direct User or Purveyor 1 DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 10 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table 1. Process to Obtain Recycled Water for Direct Users or Purveyors Process Applicable Documents or Actions Required Responsible Entity Step 12 – Final plans and specifications Obtain approval of final plans and specifications from LACDPH Direct User or Purveyor Step 13 – Prepare / amend Engineering Report CDPH Guidelines for Preparation of an Engineering Report for the Production, Distribution and Use of Recycled Water2; Districts’ information on water reclamation plants; Direct User or Direct User or Purveyor completes the Engineering Report; the Districts provide information related to treatment facilities; the report must be prepared and stamped by a professional engineer registered in California. Direct User or Purveyor and Districts Step 14 – Submit Engineering Report to CDPH and with copy to Districts Completed Engineering Report Direct User or Purveyor Step 15 – If applicable, submit revised Engineering Report, with copy to Districts Revisions/additional information may be requested by CDPH and/or the Direct User or Purveyor Step 16 – Authorization of project under existing or new permit Letter or permit possibly CDPH and/or LACDPH Step 17 – Notify Districts of Final Regulatory Approvals Direct User or Purveyor sends copy of letter or permit to Districts and any other applicable CDPH or LACDPH documents Direct User or Purveyor Step 18 – Pre- and post- construction inspections Contact LACDPH prior to construction to arrange for site inspections, initial cross- connection and backflow prevention device testing; LACDPH Guidelines and Recycled Water System Inspection Report. Direct User or Purveyor Step 19 – Approval of final construction By LACDPH Direct User or Purveyor Step 20 – Begin project implementation Direct User or Purveyor Step 21 – Submit revised as-built drawings of recycled water distribution system if necessary Must be provided to LACDPH and Districts if any modifications have been made to original drawings Direct User or Purveyor 2 DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 11 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table 2. Process to Obtain Recycled Water for Users Receiving Water From Purveyors Process Applicable Documents or Actions Required Responsible Entity Step 1 – Consult with Purveyor and review Recycled Water Users Handbook Districts’ Recycled Water Users Handbook User and Purveyor Step 2 – Prepare draft plans and specifications California Department of Health Services (CDPH) requirements in California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 17 and 223, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) Guidelines. User or Purveyor Step 3 – Request for recycled water service Use recycled water Purveyor’s application process User Step 4 – Draft User Agreement or amendment (if site is not covered under existing agreement) Districts’ User Agreement or Amendment Districts / Purveyor Step 5 – Approve User Agreement or Amendment Present Agreement or Amendment to Districts’ Board and governing body of Purveyor for approval Districts / Purveyor Step 6 – Submit Application for recycled water use to Districts Districts’ User Application Form Purveyor Step 7 – Identify distribution issues, verify allowed uses, estimate quantity of water and delivery schedule Verification of information provided in the Districts’ User Application Form. Send conditional approval in writing with caveat that project commencement is contingent upon Direct User or Purveyor receiving all regulatory approvals. Districts Step 8 – Draft contract or amendment or other legal control mechanism (if site is not covered under existing contract or control mechanism) Contract, contract amendment, or control mechanism between Purveyor and User Purveyor and User Step 9 – Approve contract or amendment or other legal control mechanism (if site is not covered under existing contract or control mechanisms) Purveyor and User authorize contract, contract amendment, or control mechanism Purveyor and User Step 10 – Complete California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Process Make sure there is proper CEQA documentation for the site Purveyor and User Step 11 – Consult with health agencies (recommended) Describe project and show draft plans to CDPH and LACDPH Purveyor Step 12 – Finalize and submit plans and specifications Plans and specifications submitted to LACDPH; LACDPH Cross-Connection Plan Approval Application and fee Purveyor 3 DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 12 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table 2. Process to Obtain Recycled Water for Users Receiving Water From Purveyors Process Applicable Documents or Actions Required Responsible Entity Step 13 – Provide materials and/or training to User on proper operation of a recycled water system Districts’ Recycled Water Users Handbook and training to be provided by Purveyor (the Districts’ training program or another equivalent program can be substituted) Purveyor Step 14 – Consult with Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (recommended) Describe project and discuss Engineering Report needs Purveyor Step 15 – Final plans and specifications Obtain approval of final plans and specifications from LACDPH Purveyor Step 16 – Prepare / amend Engineering Report CDPH Guidelines for Preparation of an Engineering Report for the Production, Distribution and Use of Recycled Water4; Districts’ information on water reclamation plants; Purveyor completes the Engineering Report; the Districts provide information related to treatment facilities; the report must be prepared and stamped by a professional engineer registered in California. Purveyor and Districts Step 17 – Submit Engineering Report to CDPH and with copy to Districts Completed Engineering Report Purveyor Step 18 – If applicable, submit revised Engineering Report, with copy to Districts Revisions/additional information may be requested by CDPH and/or the Purveyor Step 19 – Authorization of project under existing or new permit Letter or permit possibly CDPH and/or LACDPH Step 20 – Notify Districts of Final Regulatory Approvals Purveyor sends copy of letter or permit to Districts and any other applicable CDPH or LACDPH documents Purveyor Step 21 – Pre- and post- construction inspections Contact LACDPH prior to construction to arrange for site inspections, initial cross-connection and backflow prevention device testing; LACDPH Guidelines and Recycled Water System Inspection Report Purveyor Step 22 – Approval of final construction By LACDPH Purveyor Step 23 – Begin project implementation Purveyor and User Step 24 – Submit revised as- built drawings of recycled water distribution system if necessary Must be provided to LACDPH and Districts if any modifications have been made to original drawings Purveyor 4 DOC# 1062369 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 13 of 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 2 Agency Contacts ---PAGE BREAK--- Agency Contact Information for Water Recycling For Agency Contacts for Spills of Recycled Water – Go to Tab 10 Districts Phone: 877-REUSE83 ([PHONE REDACTED]) Contact: Water Recycling Coordinator Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board Phone: [PHONE REDACTED] Contact: Mary Dellavalle or Curt Shifrer Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] or [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] California Department of Public Health Phone: [PHONE REDACTED] Contact: Call will be directed to appropriate person Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Phone: [PHONE REDACTED] Contact: Carlos Borja Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] DOC# 1015172 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 3 Excerpts from California Department of Public Health Regulations – California Code of Regulations, Title 22 and 17 ---PAGE BREAK--- Excerpts of California Department of Public Health Regulations from Titles 22 and 17 of the California Code of Regulations From California Health Laws Related to Recycled Water June 2001 Edition TITLE 22 CODE OF REGULATIONS DIVISION 4. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS 60001. Department Whenever the term "department" is used in this division, it means the State Department of Health Services, unless otherwise specified. 60003. Director Whenever the term "director" is used in this division, it means the Director, State Department of Health Services, unless otherwise specified. CHAPTER 2. REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT ARTICLE 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND CATEGORICAL EXEMPTIONS 60100. General requirements The Department of Health Services incorporates by reference the objectives, criteria, and procedures as delineated in Chapters 1, 2, 2.5, 2.6, 3, 4, 5, and 6, Division 13, Public Resources Code, Sections 21000 et seq., and the Guidelines for the Implementation of the California Environmental Quality Act, Title 14, Division 6, Chapter 3, California Administrative Code, Sections 15000 et seq. 60101. Specific activities within categorical exempt classes The following specific activities are determined by the Department to fall within the classes of categorical exemptions set forth in Sections 15300 et seq. of Title 14 of the California Administrative Code: a) Class 1: Existing Facilities. 1. Any interior or exterior alteration of water treatment units, water supply systems, and pump station buildings where the alteration involves the addition, deletion, or modification of mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic controls. 2. Maintenance, repair, replacement, or reconstruction to any water treatment process units, including structures, filters, pumps, and chlorinators. b) Class 2: Replacement or Reconstruction. 1. Repair or replacement of any water service connections, meters, and valves for backflow prevention, air release, pressure regulating, shut-off and blow-off or flushing. 2. Replacement or reconstruction of any existing water supply distribution lines, storage tanks and reservoirs of substantially the same size. 3. Replacement or reconstruction of any water wells, pump stations and related appurtenances. c) Class 3: New Construction of Small Structures. July 1, 2008 1 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1. Construction of any water supply and distribution lines of less than sixteen inches in diameter, and related appurtenances. 2. Construction of any water storage tanks and reservoirs of less than 100,000 gallon capacity. d) Class 4: Minor Alterations to Land. 1. Minor alterations to land, water, or vegetation on any officially existing designated wildlife management areas or fish production facilities for the purpose of reducing the environmental potential for nuisances or vector production. 2. Any minor alterations to highway crossings for water supply and distribution lines. CHAPTER 3. WATER RECYCLING CRITERIA ARTICLE 1. DEFINITIONS 60301. Definitions 60301.100. Approved laboratory "Approved laboratory" means a laboratory that has been certified by the Department to perform microbiological analyses pursuant to section 116390, Health and Safety Code. 60301.160. Coagulated wastewater "Coagulated wastewater" means oxidized wastewater in which colloidal and finely divided suspended matter have been destabilized and agglomerated upstream from a filter by the addition of suitable floc-forming chemicals. 60301.170. Conventional treatment "Conventional treatment" means a treatment chain that utilizes a sedimentation unit process between the coagulation and filtration processes and produces an effluent that meets the definition for disinfected tertiary recycled water. 60301.200. Direct beneficial use "Direct beneficial use" means the use of recycled water that has been transported from the point of treatment or production to the point of use without an intervening discharge to waters of the State. 60301.220. Disinfected secondary-2.2 recycled water "Disinfected secondary-2.2 recycled water" means recycled water that has been oxidized and disinfected so that the median concentration of total coliform bacteria in the disinfected effluent does not exceed a most probable number (MPN) of 2.2 per 100 milliliters utilizing the bacteriological results of the last seven days for which analyses have been completed, and the number of total coliform bacteria does not exceed an MPN of 23 per 100 milliliters in more than one sample in any 30 day period. 60301.225. Disinfected secondary-23 recycled water "Disinfected secondary-23 recycled water" means recycled water that has been oxidized and disinfected so that the median concentration of total coliform bacteria in the disinfected effluent does not exceed a most probable number (MPN) of 23 per 100 milliliters utilizing the bacteriological results of the last seven days for which analyses have been completed, and the number of total coliform bacteria does not exceed an MPN of 240 per 100 milliliters in more than one sample in any 30 day period. July 1, 2008 2 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60301.230. Disinfected tertiary recycled water "Disinfected tertiary recycled water" means a filtered and subsequently disinfected wastewater that meets the following criteria: a) The filtered wastewater has been disinfected by either: 1. A chlorine disinfection process following filtration that provides a CT (the product of total chlorine residual and modal contact time measured at the same point) value of not less than 450 milligram-minutes per liter at all times with a modal contact time of at least 90 minutes, based on peak dry weather design flow; or 2. A disinfection process that, when combined with the filtration process, has been demonstrated to inactivate and/or remove 99.999 percent of the plaque forming units of F-specific bacteriophage MS2, or polio virus in the wastewater. A virus that is at least as resistant to disinfection as poliovirus may be used for purposes of the demonstration. b) The median concentration of total coliform bacteria measured in the disinfected effluent does not exceed an MPN of 2.2 per 100 milliliters utilizing the bacteriological results of the last seven days for which analyses have been completed and the number of total coliform bacteria does not exceed an MPN of 23 per 100 milliliters in more than one sample in any 30 day period. No sample shall exceed an MPN of 240 total coliform bacteria per 100 milliliters. 60301.240. Drift "Drift" means the water that escapes to the atmosphere as water droplets from a cooling system. 60301.245. Drift eliminator "Drift eliminator" means a feature of a cooling system that reduces to a minimum the generation of drift from the system. 60301.250. Dual plumbed system "Dual plumbed system" or "dual plumbed" means a system that utilizes separate piping systems for recycled water and potable water within a facility and where the recycled water is used for either of the following purposes: a) To serve plumbing outlets (excluding fire suppression systems) within a building or b) Outdoor landscape irrigation at individual residences. 60301.300. F-Specific bacteriophage MS-2 "F-specific bacteriophage MS-2" means a strain of a specific type of virus that infects coliform bacteria that is traceable to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 15597B1) and is grown on lawns of E. coli (ATCC 15597). 60301.310. Facility "Facility" means any type of building or structure, or a defined area of specific use that receives water for domestic use from a public water system as defined in section 116275 of the Health and Safety Code. 60301.320. Filtered wastewater "Filtered wastewater" means an oxidized wastewater that meets the criteria in subsection or a) Has been coagulated and passed through natural undisturbed soils or a bed of filter media pursuant to the following: 1. At a rate that does not exceed 5 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area in mono, dual or mixed media gravity, up flow or pressure filtration systems, or does not July 1, 2008 3 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- exceed 2 gallons per minute per square foot of surface area in traveling bridge automatic backwash filters; and 2. So that the turbidity of the filtered wastewater does not exceed any of the following: An average of 2 NTU within a 24-hour period; 5 NTU more than 5 percent of the time within a 24-hour period; and 10 NTU at any time. b) Has been passed through a microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, or reverse osmosis membrane so that the turbidity of the filtered wastewater does not exceed any of the following: 1. 0.2 NTU more than 5 percent of the time within a 24-hour period; and 2. 0.5 NTU at any time. 60301.330. Food crops "Food crops" means any crops intended for human consumption. 60301.400. Hose bibb "Hose bibb" means a faucet or similar device to which a common garden hose can be readily attached. 60301.550. Landscape impoundment "Landscape impoundment" means an impoundment in which recycled water is stored or used for aesthetic enjoyment or landscape irrigation, or which otherwise serves a similar function and is not intended to include public contact. 60301.600. Modal contact time "Modal contact time" means the amount of time elapsed between the time that a tracer, such as salt or dye, is injected into the influent at the entrance to a chamber and the time that the highest concentration of the tracer is observed in the effluent from the chamber. 60301.620. Nonrestricted recreational impoundment "Nonrestricted recreational impoundment" means an impoundment of recycled water, in which no limitations are imposed on body-contact water recreational activities. 60301.630. NTU "NTU" (Nephelometric turbidity unit) means a measurement of turbidity as determined by the ratio of the intensity of light scattered by the sample to the intensity of incident light as measured by method 2130 B. in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed.; Eaton, A. Clesceri, L. and Greenberg, A. Eds; American Public Health Association: Washington, DC, 1995; p. 2-8. 60301.650. Oxidized wastewater. "Oxidized wastewater" means wastewater in which the organic matter has been stabilized, is nonputrescible, and contains dissolved oxygen. 60301.660. Peak dry weather design flow "Peak Dry Weather Design Flow" means the arithmetic mean of the maximum peak flow rates sustained over some period of time (for example three hours) during the maximum 24-hour dry weather period. Dry weather period is defined as periods of little or no rainfall. July 1, 2008 4 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60301.700. Recycled water agency. "Recycled water agency" means the public water system, or a publicly or privately owned or operated recycled water system, that delivers or proposes to deliver recycled water to a facility. 60301.710. Recycling plant "Recycling plant" means an arrangement of devices, structures, equipment, processes and controls which produce recycled water. 60301.740. Regulatory Agency "Regulatory agency" means the California Regional Water Quality Control Board(s) that have jurisdiction over the recycling plant and use areas. 60301.750. Restricted access golf course "Restricted access golf course" means a golf course where public access is controlled so that areas irrigated with recycled water cannot be used as if they were part of a park, playground, or school yard and where irrigation is conducted only in areas and during periods when the golf course is not being used by golfers. 60301.760. Restricted recreational impoundment "Restricted recreational impoundment" means an impoundment of recycled water in which recreation is limited to fishing, boating, and other non-body-contact water recreational activities. 60301.800. Spray irrigation "Spray irrigation" means the application of recycled water to crops to maintain vegetation or support growth of vegetation by applying it from sprinklers. Section 60301.830. Standby Unit Process. "Standby unit process" means an alternate unit process or an equivalent alternative process which is maintained in operable condition and which is capable of providing comparable treatment of the actual flow through the unit for which it is a substitute. 60301.900. Undisinfected secondary recycled water. "Undisinfected secondary recycled water" means oxidized wastewater. 60301.920. Use area "Use area" means an area of recycled water use with defined boundaries. A use area may contain one or more facilities. ARTICLE 2. SOURCES OF RECYCLED WATER. 60302. Source specifications. The requirements in this chapter shall only apply to recycled water from sources that contain domestic waste, in whole or in part. ARTICLE 3. USES OF RECYCLED WATER. 60303. Exceptions The requirements set forth in this chapter shall not apply to the use of recycled water onsite at a water recycling plant, or wastewater treatment plant, provided access by the public to the area of onsite recycled water use is restricted. July 1, 2008 5 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60304. Use of recycled water for irrigation a) Recycled water used for the surface irrigation of the following shall be a disinfected tertiary recycled water, except that for filtration pursuant to Section 60301.320(a) coagulation need not be used as part of the treatment process provided that the filter effluent turbidity does not exceed 2 NTU, the turbidity of the influent to the filters is continuously measured, the influent turbidity does not exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes and never exceeds 10 NTU, and that there is the capability to automatically activate chemical addition or divert the wastewater should the filter influent turbidity exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes: 1. Food crops, including all edible root crops, where the recycled water comes into contact with the edible portion of the crop, 2. Parks and playgrounds, 3. School yards, 4. Residential landscaping, 5. Unrestricted access golf courses, and 6. Any other irrigation use not specified in this section and not prohibited by other sections of the California Code of Regulations. b) Recycled water used for the surface irrigation of food crops where the edible portion is produced above ground and not contacted by the recycled water shall be at least disinfected secondary-2.2 recycled water. c) Recycled water used for the surface irrigation of the following shall be at least disinfected secondary-23 recycled water: 1. Cemeteries, 2. Freeway landscaping, 3. Restricted access golf courses, 4. Ornamental nursery stock and sod farms where access by the general public is not restricted, 5. Pasture for animals producing milk for human consumption, and 6. Any non-edible vegetation where access is controlled so that the irrigated area cannot be used as if it were part of a park, playground or school yard d) Recycled wastewater used for the surface irrigation of the following shall be at least undisinfected secondary recycled water: 1. Orchards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop, 2. Vineyards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop, 3. Non food-bearing trees (Christmas tree farms are included in this category provided no irrigation with recycled water occurs for a period of 14 days prior to harvesting or allowing access by the general public), 4. Fodder and fiber crops and pasture for animals not producing milk for human consumption, 5. Seed crops not eaten by humans, 6. Food crops that must undergo commercial pathogen-destroying processing before being consumed by humans, and 7. Ornamental nursery stock and sod farms provided no irrigation with recycled water occurs for a period of 14 days prior to harvesting, retail sale, or allowing access by the general public. e) No recycled water used for irrigation, or soil that has been irrigated with recycled water, shall come into contact with the edible portion of food crops eaten raw by humans unless the recycled water complies with subsection July 1, 2008 6 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60305. Use of recycled water for impoundments. a) Except as provided in subsection recycled water used as a source of water supply for non-restricted recreational impoundments shall be disinfected tertiary recycled water that has been subjected to conventional treatment. b) Disinfected tertiary recycled water that has not received conventional treatment may be used for non-restricted recreational impoundments provided the recycled water is monitored for the presence of pathogenic organisms in accordance with the following: 1. During the first 12 months of operation and use the recycled water shall be sampled and analyzed for Giardia, enteric viruses, and Following the first 12 months of use, the recycled water shall be sampled and analyzed quarterly for Giardia, enteric viruses, and The ongoing monitoring may be discontinued after the first two years of operation with the approval of the department. This monitoring shall be in addition to the monitoring set forth in section 60321. 