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LEVEL 1 WATERSHED ASSESSMENT WRIA 31 (Rock-Glade Watershed) Prepared for: WRIA 31 Planning Unit Project No. 030009-001-01 November 12, 2004 Final Project funded through Ecology Grant No. G020010 Prepared by: Aspect Consulting LLC and Watershed Professionals Network ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 FINAL i Contents Acronym Executive Water Quantity Water Fish Habitat Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview and Objectives 1-1 1.2 WRIA 31 Planning 1-1 1.3 Document 1-2 1.4 Limitations 1-3 Chapter 2. Hydrologic Framework 2.1 Subbasin 2-1 2.2 Topography 2-2 2.3 Geologic Setting 2-3 2.4 Soils 2-7 2.5 Climate 2-10 2.5.1 Precipitation 2.5.2 Air Temperature 2.6 Land Cover/Land 2-14 2.6.1 Land Cover/Land Use Data 2.6.2 Land Cover by Subbasin Chapter 3. Water Quantity 3.1 Surface Water Quantity 3-1 3.1.1 Streamflow Estimates 3.1.2 Summary of Streamflow Characteristics 3.1.3 Flood 3.2 Columbia River and Yakima River Flow Data 3-10 3.2.1 Columbia River Instream Flow Program 3.2.2 Streamflow Data for Columbia River Near WRIA 31 3.2.3 Streamflow Data for Yakima River Near WRIA 3.3 Groundwater 3-13 3.3.1 Groundwater Recharge and 3.3.2 Groundwater Occurrence and Flow Directions 3.3.3 Groundwater Conditions and Hydraulic Continuity by Subbasin.............3-20 ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING ii FINAL PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 3.4 Water Rights 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 Summary of Water 3.4.4 “Interruptible” Water Rights for Main Stem Columbia 3.5 Current Water Use 3.5.1 Estimated Irrigation Water 3.5.2 Estimated Public Water System Water 3.5.3 Estimated Non-Public Water Supply Water 3.5.4 Estimated Water Use by 3.6 Subbasin-Scale Water 3.6.1 Comparison of Water Appropriation and Estimated Use 3.6.2 Water Use by 3.6.3 Groundwater Recharge and Withdrawal 3.7 Future Water Chapter 4. Water Quality 4-1 4.1 Water Quality Standards 4.1.1 Surface Water Quality 4.1.2 Groundwater Quality Standards 4.2 Water Quality 4.2.1 Surface Water Quality 4.2.2 Groundwater Quality Data Chapter 5. Fish Habitat Assessment 5-1 5.1 5.2 Methods 5.2.1 Existing Literature 5.2.2 Reconnaissance 5.2.3 Review of Historical 5.3 Hatchery Operations 5.4 Fish Distribution, Stock Status, and Population 5.4.1 Data Sources 5.4.2 Steelhead 5.4.2 Chinook 5.4.3 Coho Salmon 5.4.4 Resident Fish 5.5 Habitat 5.5.1 Passage Barriers 5.5.2 Rock Creek 5.5.3 Chapman 5.5.4 Wood Gulch 5.5.5 Pine Creek 5.5.6 Alder Creek 5.5.7 Dead Canyon and Glade ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 FINAL iii Chapter 6. Data Gaps and Recommendations 6.1 Water Quantity Assessment Data Gaps and Recommendations 6-1 6.1.1 Surface Water 6.1.2 Groundwater Quantity 6.1.3 Water 6.2 Water Quality Assessment Data 6-4 6.3 Habitat Assessment Data 6-5 6.3.1 Fish 6.3.2 Fish 6.3.3 Restoration 6.3.4 6.4 Prioritization and Recommendations 6-7 Chapter 7. AK-1 List of Tables 2-1 Subbasin Areas 2-2 Subbasin Elevation Statistics 2-3 Proportion of Land Surface Slope Angle by Subbasin 2-4 Proportion of Geologic Units by Subbasin 2-5 Descriptions of Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) Properties 2-6 Proportion of Hydrologic Soil Groups by Subbasin 2-7 Available Precipitation Data for WRIA 31 2-8 Mean Annual Precipitation by Subbasin 2-9 Descriptions of Land Cover Types within WRIA 31 2-10 Proportion of Land Cover Types by Subbasin (1992 Data) 3-1 USGS Stream Gage Distribution by Subbasin 3-2 USGS Stream Gages in WRIA 31 3-3 Summary of USGS Peak Flow Data for WRIA 31 3-4 Miscellaneous Streamflow Spot Measurements in WRIA 31 List of Tables (continued) 3-5 Estimated Annual Groundwater Recharge Volumes by Subbasin 3-6 Information Regarding Wells Used for Water Level Hydrographs ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING iv FINAL PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 3-7 Recorded Water Rights, Claims, and Applications