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Final Drainage Report Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 4 Falcon Commerce Center Industrial Buildings Monument, Colorado Prepared for: Forest Lakes, LLC 1123 Emerson Ave, Suite 204 Evanston, Illinois 60201 Prepared by: Kiowa Project No. 23040 October 28, 2024 ---PAGE BREAK--- i Kiowa Engineering Corporation TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents i Statements and ii I. General Description 1 II. Soil Conditions 1 III. Drainage Criteria 1 IV. Existing Drainage Conditions 2 V. Proposed Drainage Conditions 2 VI. Water Quality and Detention Design 5 VII. Floodplain 5 VIII. Summary 5 IX. References 6 Appendix Table of Contents 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- ii Kiowa Engineering Corporation STATEMENTS AND APPROVALS ENGINEER'S STATEMENT: This report and plan for the final drainage design of Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 4 was prepared by me (or under my direct supervision) in accordance with the provisions of Town of Monument and City of Colorado Springs Drainage Design and Technical Criteria for the owners thereof. I understand that the Town of Monument does not and will not assume liability for drainage facilities designed by others. Matthew W. Erichsen, PE (PE #36713) Date For and on Behalf of Kiowa Engineering Corporation DEVELOPER'S STATEMENT: Forest Lakes, LLC hereby certifies that the drainage facilities for Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 4 shall be constructed according to the design presented in this report. I understand that the Town of Monument does not and will not assume liability for the drainage facilities designed and/or certified by my engineer and that Town of Monument reviews drainage plans pursuant to Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 30, Article 28; but cannot, on behalf of Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 4 guarantee that final drainage design review will absolve Forest Lakes, LLC and/or their successors and/or assigns of future liability for improper design. I further understand that approval of the final plat does not imply approval of my engineer’s drainage design Forest Lakes, LLC Name of Developer Authorized Signature Date ---PAGE BREAK--- 1 Kiowa Engineering Corporation I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The purpose of this Final Drainage Report is to describe the drainage patterns and impacts associated with the proposed improvements associated with the Falcon Commerce Center (FCC) Industrial Buildings development (Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. The subject site is located southwest of the intersection of Squadron Drive and Terrazzo Drive. The site is bounded on the north by Squadron Drive, Terrazzo Drive is located to the east, the UPS development/property is located to the west, the Santa Fe trail is located to the southwest and a park/open space is located to the southeast. This development will include construction of two industrial buildings including loading docks and offices; paved parking area, utilities and landscaping. The property is located in Section 35, Township 11 South, Range 67 West of the Sixth Principal Meridian, El Paso County, Colorado. The location of the site is shown on the Vicinity Map (Figure The property is approximately 23.11 acres in area. The property is located within a Planned Unit Development (PUD). The Town requested a lot coverage calculation. The PUD Lot Coverage definition is “The percentage of the lot area that may be covered by all of the footprints of the buildings and structures on a lot including detached garages, carports, sheds, gazebos, covered patios and decks. Driveways, dock areas, surface parking, uncovered patios and decks, and other impervious surfaces are not included.” The Town code definition is the same without the last sentence that clarifies what is excluded from the calculation. The lot coverage for the property is: Lot 1=36.9% and Lot 2=34.5%. An impervious area calculation has been completed as part of the drainage analysis. Refer to Section V for this information. There are no irrigation facilities located within the property. II. SOIL CONDITIONS Soils within the property are classified to be within Hydrologic Soils Group B based on the NRCS Soil Survey for the El Paso County area. Soils on the site are predominantly Pring coarse sandy loam and Peyton-Pring complex (Soil Group For the site drainage calculations, the soils were assumed to be Hydrologic Soil Group B. The existing vegetative cover within the development is in fair condition after the overlot grading associated with the first phase of the development in 2021 with mostly native grasses throughout the site. The existing ground slopes within a majority of the property range from 2 to 8 percent. III. DRAINAGE CRITERIA Hydrologic and hydraulic calculations for the site were performed using the methods outlined in the City of Colorado Springs Drainage Criteria Manual Volumes 1 and 2. Topography for the site was compiled using one-foot contour interval and is presented on the Drainage Plan. The hydrological calculations and design is in conformance with the FCC MDDP Update (most current MDDP Update is the Final Drainage Report and MDDP Update Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 3, prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corp, dated July 9, 2024). The