2. The samples shall be taken at a point following disinfection and prior to the point where the recycled water enters the use impoundment. The samples shall be analyzed by an approved laboratory and the results submitted quarterly to the regulatory agency. c) The total coliform bacteria concentrations in recycled water used for non-restricted recreational impoundments, measured at a point between the disinfection process and the point of entry to the use impoundment, shall comply with the criteria specified in section 60301.230 for disinfected tertiary recycled water. d) Recycled water used as a source of supply for restricted recreational impoundments and for any publicly accessible impoundments at fish hatcheries shall be at least disinfected secondary-2.2 recycled water. e) Recycled water used as a source of supply for landscape impoundments that do not utilize decorative fountains shall be at least disinfected secondary-23 recycled water. 60306. Use of recycled water for cooling a) Recycled water used for industrial or commercial cooling or air conditioning that involves the use of a cooling tower, evaporative condenser, spraying or any mechanism that creates a mist shall be a disinfected tertiary recycled water. b) Use of recycled water for industrial or commercial cooling or air conditioning that does not involve the use of a cooling tower, evaporative condenser, spraying, or any mechanism that creates a mist shall be at least disinfected secondary-23 recycled water. c) Whenever a cooling system, using recycled water in conjunction with an air conditioning facility, utilizes a cooling tower or otherwise creates a mist that could come into contact with employees or members of the public, the cooling system shall comply with the following: 1. A drift eliminator shall be used whenever the cooling system is in operation. 2. A chlorine, or other, biocide shall be used to treat the cooling system recirculating water to minimize the growth of Legionella and other microorganisms. 60307. Use of recycled water for other purposes a) Recycled water used for the following shall be disinfected tertiary recycled water, except that for filtration being provided pursuant to Section 60301.320(a) coagulation need not be used as part of the treatment process provided that the filter effluent turbidity does not exceed 2 NTU, the turbidity of the influent to the filters is continuously measured, the influent turbidity does not exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes and never exceeds 10 NTU, and that there is the capability to automatically activate chemical addition or divert the wastewater should the filter influent turbidity exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes: 1. Flushing toilets and urinals, 2. Priming drain traps, 3. Industrial process water that may come into contact with workers, July 1, 2008 7 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4. Structural fire fighting, 5. Decorative fountains, 6. Commercial laundries, 7. Consolidation of backfill around potable water pipelines, 8. Artificial snow making for commercial outdoor use, and 9. Commercial car washes, including hand washes if the recycled water is not heated, where the general public is excluded from the washing process. b) Recycled water used for the following uses shall be at least disinfected secondary-23 recycled water: 1. Industrial boiler feed, 2. Nonstructural fire fighting, 3. Backfill consolidation around nonpotable piping, 4. Soil compaction, 5. Mixing concrete, 6. Dust control on roads and streets, 7. Cleaning roads, sidewalks and outdoor work areas and 8. Industrial process water that will not come into contact with workers. c) Recycled water used for flushing sanitary sewers shall be at least undisinfected secondary recycled water. ARTICLE 4. USE AREA REQUIREMENTS. 60310. Use area requirements a) No irrigation with disinfected tertiary recycled water shall take place within 50 feet of any domestic water supply well unless all of the following conditions have been met: 1. A geological investigation demonstrates that an aquitard exists at the well between the uppermost aquifer being drawn from and the ground surface. 2. The well contains an annular seal that extends from the surface into the aquitard. 3. The well is housed to prevent any recycled water spray from coming into contact with the wellhead facilities. 4. The ground surface immediately around the wellhead is contoured to allow surface water to drain away from the well. 5. The owner of the well approves of the elimination of the buffer zone requirement. b) No impoundment of disinfected tertiary recycled water shall occur within 100 feet of any domestic water supply well. c) No irrigation with, or impoundment of, disinfected secondary-2.2 or disinfected secondary-23 recycled water shall take place within 100 feet of any domestic water supply well. d) No irrigation with, or impoundment of, undisinfected secondary recycled water shall take place within 150 feet of any domestic water supply well. e) Any use of recycled water shall comply with the following: 1. Any irrigation runoff shall be confined to the recycled water use area, unless the runoff does not pose a public health threat and is authorized by the regulatory agency. 2. Spray, mist, or runoff shall not enter dwellings, designated outdoor eating areas, or food handling facilities. 3. Drinking water fountains shall be protected against contact with recycled water spray, mist, or runoff. f) No spray irrigation of any recycled water, other than disinfected tertiary recycled water, shall take place within 100 feet of a residence or a place where public exposure could be similar to that of a park, playground, or school yard. g) All use areas where recycled water is used that are accessible to the public shall be posted with signs that are visible to the public, in a size no less than 4 inches high by 8 inches wide, July 1, 2008 8 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- that include the following wording : "RECYCLED WATER - DO NOT DRINK". Each sign shall display an international symbol similar to that shown in figure 60310-A. The Department may accept alternative signage and wording, or an educational program, provided the applicant demonstrates to the Department that the alternative approach will assure an equivalent degree of public notification. h) Except as allowed under section 7604 of title 17, California Code of Regulations, no physical connection shall be made or allowed to exist between any recycled water system and any separate system conveying potable water. July 1, 2008 9 DOC# 1015155 i) The portions of the recycled water piping system that are in areas subject to access by the general public shall not include any hose bibbs. Only quick couplers that differ from those used on the potable water system shall be used on the portions of the recycled water piping system in areas subject to public access. ---PAGE BREAK--- ARTICLE 5. DUAL PLUMBED RECYCLED WATER SYSTEMS. 60313. General requirements. a) No person other than a recycled water agency shall deliver recycled water to a dual plumbed facility. b) No recycled water agency shall deliver recycled water for any internal use to any individually-owned residential units including freestanding structures, multiplexes, or condominiums. c) No recycled water agency shall deliver recycled water for internal use except for fire suppression systems, to any facility that produces or processes food products or beverages. For purposes of this Subsection, cafeterias or snack bars in a facility whose primary function does not involve the production or processing of foods or beverages are not considered facilities that produce or process foods or beverages. d) No recycled water agency shall deliver recycled water to a facility using a dual plumbed system unless the report required pursuant to section 13522.5 of the Water Code, and which meets the requirements set forth in section 60314, has been submitted to, and approved by, the regulatory agency. 60314. Report submittal a) For dual-plumbed recycled water systems, the report submitted pursuant to section 13522.5 of the Water Code shall contain the following information in addition to the information required by section 60323: 1. A detailed description of the intended use area identifying the following: The number, location, and type of facilities within the use area proposing to use dual plumbed systems, The average number of persons estimated to be served by each facility on a daily basis, The specific boundaries of the proposed use area including a map showing the location of each facility to be served, The person or persons responsible for operation of the dual plumbed system at each facility, and The specific use to be made of the recycled water at each facility. 2. Plans and specifications describing the following: Proposed piping system to be used, Pipe locations of both the recycled and potable systems, Type and location of the outlets and plumbing fixtures that will be accessible to the public, and The methods and devices to be used to prevent backflow of recycled water into the public water system. 3. The methods to be used by the recycled water agency to assure that the installation and operation of the dual plumbed system will not result in cross connections between the recycled water piping system and the potable water piping system. This shall include a d to test the system every ers more than one facility or use site may be submitted me description of pressure, dye or other test methods to be use four years. b) A master plan report that cov provided the report includes the information required by this section. Plans and specifications for individual facilities covered by the report may be submitted at any ti prior to the delivery of recycled water to the facility. July 1, 2008 10 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60315. Design requirements public water supply shall not be used as a backup or supplemental source of water for a l-plumbed recycled water system unless the connection between the two systems is tected by an air gap separation which complies with the requirements of sections 7602 (a 7603 of title 17, California Code of Regulations, an The dua pro ) and d the approval of the public water 603 a) l-plumbed recycled water system and annually thereafter, the Recycled Water Agency shall ensure that the dual plumbed system within ea is inspected for possible cross connections with the potable water hod itted pursuant to section 60314. The inspections and the testing alifornia- Ne certifica written report documenting the result of the inspection or testing for of the i n or testing. b) The the dual-plumbed recycled water system into the potable water system within 24 hours of the dis c) Any backflow prevention device installed to protect the public water system serving the dual- plu rdance with s. ARTIC 60320. Gro echarge a) Re surface all times of a quality that fully protects public health. The State Boa will pot b) The State Department of Health Services' recommendations will be based on all relevant uality ence time; c) public hearing prior to making the final determination regarding the public health aspects of each groundwater recharge project. Final recommendations will be submitted to the Regional Water Quality Control Board in an expeditious manner. y demonstrates to the satisfaction of the State Department of Health at the methods of treatment and reliability features will assure an equal degree of treatment system has been obtained. 16. Operation requirements Prior to the initial operation of the dua each facility and use ar system. The recycled water system shall also be tested for possible cross connections at least once every four years. The testing shall be conducted in accordance with the met described in the report subm shall be performed by a cross connection control specialist certified by the C vada section of the American Water Works Association or an organization with equivalent tion requirements. A the prior year shall be submitted to the department within 30 days following completion nspectio recycled water agency shall notify the department of any incidence of backflow from covery of the incident. mbed recycled water system shall be inspected and maintained in acco section 7605 of Title 17, California Code of Regulation LE 5.1. GROUNDWATER RECHARGE undwater r claimed water used for groundwater recharge of domestic water supply aquifers by spreading shall be at Department of Health Services' recommendations to the Regional Water Quality Control rds for proposed groundwater recharge projects and for expansion of existing projects be made on an individual case basis where the use of reclaimed water involves a ential risk to public health. aspects of each project, including the following factors: treatment provided; effluent q and quantity; spreading area operations; soil characteristics; hydrogeology; resid and distance to withdrawal. The State Department of Health Services will hold a ARTICLE 5.5. OTHER METHODS OF TREATMENT 60320.5. Other methods of treatment Methods of treatment other than those included in this chapter and their reliability features ma be accepted if the applicant th and reliability. July 1, 2008 11 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- ARTICLE 6. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS 21. Sampling and analysis Disinfected secondary-23, disinfected secondary-2.2, and disinfected tertiary recycled wat shall be sampled at least once daily for total coliform bacteria. The samples shall be taken from the disinfected effluent and shall be analyzed by an approved laboratory. Disinfected tertiary recycled water shall be continuously sampled for turbidity using a continuous turbidity meter and recorder following filtration. Compliance with the daily average operating filter effluent turbidity shall be determined by averaging the levels of recorded turbidity taken at four-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. Compliance with turbidity pursuant to section 603 a) er b) 60301.320 and shall be determined using the y be substituted for a period of up to 24-hours. The results of the c) ERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ter b) for ons and any other features specified by the regulatory c) a) b) hall be those meeting requirements established pursuant to Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 13625) of the Water Code. 0327. Maintenance be provided at each reclamation plant to ensure that all ecords shall be maintained at the reclamation plant or a central depository within e: all analyses specified in the reclamation criteria; records of operational problems, plant and equipment breakdowns, and diversions to l; all corrective or preventive action taken. d filed levels of recorded turbidity taken at intervals of no more than 1.2-hours over a 24- hour period. Should the continuous turbidity meter and recorder fail, grab sampling at a minimum frequency of 1.2-hours ma daily average turbidity determinations shall be reported quarterly to the regulatory agency. The producer or supplier of the recycled water shall conduct the sampling required in subsections and ARTICLE 7. ENGINEERING REPORT AND OP 60323. Engineering report a) No person shall produce or supply reclaimed water for direct reuse from a proposed wa reclamation plant unless he files an engineering report. The report shall be prepared by a properly qualified engineer registered in California and experienced in the field of wastewater treatment, and shall contain a description of the design of the proposed reclamation system. The report shall clearly indicate the means compliance with these regulati agency. The report shall contain a contingency plan which will assure that no untreated or inadequately treated wastewater will be delivered to the use area. 60325. Personnel Each reclamation plant shall be provided with a sufficient number of qualified personnel to operate the facility effectively so as to achieve the required level of treatment at all times. Qualified personnel s 6 A preventive maintenance program shall equipment is kept in a reliable operating condition. 60329. Operating records and reports a) Operating r the operating agency. These shall includ emergency storage or disposa b) Process or equipment failures triggering an alarm shall be recorded and maintained as a separate record file. The recorded information shall include the time and cause of failure an corrective action taken. c) A summary of operating records as specified under of this section shall be with the regulatory agency. July 1, 2008 12 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- d) y, the 603 The plan AR UIREMENTS OF DESIGN he design of process piping, equipment arrangement, and unit structures in the reclamation and convenience in operation and maintenance and provide var 603 a) of power from the normal power supply. 4. Failure of a coagulation process. filtration process. . b) c) perintendent, or any other responsible person designated by the management of the reclamation plant and capable of ctive action. In case the reclamation plant is not attended full time, the alarm(s) shall be connected to sound at a police station, fire station or other full ents have been made to alert the person in charge at 603 The s: b) AR 0339. Primary treatment ts producing reclaimed water exclusively for uses for which primary effluent is ary effluent with one unit not in operation. Any discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater to the use area, and the cessation of same, shall be reported immediately by telephone to the regulatory agenc State Department of Health, and the local health officer. 31. Bypass re shall be no bypassing of untreated or partially treated wastewater from the reclamation t or any intermediate unit processes to the point of use. TICLE 8. GENERAL REQ 60333. Flexibility of design T plant must allow for efficiency flexibility of operation to permit the highest possible degree of treatment to be obtained under ying circumstances. 35. Alarms Alarm devices required for various unit processes as specified in other sections of these regulations shall be installed to provide warning of: 1. Loss 2. Failure of a biological treatment process. 3. Failure of a disinfection process. 5. Failure of a 6. Any other specific process failure for which warning is required by the regulatory agency All required alarm devices shall be independent of the normal power supply of the reclamation plant. The person to be warned shall be the plant operator, su taking prompt corre d) Individual alarm devices may be connected to a master alarm to sound at a location where it can be conveniently observed by the attendant. time service unit with which arrangem times that the reclamation plant is unattended. 37. Power supply power supply shall be provided with one of the following reliability feature a) Alarm and standby power source. Alarm and automatically actuated short-term retention or disposal provisions as specified in Section 60341. c) Automatically actuated long-term storage or disposal provisions as specified in Section 60341. TICLE 9. RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR PRIMARY EFFLUENT 6 Reclamation plan permitted shall be provided with one of the following reliability features: a) Multiple primary treatment units capable of producing prim July 1, 2008 13 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- b) Long-term storage or disposal provisions as specified in Section 60341. ote: Use of primary effluent for recycled water is no longer allowed. [repeal of Section 00] age or disposal ) Where short-term retention or disposal provisions are used as a reliability feature, these eserved for the purpose of storing or disposing of untreated or trol, conduits, and pumping and pump e pump back equipment shall be either ovided with a standby power source. b) are used as a reliability feature, these shall n areas, sewers leading to other ny other facilities reserved for the purpose of emergency , and necessary diversion works, provisions for odor and nuisance control, the pump d) ative to emergency disposal of partially treated wastewater. ted short-term retention or disposal provisions and automatically provisions of he necessary sensors, instruments, valves and other ency storage or disposal in the event of failure of a treatment process and a 0343. Primary treatment ing reliability atures: nt units capable of producing primary effluent with one unit not in ity ) Alarm and multiple biological treatment units capable of producing oxidized wastewater with ) Alarm, short-term retention or disposal provisions, and standby replacement equipment. al provisions. d) Automatically actuated long-term storage or disposal provisions. N 60309, effective December 20 ARTICLE 10. RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR FULL TREATMENT 60341. Emergency stor a shall consist of facilities r partially treated wastewater for at least a 24-hour period. The facilities shall include all the necessary diversion devices, provisions for odor con back equipment. All of the equipment other than th independent of the normal power supply or pr Where long-term storage or disposal provisions consist of ponds, reservoirs, percolatio treatment or disposal facilities or a storage or disposal of untreated or partially treated wastewater. These facilities shall be of sufficient capacity to provide disposal or storage of wastewater for at least 20 days shall include all the conduits, and pumping and pump back equipment. All of the equipment other than back equipment shall be either independent of the normal power supply or provided with a standby power source. c) Diversion to a less demanding reuse is an acceptable alternative to emergency disposal of partially treated wastewater provided that the quality of the partially treated wastewater is suitable for the less demanding reuse. Subject to prior approval by the regulatory agency, diversion to a discharge point which requires lesser quality of wastewater is an acceptable altern e) Automatically actua actuated long-term storage or disposal provisions shall include, in addition to or of this section, all t devices to enable fully automatic diversion of untreated or partially treated wastewater to approved emerg manual reset to prevent automatic restart until the failure is corrected. 6 All primary treatment unit processes shall be provided with one of the follow fe a) Multiple primary treatme operation. b) Standby primary treatment unit process. c) Long-term storage or disposal provisions. 60345. Biological treatment All biological treatment unit processes shall be provided with one of the following reliabil features: a one unit not in operation. b c) Alarm and long-term storage or dispos July 1, 2008 14 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60347. Secondary sedimentation secondary sedimentation unit processes shall be provided with one of the following reliab tures: Multiple sedimentation units capable of treating the entire flow with one unit not in operation Standby sedimentation unit process. Long-term storage or disposal provisions. All ility fea a) . b) c) 603 a) b) esses shall be provided with one of the following reliability features: sal provisions, and standby replacement equipment; lation process. 603 All a) b) ent equipment. ) Alarm and long-term storage or disposal provisions. ng-term storage or disposal provisions. a) e chlorine is used as the disinfectant shall be provided d chlorine feed: 2. Manifold systems to connect chlorine cylinders, atic residual control of chlorine dosage, automatic measuring and recording of c) ses where chlorine is used as the disinfectant shall be provided y replacement equipment; or disposal provisions; rm and multiple point chlorination, each with independent power source, separate 49. Coagulation All coagulation unit processes shall be provided with the following mandatory features for uninterrupted coagulant feed: 1. Standby feeders, 2. Adequate chemical stowage and conveyance facilities, 3. Adequate reserve chemical supply, and 4. Automatic dosage control. All coagulation unit proc 1. Alarm and multiple coagulation units capable of treating the entire flow with one unit not in operation; 2. Alarm, short-term retention or dispo 3. Alarm and long-term storage or disposal provisions; 4. Automatically actuated long-term storage or disposal provisions, or 5. Alarm and standby coagu 51. Filtration filtration unit processes shall be provided with one of the following reliability features: Alarm and multiple filter units capable of treating the entire flow with one unit not in operation. Alarm, short-term retention or disposal provisions and standby replacem c d) Automatically actuated lo e) Alarm and standby filtration unit process. 