by Beneficial Use for Each Subbasin 3-8 Sources for Groundwater and Surface Water Certificates and Permits for all of WRIA 31 (Including McNary Dam Water Right) 3-9 Summary of Water Rights by Primary Listed Beneficial Use (Including McNary Dam Water Right) 3-10 Summary of Water Rights by Primary Listed Beneficial Use (Excluding McNary Dam Hydroelectric Right) 3-11 Cumulative Recorded Water Rights by Source, Rock Creek Subbasin 3-12 Cumulative Recorded Water Rights by Source, Wood/Alder Creeks Subbasin 3-13 Cumulative Recorded Water Rights by Source, Glade/Fourmile Subbasin (Excluding McNary Dam Right) 3-14 Cumulative Recorded Water Rights by Source, Kennewick Subbasin 3-15 Agricultural Acreages by Subbasin 3-16 Effective Row Crop Acreages Accounting for Typical Row Crop Rotation 3-17 Estimated Acres of Orchards and Vineyards 3-18 Estimated Public Water System Water Use 3-19 Estimated Public Water System Water Use 3-20 Estimated Self-Supplied Residential Water Use 3-21 Estimates of Maximum Self-Supplied Residential Water Use 3-22 Estimate of Non-PWS Non-Residential Water Use 3-23 Estimated Water Use by Subbasin in WRIA 31 3-24 Estimation of WRIA 31 Water Use Supplied by Columbia River 3-25 Current Condition Water Balance by Subbasin 3-26 Proportion of Subbasin Annual Water Use by Supply Source 3-27 Proportion of Subbasin Annual Water Use by Supply Source List of Tables (continued) 3-28 City of Kennewick PWS Demand Forecast 3-29 Population Projections for Benton and Klickitat Counties, 2000-2025 4-1 Water Quality Criteria for all Surface Waters in WRIA 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 FINAL v 4-2 Assessment Categories for Water Quality Assessment Program 4-3 Summary of EKCD Water Temperature Data for Rock Creek 4-4 Comparison of Late-Season (July-September) Water Temperatures in Rock Creek by Monitoring Station 4-5 EKCD Water Quality Data for the Rock Creek Subbasin 4-6 USGS Water Quality Data for Rock Creek 4-7 Summary of EKCD Water Temperature Data for Wood/Alder Creeks Subbasin 4-8 Comparison of Late-Season (July-September) Water Temperatures in Wood/Alder Subbasin by Monitoring Station 4-9 EKCD Water Quality Data for the Wood/Alder Subbasin 4-10 USGS Water Quality Data for Alder Creek 4-11 Summary of EKCD Water Temperature Data for Glade/Fourmile Creeks Subbasin 4-12 EKCD Water Quality Data for the Glade/Fourmile Creeks Subbasin 4-13 Constituents Exceeding Groundwater Quality Standards Based on DOH Public Water System Monitoring Data (2000-2004) 5-1 Summary of Applicable Fisheries Reports 5-2 Locations, Primary Surveyor, and Survey Dates of General Land Office (GLO) Notes Reviewed 5-3 Tagged Fish Returns, 1984-1986 5-4 General Riparian Vegetation Characteristics along Rock Creek of the Bickleton Highway Bridge 5-5 Road Density in the Rock Creek Basin List of Figures 2-1 Delineated Subbasins 2-2 3D Relief Map 2-3 Geologic Map 2-4 Cross Section A-A’ 2-5 Cross Section B-B’ ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING vi FINAL PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 2-6 Cross Section C-C’ 2-7 Cross Section D-D’ 2-8 Hydrologic Soils Group Mapping 2-9 Climate Stations and Mean Annual Precipitation Distribution 2-10 Mean Snowfall Data 2-11 Mean Precipitation Data 2-12 Long-Term Annual Precipitation 2-13 DNR Precipitation Zones 2-14 Air Temperature Data 2-15 1992 Landsat Land Cover/Land Use 2-16 Relative Distribution of Land Cover by Subbasin 3-1 USGS Stream Gaging Locations 3-2 Data Availability for the USGS Stream Flow Stations in WRIA 31 3-3 Exceedance Flows for USGS Stations at Rock and Alder Creeks 3-4 Hydrographs for Rock and Alder Creeks 3-5 Unit Area runoff at Rock and Alder Creeks 3-6 Mean Daily Flows for McNary and John Day Dams and the Columbia River at Pasco 3-7 Exceedance Flows and Minimum Instream Flow Requirements for McNary and John Day Dams 3-8 Mean Weekly Flows (1998-2003) AND Minimum Instream Flow Requirements for McNary and John Day Dams List of Figures (continued) 3-9 Mean