Drainage Plan – Proposed Conditions (Exhibit A) presents the proposed drainage patterns for the site, including the sub-basins impacted by this phase of the development. The peak flow rates for the sub-basins were estimated using the Rational Method. The 5-year (Minor Storm) and 100-year (Major Storm) recurrence intervals were determined. The one-hour rainfall depths were determined from Table 6-2 of the City’s Drainage Criteria Manual, Volume 1. Hydraulic calculations are provided for the proposed drainage facilities in the Final Drainage Report. Mile High Flood District (MHFD) spreadsheets and software are used to design the inlets and storm sewer. The UD-Inlet spreadsheet will be used for inlet capacity calculations. The UD-Sewer software is used to analyze and size the storm sewer system along with determining the Hydraulic Grade Line ---PAGE BREAK--- 2 Kiowa Engineering Corporation (HGL). HGL calcs for the on site storm sewer networks will be provided as part of the construction documents submittal. IV. EXISTING DRAINAGE CONDITIONS The existing drainage patterns for the subject site were reviewed and described as part of the Falcon Commerce Center Master Development Drainage Plan and Updates. Refer to that document for detailed description and calculations for the existing conditions. The runoff from the existing site sheet flows to the south-southwest onto the adjacent property. The area subject to development is located to the south of Squadron Drive and west of Terrazzo Drive. There are gutter flows in both streets adjacent to the site. The property to the west is a UPS facility and the runoff from that site is contained to the site except for a small landscape/grass strip along the property line. A storm sewer system (Storm Sewer 1) is located along the southwest side of the site, conveying the site flows to the existing full spectrum detention basin (sub-regional detention basin) located to the south of the development. This detention basin and storm sewer were designed to account for the developed flows from the subject site. Another storm sewer system (Storm Sewer 2) is located to the south of the site to the south of the park. Storm Sewer 2 connects to Storm Sewer 1 at the southwest corner of the property. V. PROPOSED DRAINAGE CONDITIONS The proposed drainage patterns for the development are described below. Refer to the Falcon Commerce Center MDDP Update for a description of the overall drainage patterns and to the Final Drainage Report Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 1 for the design of the sub-regional detention basin. The proposed drainage patterns for the property will generally include sheet flow, gutter and drain pan flow to grated inlets or curb inlets with storm sewer pipes to capture and convey the peak flows from the 100-year storm event. On-site storm sewer systems will route the flows into the existing storm sewer system adjacent to the site. This storm sewer convey the subject property’s runoff to the existing FCC sub-regional which provides stormwater quality and detention. The percent impervious for the proposed site is 76.2% which is lower than what was assumed for the area as part of the MDDP and sub-regional detention basin design which is 85% impervious. Resulting in a reduction in peak flows leaving the site and volume required for stormwater quality and detention improvements in comparison to the MDDP calculations. Refer to the Appendix for pages from the Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 3 FDR which includes and MDDP update. The MDDP and previous MDDP Update also include the same percent impervious for this area. The Drainage Plan – Proposed Condition for the site is provided at the end of this report. Following is a description of the proposed drainage basins and patterns. Sub-basin OS-1: The sub-basin is located to the north of the site and includes the south half of Squadron Drive from the Terrazzo intersection to the proposed access drive. The area consists of pavement, sidewalk and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the Squadron curb line which will convey the flows west to the proposed access drive/curb cut. The access drive does not include a high point, runoff from the basin will drain into the site at Sub-basin A1 where they are accounted for. Sub-basin OS-2: The sub-basin is located to the east of the site and includes the west half of Terrazzo Drive from the intersection with Squadron to this point. The area consists of pavement, sidewalk and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the Terrazzo curb line which will convey the flows south to the proposed curb inlet on grade. A storm sewer pipe will convey the flows from the inlet to the existing inlet on the other side of the access drive. The storm sewer discharges to the FCC sub-regional detention basin. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3 Kiowa Engineering Corporation Sub-basin A1: The sub-basin is located at the northwest corner of the site, west of Building B including mainly pavement aisles, loading docks and landscape area. Runoff sheets flows to the curb line along the west where the flows will be conveyed to a curb inlet on grade. Off site flows will enter the basin from Squadron Drive gutter and will be captured by the inlet on grade. An on-site storm sewer system will begin at this point. Sub-basin A2: The sub-basin is located along the west side of the site (west of Building The area consists of pavement, loading docks and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow southwest to the curb line which will route the flows south to the proposed curb inlet on grade. The flows from the inlet will be routed to the storm sewer system. Sub-basin A3: The sub-basin is located along the west side of the site (between Buildings A and The area consists of pavement and some landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow southwest to the curb line which will route the flows south to the proposed curb inlet on grade. The flows from the inlet will be routed to the storm sewer system. The storm sewer continues south to an existing manhole along Storm Sewer 1 which is MDDP DP 8. Drainage calculations in the Appendix show that connecting in this location will work, due to a smaller area than assumed in the MDDP. Sub-basins A4 – A4.5: The sub-basins including the Building B roof. The roof is designed to slope to the west where downspouts will be located to convey the flows down to the ground surface. A pipe will connect to the downspouts to take the stormwater underground and into a storm sewer. The storm sewer increases in sizes as more building roof area drains into the pipe. This pipe will connect to the storm sewer system described above and specifically at the inlet in sub-basin A2. Sub-basin A8: The sub-basin is located along the east side of the site (east of Building The area consists of paved drive aisles and parking and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow east and south along a drain pan and curb line which will route the flows to a curb inlet in sump condition, designed to capture the 100 year storm event. A storm sewer will begin in this location and convey flows to the storm sewer system described above. Sub-basin A9: The sub-basin is located along the east side of the site (east of Building The area consists of paved drive aisle, parking, landscaping and the access drive off Terrazzo Drive. Runoff will sheet flow east to the curb line which will route the flows south to a curb inlet in sump condition, designed to capture the 100 year storm event. The storm sewer from Sub-basin A8 connects to this inlet and continues west. A high point will be included along the access drive to keep flows from Terrazzo Drive from entering the site. Sub-basin A10: The sub-basin is located to the south side of Building B. The area consists of paved drive aisle, parking and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow southwest to the curb line which will route the flows west to a curb inlet on grade. The storm sewer from Sub-basin A8 and A9 connects to this inlet along with the storm sewer from the building roof. Sub-basins A11 – A13: The sub-basins are located to the northwest of Building A. The area consists of paved drive aisles, parking and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to a grated inlet in each basin designed to capture the 100 year storm event. A storm sewer will convey the flows from these inlets to the Storm Sewer System described in Sub-basin A3. Sub-basin A14: The sub-basin is located along the west property line. The area consists of landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow west to a low point along the property line which will then continue south off the property. Runoff from the adjacent property to the west will combine with these flows. Sub-basin A15: The sub-basin is located to the east of the Building B parking area and south of the access drive. The area consists of landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow east onto Terrazzo Drive where ---PAGE BREAK--- 4 Kiowa Engineering Corporation the curb gutter will convey the flows south to a proposed inlet along Terrazzo Drive. The runoff will be routed to the FCC storm sewer system and the sub-regional detention basin. Sub-basin B1: The sub-basin is located to the north of Building A. The area consists of paved drive aisle, loading dock, access drive from Terrazzo Drive and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow across the drive and pavement to the south where a grated inlet in sump condition is designed to capture the 100 year storm event. An inlet will be added along Terrazzo Drive uphill of the access drive to capture the flows in the road before draining into the site, refer to Sub-basin OS-2. Sub-basin B1.1: The sub-basin is located to the east of the Building B parking area and south of the access drive. The area consists of landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow southeast onto the proposed access drive to Building A and into Sub-basin B1.1. The runoff will be captured by the inlet in Sub- basin B1. Sub-basin B2: The sub-basin is located to the northeast of Building A. The area consists of paved drive aisle, loading dock and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to a drain pan at the outside edge of the loading dock paving which will convey flows to a grated inlet in sump condition designed to capture the 100 year storm event. Sub-basins B3 – B3.5: The sub-basins includes half of the Building A roof. The roof is designed for half of it to slope to the northeast where downspouts will be located to convey the flows down to the ground surface. A pipe will connect to the downspouts to take the stormwater underground and into a storm sewer. The storm sewer increases in size as more building roof area drains