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WATER QUALITY REPORT 2023 WATER QUALITY REPORT 2024 ---PAGE BREAK--- Contaminant levels in your drinking water are at or below state and federal regulatory limits. The test results are shown in the Water Quality Analysis Table. Although the City of Kennewick water is tested for all regulated and many unregulated contaminants, some contaminants not detected in the water are not included in this report. However, additional monitoring data is available upon request. Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders and some elderly and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These individuals should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Giardia and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]). If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with private service lines and home plumbing. The City of Kennewick is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for thirty seconds to two minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]) or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead. Caution: Never drink water directly from rivers, lakes or irrigation canals. HOW CAN I PARTICIPATE? City Council meetings are held the first and third Tuesday’s of each month at 6:30 pm in the Council Chambers at City Hall (210 W. 6th Avenue). The agenda for each meeting is published on the City’s website at www.go2kennewick. com. On occasion, items related to the water system are discussed. Please feel free to participate. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Another contact for additional information on the health aspects of local drinking water is the Benton-Franklin Health District. They can be reached at (509) 460-4206. EN ESPAÑOL Este informe contiene información importante acerca de su agua potable. Haga que alguien lo traduzca para usted, o hable con alguien que lo entienda. IS YOUR WATER SAFE? Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]) Contaminant levels in your drinking water are at or below state and federal regulatory limits. The test results are shown in the Water Quality Analysis Table. Although the City of Kennewick water is tested for all regulated and many unregulated contaminants, some contaminants not detected in the water are not included in this report. However, additional monitoring data is available upon request. Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders and some elderly and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These individuals should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Giardia and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]). If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with private service lines and home plumbing. The City of Kennewick is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for thirty seconds to two minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]) or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead. Caution: Never drink water directly from rivers, lakes or irrigation canals. HOW CAN I PARTICIPATE? City Council meetings are held the first and third Tuesday’s of each month at 6:30 pm in the Council Chambers at City Hall (210 W. 6th Avenue). The agenda for each meeting is published on the City’s website at www.go2kennewick. com. On occasion, items related to the water system are discussed. Please feel free to participate. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Another contact for additional information on the health aspects of local drinking water is the Benton-Franklin Health District. They can be reached at (509) 460-4206. EN ESPAÑOL Este informe contiene información importante acerca de su agua potable. Haga que alguien lo traduzca para usted, o hable con alguien que lo entienda. IS YOUR WATER SAFE? Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]) ---PAGE BREAK--- Safe, reliable drinking water is a basic life necessity. The City of Kennewick is proud to deliver excellent water to our customers every day. We think it is important for our customers to understand where their water comes from, how safe it is, and what actions we take to ensure its continuing high quality. The following report provides the information you need to know about the water you drink. The City ensures the tap water you receive is safe through an extensive water quality monitoring program. Over 1100 tests are run annually. In 2021, no EPA maximum contaminant level was exceeded. CONTACT INFORMATION Contact Information: If you have questions about this report, or about water quality, please call the City’s Water Treatment Plant at (509) 585-4318. We can also be contacted at our website: http://www.go2kennewick.com HARDNESS The hardness of City water ranges from 50 to 200 ppm (5 to 14 grains/ gallon). These hardness levels vary throughout the year. Up to the moment information on hardness levels can be obtained by contacting the City’s Water Treatment Plant at (509) 585-4318. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (HABS) Algae growth is a common occurrence that is observed in many waterways. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can occur with algae overgrowth and are known to produce dangerous toxins in fresh or marine waters. HABs are most common when the following exist; abundant sun light, excessive heat/warm water, slow-moving water, and certain nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). HABs were detected in the Columbia River during the summer months of 2021. Immediately following the extremely hot start to the summer of 2021, the Benton Franklin Health District (BFHD) began receiving reports of sick pets as a result of normal water recreation activities in or along the Columbia River areas fronting the Cities of Kennewick, Richland, and Pasco. In coordination with the Washington Department of Health (DOH) and BFHD, the surrounding cities began sampling raw and potable water sources to ensure safe drinking water standards were being met. Although there were no measured levels of concern, low levels of toxins associated with HABs were detected in raw water samples. The City of Kennewick has treatment processes capable of removing these toxins to ensure the potable water system continues to deliver safe and reliable drinking water. Prior to the summer months of 2022, the City of Kennewick worked closely with the DOH, EPA, BFHD, and the other local cities, to develop a strategic monitoring plan to routinely test for HABs and their associated toxins. Moving forward we will continue to monitor, sample and test for HAB during the summer season with direction from DOH. Safe, reliable drinking water is a basic life necessity. The City of Kennewick is proud to deliver excellent water to our customers every day. We think it is important for our customers to understand where their water comes from, how safe it is, and what actions we take to ensure its continuing high quality. The following report provides the information you need to know about the water you drink. The City ensures the tap water you receive is safe through an extensive water quality monitoring program. Over 1100 tests are run annually. In 2024, no EPA maximum contaminant level was exceeded. CONTACT INFORMATION Contact Information: If you have questions about this report, or about water quality, please call the City’s Water Treatment Plant at (509) 585-4318. We can also be contacted at our website: http://www.go2kennewick.com HARDNESS The hardness of City water ranges from 50 to 200 ppm (5 to 14 grains/ gallon). These hardness levels vary throughout the year. Up to the moment information on hardness levels can be obtained by contacting the City’s Water Treatment Plant at (509) 585-4318. HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS (HABS) Algae growth is a common occurrence that is observed in many waterways. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can occur with algae overgrowth and are known to produce dangerous toxins in fresh or marine waters. HABs are most common when the following exist; abundant sun light, excessive heat/warm water, slow-moving water, and certain nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). HABs were detected in the Columbia River during the summer months of 2022. Immediately following the extremely hot start to the summer of 2022, the Benton Franklin Health District (BFHD) began receiving reports of sick pets as a result of normal water recreation activities in or along the Columbia River areas fronting the Cities of Kennewick, Richland, and Pasco. In coordination with the Washington Department of Health (DOH) and BFHD, the surrounding cities began sampling raw and potable water sources to ensure safe drinking water standards were being met. Although there were no measured levels of concern, low levels of toxins associated with HABs were detected in raw water samples. The City of Kennewick has treatment processes capable of removing these toxins to ensure the potable water system continues to deliver safe and reliable drinking water. Prior to the summer months of 2022, the City of Kennewick worked closely with the DOH, EPA, BFHD, and the other local cities, to develop a strategic monitoring plan to routinely test for HABs and their associated toxins. Moving forward we will continue to monitor, sample and test for HAB during the summer season with direction from DOH. ---PAGE BREAK--- As water flows over land and through subsurface, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and compounds. It can be polluted by human, industrial and other activities that requires treatment to make it safe for drinking. Materials that can be present in water include viruses or bacteria, radioactive substances, metals, nitrates and chemicals from industrial discharges, disinfection processes or from agricultural uses. In 2016 and 2017 was monitored for and detected in the raw unfiltered water sources. is a microbial parasite found in surface water throughout the U.S. The monitoring was to ensure we have adequate removal and inactivation treatment for the amount of detection. was found in 3 of 48 samples from unfiltered raw water sources. Detection of resulted in a need for increased treatment. However, based on the results of our monitoring, we only had to make minimal changes to our previously engineered processes for the continued treatment of Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]). In order to ensure tap water is safe to drink, EPA regulates and sets limits for certain substances in water provided by public water systems. City of Kennewick drinking water sources include the Columbia River, Ranney Collector 4 Well, and Ranney Collector 5 Well. Ranney Collector 5 is under the direct influence of ground water and is treated as surface water. Treatment consists of riverbank filtration, UV disinfection along with chlorination. The Columbia River is treated with flocculation, sedimentation, filtration through membrane filters, and chlorination. The treatment process is to ensure all pathogens have been removed. The Columbia River Water Treatment plant produced 48% of the water used by consumers. Production from the Ranney Collector Wells accounted for the remaining 52%. SOURCE WATER QUALITY/QUANTITY PROGRAMS FOR PROTECTING WATER QUALITY 3 Wellhead Protection Program to protect the City’s groundwater resources. 