Daily Flows on the Yakima River Near WRIA 31, 1971-2002 3-10 Groundwater Recharge Distribution for 1975 Land Use Conditions 3-11 Groundwater Recharge Distribution for Predevelopment Land Use Conditions 3-12 Groundwater Elevations in the Grande Ronde Basalt 3-13 Groundwater Elevations in the Wanapum Basalt 3-14 Groundwater Elevations in the Saddle Mountains Basalt ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 FINAL vii 3-15 Hydrographs for Wells in Rock Creek Subbasin 3-16 Hydrographs for Wells in Wood/Alder Subbasin 3-17 Hydrographs for Wells in Glade/Fourmile Subbasin 3-18 Hydrographs for Wells in Glade/Fourmile Subbasin 3-19 Hydrographs for Wells in Kennewick Subbasin 3-20 Distribution of Appropriated Water Rights 3-21 Distribution of Water Right Applications 3-22 Water Rights by Use in Rock Creek and Wood/Alder Creeks Subbasins 3-23 Water Rights by Use in Glade/Fourmile Creeks and Kennewick Subbasins 3-24 Agricultural Croplands 4-1 EKCD Surface Water Quality Monitoring Stations 5-1 Salmonid Distribution 5-2 Depiction of the Timing of Key Life History Phases of Anadromous Fish Species Found in WRIA 31 5-3 Aerial Photograph of Typical Forest within the Managed Timber Lands of the Rock Creek Basin 5-4 Road Density in Basins on the Eastside of Washington State 5-5 Sediment Delivered to Streams as a Function of Road Density 5-6 Lower Wood Gulch Creek 5-7 Lower Six Prong Creek 5-8 Six Prong Creek, Roughly ½ Way Up the Stream ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 FINAL AL-1 Acronym List °C Degrees Celsius °F Degrees Farenheit 7-DADMax Seven-day average of daily maximum water temperature ASR Aquifer Storage and Recovery ATV All Terrain Vehicle Avg Average AFY Acre-Feet per Year BLM Bureau of Land Management cfs cubic feet per second CID Columbia Irrigation District Corps United States Army Corps of Engineers CRB Columbia River Basalt Group CRO Washington State Department of Ecology Central Regional Office DEM Digital Elevation Model DNR Washington State Department of Natural Resources DO Dissolved Oxygen DOH Washington State Department of Health Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology EKCD Eastern Klickitat Conservation District ERU Equivalent Residential Unit ESU Evolutionarily Significant Unit ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ET Evapotranspiration Federal Columbia River Power System GIS Geographic Information System GLO General Land Office gpd gallon per day gpcd gallon per capita day gpm gallon per minute GW Groundwater HSG Hydrologic Soil Group kcfs thousand cubic feet per second ---PAGE BREAK--- ASPECT CONSULTING AL-2 FINAL PROJECT NO. 030009-001-01 NOVEMBER 12, 2004 LCCP Land Cover Characterization Program LLC Limited Liability Company KID Kennewick Irrigation District Max Maximum MCL Maximum Contaminant Level mg/L milligrams of solute per liter of solution Min Minimum MOA Memorandum of Agreement NLCD United States National Land Cover Data NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NRCS Natural Resource Conservation District OFM Office of Financial Management PAWS Public Agricultural Weather System PDO Pacific Decadal Oscillation pH Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration PRISM Parameter-Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model PUD Public Utility District PWS Public Water System SNOTEL Snowpack Telemetry STORET Storage and Retrieval (EPA water quality database) SW Surface Water SWE Snow Water Equivalent TDG Total Dissolved Gas TDS Total Dissolved Solids TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load UAR Unit Area Runoff URB Up River Bright USBR United Stated Bureau of Reclamation USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey WAC Washington Administrative Code WAU Watershed Administrative Unit WDFW Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife WRIA Water Resource Inventory Area WRCC Western Regional Climate Center WRTS Water Rights Tracking System Washington State Pesticide Monitoring Program