into the pipe. The inlet described in Sub-basin B1 will be connected to this storm sewer. Ultimately, the storm sewer pipe will connect to the existing storm sewer pipe along the southeast side of the site Sub-basin B4: The sub-basin is located to the southeast side of Building A. The area consists of paved drive aisle, parking and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the curb line which will route the flows south to a curb inlet in sump condition designed to capture the 100 year event. The storm sewer from Sub-basin B2 connects to this inlet. Sub-basin B5: The sub-basin is located to the southeast side of Building A along the access drive. The area consists of a paved drive aisle and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the curb line along the east side of the site which will convey the flows south to a curb inlet on grade. The storm sewer from Sub-basin B4 connects to this inlet and continues south into Sub-basin B6. A high point will be located along the access drive connection to Terrazzo to keep the public road gutter flows from entering the site. Sub-basin B6: The sub-basin is located at the south end of the site in a low point of the drive aisle. The area consists of paved drive aisle and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the curb line which will route the flows south to a curb inlet in sump condition at the low point in the access drive. The inlet is designed to capture the 100 year event. The storm sewer from Sub-basin B5 connects to this the storm sewer out of the inlet. The storm sewer will connect to the existing 54-inch RCP storm sewer (Storm Sewer 2) at an existing manhole along the south side of the site before it connects to Storm Sewer 1. The MDDP shows the flows from this portion of the site connecting directly to Storm 1 instead of Storm 2 first. Therefore, the flows in Storm 2 will increase for this last segment of pipe before the Storm 1 connection, however Storm 2 has sufficient capacity. The Storm 2 UD-Sewer output is provided in the Appendix showing the pipe has capacity to convey the flows. The resulting flows at MDDP DP 11 in Storm 1 is very similar between this report and the FCC MDDP Update. Sub-basin B8: The sub-basin is located to the south of Building A. The area consists of paved drive aisle, loading dock and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the south curb line which will convey flows to a curb inlet in sump condition designed to capture the 100 year storm event. Manholes and ---PAGE BREAK--- 5 Kiowa Engineering Corporation storm sewer are located within the basin from the south half of the building (the Sub-basin B9’s). The storm sewer connects to the outfall pipe described in Sub-basin B6. Sub-basins B9 – A9.5: The sub-basins include the south half of the Building A roof. The roof is designed for half of it to slope to the southwest where downspouts will be located to convey the flows down to the ground surface. A pipe will connect to the downspouts to take the stormwater underground and into a storm sewer. The storm sewer increases in size as more building roof area drains into the pipe. The storm sewer continues east to the existing 36-inch storm sewer described in Sub-basin B6. Sub-basin B10: The sub-basin is located to the southeast side of Building A. The area consists of paved drive aisle, parking and landscaping. Runoff will sheet flow to the curb line which will route the flows south to a curb inlet in sump condition designed to capture the 100 year event. A storm sewer will convey the flows from the inlet to the proposed storm sewer described in Sub-basin B6. Sub-basin B11: The sub-basin is located along the southwest property line. The area includes landscaping which will sheet flow southwest draining off the property as it does in the existing condition. Sub-basin B11.1: The sub-basin is located along the southwest property line. The area includes a future truck trailer parking area. In the current development it will be landscaping which will sheet flow southwest draining off the property as it does in the existing condition. The runoff from the future truck trailer parking area will sheet flow to the curb and gutter and drain to the 10-ft curb inlet. VI. WATER QUALITY AND DETENTION DESIGN The proposed development will drain to the existing sub-regional storm water quality and detention basin at the south end of the FCC property (north of Jackson Creek) that was constructed as part of FCC Filing No. 1. The detention basin was designed and constructed to meet the requirements of the Town of Monument and the City of Colorado Spring’s Drainage Criteria Manual (Volume 1 and It is a Full Spectrum Detention (FSD) basin that provides stormwater quality and detention improvements for the overall development. The planned percent impervious for this development is roughly 73% compared to the 85% imperiousness that was assumed in the MDDP. VII. FLOODPLAIN The subject property is not located within a FEMA regulated floodplain based on Flood Insurance Rate Map 08041C0286 G (effective date of December 7, 2018). VIII. SUMMARY This Final Drainage Report has been prepared in general conformance with the Town of Monument standards and the City of Colorado Springs Drainage Criteria Manual Volumes 1 and 2. The percent impervious for the proposed site is 76.2% which is lower than what was assumed for the area as part of the MDDP and sub-regional detention basin