3 Cross Connection Control Program to protect distribution system water quality. 3 Chemical and Bacterial Monitoring Program to ensure treated water is safe. 3 Reservoir Maintenance and Inspection Program to protect distribution system water quality. 3 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Member – this is a professional group committed to helping municipalities deliver safe and reliable drinking water. 3 Source Water Protection Assessment Program (SWAP) has identified potential contaminants. The Information is available online at: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ CommunityandEnvironment/DrinkingWater/SourceWaterProtection/Assessment.aspx As water flows over land and through subsurface, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and compounds. It can be polluted by human, industrial and other activities that requires treatment to make it safe for drinking. Materials that can be present in water include viruses or bacteria, radioactive substances, metals, nitrates and chemicals from industrial discharges, disinfection processes or from agricultural uses. In 2016 and 2017 was monitored for and detected in the raw unfiltered water sources. is a microbial parasite found in surface water throughout the U.S. The monitoring was to ensure we have adequate removal and inactivation treatment for the amount of detection. was found in 3 of 48 samples from unfiltered raw water sources. Detection of resulted in a need for increased treatment. However, based on the results of our monitoring, we only had to make minimal changes to our previously engineered processes for the continued treatment of Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-[PHONE REDACTED]). In order to ensure tap water is safe to drink, EPA regulates and sets limits for certain substances in water provided by public water systems. City of Kennewick drinking water sources include the Columbia River, Ranney Collector 4 Well, and Ranney Collector 5 Well. Ranney Collector 5 is under the direct influence of ground water and is treated as surface water. Treatment consists of riverbank filtration, UV disinfection along with chlorination. The Columbia River is treated with flocculation, sedimentation, filtration through membrane filters, and chlorination. The treatment process is to ensure all pathogens have been removed. The Columbia River Water Treatment plant produced 36% of the water used by consumers. Production from the Ranney Collector Wells accounted for the remaining 64%. SOURCE WATER QUALITY/QUANTITY PROGRAMS FOR PROTECTING WATER QUALITY 3 Wellhead Protection Program to protect the City’s groundwater resources. 3 Cross Connection Control Program to protect distribution system water quality. 3 Chemical and Bacterial Monitoring Program to ensure treated water is safe. 3 Reservoir Maintenance and Inspection Program to protect distribution system water quality. 3 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Member – this is a professional group committed to helping municipalities deliver safe and reliable drinking water. 3 Source Water Protection Assessment Program (SWAP) has identified potential contaminants. The Information is available online at: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ CommunityandEnvironment/DrinkingWater/SourceWaterProtection/Assessment.aspx ---PAGE BREAK--- Total Annual Production 4.445 billion gallons Annual Water Distribution System Leakage Less than 5.0% of total production Water Use Efficiency Goal Reduce the water demand per capita by 1 percent each year through 2027 resulting in an average demand per capita of 119 GPCD or lower in 2027. 2021 Per Capita Water 132 gallons per day The City will continue to experience continued upward pressure on the annual average per capita water demand. This upward pressure will largely be due to continued development in areas that are not provided with irrigation water by an irrigation district or private well. The City will continue to implement ongoing water use efficiency and conservation efforts to maintain annual average per capita demand below the established goal of 119 gallons per day by 2027. These efforts include public education, technical assistance, water system savings programs, and other water use efficiency measures described in the City Water Conservation Plan. For more information on water use efficiency, please go to: Water Use Efficiency - Office of Drinking Water, Washington State Department of Health at http:// www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/331-375.pdf Total Annual Production 4.383 billion gallons Annual Water Distribution System Leakage Less than 5.0% of total production Water Use Efficiency Goal Reduce the water demand per capita by 1 percent each year through 2027 resulting in an average demand per capita of 119 GPCD or lower in 2027. 