60353. Disinfection All disinfection unit processes wher with the following features for uninterrupte 1. Standby chlorine supply, 3. Chlorine scales, and 4. Automatic devices for switching to full chlorine cylinders. b) Autom chlorine residual, and hydraulic performance studies may also be required. All disinfection unit proces with one of the following reliability features: 1. Alarm and standby chlorinator; 2. Alarm, short-term retention or disposal provisions, and standb 3. Alarm and long-term storage 4. Automatically actuated long-term storage or disposal provisions; or 5. Ala chlorinator, and separate chlorine supply. July 1, 2008 15 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 60355. Other alternatives to reliability requirements app faction of the State Department of Health that the proposed alte qual degree of reliability. Other alternatives to reliability requirements set forth in Articles 8 to 10 may be accepted if the licant demonstrates to the satis rnative will assure an e July 1, 2008 16 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- TITLE 17 CODE OF REGULATIONS DIVISION 1. STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES CHAPTER 5. SANITATION (ENVIRONMENTAL) GROUP 4. DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES ARTICLE 1. GENERAL 7583. Definitions In addition to the definitions in Section 4010.1 of the Health and Safety Code, the following terms are defined for the purpose of this Chapter a) "Approved Water Supply" is a water supply whose potability is regulated by a State of local health agency. b) "Auxiliary Water Supply" is any water supply other than that received from a public water system. c) “Air-gap Separation (AG)" is a physical break between the supply line and a receiving vessel. d) "AWWA Standard" is an official standard developed and approved by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). e) "Cross-Connection" is an unprotected actual or potential connection between a potable water system used to supply water for drinking purposes and any source or system containing unapproved water or a substance that is not or cannot be approved as safe, wholesome, and potable. By-pass arrangements, jumper connections, removable sections, swivel or changeover devices, or other devices through which backflow could occur, shall be considered to be cross-connections. f) "Double Check Valve Assembly (DC)" is an assembly of at least two independently acting check valves including closing shut-off valves on each side of the check valve assembly and test cocks available for testing the water tightness of each check valve. g) "Health Agency" means the California Department of Health Services, or the local health officer with respect to a small water system. h) "Local Health Agency" means the county or city health authority. i) "Reclaimed Water" is a wastewater which as a result of treatment is suitable for uses other than potable use. j) "Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device (RP)" is a backflow preventer incorporating not less than two check valves, an automatically operated differential relief valve located between the two check valves, a closing shut-off valve on each side of the check valve assembly, and equipped with necessary test cocks for testing. k) "User Connection" is the point of connection of a user's piping to the water supplier's facilities. l) "Water Supplier" is the person who owns or operates the public water system. m) "Water User" is any person obtaining water from a public water supply. 7584. Responsibility and scope of program The water supplier shall protect the public water supply from contamination by implementation of a cross-connection control program. The program, or any portion thereof, may be implemented directly by the water supplier or by means of a contract with the local health agency, or with another agency approved by the health agency. The water supplier's cross-connection control program shall for the purpose of addressing the requirements of Sections 7585 through 7605 include, but not be limited to, the following elements: July 1, 2008 17 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- a) The adoption of operating rules or ordinances to implement the cross-connection program. b) The conducting of surveys to identify water user premises where cross-connections are likely to occur, c) The provisions of backflow protection by the water user at the user's connection or within the user's premises or both, d) The provision of at least one person trained in cross-connection control to carry out the cross-connection program, e) The establishment of a procedure or system for testing backflow preventers, and f) The maintenance of records of locations, tests, and repairs of backflow preventers. 7585. Evaluation of hazard The water supplier shall evaluate the degree of potential health hazard to the public water supply which may be created as a result of conditions existing on a user's premises. The water supplier, however, shall not be responsible for abatement of cross-connections which may exist within a user's premises. As a minimum, the evaluation should consider: the existence of cross- connections, the nature of materials handled on the property, the probability of a backflow occurring, the degree of piping system complexity and the potential for piping system modification. Special consideration shall be given to the premises of the following types of water users: a) Premises where substances harmful to health are handled under pressure in a manner which could permit their entry into the public water system. This includes chemical or biological process waters and water from public water supplies which have deteriorated in sanitary quality. b) Premises having an auxiliary water supply, unless the auxiliary supply is accepted as an additional source by the water supplier and is approved by the health agency. c) Premises that have internal cross-connections that are not abated to the satisfaction of the water supplier or the health agency. d) Premises where cross-connections are likely to occur and entry is restricted so that cross- connection inspections cannot be made with sufficient frequency or at sufficiently short notice to assure that cross-connections do not exist. e) Premises having a repeated history of cross-connections being established or re- established. 7586. User supervisor The health agency and water supplier may, at their discretion, require an industrial water user to designate a user supervisor when the water user's premises has a multi-piping system that convey various types of fluids, some of which may be hazardous and where changes in the piping system are frequently made. The user supervisor shall be responsible for the avoidance of cross-connections during the installation, operation and maintenance of the water user's pipelines and equipment. ARTICLE 2. PROTECTION OF WATER SYSTEM 7601. Approval of backflow preventers Backflow preventers required by this Chapter shall have passed laboratory and field evaluation tests performed by a recognized testing organization which has demonstrated their competency to perform such tests to the Department. July 1, 2008 18 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- 7602. Construction of backflow preventers a) Air-gap Separation. An Air-gap separation (AG) shall be at least double the diameter of the supply pipe, measured vertically from the flood rim of the receiving vessel to the supply pipe; however, in no case shall this separation be less than one inch. b) Double Check Valve Assembly. A required double check valve assembly (DC) shall, as a minimum, conform to the AWWA Standard C506-78 (R83) adopted on January 28, 1978 for Double Check Valve Type Backflow Preventive Devices which is herein incorporated by reference. c) Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device. A required reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device (RP) shall, as a minimum, conform to the AWWA Standard C506-78 (R83) adopted on January 28, 1978 for Reduced Pressure Principle Type Backflow Prevention Devices which is herein incorporated by reference. 7603. Location of backflow preventers a) Air-gap Separation. An air-gap separation shall be located as close as practical to the user's connection and all piping between the user's connection and the receiving tank shall be entirely visible unless otherwise approved in writing by the water supplier and the health agency. b) Double Check Valve Assembly. A double check valve assembly shall be located as close as practical to the user's connection and shall be installed above grade, if possible, and in a manner where it is readily accessible for testing and maintenance. c) Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device. A reduced pressure principle backflow prevention device shall be located as close as practical to the user's connection and shall be installed a minimum of twelve inches (12") above grade and not more than thirty-six inches (36") above grade measured from the bottom of the device and with a minimum of twelve inches (12") side clearance. 7604. Type of protection required. The type of protection that shall be provided to prevent backflow into the public water supply shall be commensurate with the degree of hazard that exists on the consumer's premises. The type of protective device that may be required (listed in an increasing level of protection) includes: Double check Valve Assembly--(DC), Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device--(RP) and an Air gap Separation--(AG). The water user may choose a higher level of protection than required by the water supplier. The minimum types of backflow protection required to protect the public water supply, at the water user's connection to premises with various degrees of hazard, are given in Table 1. Situations not covered in Table 1 shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and the appropriate backflow protection shall be determined by the water supplier or health agency. Table 1. Type of Backflow Protection Required Degree of Hazard Minimum Type of Backflow Prevention Sewage and Hazardous Substances Premises where there are wastewater pumping and/or treatment plants and there is no interconnection with the potable water system. This does not include a single-family residence that has a sewage lift pump. A RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and water supplier. AG July 1, 2008 19 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- Degree of Hazard Minimum Type of Backflow Prevention Premises where hazardous substances are handled in any manner in which the substances may enter the potable water system. This does not include a single-family residence that has a sewage lift pump. A RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and water supplier. AG Premises where there are irrigation systems into which fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides are, or can be, injected. RP Auxiliary Water Supplies Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply which is interconnected with the public water system. A RP or DC may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and water supplier. AG Premises where there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply and there are no interconnections with the public water system. A DC may be provided in lieu of a RP if approved by the health agency and water supplier. RP Recycled Water Premises where the public water system is used to supplement the recycled water supply. AG Premises where recycled water is used, other than as allowed in paragraph and there is no interconnection with the potable water system. RP Residences using recycled water for landscape irrigation as part of an approved dual plumbed use area established pursuant to sections 60313 through 60316 unless the recycled water supplier obtains approval of the local public water supplier, or the Department if the water supplier is also the supplier of the recycled water, to utilize an alternative backflow protection plan that includes an annual inspection and annual shutdown test of the recycled water and potable water systems pursuant to subsection 60316(a). DC Fire Protection Systems Premises where the fire system is directly supplied from the public water system and there is an unapproved auxiliary water supply on or to the premises (not interconnected). DC Premises where the fire system is supplied from the public water system and interconnected with an unapproved auxiliary water supply. A RP may be provided in lieu of an AG if approved by the health agency and water supplier. AG Premises where the fire system is supplied from the public water system and where either elevated storage tanks or fire pumps which take suction from private reservoirs or tanks are used. DC Buildings where the fire system is supplied from the public water system and where recycled water is used in a separate piping system within the same building. DC Dockside Watering Points and Marine Facilities Pier hydrants for supplying water to vessels for any purpose. RP Premises where there are marine facilities. RP Premises where entry is restricted so that inspections for cross-connections cannot be made with sufficient frequency or at sufficiently short notice to assure that they do not exist. RP Premises where there is a repeated history of cross-connections being established or re-established. RP July 1, 2008 20 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 7605. Testing and maintenance of backflow preventers a) The water supplier shall assure that adequate maintenance and periodic testing are provided by the water user to ensure their proper operation. b) Backflow preventers shall be tested by persons who have demonstrated their competency in testing of these devices to the water supplier or health agency. c) Backflow preventers shall be tested at least annually or more frequently if determined to be necessary by the health agency or water supplier. When devices are found to be defective, they shall be repaired or replaced in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter. d) Backflow preventers shall be tested immediately after they are installed, relocated or repaired and not placed in service unless they are functioning as required. e) The water supplier shall notify the water user when testing of backflow preventers is needed. The notice shall contain the date when the test must be completed. f) Reports of testing and maintenance shall be maintained by the water supplier for a minimum of three years. July 1, 2008 21 DOC# 1015155 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 4 Districts’ Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board Water Recycling Permits: Board Order No. R6V-2006-009, Master Water Recycling Requirements, Los Angeles County Sanitation District No. 14 (Lancaster), Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water ---PAGE BREAK--- DOC #1072857 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 5 District Nos. 14 and 20 Ordinances Providing for the Establishment and Enforcement of Regulations Pursuant to Water Recycling Requirements for Recycled Water Users ---PAGE BREAK--- O R D I N A N C E P R O V I D I N G F O R T H E E S T A B L I S H M E N T A N D E N F O R C E M E N T O F R E G U L A T I O N S F O R R E C Y C L E D W A T E R U S E R S The Board of Directors of County Sanitation District No. 14 of Los Angeles County (hereinafter "District") ordains as follows: I. AUTHORITY This Ordinance is enacted pursuant to authority contained in the County Sanitation District Act, California Health and Safety Code Sections 4700 et seq., and exercises authority conferred by law including but not limited to Division 7, Chapter 7, Article 4, Sections 13520 et sty. of the Water Code. 2. SHORT TI'TLE This Ordinance sllall be known :is the Water Recycling Ordinance and may he cited as such. 3. PURPOSE The purpose of this Odinancc is to provide fvr the establishment and enforcement of regulations pertaining to the administration of a Master Recycling Permit issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region ("Lahontan Regional Board") pursuant to Water Code Section 13523.1. This Ordinance will govern th,e use of recycled water in accordance with the Water Recycling Criteria established by the California Department of Health Services pursuant to Water Code Section L3521, and codified in Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations. 4. FINDINGS AND DETERMINATIONS For over forty years, the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, including District No. 14, have owned and operated wastewater treatment plants capable of producing water that meets all requirements for recycled water, including but not limited to regulations and other directives issued by the California Department of Health Services and the Lahontan Regional Board. The District is the producer of disinfected tertiary recycled water and supplies recycled water under a Master Recycling Permit to Users, including governmental agencies and private partles. 5. APPLICATION This Ordinance shall apply to any and all Users to whom the District distributes recycled water, either directly or through an intermediate party. ---PAGE BREAK--- 6. DEFINITIONS For purposes of this Ordinance, the following definitions shall apply to the following terms: a) "Authorized Recycled Water Use Site" is a site authorized for use of recycled water under a Master Recycling Permit. The uses of recycled water and the site location must comply with permit conditions; also referred to as "Authorized Site." b) "Master Recycling Permit" is a permit issued to a supplier or a distributor, or both, of recycled water, that includes waste discharge requirements prescribed pursuant to Section 13263 and water recycling requirements pursuant to Section 13523.1 of the Water Code. c) "Person" is any individual, partnership, corporation, governmental subdivision or unit of a governmental subdivision, or public or private organization or entity of any character. d) "Kecycled water" is water which, as a result of treatment of waste, is suitable for a direct beneficial use or a controlled use that would not otherwise occur, and is therefore considered a valuable resource. e) "Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region" is ;I California regional water quality control board, as specified in Water Code Section 13200, thar exercises jurisdiction over the District; also referred to as "Lahontan Regional Board." "State Water Resources Control Board" is an agency of the state of California created by the Legislature and exercising its powers pursuant to rhe Porter-Cologne Water Qualily Control Act, Water Code Section 13000 ef sey. g) "User" is any person to whom the District distributes recycled water, including end users to whom recycled water is conveyed through an interrnetliate party. h) "Water Recycling Criteria" are the criteria established by the California Department of Health Se~vices generally dealing with the levels of constil~lents of recycled water, and the means for assurance of reliability under the design concept, which will ~-esult in safe recycled water fro111 the standpoint of public health. The criteria are established pursuant to Water Code Section 13521, and are contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 22. Division 4, Chapter 3; also referred to as the "Unifonn Statewide Reclamation Criteria." 7. ADMINISTRATION The District shall administer this Ordinance so as to comply with the terms and conditions of its Master Recycling Permit, which requires Lhe District to establish and enforce regulations governing the use of recycled water in accorclance with the Water Recycling Criteria established by the California Department of Health Services. 8. REQUIREMENTS A. A User who receives the District's recycled water must with the terms of this Ordinance and with the following requirements: I ) Water Recycling Criteria, as established by the California Department of Health Services, Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3 of the California Code of ~e~ulations;' ---PAGE BREAK--- 2) Requirements, rules, regulations, and/or restrictions established by the California State Water Resources Control ~ o a r d ; ~ 3) Requirements, rules, regulations, and/or restrictions established by the Lahontan Regional ~ o a r d ; ~ 4) Requirements, rules, regulations and/or restrictions within Master Recycling Permits, which are incorporated herein and made a part hereof, to the extent that they are applicable to persons subject to the Ordinance; 5 ) Requirements, rules, regulations, and/or restrictions, pertaining to the quality of recycled water, adopted by any agency maintaining jurisdiction over any person subject to this Ordinance; A User must keep apprised of any changes to the foregoing requirements. A User must conform to m y applicable changes to the requirements; a violation thereof is the User's sole responsibility. A violation of any of the foregoing requirements will constitute a violation of this Ordinance. U. A person seeking to operate a proposed Authorized Recycled Water Use Site ("Authorized Site"), and directly receive the District's water, must comply with the following: 1) 'The person must file an application therefore with the District 2) The person must execute a User Agreement, which includes the District's terms and conditions for use of recycled water at the Authorized Site, including information required by Water Code section 13523.1. Any violation of a User Agreement shall be EI violation of this Ordinance and as such. A person seeking to operatc a proposed Authorized Site, and receive the District's recycled water through an intermediary, nlust file an application with the intermediate party prior to any delivery of recycled water. Such application shall not be effectivc until it hits been approved by the District. 9. ENFORCEMENT The ChielEngineer and General Manager of the District shall administer, implement, and enforce the provisions of this Ordinance. Any powers granted to or duties imposed upon the Chief Engineer and General Manager may be delegated to persons acting in [he bencficial interest of or in the employ of the District. 10. VIOLATION A. A violation of this Ordinance shall constitute n basis for rescission of iiny IJser Agreement. B. A violation of this Ordinance may constitute a basis for immediate cessation of recycled water delivery. ---PAGE BREAK--- C. The Chief Engineer shall adopt notice and hearing proccdures to implement this section, which shall be consistent with the rights afforded by due process. 11. VALIDITY If any part, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is held invalid or unconstitutionill for any reason by any court, that decision does not affect the validity or constitutionality of the remainder OF this Ordioance. The Board of Directors declares that it would have adopted each provision of this Ordinance irrespective of the validity of any other provision. PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED THIS 2% day of August 2006 . &W Chairoerson. Board of Directors PRO TEM County Sanitation District No. 14 of Los Angeles County ~lerk!~oarcl of Directors County Sanitation District No. 14 of Los Angeles Counly PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of Directors of County Sanitation District No. 14 of Los Angeles County on August 23, 2006 by the following vote: AYES: Dit-ectors Hear-ns and Antonovich NOES: Nonc ABSENT: Director Ledford County sanitation District No. 14 of Los Angeles County ---PAGE BREAK--- O R D I N A N C E P R O V I D I N G F O R T H E E S T A B L I S H M E N T A N D E N F O R C E M E N T O F R E G U L A T I O N S P U R S U A N T T O W A T E R R E C Y C L I N G R E Q U I R E M E N T S F O R R E C Y C L E D W A T E R U S E R S The Board of Directors of County Sanitation District No. 20 of Los Angeles County (hereinafter "District") ordains as follows: 1. AUTHORITY This Ordinance is enacted pursuant to authority contained in the County Sanitation District Act, California Health and Safety Code Sections 4700 et seq., and exercises authority conferred by law including but not limited to Division 7, Chapter 7, Article 4, Sections 13520 et seq. of the Water Code. 2. SHORT TITLE This Ordinance shall be known as the District No. 20 Recycled Water Ordinance and may be cited as such. 3. PURPOSE The purpose of this Ordinance is to provide for the establishment and enforcement of regulations pertaining to the administration of waste discharge requirements ("WDRs") issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Lahontan Region ("Regional Board"), pursuant to Water Code Section 13263, water reclamation requirements ("WRRs") issued pursuant to Section 13523, or a master reclamation permit ("Master Permit") issued pursuant to Section 13523.1. This Ordinance will govern the use of recycled water in accordance with the Water Recycling Criteria established by the California Department of Health Services ("DHS") pursuant to Water Code Section 13521, and codified in Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations. 4. FINDINGS AND DETERMINATIONS For over forty years, the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County have owned and operated wastewater treatment plants capable of producing water that meets all requirements for recycled water, including but not limited to regulations and other directives issued by the DHS and the Regional Board. No person may recycle water or use recycled water until a California Regional Water Quality Control Board either establishes WDRs, WRRs, or Master Permits (collectively, "Permits") or determines that no such Permits are necessary.' As the producer of recycled water, the District oversees the production and use of recycled water pursuant to Permits issued by the Regional Board. ' California Water Code 13524. Agenda Item No. 10 Pg -1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5. APPLICATION This Ordinance shall apply to any and all Users to whom the District distributes recycled water, either directly or through an intermediate party, including Purveyors that act as such intermediate parties in delivering recycled water to Users. 