design which is 85% impervious. Resulting in a decrease in site runoff and stormwater quality and detention volume when compared to the MDDP calculations. No improvements to the existing storm sewer system or sub-regional stormwater detention basin will be required as part of this development. The proposed stormwater management design for the subject site has been designed to properly convey and treat stormwater based on the requirements and guidance provided in the criteria manuals and MDDP for the development. ---PAGE BREAK--- 6 Kiowa Engineering Corporation IX. REFERENCES 1) Final Drainage Report and MDDP Update, Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 3, prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corporation, dated July 9, 2024. (Most current MDDP Update) 2) Final Drainage Report, Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 2, prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corporation, dated May 24, 2022. 3) Final Drainage Report, Falcon Commerce Center Filing No. 1, prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corporation, dated December 7, 2020. 4) Master Development Drainage Plan, Falcon Commerce Center, prepared by Kiowa Engineering Corporation, dated October 13, 2020 and updated May 17, 2022. 5) City of Colorado Springs, Drainage Criteria Manual, Volumes 1 and 2 dated May 2014. Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Vol. 1, 2 and 3, and Design Workbooks/Spreadsheets, Mile High Flood Control District, latest revisions. ---PAGE BREAK--- 7 Kiowa Engineering Corporation APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX A Figure 1: Vicinity Map Soils Map FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map APPENDIX B Hydrologic Calculations Runoff Coefficient and Percent Impervious Calculations Time of Concentration and Drainage Basin Runoff Calculations APPENDIX B.1 Supporting Hydrologic Tables and Figures APPENDIX B.2 Relevant Pages from Other Drainage Reports APPENDIX C Hydraulic Calculations Inlet Capacity Pipe Capacity APPENDIX D Drainage Plan – Proposed Condition ---PAGE BREAK--- Kiowa Engineering Corporation APPENDIX A Figure 1: Vicinity Map Soils Map FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map ---PAGE BREAK--- FIGURE 1 VICINITY MAP FALCON COMMERCE CENTER FILING NO. 3 SCALE: NTS SITE ---PAGE BREAK--- Hydrologic Soil Group—El Paso County Area, Colorado Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 7/14/2024 Page 1 of 4 4322270 4322340 4322410 4322480 4322550 4322620 4322690 4322760 4322830 4322270 4322340 4322410 4322480 4322550 4322620 4322690 4322760 4322830 512400 512470 512540 512610 512680 512750 512820 512400 512470 512540 512610 512680 512750 512820 39° 3' 16'' N 104° 51' 24'' W 39° 3' 16'' N 104° 51' W 39° 2' 57'' N 104° 51' 24'' W 39° 2' 57'' N 104° 51' W N Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 13N WGS84 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 40 80 160 240 Meters Map Scale: 1:2,950 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet. Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. ---PAGE BREAK--- MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Rating Polygons A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Soil Rating Lines A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Soil Rating Points A A/D B B/D C C/D D Not rated or not available Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: El Paso County Area, Colorado Survey Area Data: Version 21, Aug 24, 2023 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Jun 9, 2021—Jun 12, 2021 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Hydrologic Soil Group—El Paso County Area, Colorado Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 7/14/2024 Page 2 of 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Hydrologic Soil Group Map unit symbol Map unit name Rating Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 71 Pring coarse sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes B 24.4 100.0% Totals for Area of Interest 24.4 100.0% Description Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-duration storms. The soils in the United States are assigned to four groups B, C, and D) and three dual classes (A/D, B/D, and C/D). The groups are defined as follows: Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission. Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water transmission. Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water transmission. Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D, B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the second is for undrained areas. Only the soils that in their natural condition are in group D are assigned to dual classes. Rating Options Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition Hydrologic Soil Group—El Paso County Area, Colorado Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 7/14/2024 Page 3 of 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified Tie-break Rule: Higher Hydrologic Soil Group—El Paso County Area, Colorado Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey National Cooperative Soil Survey 7/14/2024 Page 4 of 4 ---PAGE BREAK--- H W W H D Q Q X D O F K D Q F H I O R R G Z L W K D Y H U D J H G H S W K O H V V W K D Q R Q H I R R W R U Z L W K G U D L Q D J H D U H D V R I O H V V W K D Q R Q H V T X D U H P L O H L Q L P $ U H D R I 8 Q G H W H U P 6 H Z H U D W H U 6 X U I D F H ( O H Y D W L R Q &