2024 Per Capita Water 128 gallons per day WATER USE EFFICIENCY GOALS & OBJECTIVES Washington State law requires that the City establish water use efficiency goals to assure continued efforts toward efficient use of the state’s water resources. On February 7, 2017, City Council held a public meeting and adopted Resolution No. 17-03 that renewed a water use efficiency goal for the City’s water utility. The City is required to provide an annual water use efficiency performance report to all utility customers. The City’s 2024 annual water use efficiency performance report is summarized in the following table: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large family of human-made chemicals. They have been used since the 1950s to make a wide variety of stain-resistant, water-resistant, and non-stick consumer products. A few of the most common everyday items include; cosmetic makeup, fire retardant, food packaging, outdoor clothing, and non-stick pans. PFAS also have many industrial uses because of their special properties. PFAS have been discovered above recommended federal and state levels in the drinking water supplies of millions of Americans, including in Washington State. In humans, it can take many years for PFAS to leave our bodies. As a result, exposure to levels above recommended limits over time may lead to harmful health effects. The Washington Department of Health (DOH) requires the City of Kennewick to take quarterly water quality samples and test for PFAS. The water sample taken on March 4, 2025, at our Ranney Collectors source did have a concentration of PFOS at 16.7 parts- per-trillion (ppt). DOH’s State Action Level (SAL) for PFOS is set at 15 ppt. DOH requires water suppliers to notify their customers of the SAL exceedance. DOH has deemed PFAS as a Tier 2 type of public notice requirement requiring water suppliers to notify within 30-days. In March of 2024, the City was also required to provide public notice when our 1st quarter water quality sample result came back at 17.9 ppt for PFOS. Public notice was provided using the same DOH required methods. Specific to water, the concentration found at the Ranney Collectors are extremely low, in the parts-per-trillion. One par-per-trillion is equivalent to one drop of water in 20 Olympic sized swimming pools. See results and link below for current PFAS sampling information from the Ranney Collector The City first became aware of the PFAS issue in mid-2022 following voluntary water quality sampling utilizing laboratory equipment capable of reaching a parts-per-trillion level, where previous laboratory methods could only detect down to parts-per-billion (ppb). In 2023, the City hired an engineering firm to assist the City with analyzing our water supply options now and in the future. The study concluded in 2024 and indicated that treating the PFAS at Ranney Collectors providing the lowest life-cycle-costs for the City and rate payers. During 2024, City staff applied for and were awarded a $15 million dollar low interest loan from DOH that will be applied toward the estimated $20-30 million dollar PFAS treatment project. In early 2025, the City hired an engineering firm that Ranney Collector’s water supply. The goal is to have the new treatment system for the Ranney Collectors online prior to April 2028. The City also owns and operates a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) that pulls water from the Columbia River where PFAS has not been detected. The WTP operates seasonally and provides a significant portion of the City’s total combined water supply. ---PAGE BREAK--- DEFINITIONS Action Level – The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers a treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow. LRAA – Locational Running Annual Average Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) – The highest level of a contaminant allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the as feasible using the best available treatment technology. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) – The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. allow for a margin of safety. HAA5 – Haloacetic Acids MFL – Million fibers per liter mg/L – Milligrams per liter N/A – Not Applicable ND – None Detected Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) – Unit of measure used to describe water clarity. The smaller the number, the clearer the water. pCi/l – Picocuries per liter is a standard measurement of radioactivity in the environment. ppb – One part per billion ppm – One part per million RC4 – Ranney Collector No. 4: Groundwater source. RC5 – Ranney Collector No. 5: Groundwater/surface water source. State Reporting Level (SRL) – Indicates minimum reporting level required by the Washington Department of Health. TTHM – Total Trihalomethane Treatment Technique – A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Turbidity – A measure of the cloudiness of water monitored to indicate filtration effectiveness. μg/L – Micro grams per liter WFI – Water Facilities Inventory Number (38100Q) WTP – Water Treatment Plant: Columbia River surface water source. Note: Asbestos testing completed in 2018 met all EPA compliance levels, next testing will be in 2028. 