6. DEFINITIONS For purposes of this Ordinance, the following definitions shall apply to the following terms: a) "Authorized Recycled Water Use Site" is a site authorized for use of recycled water; the uses of recycled water and the site location must comply with Pexmits as issued by the Regional Board. b) "Chief Engineer" is the Chief Engineer and General Manager of the District. c) "Master Reclamation Permit" contains requirements established by the Regional Board pursuant to Water Code Section 13523.1. d) "Person" is any individual, partnership, corporation, governmental subdivision or unit of a governmental subdivision, or public or private organization or entity of any character. e) "Purveyor" is any public, private, investor-owned, or other water utility that is legally permitted to distribute water and that obtains recycled water from the District for distribution to Users. f) "Recycled water" is water which, as a result of treatment of waste, is suitable for a direct beneficial use or a controlled use that would not otherwise occur, and is therefore considered a valuable resource. g) "Regulations" are requirements established by the Chief Engineer that govern the design and construction of recycled water use facilities and the use of recycled water, in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Reclamation Criteria. These may also be called the District's "Requirements for Recycled Water Users." h) "State Water Resources Control Board" is an agency of the state of California created by the Legislature and exercising its powers pursuant to the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act, Water Code Section 13000 et seq. i) "User" is any person to whom the District distributes recycled water under the Permits issued to the District by the Regional Board, including end users to whom recycled water is conveyed through an intermediate party. User does not include persons who have been independently issued Permits from the Regional Board. j) "User Agreement" is a contractual agreement between the User andor Purveyor and the District that establishes the conditions for recycled water service and use. k) "Waste Discharge Requirements" are requirements that are established by the Regional Board pursuant to Water Code Section 13263. 1) "Water Recycling Criteria" are the criteria established by the DHS generally dealing with the levels of constituents of recycled water, and the means for assurance of reliability under the design concept, which will result in safe recycled water from the standpoint of public health. The criteria are established pursuant to Water Code Section 13521, and are contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3; also referred to as the "Uniform Statewide Reclamation Criteria." m) "Water Recycling Requirements" are requirements that are established by the Regional Board pursuant to Water Code section 13523. Agenda Item NO. lo ---PAGE BREAK--- 7. ADMINISTRATION The District shall administer this Ordinance so as to comply with the terms and conditions of Permits as issued by the Regional Board. 8. REQUIREMENTS A. A User and/or Purveyor who receives the District's recycled water must comply with the terms of this Ordinance and with the following requirements: 1) Water Recycling Criteria, as established by the California Department of Health Services, Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations; 2) Requirements, rules, regulations, and/or restrictions established by the California State Water Resources Control Board; 3) Requirements, rules, regulations, and/or restrictions established by the Regional Board. 4) Permits issued by the Regional Board, which are incorporated herein and made a part hereof, to the extent that they are applicable to persons subject to this Ordinance; 5) Requirements, rules, regulations, and/or restrictions, pertaining to the quality of recycled water, adopted by any agency maintaining jurisdiction over any person subject to this Ordinance; 6) Regulations adopted by the Chief Engineer pursuant to Section 9 of this Ordinance. A User and/or Purveyor must keep apprised of any changes to the foregoing requirements. A User and/or Purveyor must conform to any applicable changes to the requirements; a violation thereof is the User's and/or Purveyor's sole responsibility. A violation of any of the foregoing requirements will constitute a violation of this Ordinance. B. A person seeking to operate a proposed Authorized Recycled Water Use Site ("Authorized Site"), and directly receive the District's recycled water, must comply with the following: 1) The person must file an application therefore with the District prior to using the recycled water. Persons who have already executed a User Agreement with the District are exempt from this requirement until such time as the Agreement is amended or revised. 2) The person must execute a User Agreement, which includes the District's terms and conditions for use of recycled water at the Authorized Site. Any violation of a User Agreement shall be a violation of this Ordinance and punishable as such. Any Person that has been a User for more than one year prior to the effective date of this Ordinance, and has otherwise been in conformance with all legal requirements and directives of the District, shall be exempt from this subparagraph for a period of one year from said effective date. A person seeking to operate a proposed Authorized Site, and receive the District's recycled water through a Purveyor, must file an application with the Purveyor prior to any delivery of recycled water. Such application shall not be effective until it has been approved by the District. Agenda Item No. 10 Pg ---PAGE BREAK--- 9. ENFORCEMENT The Chief Engineer is granted authority to establish Regulations governing the use of recycled water as necessary, which shall be in accordance with existing law. The Chief Engineer shall administer, implement, and enforce the provisions of this Ordinance. Any powers granted to or duties imposed upon the Chief Engineer may be delegated to persons acting in the beneficial interest of or in the employ of the District. 10. VIOLATION A. Upon a written determination of the Chief Engineer that a violation of this Ordinance has occurred, such action shall constitute a basis for: 1) termination of any User Agreement 2) immediate cessation of recycled water delivery B. The Chief Engineer shall adopt notice and hearing procedures to implement this section, which shall be consistent with the rights afforded by due process. Agenda Item No. 10 Pg - 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- VALIDITY If any part, section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is held invalid or unconstitutional for any reason by any court, that decision does not affect the validity or constitutionality of the remainder of this Ordinance. The Board of Dhctom declares that it would have adopted each provision of this Ordinance irrespective of the validity of any other provision. ATTEST: County Sanitation District No. 20 of Los Angeles County PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Board of Directors of County Sanitation District No. 20 of Los Angeles County on February 28, 2007 , by the following vote: AYES: NOES: Two Directors Lcdford, and Yaroslavsky None ABSENT: one ( I ) Director Dispenza County Sanitation District No. 20 of Los Angeles County Agenda Item No. 10 Pg 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 6 Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Forms and Guidelines ---PAGE BREAK--- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Forms and Guidelines July 1, 2008 1 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 2 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 3 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 4 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 5 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 6 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 7 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- July 1, 2008 8 DOC# 1015159 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 7 User Application Form ---PAGE BREAK--- COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY APPLICATION FOR RECYCLED WATER USE Sanitation Districts No. 14 and 20 GENERAL INFORMATION Date: Project Name: Location: Type of Site or Development: Brief Description of Proposed Use of Recycled Water: For Irrigation Sites, the Total Number of Acres or Square Feet to be Irrigated with Recycled Water: Expected Date to Commence Recycled Water Service (Month/Year): Estimated Water Requirements (AFY/MGD): Average Peak Demand (GPM): Purveyor: Owner: Address: Phone: Operator: Address: Phone: Contact: Title: Address: Email: Phone: Cell Phone: DOC# 1015174 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- ITEMS REQUESTED FOR ATTACHMENT TO THIS FORM 9 Site Description and Information • A map showing the specific boundaries of the proposed Site(s) - for irrigation sites, include the total number of acres or square feet to be irrigated with recycled water. • The name and contact information (title, address, phone number, cell phone number, and email) for the person or persons responsible for operation and maintenance of the site (O&M Staff), including the person designated as the Site Supervisor for each proposed site. • Evidence that the O&M Staff and Site Supervisor have received sufficient training (or the date when training will occur prior to delivery of recycled water) such that the site is operated and maintained in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, local health department requirements, the Districts’ permit(s) issued by the Regional Water Quality Control Board, and the Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Users. • The description of the specific use to be made of the recycled water at each Site. Design plans and a description of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that show that the use does not unreasonably affect present and anticipated beneficial uses of water, or result in water quality less than that prescribed in water quality control plans or policies. • Application of recycled water at agronomic rates. • Erosion control. • Fertilizer control. • Runoff prevention. Description of other BMPs used at the Site for Protection of Public Health • Use of buffer zones • Plans to discontinue application of recycled water during precipitation events, which are of sufficient magnitude to generate surface flow within the Site. • Use of devices that protect drinking water fountains against contact with recycled water spray, mist, or surface flow. • Irrigation schedules. • Signs and locations. • Marking of recycled water piping and appurtenances. Plans and specifications • Proposed piping systems to be used. • Pipe locations for both recycled and potable systems. • Type and location of the outlets and plumbing fixtures that will be accessible to the public. • The methods and devices to be used to prevent backflow of recycled water into the potable water system. Copy of the Recycled Water System Operations Manual or the date by which the Manual will be submitted prior to delivery of recycled water Copy of the Emergency Cross-Connection Response Plan or the date by which the Plan will be submitted prior to delivery of recycled water DOC# 1015174 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 2 of 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 8 Emergency Cross Connection Response Plan ---PAGE BREAK--- COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY EMERGENCY CROSS-CONNECTION RESPONSE PLAN Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 In the event that a cross-connection is discovered, you should immediately notify the Districts by telephone, and the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, the California Department of Public Health, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, and your purveyor. The following procedures will be implemented immediately: Site Name: Site Address: Date of Procedure: Names of People Present During Procedure: Name Affiliation /Title 1. 2. 3. 4. PROCEDURE Check When Completed 9 Step 1. Keep potable water system pressurized and post “Do Not Drink” signs at all potable water fixtures and outlets. Step 2. Immediately shut down the recycled water system to the facility at the meter. Step 3. Contact the water purveyor for collection of water samples and perform a 24-hour bacteriological analysis. Water samples should be collected from the closest acceptable point to the cross-connection. Step 4. Identify the cause and location of backflow and eliminate the cross-connection. Step 5. Conduct a cross-connection pressure test to verify that all cross-connections were eliminated. Step 6. If the bacteriological analysis conducted in Step 3 is positive, chlorinate the potable water system maintaining a chlorine residual of at least 50 mg/L for 24 hours. Otherwise proceed to Step 9. Step 7. Flush the potable water system after 24 hours and perform standard bacteriological analysis. Step 8. If the results from Step 7 are acceptable, proceed to Step 9. Otherwise repeat Steps 6-7. Step 9. Remove warning signs and reactivate system. DOC# 1015166 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Step 10. Revise the drawings of the recycled water and potable water systems to reflect any changes made in eliminating the cross-connection. Step 11. Submit revisions to appropriate agencies. DESCRIBE NATURE AND LOCATION OF CROSS-CONNECTION AND MEANS OF CORRECTION DOC# 1015166 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 2 of 2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 9 Districts’ Site Inspection Response Form ---PAGE BREAK--- DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 7 REUSE SITE INSPECTION REPORT COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY District Nos. 14 and 20 Recycled Water User: Location of Site: Type of Use: Date & Time of Inspection: Name of Inspector: Name of User Representative/Title: VERIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE INSPECTION AND ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM Is recycled water used for any purposes not listed in the Regional Water Quality Control Board permit(s)? If yes, please provide an explanation in the space below. † Yes † No Have there been any changes or modifications to the recycled water system? If yes, please provide an explanation in the space below. † Yes † No Has there been a change in the Site Supervisor? If yes, please provide updated information in the space below. † Yes † No Has on-site staff received appropriate training? If no, please explain in the space below when training will be provided. † Yes † No ---PAGE BREAK--- Reuse Site: Date: Are copies of the Site Operation Manual, Emergency Cross- Connection Response Plan, and Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users available to employees at all times? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are there complete and up-to-date O&M records for the recycled water system? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No INSPECTION OF USER OPERATIONS Is irrigation limited to the authorized use areas? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Is recycled water running off from the authorized use area through surface runoff or windblown spray? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected, and make note of the source, volume, and destination of the runoff. † Yes † No Are any unusual odors associated with the recycled water use, supply, or storage? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Is there any evidence of ponding of recycled water? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 2 of 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Reuse Site: Date: Is there any evidence of mosquito breeding? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are signs properly placed, labeled and legible with regard to not drinking recycled water? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are tags visible and legible? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Is there any evidence of overflows, erosion, or improper management of impoundments? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected † Yes † No Are there any leaks or breaks in the irrigation system piping or evidence of plugged, broken, or otherwise faulty irrigation components including sprinklers? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Is recycled water being sprayed directly on people, dwellings, food- handling facilities, or drinking fountains? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected † Yes † No DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 3 of 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Reuse Site: Date: Is irrigation system being operated during periods of minimal human use with adequate time to dry-out before public use? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Does irrigation take place within 50 feet of any domestic water supply well? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Does impoundment of disinfected tertiary recycled water occur within 100 feet of any domestic water supply well? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Does irrigation take place within 50 feet of any uncovered reservoir or stream currently used as a source of domestic water? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are all impoundments property maintained and adequately protected from erosion, washout, and flooding from a 24-hour rainfall event having a predicted frequency of once in 100 years? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are there any hose bibbs in the recycled water system? If yes, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 4 of 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Reuse Site: Date: Are pipes properly maintained and marked? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are valves and controllers properly maintained and marked? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are points of connection properly maintained and marked? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are other recycled water facilities and control systems including but not limited to pump stations, storage facilities and pressure reducers properly maintained? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Is backflow prevention in place? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Is there a schedule for testing backflow prevention and is testing up to date? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. Date of Last Test: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ † Yes † No DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 5 of 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Reuse Site: Date: Is there a need for cross-connection testing due to major modifications to the system? If yes, in the space below explain when the testing will be conducted. † Yes † No Are best management practices being used to prevent erosion control and runoff? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. † Yes † No Are best management practices being used to irrigate at agronomic rates? If no, please explain in the space below how and when this will be corrected. Is fertilizer being used? If yes explain below how best management practices are being used to protect water quality. † Yes † No REQUIRED ACTION/FOLLOW-UP ACTION † None † Yes by District – List Compliance Date Date Achieved † Yes by User – List DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 6 of 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Reuse Site: Date: DOC# 1015167 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 7 of 7 ADDITIONAL COMMENTS SIGNATURES Inspector’s signature: Date: Site Supervisor’s signature: Date: ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 10 Recycled Water Spill Report Form ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER SPILL NOTIFICATION The Districts’ Requirements for Recycled Water Users contain specific provisions for reporting spills or unauthorized discharges. Timely notifications must be made even if all the information is not available! For any unauthorized discharge of more than 50,000 gallons of tertiary recycled water, once you know this has occurred, the Site Supervisor must: • Immediately (but not later than two hours after the discharge) notify the Districts by telephone and provide the information below. • Immediately (but not later than two hours after the discharge) notify the following agencies by phone or electronic means email, or fax) and provide the information below: o Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board o California Department of Public Health (CDPH) o Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LACDPH) or local health department • Provide written confirmation to the same agencies within three business days from the date of notification electronically email or fax) using the form below or by providing the same information in a letter or memo. For any spills or other release of recycled water from a use site other than minor runoff, once you know this has occurred, the Site Supervisor must: • Immediately (but not later than two hours after the spill) notify the Districts by telephone and provide the information below. • Provide written confirmation to the Districts within three business days from the date of notification electronically email or fax) using the form below or by providing the same information. Provide the following information when you notify the agencies: • Date and time the spill began and ended • Location of the spill • If the spill entered a storm drain or receiving water • Estimated volume of the spill or flow if the spill is ongoing • Estimated time of repair • Cause of the spill • Agencies involved with repair and clean-up • Corrective actions taken or plans for corrective actions See next page for contact information DOC# 1015169 Dist. 14/20 - July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Spill Contact Information Districts Spill Reporting Hotline: [PHONE REDACTED] Contact: Water Recycling Coordinator Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board Phone: [PHONE REDACTED] Contact: Mary Dellavalle or Curt Shifrer Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] or [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] California Department of Public Health Phone: [PHONE REDACTED] Contact: Call will be directed to the appropriate person Email: Kurt Souza ([EMAIL REDACTED]) Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Phone: [PHONE REDACTED] or [PHONE REDACTED] (after business hours) Contact: Eric Edwards, Acting Chief EHS Email: [EMAIL REDACTED] Fax: [PHONE REDACTED] DOC# 1015169 Dist. 14/20 - July 1, 2008 Page 2 of 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- COUNTY SANITATION DISTRICTS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY RECYCLED WATER SPILL REPORTING FORM Sanitation Districts No. 14 and 20 Name: Phone: Agency: Site Name: Location: Date: Contact for Follow-up (Name/Phone): INFORMATION ON SPILL OR UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE Date/time spill or discharge began: Date/time spill or discharge ended: Location of spill or discharge: Did the recycled water enter or will it enter storm drains or receiving waters rivers, creeks, lakes, or ocean); if so identify. Estimated volume of spill or discharge (gallons): Estimated time of repair: If still ongoing, estimate flow rate (gallons/minute): Agencies/entities involved with repair and/or clean-up: Cause of the spill or discharge: Corrective actions taken and when, or plan to correct spill/discharge: DOC# 1015169 Dist. 14/20 - July 1, 2008 Page 3 of 3 ---PAGE BREAK--- Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Users Handbook TAB 11 Recycled Water Site Contact Information Form ---PAGE BREAK--- County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County Recycled Water Site Contact Information Form Sanitation District Nos. 14 and 20 Name of Recycled Water User: Location of Site: Address: Phone: Fax: Recycled Water Site Supervisor: Title: Direct Phone: Fax: Cell: Pager: Email: Home Phone: Work Schedule: Assistant Supervisor (if applicable): Title: Direct Phone: Pager: Cell: Email: Please email this form to: [EMAIL REDACTED] DOC# 1015170 Dist. 14/20 – July 1, 2008 Page 1 of 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix H - Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User Manual (Please see DVD insert) ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Supervisor Do’s and Don’ts Final February 15, 2005 “On-Site” Supervisor Do’s and Don’ts Do’s • Install and maintain signs at all points of entry (pedestrian and vehicular) • Install and maintain labels and tags on recycled and potable water systems • Operate irrigation system: • Between 10 p.m.–6 a.m. if automatically controlled (unless other restrictions apply) • At other times if manually controlled and supervised (someone present) to make sure the recycled water doesn’t come in contact with the public • At any time if use site is restricted to the general public • Use quick couplers instead of hose bibbs • Contact “provider” if any water system (potable or recycled) modifications are anticipated • Immediately contact water utility and/or recycled water producer if any of the following has occurred: • A recycled water line break, spill or off-site discharge of recycled water • A violation of water recycling requirements • A cross-connection between the recycled and potable water systems • Educate/train site workers on safe use and restrictions of recycled water • Keep records and as-built drawings up-to-date and accessible • Assist and cooperate during Periodic Visual Inspections • Assist and cooperate during Periodic Cross-Connection Testing Don’ts • Don’t drink recycled water • Don’t use recycled water to wash hands or any other part of body • Don’t remove recycled water identification signs, tags or labels • Don’t cross-connect two dissimilar water systems (recycled to potable) • Don’t allow recycled water to contact drinking fountains or eating areas • Don’t allow recycled water to pond or puddle • Don’t allow recycled water to runoff the use site property by either overspray or overwatering • Don’t use recycled water on an unapproved site • Don’t put hose bibbs on recycled water systems (unless public access is restricted) • Don’t use the same equipment on both recycled water and domestic water systems (for example, quick couplers, tools, etc.) • Don’t modify any water system without prior approval of provider and/or Health Department ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Table of Contents Final February 15, 2005 i TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE INTRODUCTION WHAT IS RECYCLED WHAT ARE “DUAL SOURCE” BENEFITS OF RECYCLED WATER ARE THERE DISADVANTAGES TO USING RECYCLED WATER? NEED FOR USER’S SECTION A GENERAL REGULATORY SYSTEM USER AGREEMENT AND RATE AND FEE SCHEDULE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AUTHORIZED APPROVED USE WATER SUPPLY SECTION B DESIGN & DESIGN RECYCLED WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM Backup Water Source FIRE PROTECTION PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER SERVICE SECTION C OPERATION & CONDITIONS OF SERVICE Runoff Ponding Windblown Spray Unapproved Use in Unapproved DESIGNATION OF SITE SUPERVISOR PERSONNEL PERIODS OF HOSE BIBBS DRINKING ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Table of Contents Final February 15, 2005 ii EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE PERIODIC SITE EMERGENCY Emergency Unauthorized Contamination of Drinking Water VIOLATIONS NOTIFICATION CORRECTIVE ACTION CAUSES FOR TERMINATION OF SECTION D MARKING & PIPING, BELOW-GRADE Identification of Recycled Water Identification of Potable Water Identification of Non-Potable Water Identification of Existing Below-Grade Water PIPING, ETC., ABOVE-GRADE Quick Coupling Gate Remote Control SPRINKLER HEADS SYSTEM CONTROL STORAGE TANKS & IMPOUNDMENTS OTHER DEVICES VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION POSTING APPROVED USE SECTION E CROSS-CONNECTION PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS INITIAL CROSS-CONNECTION TEST FINAL CROSS-CONNECTION TEST PERIODIC CROSS-CONNECTION TESTING EMERGENCY CROSS-CONNECTION RESPONSE PLAN SECTION F REUSE SITE PRESSURE-TESTING SECTION G SAMPLE FORMS AND SITE SPECIFIC SUMMARY OF STEPS TO OBTAIN RECYCLED WATER SECTION F LOCAL GOVERNING SECTION G DEFINITIONS SECTION H TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL SALT Type of Plants ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Table of Contents Final February 15, 2005 iii Soil Types Irrigation NUTRIENTS Fertilizer Value Ornamental Increased ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Foreword Final February 15, 2005 1 FOREWORD The Recycled Water Urban Irrigation User’s Manual (Manual) has been prepared to convey the general rules, regulations and guidelines regarding the safe introduction and use of recycled water for landscape irrigation in Los Angeles County and other areas in the State of California. This document was prepared by the Los Angeles County Recycled Water Advisory Committee (LACRWAC, a local chapter of the California Section of the WateReuse Association), which is comprised of water utilities, regulatory interests, and other entities interested in the safe introduction and use of recycled water. At the time of this publication, LACRWAC included: Regulatory Agencies: • State of California Department of Health Services • County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services • Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board Water and Wastewater Utilities: • Castaic Lake Water Agency • Central Basin Municipal Water District • City of Burbank • City of Glendale • City of Long Beach • City of Pasadena • County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County • Las Virgenes Municipal Water District • Los Angeles Department of Water & Power • Metropolitan Water District of Southern California • Water Replenishment District of Southern California • West Basin Municipal Water District • Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District Other Interested Entities: • California State Department of Water Resources • Carollo Engineers • CH2M HILL • Tetra Tech, Inc. Each recycled water customers’ representative (“Site Supervisor”) is responsible to read and understand the Manual and any water reclamation requirements applicable to their particular site. Questions about the use of recycled water or the Manual should be directed to the “Recycled Water Agency” that serves the customer. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Introduction Final February 15, 2005 2 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE The purpose of this Manual is to provide the recycled water “User” and “Site Supervisor” a resource for the day-to-day operation and control of that system, in order to protect the health and welfare of the personnel involved with its use as well as the general public, and to protect the quality of local water resources. Recycled water is an important resource for the State of California, and its use for nonpotable applications is, in many cases, mandated by State law. This Manual provides necessary information to meet existing regulations for the operation of the User’s recycled water system. Every effort has been made to ensure that this Manual is in compliance with, and is not intended to supersede, existing codes, laws, statutes and regulations of the State of California, Regulatory Agencies and local governing bodies, concerning the currently approved use of recycled water. This Manual is also not intended to supersede the American Water Works Association (AWWA) California-Nevada Section’s Guidelines for Distribution of Nonpotable Water or Guidelines for the On-site Retrofit of Facilities Using Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water. Since legal and regulatory requirements can change without the express approval or knowledge of the Recycled Water Agency, the Recycled Water Agency assumes no liability for errors in this Manual. It’s the responsibility of the User to check with its Recycled Water Agency before initiating any operational or physical changes to the use site’s system. This Manual is organized in the following manner: L The User’s Summary provides a brief commentary on major topics and indicates a page number to find additional information. L General Provisions covers the basic administrative requirements including authorities, responsibilities and liabilities. L Design and Construction covers the considerations needed when an on-site recycled water system is first installed or modified. L Operation and Maintenance covers the basic conditions for service contained in the State of California’s “Water Recycling Criteria”. L Marking and Equipment gives the basic requirements for marking the water systems and signing the use area. L Cross-connection Controls and Pressure Testing Procedure outline the requirements for protecting the potable water system and keeping it separate from the recycled water system. L Sample Forms and Site-Specific Details provides a summary of steps to obtain recycled water, templates of sample forms to help with inspections and a location for information specific to the use-site. L Local Governing Agencies provides the names, addresses and phone numbers of agencies responsible for the regulatory administration of water recycling activities. L Definitions are included for terms used within the Manual. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Introduction Final February 15, 2005 3 WHAT IS RECYCLED WATER? “Recycled water,” (also called “reclaimed water”) as used in this Manual and defined in Title 22, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations, refers to tertiary-treated water produced from the three-stage treatment of municipal wastewater (see box, right). (Although secondary-treated effluent may also be reused, its applications are limited and subject to much greater restrictions, and it will not be addressed in this Manual.) The facilities that produce recycled water are known as Water Recycling (or Reclamation) Plants that are owned and operated by “Recycled Water Producers.” The recycled water produced by these plants is delivered to users through distribution systems owned and operated by “Recycled Water Agencies.” Recycled Water Producers and Agencies can be one and the same entity. Recycled water is virtually colorless and odorless, and is allowable for full-body human contact but not for direct human consumption. The sensible use of recycled water affords an excellent choice for essentially all non-potable applications. Properly managed, recycled water is safe to use. WHAT ARE “DUAL SOURCE” SITES? “Dual source” sites are reuse sites where both potable (domestic or drinking) water and recycled water are present. Dual sources might be necessary on sites where water is normally available for public use. For example, a cemetery may use recycled water for irrigation, but would need a separate potable system with hose bibbs to allow visitors to fill flower urns. “Dual plumbed sites” is a separate term which refers specifically to either buildings that have both recycled and potable water serving interior fixtures, or individual residences that use recycled water for outside irrigation, and is dealt with later under Periodic Cross Connection Testing (page 27). The public must not be allowed access to the recycled water system (such as from hose bibbs). Water quality needs at the use site might also call for two water sources. For example, golf courses may elect to use a potable water supply to irrigate the greens and use recycled water on the fairways. (Note: The potable water used for this purpose is referred to as “non-potable irrigation water” after it has passed through the irrigation system backflow preventer. These water lines are to be used only for irrigation and must not be connected to restrooms, drinking fountains, food service areas, etc.) The Recycled Water Treatment Process ♦ Primary Treatment removes 70 to 85 percent of the organic and inorganic solids that either settle out or float to the top. ♦ Secondary Treatment mixes the remaining suspended waste solids with microorganisms and air. The micro-organisms convert the waste solids to biomass that settles out. ♦ Tertiary Treatment filters out most of the remaining solids through a granular media (for example, sand or anthracite coal) or a membrane, with the final product water being disinfected with chlorine or ultraviolet light to kill off bacteria, virus and other microorganisms. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Introduction Final February 15, 2005 4 TITLE 22 USES FOR TERTIARY-TREATED WATER Urban Landscape – Parks and playgrounds, schoolyards, unrestricted access golf courses, residential landscaping, freeway and roadway landscaping, cemeteries, ornamental nurseries, sod farms. Agriculture – Food crops for human consumption, orchards, vineyards, fodder, fiber and seed crops, non-fruit bearing trees, pasture for milking animals, water supply for livestock. Impoundments – Restricted and unrestricted (full-body contact) recreational impoundments, decorative lakes and fountains, fish hatcheries. Industrial – Industrial processes paper manufacturing, carpet and textile dyeing, boiler feed), cooling towers and air condition- ing, non-residential toilet, urinal and floor drains, structural and non-structural fire fighting, commercial laundries, commercial car washes, concrete mixing, construction (dust control, soil compaction, backfill consolidation around pipelines, including potable), street and sidewalk cleaning, flushing sanitary sewers, snow making. On sites with dual sources, the potable supply must be protected with an approved backflow prevention device. Cross-connections between the recycled water system and the potable water system are strictly prohibited. BENEFITS OF RECYCLED WATER IRRIGATION As population growth increases the demand for potable water and the reliability of imported water supplies decreases, the future availability of potable water for irrigation is questionable. Also, the costs of potable water supplies continue to climb, making recycled water more attractive as an alternative water supply. The amount of recycled water available is generally not affected by drought, meaning customers don’t risk losing expensive landscaping due to water shortages and potential mandatory rationing. Tertiary-treated recycled water can be used for virtually all non-potable applications (see box, right). Recycled water may also contain an appreciable nutrient content, such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and other macro and micronutrients, which may provide some level of fertilization during the irrigation process. A full recycled water quality analysis can be obtained from the local Recycled Water Agency. Irrigating with recycled water is making use of a valuable resource that would otherwise be disposed. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Introduction Final February 15, 2005 5 ARE THERE DISADVANTAGES TO USING RECYCLED WATER? Recycled water must be used responsibly within established guidelines, regulations and permit requirements. Because of its origins and the level of treatment provided, recycled water is not suitable for direct human consumption. Unlike potable water, recycled water can only be used for approved uses, at approved locations, under the provisions of established regulations, agreements or permits. At the time of this writing, there have been no known cases of illness in the State of California due to the proper use of recycled water (according to the State DHS). In very rare occasions, there may be temporary interruptions of recycled water deliveries, as there are in any utility. Such instances are generally short in duration. NEED FOR REGULATIONS Regulations make the use of recycled water possible. Regulations ensure consistent, reliable water quality while being fully protective of the public health. California Code of Regulations Titles 22 and 17 are the two sets of State DHS regulations that accomplish this. Title 22 establishes the requirements for recycled water treatment, quality and allowable use. Title 17 establishes the requirements for backflow protection of the potable water supply. Copies of these regulations may be obtained from your Recycled Water Agency. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL User's Summary Final February 15, 2005 6 USER’S SUMMARY Recycled water is a safe and effective resource for nonpotable use. Properly managed recycled water has a very limited health risk, if any. To help in the proper management of recycled water, the State of California, the local city or county Health Department and the Recycled Water Agency have developed rules and regulations for the safe use of recycled water. These rules and regulations are in place to insure that the User, its Site Supervisor and employees, and the public are protected from any health risk (real or perceived) that might be associated with the use of recycled water. L Because recycled water is not suited for human consumption, every effort must be made to prevent the user’s recycled water system from being cross-connected with the potable (drinking) water system. L Plans must be carefully reviewed to ensure against cross-connections and that proper equipment is to be installed (Design Approval, page 10). L The recycled water system must be operated under the authority of a “User’s Agreement” (page 8) that outlines any special considerations or requirements for the particular use site. L The User must designate a “Site Supervisor” (page 14) who is responsible for managing the on-site water system. The Site Supervisor ensures the system is operated within the established guidelines and is properly maintained (Maintenance, page 17). L In cooperation with the User, the Recycled Water Agency and/or Producer will make regular inspections of the site (Periodic Site Inspections, page 17). L The User must instruct all persons using recycled water of its proper use and precautions (Personnel Training, page 14). L All piping and points of connection must be labeled with “Recycled Water Do Not Drink” (Marking and Equipment, page 21) and the universal “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25). L All recycled water use areas accessible to the public must be posted with signs visible to the public and must include the statement “Recycled Water Do Not Drink” (page 24) and the “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25). L An initial cross-connection test must be conducted to determine if there are any unknown connections between existing irrigation and potable piping prior to construction of retrofit work (Initial Cross-Connection Test, page 26). L Prior to connection with the recycled water distribution system, a final cross-connection test must be performed to verify that construction or retrofit work was performed correctly (Final Cross-Connection Test, page 26). L In the event of a cross-connection incident, the User must implement an emergency response plan (page 27). ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL General Provisions Final February 15, 2005 7 SECTION A GENERAL PROVISIONS REGULATORY AUTHORITY Rules and regulations for the end use of recycled water are established and/or enforced by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (Regional Board), the State DHS and the local city or county Health Department. These rules and regulations are typically contained in a permit from the Regional Board issued to the Recycled Water Agency and/Producer. All facilities using recycled water must be designed and operated to meet the standards of the local governing codes, rules and regulations. Various regulations for recycled water use may be outlined in the Recycled Water Agency’s Recycled Water Ordinance. However, if recycled water service is provided by an Investor Owned Utility, the various regulations for recycled water use are outlined in the Recycled Water Agency’s Tariff Schedules as approved by the California Public Utilities Commission. From time to time there may be amendments to existing regulations. These amendments may be made without the knowledge or consent of the User or the Recycled Water Agency. These amendments will be enforced upon their effective date. The Recycled Water Agency will make every effort to make sure the User is made aware of these changes when they occur. SYSTEM RESPONSIBILITY The Recycled Water Agency is responsible for the operation and maintenance of its recycled water distribution system up to the point of connection to the User. However, it’s the responsibility of the User to maintain its recycled water system of the point of connection (usually the meter) with the Recycled Water Agency’s distribution system. The User is responsible for ensuring that the recycled water is used on its site according to all the rules and regulations regarding such use. Specifically, the User is responsible for the following: L Maintaining the use site’s recycled water system. L Ensuring that all materials used during the design, construction and maintenance of the system are approved or recommended for recycled water use by the AWWA California-Nevada Section’s Guidelines for the On-site Retrofit of Facilities Using Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water. L Obtaining all permits and payment of all fees required for the establishment, operation and maintenance of the User’s recycled water system.1 L Reporting all violations and emergencies to the required local governing agencies. A listing of these agencies is provided in Section H. L Obtaining prior authorization from the Recycled Water Agency and any required regulatory agency before making any modifications to the approved recycled water system (or the potable water system if it’s in close proximity to the recycled system). 1 Permitting and/or fee assistance may be available from the Recycled Water Agency. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL General Provisions Final February 15, 2005 8 USER AGREEMENT AND PERMITS A potential User must complete all of the Recycled Water Agency’s requirements (for example, permit application) prior to the issuance of a User Agreement. (Note: “User Agreement” is the term used to describe any agreement, contract, permit, ordinance, memorandum of understanding or other such document used by the Recycled Water Agency to present the terms and conditions for the use of recycled water by a User.) The Recycled Water Agency reserves the right to alter, on a case-by-case basis, the User Agreement. RATE AND FEE SCHEDULE If recycled water is provided by a public entity, such as a water district or municipality, all rates and fees concerning recycled water service will be established and fixed by the Recycled Water Agency. If recycled water is provided by an Investor Owned Utility, all rates and fees concerning recycled water service shall be established and fixed by the California Public Utilities Commission. PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH The Recycled Water Agency reserves the right to take any action necessary with respect to the operation of the User’s on-site recycled water system in order to safeguard the public health. AUTHORIZED USES The use of recycled water is limited to those uses approved by the Regional Board or the State DHS. Any other use of recycled water is prohibited without the prior approval, on a case-by-case basis, of the Recycled Water Agency and the appropriate Regulatory Agencies. APPROVED USE AREAS Recycled water may only be used in areas approved by the Recycled Water Agency, following the User’s completion of the Recycled Water Agency’s application procedure and its meeting all of the requirements of the applicable Regulatory Agencies. A User may never supply recycled water to another owner’s adjoining property or to the property of the same User across a street or alley without the prior written approval of the Recycled Water Agency. The User may not give or sell recycled water to another party. Should the property become sub- divided, the service will be considered as belonging to the parcel it enters directly. If such a subdivision occurs, or property ownership is transferred, the Recycled Water Agency must be notified. In any case, recycled water lines are not permitted to cross lot lines. All recycled water delivered to any site must pass through a recycled water meter. LIABILITY The User is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the recycled water system of the Recycled Water Agency’s point of connection with the User, unless such responsibility is clearly outlined in the User Agreement/Permit (Enforcement, page 19). The Recycled Water Agency shall not be liable for any water damage or other damage caused by the User due to defective or broken plumbing or faulty service, nor shall the Recycled Water Agency be liable for ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL General Provisions Final February 15, 2005 9 damage caused by the User’s facilities. This includes changes in the recycled water quality that may occur from sitting in ornamental lakes, storage tanks, pipelines, etc. WATER SUPPLY CONTINGENCY If at any time during construction or operation of the recycled water system, real or potential hazards are found, the Recycled Water Agency has the right and the responsibility to immediately suspend, with or without notice, recycled water service in the interest of protecting the public health. The Recycled Water Agency may supply water to the affected area either temporarily or permanently from the potable water system with appropriate backflow protection (Protection of Potable Water Systems, page 26 and Back-up Water Source, page 11). ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Design & Construction Final February 15, 2005 10 SECTION B DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION DESIGN APPROVAL Before the construction of any new or major modifications of an existing recycled water system, the design must be submitted for approval by the Recycled Water Agency and the State and local city or county Health Departments. Approval will be contingent upon evidence that all applicable design requirements, rules and regulations for a recycled water system are satisfied. Plans and specifications should include, but not be limited to, the following: L A detailed description of the intended use of recycled water, including identification of the area of use. L Details showing the complete potable and recycled water systems. For existing facilities converting to recycled water use, details must include the exact location of all existing water piping systems. L Details of the intended installation procedures, including as a minimum: backflow preventer locations, color and type of pipe, and additional signage to be used. CONSTRUCTION The appropriate regulatory and recycled water agencies shall have the opportunity to make periodic inspections of the User’s site during the construction phase, if applicable, to ensure materials and their installation are according to the approved plans and specifications. The Recycled Water Agency and/or the State, local city or county Health Department or their authorized agents shall inspect the construction and startup of the User’s recycled water system to ensure that it is in compliance with the approved construction plans, rules and regulations. In addition, representatives of the Regional Board and the State DHS may be involved. This site inspection is to ensure that proper equipment was used, spray patterns are adjusted to ensure proper coverage without excessive overlapping, and there are no cross-connections with the on-site potable water system. Conditions that might create runoff, ponding or windblown spray, especially on slopes must be corrected. Spray patterns must be checked to make sure that they don’t encroach upon public facilities such as drinking fountains or areas outside the approved use area. After correction and verification the system will be allowed to use recycled water. RECYCLED WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM OPERATION The Recycled Water Agency reserves the right to control and schedule the use of recycled water, if control and scheduling are necessary to maintain acceptable working conditions within that agency’s recycled water distribution system. The Recycled Water Agency will administer these and other service conditions. If the available service pressure is higher than the User can accept, the User shall be responsible for providing a pressure- reducing valve of the service meter. If available pressure is lower than what the User needs, the User shall be responsible for providing booster pumping of the meter. Any pumping of recycled water requires the prior written approval of the Recycled Water Agency. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Design & Construction Final February 15, 2005 11 The Recycled Water Agency must ensure that the quality of the recycled water in its distribution system is not compromised by any User. Therefore the Recycled Water Agency may require backflow protection on the User’s recycled water system. This backflow protection might be just of the recycled water meter or at specific, on-site location(s) where an activity of the User (such as fertilizer injection) could degrade the quality of the recycled water in the distribution system. If necessary, details will be included in the User Agreement. Backflow prevention devices must be approved by the Recycled Water Agency and the appropriate regulatory agencies. Devices must be properly maintained, inspected quarterly and tested at least annually. Backflow prevention assemblies, when required on recycled water systems, must be conspicuously labeled. Based on the provisions of the User Agreement, the Recycled Water Agency may provide the required test equipment. Backup Water Source If potable water is to be used as a backup source to the recycled water system, it must be done only through an air-gap separation between the two systems and with the prior approval of the State DHS and the local city or county Health Department. The State DHS permits the use of a “swivel-ell” assembly (see sample schematic, next page) that allows for the use site’s water supply to be switched between the recycled and potable water systems, if certain stringent requirements are met. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS Some recycled water use sites may also have separate potable water service connections for dedicated fire protection systems. Depending on the Class of fire protection system on the reuse site, if the fire service includes piping for delivery systems outside of buildings and the manner of on-site recycled water usage, then either single check valve, double check valve or RP backflow assemblies may be required at the fire supply meter. Since requirements vary from place to place, the exact requirements will be provided to the User by the Recycled Water Agency, Regulatory Agency and/or the local city or county Health Department. PROTECTION OF GROUNDWATER Irrigation with recycled water within 50 feet or impoundment of recycled water within 100 feet of any drinking water reservoir or well is prohibited. Proposed irrigation with recycled water within 50 feet or impounding recycled water within 100 feet of a non- potable water well requires the approval of the appropriate health agency. SERVICE STARTUP Following the acceptance of the User’s recycled water system by the Recycled Water Agency, the User may request regular service startup. Upon receipt of the startup request, the Recycled Water Agency will notify the appropriate regulatory agencies, and schedule a final inspection. The startup request shall include the appropriate documentation and any payments and/or fees as indicated in the Recycled Water Agency’s User Agreement. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Design & Construction Final February 15, 2005 12 Sample schematic drawing of a “swivel-ell” assembly for a back-up potable water supply. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 13 SECTION C OPERATION & MAINTENANCE GENERAL Recycled water service will be provided by the Recycled Water Agency only to those Users who have a current User Agreement for such service, unless otherwise determined by the Recycled Water Agency’s Governing Board. This recycled water service can be revoked any time at the discretion of the Recycled Water Agency. Recycled water service must be made available only in accordance with all applicable Federal, state, and local statutes, ordinances, regulations and contracts, and other requirements including the California Water Code, the California Code of Regulations Titles 17 and 22, and requirements and regulations imposed by the Regional Water Quality Control Board, the State DHS, the local city or county Health Department and/or the recycled water Producer. The User must comply with the conditions of any User Agreement issued by the Recycled Water Agency. Recycled Water Agencies may not deliver recycled water to Users that do not or will not comply with use site requirements. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE The User must comply with the following conditions. Runoff Conditions The irrigation systems must be designed, constructed and operated to minimize to the fullest extent practical runoff outside the approved use area. Ponding Conditions The irrigation systems must be designed, constructed and operated to minimize to the fullest extent practical ponding within or outside of the approved use area. This does not apply to approved impoundments such as golf course water hazards or decorative lakes. Windblown Spray Conditions The irrigation systems must be designed, constructed and operated to minimize to the fullest extent practical windblown spray from leaving the approved use area. Unapproved Uses Use of recycled water for any purposes other than those explicitly described in the Recycled Water Agency’s water recycling permit is strictly prohibited. Use in Unapproved Areas The delivery and use of recycled water for any reason, including approved uses, in areas other than those explicitly approved in the current effective user permit and without the prior approval of the appropriate Regulatory Agencies, is strictly prohibited. Cross-Connections Cross-connections, as defined by the California Code of Regulations, resulting from the use of recycled water or from the physical presence of a recycled water service, whether by design, construction practice, or system operation, are strictly prohibited. If any cross-connection is discovered, the User shall immediately turn off the system, notify the Recycled Water Agency and implement the Emergency Cross- Connection Response Plan (see page 27). ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 14 DESIGNATION OF SITE SUPERVISOR It is the User’s responsibility to provide surveillance and supervision of its on-site recycled water system in a way that assures compliance at all times with current regulations and the recycled water permit requirements. The User shall designate, with notification going to the Recycled Water Agency, a Site Supervisor to be the contact person with the Recycled Water Agency. The following are requirements of the Site Supervisor position: L Received training or be able to demonstrate knowledge of the application and maintenance of a recycled water system. L Be aware of, and familiar with, this Manual. L Be available to the Recycled Water Agency at all times and have the authority to carry out any requirements of the Recycled Water Agency. L Be responsible for the installation, operation and maintenance of the recycled and potable water systems, and for the prevention of potential hazards. L Ensure that notification signs at the use site are properly installed and maintained, and that all recycled and potable water facilities are properly labeled, tagged or otherwise identified. L Be knowledgeable of the provisions contained in Titles 17 and 22 of the California Code of Regulations relating to the safe use of recycled water and maintain accurate records. L Ensure that all employees of the use site involved with the use of recycled water are instructed in the safe and responsible use and handling of the recycled water. L Immediately inform the Recycled Water Agency of any failures, violations and emergencies that occur involving the recycled or potable water systems. L Be familiar with the basic concepts of backflow and cross-connection prevention, system testing, and related emergency procedures, and participate in any cross-connection tests. The Recycled Water Agency must be notified immediately of any change in personnel for the Site Supervisor position. The Recycled Water Agency will provide the Site Supervisor with periodic inspections of the User’s system and report all violations to the appropriate Regulatory Agency according to applicable procedures established by law, code, permit or practice. PERSONNEL TRAINING All new employees must be trained in the proper use of recycled water. Supervisory personnel and the Site Supervisor should be held accountable to ensure that employees are not using recycled water carelessly or improperly. It is the responsibility of the User to train all operations personnel so they are familiar with the use of recycled water. Any training program should include, but not be limited to, the following: L Operations personnel must be aware that recycled water, although highly treated, is non-potable. Recycled water may never be used for human consumption. L Operations personnel must understand that working with recycled water is safe if common sense is used and appropriate regulations are followed. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 15 L Operations personnel must understand that conditions such as ponding and runoff are not allowed. L Good personal hygiene must be followed (for example, washing hands after working with recycled water). L Operations personnel must understand that there is never to be a direct connection between the recycled water system and the potable water system. PERIODS OF OPERATION Operation of the User’s on-site recycled water system must adhere to the following requirements. L Irrigation may only occur during periods of least use of the approved area by the general public. This is usually between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m.; however, areas where public access is generally prohibited or minimized, such as commercial nurseries and freeway landscaping, may be irrigated at any time. L The recycled water system must be operated to prevent overspray or windblown spray into unapproved areas. Inadvertent public contact with recycled water irrigation spray must always be avoided. L Even though tertiary-treated recycled water is approved for full-body contact by the State DHS, irrigation of public areas during other times may be performed if the irrigation system is operated manually and is supervised to avoid inadvertently exposing any members of the general public. This provision must be strictly followed. L Consideration should be given to allow a reasonable dry-out time before the area is to be used by the public. L Automatic control systems are to be used and programmed to prevent ponding and runoff of recycled water. L The recycled water system must not be allowed to operate for periods longer than needed to satisfy the landscape water requirements. Recycled water must never be applied at a rate that is greater than the infiltration rate of the soil. Exceptions to this requirement for purposes such as leaching of soil must be specified in the User Agreement. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 16 Hose bibbs may only be used with recycled water in areas were they cannot be accessed by the general public (such as this commercial nursery), and even those must be properly labeled. HOSE BIBBS Hose bibbs or other appurtenances that might allow public access to the recycled water system for unapproved use or for cross-connection to the potable water system are strictly prohibited in all areas accessible to the general public. In these areas, only quick-couplers are allowed and must be of a different type than those that may be used on the use site’s potable water system (see page 23). Hose bibbs may be used on the recycled water system in areas that do not allow any public access but must be conspicuously labeled “RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK” in both English and Spanish (or any other language determined by the Water Recycling Agency to be in common use in the area), along with the “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25). Workers in these areas must be instructed not to drink from these hose bibbs. DRINKING FOUNTAINS Drinking fountains located within the approved use area must be protected from contact with recycled water by direct application through irrigation or other approved use. Lack of protection, whether by design, construction practice or system operation, is strictly prohibited. The pattern on the walls indicates that this drinking fountain is being sprayed by the irrigation water. If recycled water is to be used, then the spray pattern must be altered or the drinking fountain somehow shielded. EQUIPMENT CLEANING Any device, hose, pipe, meter, valve, tank, pump, truck, etc. which has been used with recycled water may not be used to convey potable water nor attached to the potable water system unless it is cleaned and disinfected. MODIFICATIONS The User must not make any modifications to its on-site recycled water system (or potable system, it it’s in close proximity to the recycled system) without the prior approval of the Recycled Water Agency. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 17 This includes modifications to the approved plans or to an operational system. Detailed plans of any modifications should be submitted to the Recycled Water Agency and the modifications inspected by the Recycled Water Agency before their being placed in operation. However, routine maintenance of the irrigation system, such as pipeline repairs, sprinkler replacement and other similar activities that don’t result in a substantial change in either the recycled or potable water systems, or any agreed to operating plans, don’t need prior approval by the Recycled Water Agency. Emergency modifications or repairs that must be made by the User to its system in order to prevent contamination, damage or a public health hazard are covered under Emergency Procedures (page 18). MAINTENANCE The User must implement a preventive maintenance program that will ensure that the recycled water system always remains in compliance. A preventive maintenance program should include but not be limited to the following: L Regular inspections should be conducted by the User of the entire recycled water system including sprinkler heads, spray patterns, piping and valves, pumps, storage facilities, lakes, controllers, signage, etc. Immediately correct any problems. L All notification signs, labels and/or tags should be checked for their proper placement and readability. Replace damaged or unreadable signs, labels or tags. L Special attention should be given to spray patterns to eliminate ponding, runoff and wind blown spray conditions. L Establish and maintain an accurate records-keeping system of all inspections, modifications and repairs. L Broken sprinkler heads, faulty spray patterns, leaking pipes or valves, etc. must be repaired when the malfunction becomes apparent. L A maintenance program for backflow prevention assemblies that includes at least annual testing by a tester certified by the American Backflow Prevention Association (ABPA) or AWWA must be carried out. Records of annual tests, repairs and overhauls must be kept by the user with copies forwarded to the Recycled Water Agency and the local city or county Health Department. PERIODIC SITE INSPECTIONS Periodic site inspections of the User’s recycled water irrigation system are mandated in the Water Code (Section 13523.1(b)(5)). Such inspections include, at a minimum, the visual inspection of all back-flow prevention devices, pump rooms, exposed piping, valves, pressure reducing stations, points of connection, sprinklers, controllers, lakes, storage facilities, signs, labeling, tags, etc. The Site Supervisor’s maintenance records should also be inspected. These inspections are the responsibility of the entity holding the master water recycling permit issued by the Regional Board. This may be the Recycled Water Agency or the Recycled Water Producer, if separate. Whoever the responsible agency is may perform this inspection, or it may be delegated to a third party. The responsible ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 18 agency will also determine the frequency of these inspections, based on local conditions. The Recycled Water Agency also reserves the right to make unannounced inspections of the use site’s facilities, although at reasonable times. Upon completion of the inspection, a Site Inspection Report Form (see example, page 34) should be signed and dated by both the Site Supervisor and the entity performing the inspection. The original form should be kept by the inspecting entity with copies going to the Site Supervisor, the Recycled Water Agency and/or Producer and any required regulatory agency. Should a cross-connection be discovered during the inspection, the Emergency Cross- Connection Response Plan (page 27) should be immediately invoked by the Site Supervisor. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES In case of a major earthquake, the Site Supervisor should immediately inspect the potable and recycled water systems for damage. If either system appears damaged, both water systems should be shut off at their points of connection. The Site Supervisor should immediately contact the Recycled Water Agency for further instructions. Emergency Modifications Emergency modifications or repairs can be made by the User to the recycled water system without the prior approval of the Recycled Water Agency to prevent contamination, damage or a public health hazard. As soon as possible the User must notify the Recycled Water Agency of the emergency modifications and file a written report. Unauthorized Discharge It’s the responsibility of the User to report to the Recycled Water Agency all system failures that result in an unauthorized discharge of more than 50,000 gallons of tertiary treated recycled water (or 1,000 gallons for any lesser quality recycled water). An immediate oral report followed by a written report is required. Contamination of Drinking Water In case of contamination of the potable water system due to a cross-connection on the User’s premises, the Recycled Water Agency and the local city or county Health Department must be immediately notified by the User (see page 36). The User is to immediately invoke the Emergency Cross- Connection Response Plan. VIOLATIONS The Recycled Water Agency reserves the right to decide if a violation of the conditions under which the User Agreement was issued has occurred. Violations may include non-compliance of any of the following prohibitions: runoff conditions, ponding conditions, windblown spray conditions, leaks or spills resulting from broken or damaged pipelines or appurtenances, unapproved uses, disposal in unapproved areas, cross-connections, unprotected drinking fountains and unauthorized or prohibited use of hose bibbs, whether willful or by accident. Any willful or accidental act of noncompliance with any existing Federal, state or local ordinance, code, law or statute regulating the use of recycled water constitutes a violation. NOTIFICATION It is the responsibility of the Site Supervisor to immediately notify the Recycled Water Agency of any failure or cross-connection in ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Operation & Maintenance Final February 15, 2005 19 his/her recycled or potable water system, whether or not he/she believes a violation has occurred. It is also the responsibility of the Site Supervisor to immediately notify the Recycled Water Agency of any violation he/she believes might imminently occur because of any action the User’s personnel might take during the operation of the recycled or potable water systems. If there are any doubts whether a violation has occurred, it is the responsibility of the Site Supervisor to report each occurrence to the Recycled Water Agency so a decision can be made. It is then the Recycled Water Agency’s responsibility to notify the Recycled Water Producer (if a separate entity) holding the master water recycling permit from the Regional Board and local governing agencies of any violations. These agencies are listed in Section H. CORRECTIVE ACTION If the Recycled Water Agency’s investigation reveals that a violation has occurred on the reuse site, that agency must immediately notify the User of the violation and what corrective actions must be taken. It is the responsibility of the User to immediately initiate corrective action to eliminate the violation. If the Recycled Water Agency believes the violation constitutes a hazard to the public health, the Recycled Water Agency must immediately stop recycled water service to the User. It will be at the discretion of the Recycled Water Agency to decide if a violation has been adequately corrected. The Recycled Water Agency may impose a startup fee upon resumption of service to a User whose service has been terminated, depending on the provisions of the User Agreement. ENFORCEMENT The Recycled Water Agency shall enforce all existing regulations concerning the use of recycled water and/or recycled water systems. Regulations concerning the use of any recycled water or recycled water system shall be applied with equal force and effect to any person, persons, or firm, public or private. There will be no deviations from these regulations except upon written authorization of the Recycled Water Agency, acting within applicable regulations. An appeal procedure may be provided for in the User Agreement or in the Recycled Water Agency’s rules and regulations, and the action of the Recycled Water Agency will be final. CAUSES FOR TERMINATION OF SERVICE The Recycled Water Agency reserves the right to revoke a User’s Agreement if any or all of the service conditions are not satisfied at all times. Service to a User may be terminated any time if: L The Recycled Water Agency’s distribution system is not capable of supplying recycled water. L The quality of the recycled water does not comply with the requirements of the Regulatory Agencies. L The User’s operation does not conform to all applicable regulations, permit requirements and/or the terms of the User’s agreement. L There is nonpayment of service fees and charges by the User. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Marking & Equipment Final February 15, 2005 20 SECTION D MARKING & EQUIPMENT GENERAL All materials, apparatus, piping, valves, controllers, sprinkler heads, pumps etc. for new recycled water irrigation systems must be approved for use in a pressurized recycled water system and installed according to approved plans. The recycled water system must conform to the AWWA California-Nevada Section’s Guidelines for the On-site Retrofit of Facilities Using Disinfected Tertiary Recycled Water. Deviations will not be allowed without prior approval. System installation must conform to the Uniform Plumbing Code and all other local codes, rules and regulations. The approved use area must be clearly marked. All outlets from the recycled water system must be marked “CAUTION RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK.” In addition, signs must be posted at all entrances to the use site indicating that recycled water is used for irrigation purposes. The “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25) must be present on all signs. Recycled Water Agencies may also choose to require the signs to include translations into the appropriate foreign language(s), as not all areas have Spanish as the second language. PIPING, BELOW-GRADE All new piping must be installed according to the approved plans and marked as required. Installation must be in accordance with the latest edition of International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) Standard IS-8. Fittings, primers and solvents must be IAPMO listed. All new recycled and potable water lines (pressure/non-pressure), new and existing valve boxes and appurtenances must be identified to clearly distinguish between recycled water and potable water systems. Identification of Recycled Water Lines All new, buried recycled water lines (pressure/non-pressure) must be extruded purple-colored Schedule 40 (minimum) PVC pipe with continuous wording “CAUTION RECYCLED WATER” printed on opposite sides of the pipe. The use of continuous lettering on 3-inch minimum width purple tape with 1-inch black or white contrasting lettering bearing the continuous wording “CAUTION RECYCLED WATER” permanently affixed at 10-foot intervals atop all horizontal piping, laterals and mains is an acceptable alternative to the purple pipe. Identification tape must extend to all valve boxes and/or vaults and exposed piping. Recycled water pipeline installation with continuous purple warning tape. Piping buried under pavement must be sleeved with the sleeve being at least two inches larger in diameter than the irrigation pipe. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Marking & Equipment Final February 15, 2005 21 When recycled and potable water lines cross, the recycled water line must be located at least 1-foot below the potable water line. If this separation is not possible, then either the recycled or potable water line must be sleeved to 10 feet on either side of the crossover. Parallel recycled and potable water lines must be at least 10 feet apart, or at least 4 feet, if the recycled line is enclosed in a sleeve. Identification of Potable Water Lines New buried potable lines must be identified by continuous lettering on 3-inch minimum width blue tape with 1-inch white lettering bearing the continuous wording “POTABLE WATER” permanently affixed at 10-foot intervals atop all horizontal piping, laterals and mains. Identification tape must extend to all valve boxes, vaults and exposed piping. Identification tape is not necessary for extruded blue-colored PVC with continuous wording “POTABLE WATER” printed in contrasting lettering on opposite sides of the pipe. Identification of Non-Potable Water Lines Non-potable water is water supplied from the potable water system through an appropriate backflow preventer. All non- potable irrigation/industrial water lines (pressure/non-pressure) must be identified by continuous lettering on 3-inch minimum width yellow tape with 1-inch contrasting lettering bearing the continuous wording “NON-POTABLE WATER DO NOT DRINK” permanently affixed at 10 foot intervals atop all horizontal piping, laterals and mains. Identification tape must extend to all valve boxes and/or vaults, exposed piping, hydrants and quick couplers. Identification of Existing Below-Grade Water Lines Existing below-grade piping, whether recycled, potable or non-potable, need not be marked unless the piping becomes exposed, such as during installation of new pipe or maintenance of existing pipe. The exposed section should be appropriately marked (as recycled, potable or non-potable) to the extent feasible. PIPING, ETC., ABOVE-GRADE All above-grade recycled water pipelines must be appropriately labeled and color- coded purple to differentiate recycled water pipelines from potable and non-potable water pipelines. If purple pipe is not used, recycled water pipelines may be wrapped with purple warning tape having the words “CAUTION RECYCLED WATER” visible in contrasting black letters. Flexible conduits or hoses must be clearly marked “CAUTION RECYCLED WATER” with each adapter or fitting painted purple. Above-grade potable water pipelines must be labeled and color-coded blue to differentiate potable water pipelines from recycled and non-potable water pipelines. Potable water pipelines may be wrapped with blue identification tape having the words “POTABLE WATER” visible in contrasting white letters. Above-grade non-potable water pipelines must be appropriately labeled and color- coded yellow to differentiate non-potable water lines from recycled water and potable water lines. Non-potable water lines may be wrapped with yellow identification tape having the words “NON-POTABLE WATER DO NOT DRINK” visible in contrasting letters. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Marking & Equipment Final February 15, 2005 22 Exposed valve boxes, vaults, quick coupling valves, outlets and related appurtenances must be color-coded, labeled or tagged, to differentiate recycled water from potable water (that is, “CAUTION RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK” in black or white contrasting lettering on a purple background, or “POTABLE WATER” in white lettering on a blue background or “NON-POTABLE WATER DO NOT DRINK” in contrasting lettering on a yellow background). Tags must be identified with the appropriate wording on both sides. Tags identifying recycled water must have both the appropriate wording and the “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 26). VALVES Quick Coupling Valves New quick coupling valves, made specifically for recycled water use, should be 3/4-inch or 1-inch nominal size and of brass construction with a normal working pressure of 150 psi. The covers on all new quick coupling valves must be permanently attached and made of purple rubber or vinyl with the words “RECYCLED WATER” imprinted on the cover, and must be provided with a lock. To prevent unauthorized use, the valve should be operated only with a special coupler key with an acme thread for opening and closing the valve. New quick coupling valves should be installed approximately 12 inches from walks, curbs, headboards or paved areas. All new and existing quick coupling valves must be identified with an identification tag and installed in a marked valve box. Quick coupler and valve box Gate Valves New gate valves should be installed in a marked valve box with crushed rock in the base and a notification tag on the valve operator. Remote Control Valves New and existing remote control valves should be installed in a marked valve box with crushed rock in the base and an identification tag on the operator. For each valve system, remote control valves should be adjusted so the most remote sprinkler heads operate at the pressure recommended by the manufacturer giving a uniform distribution of water. SPRINKLER HEADS New sprinkler heads must be of the size, type, pressure, radius of throw and discharge as indicated on the approved plans. All new sprinkler heads, either permanent or temporary, should be of the approved type for use with recycled water and create the minimum amount of mist. Drainage through sprinkler heads is prohibited, and an anti-drain valve must be installed in the sprinkler riser as needed. Anchors on sprinkler risers should be provided as needed and maintained. Sprinkler heads must be kept in good repair at all times. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Marking & Equipment Final February 15, 2005 23 SYSTEM CONTROL DEVICES New system controllers must be automatic with multiple start/stop times for any 24- hour period and installed according to the approved plans and local codes. Two, color- coded diagrams must be prepared for the station and system for each controller. Each diagram should be sealed in plastic with one copy placed in the controller box and the other given to the Recycled Water Agency. All controllers must be marked with the words “RECYCLED WATER” in black 1- inch high letters on a purple background. STORAGE TANKS & IMPOUNDMENTS All storage tanks, either stationary or portable, must be structurally sound and free from leaks. Each tank must be conspicuously marked with signs with the words “RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK” in black letters 2-inches high on a purple background. The “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25) should be present on all recycled water storage tanks. Impoundments (lakes) that receive recycled water are classified as “unrestricted” (swimming and body contact allowed), “restricted” (no swimming or body contact, but non-contact activities such as fishing and boating allowed) or “ornamental” (no recreational activities allowed). All of these impoundments must have the recycled water valves and outlets marked or tagged with the words “RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK.” At restricted and ornamental impoundments, adequate measures must be taken to prevent body contact. All recycled water impoundments must be kept separate from potable water wells and reservoirs. If any storage tank or impoundment receives both recycled and potable water, the potable water supply must be properly air-gapped to avoid a cross-connection. OTHER DEVICES All air/vacuum relief valves, valves, pressure reducing valves, pumps, pump control valves, etc., must be tagged or labeled indicating whether it is on the recycled water, non-potable water or potable water system. Recycled water tags or labels must have a purple background with black lettering stating “RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK.” The “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25) must be present. Potable water tags or labels must have a blue background with “POTABLE WATER” in white lettering. Non-potable water tags or labels must have a yellow background with “NON- POTABLE” in black lettering. VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION Any vehicle used to transport recycled water must be clearly marked with labels or signs that contain the words “RECYCLED WATER DO NOT DRINK” in black 2- inch high letters on a purple background and include the “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25). One label or sign should be placed on the tank closest to the driver’s door, with a second label or sign being placed on the rear surface of the tank at the outlet. All labels and signs must be placed where they can easily be seen by the personnel using the vehicle. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Marking & Equipment Final February 15, 2005 24 Any vehicle used for the transportation or storage of recycled water must not be reused for the transportation or storage of potable water, unless it has been flushed, disinfected and tested. POSTING APPROVED USE AREA Posting the use of recycled water is required at all entrances to the User's facility, and placed where they can be easily seen. The signs must indicate that “RECYCLED WATER” is in use. In addition, all signs must include the “Do Not Drink” symbol (page 25) and use the words “do not drink,” in both English and Spanish (or other locally used language). Additional signing may be required by the Regulatory Agency on a case-by-case basis. Recycled water notification signs do not need to include such words as “Caution,” “Warning” or “Danger.” ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Marking & Equipment Final February 15, 2005 25 “DO NOT DRINK” SYMBOL ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Cross-Connection Control Final February 15, 2005 26 SECTION E CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL PROTECTION OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS On “dual source” sites where both potable water and recycled water exist, the potable supply must be protected against accidental cross-connections. In lieu of an air-gap, reduced-pressure principal backflow prevention (RP) devices are generally approved by the State DHS and the Recycled Water Agency. This is done according to the approved site-specific drawings. Backflow prevention devices must be approved by the Recycled Water Agency and the appropriate regulatory agencies before installation. If an RP is installed, it must be tested annually. The device testing must be done by a backflow prevention device tester certified by the ABPA or the AWWA. Test reports must be provided to the Recycled Water Agency and the regulatory agency requiring the test. Records must be maintained for at least three years by both the User and the Recycled Water Agency. INITIAL CROSS-CONNECTION TEST Prior to retrofit work or construction, a initial cross-connection inspection and test must be coordinated by the Recycled Water Agency, with all appropriate health agencies being notified. This test should follow the general guidelines outlined in Section F. The purpose of the test is to determine if there are any connections between the existing irrigation system and the potable water system prior to construction. During the lifetime of the recycled water system, the Recycled Water Agency must periodically inspect the recycled water system to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations. Additionally, the Recycled Water Agency may be required to perform periodic inspections of the system for cross- connections (including shut-down tests, if appropriate), depending on the use site characteristics. FINAL CROSS-CONNECTION TEST On sites where both recycled and potable water are present, a cross-connection test must be performed using potable water supplied through an approved backflow prevention device before connecting the User’s on-site recycled water system to the Recycled Water Agency’s distribution system. This on-site test is to ensure the absolute separation of the recycled and potable water systems. The Recycled Water Agency shall coordinate the scheduling of the cross-connection test. Periodic testing using the same procedures may be required in the future, depending on the use site’s characteristics. A written report documenting the test results must be submitted to the Recycled Water Agency, the State DHS and the local city or county Health Department following completion. A pressure (shut down) test procedure is detailed in Section F. As an alternative to the pressure test, a dye test may be performed by charging the recycled water system with potable water containing a food grade colored dye. The unpressurized potable water system is then checked for any evidence of the colored dye. If the dye is found, a cross-connection ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Cross-Connection Control Final February 15, 2005 27 exists. This test itself must be done in a way that does not create a cross-connection. Upon the successful completion of one of the above tests, insuring no cross- connections between the potable and recycled water systems, the User’s irrigation system may be connected by the Recycled Water Agency to the recycled water distribution system. PERIODIC CROSS-CONNECTION TESTING (PCCT) Periodic cross-connection shutdown testing must be done at least once every four years for “dual-plumbed” sites, unless visual inspections or major on-site water system changes reveal a need for more frequent testing. The Water Recycling Criteria in Title 22 specifically defines “dual-plumbed” sites as either buildings with fixtures served with recycled and potable water or individual residences with recycled water in the irrigation system. Other “dual-source” use sites that don’t fall under either of these categories may be required to perform periodic cross- connection tests if the use site characteristics indicate a greater risk of potential cross-connections, or if any reuse site undergoes significant modifications of the potable or recycled water systems. The Recycled Water Agency, in cooperation with the local city or county Health Department, will make the determination if such a test is required. This test must follow the same procedures use for the final cross-connection test (either shut-down or dye test). Before the test is performed representatives of the State DHS, the local city or county Health Department, Site Supervisor, Recycled Water Agency, and any other required regulatory agency must be notified. The Recycled Water Agency will coordinate the scheduling of the test. A sample Test Notification Form is on page 36. Written verification of the test results must be provided by the Recycled Water Agency to the Site Supervisor, State DHS, local city or county Health Department, local building authority and any other required regulatory agency. All provisions of Title 17, Chapter 5, Section 7601 of the Code of Regulations, concerning protection of drinking water systems against cross-connections and backflow, must be strictly complied with. EMERGENCY CROSS-CONNECTION RESPONSE PLAN In the event that a backflow incident or cross-connection is suspected or occurs the following procedures must be implemented immediately. 1. Keep the potable water system pressurized and, if possible, post “DO NOT DRINK” signs at all potable water fixtures and outlets. 2. Immediately shut down the recycled water supply to the facility at the meter. 3. Notify the Recycled Water Agency and the appropriate Health Department(s) by phone (see list on page 37). This notification is to be followed by a written notice within 24 hours. The written notice is to include an explanation of the nature of the cross-connection, date and time discovered, and the steps taken to mitigate the cross-connection(s). ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Cross-Connection Control Final February 15, 2005 28 4. Collect water samples from the potable water system and perform a 24-hour bacteriological analysis (as instructed by the Recycled Water Agency). Water samples should be collected from the closest possible point to the cross-connection. 5. Identify the cause and location(s) of backflow and eliminate the cross- connection(s). 6. Conduct a cross-connection test in coordination with the Recycled Water Agency and the appropriate Health Departments to verify that all cross- connections have been eliminated. 7. Obtain approval from the Recycled Water Agency and the local city or county Health Department before returning the recycled water system to service. 8. If the bacteriological analysis conducted in Step 4 is positive, flush the potable water system and disinfect by maintaining a chlorine residual of at least 50 mg/L for 24 hours. Otherwise proceed to Step 11. 9. Flush the potable water system after 24 hours and perform standard bacteriological analysis. 10. If the results from Step 9 are acceptable, proceed to Step 11. Otherwise, repeat Steps 8-9. 11. Obtain final approval from the Recycled Water Agency and the State, local city or county Health Department before removing signs. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Reuse Site URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Pressure-Testing Procedure Final February 15, 2005 29 SECTION F REUSE SITE PRESSURE-TESTING PROCEDURE The following are general guidelines for the testing procedure and may be modified with the approval of the State, local city or county Health Department. 1. Potable water must be used during the initial testing of the on-site recycled water system, with the potable water supply separated from the proposed recycled water system by an approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly until the system has been checked for cross-connections. 2. The recycled water system should be completely drained and remain deactivated for an adequate period of time based on site-specific characteristics. 3. At the end of the shutdown period, all of the recycled water outlets should be tested throughout the entire site for cross-connections by checking each outlet for flow. 4. The recycled water system should then be checked at the quick couplers (located on the normally pressurized main irrigation line) or by cycling the irrigation clocks (observing the spray decrease) to determine if there is any flow. If there is no flow detected in any of the outlets that would suggest a cross-connection, the recycled water connection may then be reactivated. 5. The potable water to the use site will be shut off at the potable water meter. The potable water system must be completely drained and remain deactivated for an adequate period of time based on site-specific characteristics. 6. At the end of the shutdown period, all of the use site’s potable water fixtures should be tested for cross-connections by operating each fixture and checking for flow. 7. The potable water inlet should then be checked to detect if there is backpressure or significant backflow. If no flow is detected at the inlet or in any of the fixtures that would suggest a cross-connection, the potable water connection may then be reactivated. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Sample Forms and URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Site Specific Details Final February 15, 2005 30 SECTION G SAMPLE FORMS AND SITE SPECIFIC DETAILS SUMMARY OF STEPS TO OBTAIN RECYCLED WATER NOTE: The following sequence of events is general in nature and is for illustration only. Please check with your Recycled Water Agency for the appropriate process. Potential User contacts the Recycled Water Agency for recycled water service, and the Agency responds in a timely manner. Potential User must have irrigation plans stamped by a registered landscape architect or a registered civil engineer. Potential User submits a recycled water application (an example is shown on page 33) and pays the application fee. The User agreement is explained and signed at this time. The potential User shall apply to the Recycled Water Agency for a recycled water meter. A construction meter for potable water and an appropriate backflow prevention device may be required for temporary water and system testing before being served recycled water. Recycled Water Agency notifies the State, local city or county Health Department of the submitted application. Potential User submits two sets of plans each to the Recycled Water Agency and to either State DHS or the local city or county Health Department for plan check, and pays the applicable plan check fees. Recycled Water Agency, State DHS, and the local city or county Health Department complete plan check and return plans to the potential User for corrections. After all corrections are made the potential User resubmits the marked plan checked prints along with a final set of plans. If no more corrections are to be made, the Recycled Water Agency, State DHS, and the local city or county Health Department will approve the original plans. Four sets of prints of the signed plans each should be submitted to these agencies. A pre-job meeting (preliminary inspection) is held before construction with the Recycled Water Agency’s representative, potential User and the contractor. This meeting is to cover the plan’s general notes, specific job requirements and cover any questions. Following this meeting, an initial cross-connection test is to be conducted on existing systems with the state and/or city or county health agencies. The potential User may begin construction, according to the approved plans, contingent upon any other required permits or approvals being obtained. Approvals for deviations in the approved plans are to be sought as they occur. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Sample Forms and URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Site Specific Details Final February 15, 2005 31 All work during construction must be inspected by the Recycled Water Agency and/or the local city or county Health Department before backfilling any buried piping. If any reclaimed or potable water piping is installed before plan check approval and/or inspection, all or any portion of the piping system may be required to be exposed and corrected as necessary. After construction is completed, the Recycled Water Agency and either State DHS or the local city or county Health Department must be notified for the final inspection and cross- connection test utilizing potable water supplied through an approved backflow prevention device on dual source sites. The recycled water meter is installed, potable water severed and conversion made to recycled water. During this walk through flow adjustments are made, tagging is inspected, and coverage is checked. A thorough cross-connection test is conducted at this time to verify that construction was performed correctly. The Recycled Water Agency and/or the local city or county Health Department will generate a punch list of corrections to be made if necessary. A follow-up walk through will be called for after all corrections from the first walk-through are completed if required. This walk-through will inspect to see that all corrections are complete, including color-coded plans for each controller that are accurate and placed at each controller cabinet. Upon the successful completion of the inspection and cross- connection tests, the User will be granted permission for the normal operation of the system. At this time the Recycled Water Agency’s inspector will discuss with the User and the User’s Site Supervisor conditions for operation, inspections etc. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Sample Forms and URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Site Specific Details Final February 15, 2005 32 LOCAL CONTACTS SITE: LOCATION: SUPERVISOR: PHONE: RECYCLED WATER AGENCY CONTACTS WATER OPERATIONS: PHONE: SUPERVISOR: PHONE: RECYCLED WATER INSPECTOR: PHONE: RECYCLED WATER AGENCY’S ENGINEER: PHONE: ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Sample Forms and URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Site Specific Details Final February 15, 2005 33 RECYCLED WATER IRRIGATION USER APPLICATION Today’s Date: Tract No. Project Name: Location: or Brief Legal Description: Type of Development: Description of proposed uses of recycled water: Expected date to commence recycled water service (Month/Year) Estimated Water Requirements: Average Peak Demand Acres AF/YR) (GPM) Landscape Irrigation: Park: Open Space: School: Owner: Address: Address: City: State: Zip: State: Phone: Phone: Contact: Contact: ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Sample Forms and URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Site Specific Details Final February 15, 2005 34 RECYCLED WATER - SITE INSPECTION REPORT Site: Date: Inspected By: Title: Agency: AREA INSPECTED NO YES - PIPING - Piping properly marked? Valves etc. properly marked? Has piping been modified? If yes, are modifications approved? Points of connection properly marked? Piping System “Leak”? - SIGNING - Are all signs properly placed? Are all signs legible? Are tags visible and legible? - BACKFLOW PREVENTION - Backflow Prevention Device installed? Does the device appear damaged? Is the device leaking? Is the device unobstructed? Is Recycled Water being used for its approved purpose? Comments: Signed: Date: ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER Sample Forms and URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Site Specific Details Final February 15, 2005 35 CROSS-CONNECTION TEST NOTIFICATION FORM Test Date: Test Site Name: Site Address: Recycled Water Agency: Contact Person: Agencies Notified: California Department of Health Services, Drinking Water Field Operations Branch CROSS-CONNECTION NOTIFICATION RSVP FORM Site Test Date: Representatives (Please return to requesting party within 10 days of scheduled test) ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Local Governing Agencies Final February 15, 2005 36 SECTION F LOCAL GOVERNING AGENCIES (Local Recycled Water Agency to insert own name, address, phone number, and modify contact information below for its own region) Regional Water Quality Control Board Los Angeles Region 320 W. 4th Street, Suite 200 Los Angeles, CA 90013 (213) 576-6600 County of Los Angeles Department of Health Services Cross Connection and Water Pollution Control 5050 Commerce Drive Baldwin Park, CA 91706 (626) 430-5290 State of California Department of Health Services Drinking Water Field Operations Branch 1449 West Temple Street Los Angeles, CA 90026 (213) 580-5723 ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 37 SECTION G DEFINITIONS Whenever the following terms, or pronouns used in their place, occur in this Manual the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows: Air Gap Separation – A physical break between a water line and a receiving tank or reservoir which is at least double the diameter of the pipeline vertically above the rim of the tank or reservoir, and in no case less than one-inch. Applicant – An Owner or authorized representative of a potential reuse site who applies for recycled water service under terms of the appropriate regulations. An approved Applicant becomes a User. Approved Backflow Prevention Assembly – A device installed to protect the potable water supply from contamination by nonpotable water and is approved by the State of California. Approved Use – An application of recycled water in a manner, and for a purpose, designed in a user agreement issued by the Recycled Water Agency and in compliance with all applicable Regulatory Agency requirements. Approved Use Area – A site with well-defined boundaries, designated in a user agreement issued by the Recycled Water Agency to receive recycled water for an approved use and acknowledged by all applicable Regulatory Agencies. Chief Executive Officer – The highest-ranking management official of the Recycled Water Agency. Construction Use – An approved use of recycled water to support approved construction activities, such as soil compaction and dust control during grading. Cross-Connection – Any physical connection between any part of a water system used or intended to supply water for drinking purposes and any source or system containing water or substance that is not or cannot be approved as safe, wholesome and potable for human consumption. Graywater – Untreated domestic wastewater from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, clothes washing machines, and laundry tubs, but excluding toilets, kitchen sinks, dishwashers, photo development sinks and laundry water from soiled diapers. This is not the same as treated recycled water. Infiltration Rate – The rate at which the soil will accept water as applied during irrigation, expressed in inches per hour. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 38 Inspector – Any person authorized by the Recycled Water Agency or the local health agencies to perform inspections on or off the Users site before construction, during construction, after construction and during operation. Irrigation Period – The time, from start of water flow to end, which a specific area receives recycled water by direct irrigation application, no matter how often the specific area is irrigated - that is length of the duty cycle. Irrigation Use – An approved use of recycled water for landscape irrigation as defined for recycled water under Title 22, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations. Landscape Impoundment – An open body of recycled water on a use site that is utilized for aesthetic enjoyment or which otherwise serves a function not intended to include public contact. Local City or County Health Department – This agency is the local health protection agency for the municipality in question. Nonpotable Water – The water that has not been treated for human consumption in conformance with the latest edition of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Drinking Water Standards, the California Safe Drinking Water Act, or any other applicable standards. This also refers to irrigation or industrial process water derived from a potable water system through an approved backflow prevention device that may be subject to contamination through back-siphonage). Off-site – Designates or relates to recycled water facilities up to and including the water meter that are owned and operated by the Recycled Water Agency. On-site – Designates or relates to facilities owned and operated by a User. Operations Personnel – Any employee of a User, whether permanent or temporary, or any contracted worker whose regular or assigned work involves the supervision, operation or maintenance of equipment on any portion of on-site facilities using recycled water. Operator – Any person, persons or firm, who by entering into an agreement with a User is responsible for operating on-site facilities. Owner – Any holder of legal title, contract purchaser, or lessee under a lease with an unexpired term of more than one year, for property for which recycled water service has been requested or established. Point of Connection – This is the point where the User’s system ties to the Recycled Water Agency’s system, usually at the water meter. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 39 Ponding – Unintentional retention of recycled water on the surface of the ground or other natural or manmade surface for a period following the cessation of an approved recycled water use activity such that a hazard or potential hazard to the public health results. Potable Water – That water that is pure and wholesome, does not endanger the lives or health of human beings, and conforms to the latest edition of the California Safe Drinking Water Act, or other applicable standards. Public – Any person or persons at large who may come in contact with facilities and/or areas where recycled water is approved for use. Rate and Fee Schedule – The schedule of all rates, charges, fees and assessments to be made concerning the use of recycled water served by the Recycled Water Agency as approved or as amended by the Recycled Water Agency. Note: If the recycled water provided by an investor-owned utility functioning as the Recycled Water Agency, rates and fees are approved or amended by the California Public Utilities Commission. Recreational Impoundment – An open body of recycled water located on a use site that may be used for unrestricted body contact swimming, wading) or restricted non-body contact boating, fishing) recreation. Recycled Water – Nonpotable water that is highly treated to the California Code of Regulations, Title 22, Chapter 3 and used for approved purposes other than drinking water. Recycled Water Agency – The local purveyor or producer of recycled water for the specified service area (public or private). Regulatory Agencies – Those public agencies legally constituted to protect the public health and water quality, such as the State Department of Health Services, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board and the local city or county Health Department. Runoff – When recycled water is intentionally or unintentionally allowed to drain outside the approved recycled water irrigation area. Service – The furnishing of recycled water to a User through a metered connection to the on-site facilities. Site Supervisor – A qualified person designated by the User to provide liaison with the Recycled Water Agency. This person should be available to the Recycled Water Agency at all times, should have the knowledge and authority to carry out any requirements of the Recycled Water Agency, and should be responsible for the installation, operation and maintenance of the reclaimed and potable water systems and also prevention of potential hazards. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 40 State Department of Health Services – Shall be the State of California Department of Health Services, Drinking Water Field Operations Branch. Unauthorized Discharge – Any release or spill of recycled water that violates the rules and regulations of the Recycled Water Agency or all applicable Federal, State or local statues, regulations, ordinances, contracts or other requirements. User – Any person, persons or organization (including, but not limited to, any private company or corporation, public utility, municipality or other public body or institution) issued a recycled water Users’ Permit by the Recycled Water Agency. The User and Owner may be the same. User Agreement – An agreement issued by the Recycled Water Agency to a recycled water service Applicant after the satisfactory completion of the service application procedures. This Agreement forms a service agreement between the User and the Recycled Water Agency that legally binds the User to all conditions stated in the Agreement and all applicable Regulatory Agency requirements. User Agreement (For Users Served by an Investor-Owned Utility) – An agreement shall consist of the signed Application, the User Manual, a copy of the applicable Regional Water Quality Control Board water recycling permit and the California Public Utilities Commission approved Tariff Schedules. These form a service agreement between the User and the Recycled Water Agency that legally binds the User to all conditions stated in the Agreement and all applicable Regulatory Agency requirements. Violation – Noncompliance with any condition or conditions of the User Agreement, water recycling requirements issued the Regional Water Quality Control Board and/or Title 22, Chapter 3 of the California Code of Regulations by any person, action or occurrence, whether willfully or by accident. Windblown Spray – Dispersed, airborne particles of recycled water that can be transmitted through the air to locations other than those approved for the direct use of recycled water. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 41 SECTION H TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL USAGE The recycled water that is delivered for beneficial reuse has been “manufactured” at a water reclamation plant, resulting in a quality that meets very strict DHS standards for safety. Even though it is virtually impossible to distinguish the recycled water, as described in this Manual, from potable water supplies. However, there are general chemical differences that may require Users to make changes in their landscaping practices. The following few pages is not meant to be a comprehensive discussion of issues that might arise when irrigating with recycled water; but only the most common areas of concern. SALT LEVELS Salt is a difficult and expensive constituent to remove from water; consequently, it and other minerals that are not often removed by conventional treatment processes. The salinity, or salt levels in recycled water can vary from treatment plant to treatment plant, but are generally higher than the local domestic water supply. Therefore, Users may want to carefully consider their selection of plants, soil composition and irrigation practices. Type of Plants For the most part, turf grass is very tolerant of higher salt levels, as are many ornamental trees and shrubs. Additionally, experience has shown that most flowering plants thrive with the use of recycled water. However, not all landscape plants are suitable for irrigation with recycled water. Most notable of these are azaleas, which are very salt intolerant and should be avoided when using recycled water. Soil Types The type of soil present at a User’s site strongly influences how the salt in the recycled (or any) water affects plant growth and health. Well draining soil is preferable; however, many areas have a clay component in their soil. Clay tends to hold on to salt, and can actually cause the soil to stop draining altogether. This particular phenomenon is the direct result of elevated levels of sodium and is measured by its ratio to calcium and magnesium (Sodium Adsorption Ratio, or SAR). The presence of self-regenerating water softeners that discharge sodium- laden brine into the sewer system are big contributors to elevated sodium levels in the recycled water. Problems with soil drainage due to clay soils and an elevated SAR can be rectified by the application of gypsum (calcium), which loosens the bound up clay and allows for water to drain through the soil. However, when dealing with clay soil drainage issues, some recycled water users have rejected gypsum as it increases the salinity and instead opted for an acid injection system. Buffered acid can be added to break up the bicarbonate binding and salt buildup at the surface level in clay soils and allow improved penetration to the root zone. Irrigation Schedule Many irrigation systems schedule watering for short periods of time, perhaps many nights a week. Depending on the levels of salt in the recycled water ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 42 and the soil type (sand vs. clay), a switch to longer irrigation run times done on a less frequent basis may be called for. Short irrigation runs have the potential to deposit more salt in the root zone, with possible adverse impacts on plant health and growth. Clay soil is more susceptible to this phenomenon than better-draining soils. Heavier watering done less frequently leaches the accumulating salts out of the root zone. This is particularly important in regions of the state that don’t experience sufficient precipitation during the rainy season. Rainfall can have the same effect as longer watering periods, if the rainstorms are heavy enough. Periods of drought can exacerbate the build-up of salts further but can be answered with a modified irrigation schedule. NUTRIENTS Recycled water may also contain higher nutrient levels such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, which are essential components for plant growth. Some treatment processes may reduce the levels of these chemicals, although they are not totally removed. Fertilizer Value While nutrient levels vary among treatment plants, there are sufficient levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in the recycled water to provide fertilizer value to the landscaping each and every time irrigation takes place. Based on nutrient levels in the recycled water being supplied, a Site Supervisor can readily calculate the number of pounds of each constituent being delivered. He or she can then determine how much, if any, and what kind of additional fertilizer needs to be applied. A common mistake is to continue the same fertilizer application schedule that was in place when domestic water was being used for irrigation. The addition of applied fertilizer, on top of the extra nutrients in the recycled water, can cause problems with plant health, groundwater quality problems and avoidable costs to the site in buying and using unnecessary fertilizer. Ornamental Lakes Some reuse sites have ornamental lakes as part of the landscaping. Care must be exercised if recycled water is used to supply these lakes. The nutrient value in the recycled water readily promotes the growth of algae, which can impair the aesthetics of these lakes. This is especially a problem in lakes that are less than 10 feet deep, due to sunlight penetration. Several different strategies have been employed at such lakes, with the greatest level of success in algae control coming from combinations of two or more of the following methods. L Pumping the recycled water from the lake into the irrigation system reduces the amount of time the water (and the nutrients it contains) spends in the lake, consequently reducing algae production. L Re-circulating the water by means of fountains or waterfalls or installing more extensive aeration systems. L Preventing the introduction of organic material (such as grass clippings) from entering the lake. ---PAGE BREAK--- RECYCLED WATER URBAN IRRIGATION USER'S MANUAL Definitions Final February 15, 2005 43 L Stocking the lake with algae eating fish, such as Tilapia However, some fish, like koi, react unfavorably to the higher ammonia levels that may be in the recycled water. L Using a chemical product, such as Aqua-Shade, to prevent sunlight from penetrating the water column. L Using a chemical algaecide, such as copper sulfate. (Warning: This product is also toxic to other organisms, so the lake water could not be used for landscape irrigation.) L Because refilling ornamental lakes may not be a significant consumptive use of the recycled water, in some cases it may be preferable to fill the lakes with potable water or even non-potable well water. Increased Mowing Reports from many turf sites using recycled water have reported the need to mow their grass more often. This is the direct result of the additional nutrients in the recycled water being available for uptake by the grass. ---PAGE BREAK--- UBd UO!4flJ4S eaJy 03!AJGS JO4BM pG3A3O 6IPWd Aj : ieqwn juewpuewy xpueddy ---PAGE BREAK--- PALMDALE BLVD AVENUE S AVENUE T AVENUE P DIVISION STREET STATE ROUTE 14 AVENUE R Sewer Treatment Plant Pipeline Origin 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0.25 Miles µ City of Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan Amendment No. 1 07-23-2009_GIS_00106-03 Legend School Sewer Treatment Plant Recycled Water Pipeline Freeway Street Railroad Other Water Features Existing Park Future Park Waterbody City of Palmdale PALMDALE REGIONAL AIRPORT DISCLAIMER: CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE. THE CITY OF PALMDALE ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF INFORMATION RETRIEVED FROM THIS MAP. THE MAP AND ASSOCIATED DATA ARE PROVIDED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT- ABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE PUBLIC SHOULD NOT MAKE BUSINESS OR PERSONAL DECISIONS BASED ON THE MAP BEFORE VALIDATING DATA WITH THE CITY OF PALMDALE OR OTHER LOCAL, COUNTY, STATE OR FEDERAL AGENCIES. THE CITY OF PALMDALE HAS MADE EVERY EFFORT TO ENSURE THAT THIS MAP IS CORRECT; NEVERTHELESS, SOME INFORMATION MAY NOT BE ENTIRELY ACCURATE. Data Source: Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. The City of Palmdale owns and licenses geographic data from a variety of sources. The information contained herein is the proprietary property of the following owners supplied under license and may not be reproduced except as licensed by those owners: City of Palmdale, Los Angeles County Assessor's Office, Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Data & Maps, United States Geological Survey (USGS), & Tele Atlas (courtesy of the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG)). 30TH STREET EAST 40TH STREET EAST 50TH STREET EAST LACO: Unicorporated LA County Pocket LACO LACO LACO ---PAGE BREAK--- L 6OOO3 uontose eepwe o Auo - r xipueddy ---PAGE BREAK--- CITY COUNCIL CITY OF PALMDALE, CALIFORNIA RESOLUTION NO. CC 2009-117 WHEREAS, the City of Palmdale is authorized by Article Xl, Section 9 of the California Constitution and Water Code section 38730 to provide water, including recycled water, to its inhabitants; and WHEREAS the use of recycled water for irrigation purposes is a paramount goal of the state as evidenced by the provisions of the California Water Code: "It is hereby declared that the primary interest of the people of the state in the conservation of all available water resources requires the maximum reuse of reclaimed water in the satisfaction of requirements for beneficial uses of water" Water Code § 461. "It is hereby declared that the people of the state have a primary interest in the development of facilities to recycle water containing waste to supplement existing su 'ace and underground water supplies and to assist in meeting the future water requirements of the state" Water Code § 13510. "The Legislature hereby finds and declares that the use of potable domestic water for nonpotable uses, including, but not limited to, cemeteries, go courses, parks, highway landscaped areas, and industrial sad irrigation uses, is a waste or an unreasonable use of the water within the meaning of Section 2 of Article X of the California Constitution if recycled water is available which meets all of the following conditions [readily satisfiable conditions foIlow}" Water Code § 13550(a). 'rte'e is a iced for a reliable source of water for uses not mIsted to the supply of potable water to protect investments in agriculture, greenbells, and recreation and to replenish groundwater basins " Water Code § 13570(c). The USC of recycled water is a cosbetfective, reliable method of helping to meet California's water supply needs" Water Code § 13576(f. ---PAGE BREAK--- Resolution No. CC 2009-117 August 5, 2009 Page 2 of 3 "The development of the infrastructure to distribute recycled water will provide jobs and enhance the economy of the state." Water Code § 13578(g). "The Legslature finds and declares that a substantial portion of the future water requirements of this state may be economically met by beneficial use of recycled water. [JJ The Legislature further finds and declares that the utilization of recycled water by local communities for domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreational, and fish and wildlife purposes will contribute to the peace, haith, safety and welfare of the people of the state. Use of recycled water constitutes the development of "new basic water supplies" as that term is used in Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 12880) of Part 6 of Division Water Code § 13511; and WHEREAS, in March 2009, the City of Palmdale prepared "The Palmdale Recycled Water Facilities Plan", revised said Plan in April 2009, and filed the revised Plan with the State of California State Water Resources Control Board and, in July 2009, amended that Plan to include additional distribution facilities; and WHEREAS, the City of Palmdale entered into an agreement to purchase recycled water for use by the City, its inhabitants, schools, and other customers within the City's recycled water service area and is the holder of rights to recycled water produced by Sanitation Districts Nos. 14 and 20; and WHEREAS, the City of Palmdale has expended funds to and is in the process of designing, constructing and installing a recycled water distribution system to provide recycled water to city property and other property located within the City's recycled water service area; and WHEREAS, the City of Palmdale will be capable of providing recycled water to its property within the City's recycled water service area as soon as the Sanitation Districts' treatment plai[s are complete and recycled water is available, desires to do so, and wishes to exercise its rights to do so; and WHEREAS, there is no other entity currenUy providing or able to provide recycled water to the City and its residents in those areas of the City not within the service are of Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 40. NOW, THEREFORE, th City Council hereby linds, determines and resolves as foflows: Section 1 . The 2009 Palrndale Recycled Water Fackties and Distribution Plan as Amended in Ju[y 2009 s hereby approved and adopted, ---PAGE BREAK--- Resolution No. CC 2009-117 August 5, 2009 Page 3 of 3 Section 2. In accordance with and as defined by California State Water Code §13575, the City of Palmdale is hereby declared to be the retail water suppher for all of the City of Palmdale not within the service area of Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 40. PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED this 5th day of August, 2009 by the following vote: AYES: NOES: ABSTAIN: James C. Ledford, Jr., Mayor ATTEST: Victoria L. Hancock, CMC, City Clerk Approved as to form: Wm, Matthew Ditzhazy, City Attorney ---PAGE BREAK--- Resolution No. CC 2009-117 August 5, 2009 Page 3 of 3 Section 2. In accordance with and as defined by California State Water Code §13575, the City of Palmdale is hereby declared to be the retail water suppher for all of the City of Palmdale not within the service area of Los Angeles County Waterworks District No. 40. PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED this 5th day of August, 2009 by the following vote: AYES: NOES: ABSTAIN: James C. Ledford, Jr., Mayor ATTEST: Victoria L. Hancock, CMC, City Clerk Approved as to form: Wm, Matthew Ditzhazy, City Attorney