2021 Water Quality Testing Results Substance Range of Detected Substance in 2021 Highest Level Detected in 2021 Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL) State Reporting Level (SRL) Ideal Goals (EPA’s Possible Source(s) in Drinking Water Microbiological Total Coliform Bacteria 2 of the 1090 routine samples detected a presence No repeat samples detected a presence Presence in more than 5% of sample set. Any presence 0 Naturally present in the environment Turbidity RC4 0.02 to 0.09 NTU 0.09 NTU 95% of all samples < 0.3 NTU 0.1 NTU N/A Soil runoff RC5 0.02 to 0.09 NTU 0.09 NTU 95% of all samples < 0.1 NTU 0.1 NTU N/A Soil runoff WTP 0.03 to 0.09 NTU 0.09 NTU 95% of all samples < 0.1 NTU 0.1 NTU N/A Soil runoff Radioactive Substances Gross Alpha Emitters 5.33 to 0.831 pCi/l 5.33 pCi/l 15 pCi/l Above 0 pCi/l 0 Erosion of natural deposits Gross Beta Emitters < 4 < 3 50 pCi/l* Above 0 pCi/l 0 Decay of natural and man- made deposits Inorganic Compounds Arsenic .0017 to .0025 mg/L 0.00218 mg/L 0.010 mg/L 0.001 mg/L 0 Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass & electronics production wastes Fluoride 0.273 ppm 0.503 ppm 4 ppm 0.5 ppm 4 ppm Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer & aluminum factories Nitrate/Nitrogen 0.8 to 4.4 ppm 4.3 ppm 10 ppm 0.5 ppm 10 ppm Runoff from fertilizer use Disinfection By-Products TTHM 14.8 to 49.0 ppb 42.6 ppb LRAA 80 ppb LRAA 0.5 ppb N/A By-products of drinking water chlorination HAA5 ND to 27.3 ppb 17.7 ppb LRAA 60 ppb LRAA 1.0 ppb N/A Disinfection Free Chlorine .2 to 1.6 ppm 1.82 ppm 4.0 ppm N/A N/A Water additive to control microbes Lead & Copper Substance Range of Detected Substance in 2019 90th Percentile Reported EPA Action Level State Reporting Level (SRL) Sites Exceeding Action Level Possible Source(s) Lead ND to 0.00451 ppm 0.0014 ppm 0.015 ppm 0.001 ppm 0 of 30 test sites Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits Copper 0.0016 to 1.18 ppm 0.793 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.2 ppm 0 of 30 test sites Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leeching from wood preservatives Distribution System Asbestos ND to < 0.12 MFL < 0.12 MFL 7 MFL 0.2 MFL ND Asbestos is a mineral fiber found in rocks and soil. It was once widely used in building materials & products to strengthen them & provide heat insulation & fire resistance. DEFINITIONS Action Level – The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers a treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow. LRAA – Locational Running Annual Average Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) – The highest level of a contaminant allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the as feasible using the best available treatment technology. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) – The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. allow for a margin of safety. HAA5 – Haloacetic Acids MFL – Million fibers per liter mg/L – Milligrams per liter N/A – Not Applicable ND – None Detected Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) – Unit of measure used to describe water clarity. The smaller the number, the clearer the water. pCi/l – Picocuries per liter is a standard measurement of radioactivity in the environment. ppb – One part per billion ppm – One part per million RC4 – Ranney Collector No. 4: Groundwater source. RC5 – Ranney Collector No. 5: Groundwater/surface water source. State Reporting Level (SRL) – Indicates minimum reporting level required by the Washington Department of Health. TTHM – Total Trihalomethane Treatment Technique – A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Turbidity – A measure of the cloudiness of water monitored to indicate filtration effectiveness. μg/L – Micro grams per liter WFI – Water Facilities Inventory Number (38100Q) WTP – Water Treatment Plant: Columbia River surface water source. Note: Asbestos testing completed in 2018 met all EPA compliance levels, next testing will be in 2028. Lead and copper sampling completed in 2022, next samples to be taken 2025. 2024 Water Quality Testing Results Substance Range of Detected Substance in 2024 Highest Level Detected in 2024 Highest Level Allowed (EPA’s MCL) State Reporting Level (SRL) Ideal Goals (EPA’s Possible Source(s) in Drinking Water Microbiological Total Coliform Bacteria 1 of the 1080 routine samples detected a presence No repeat samples detected a presence Presence in more than 5% of sample set. Any presence 0 Naturally present in the environment Turbidity RC4 0.02 to 0.09 NTU 0.09 NTU 95% of all samples < 0.3 NTU 0.1 NTU N/A Soil runoff RC5 0.02 to 0.08 NTU 0.08 NTU 95% of all samples < 0.1 NTU 0.1 NTU N/A Soil runoff WTP 0.02 to 0.06 NTU 0.06 NTU 95% of all samples < 0.1 NTU 0.1 NTU N/A Soil runoff Radioactive Substances Gross Alpha Emitters <3 to 4.55 pCi/l 4.55 pCi/l 15 pCi/l Above 0 pCi/l 0 Erosion of natural deposits Gross Beta Emitters .184 to .638 pCi/l .638 pCi/l 50 pCi/l* Above 0 pCi/l 0 Decay of natural and man- made deposits Inorganic Compounds Arsenic .0010 to .0030 mg/L 0.0030 mg/L 0.010 mg/L 0.001 mg/L 0 Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards; runoff from glass & electronics production wastes Fluoride 0.0010 to 0.55 ppm 0.545 ppm 4 ppm 0.5 ppm 4 ppm Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer & aluminum factories Nitrate/Nitrogen 0.15 to 4.4 ppm 4.4 ppm 10 ppm 0.5 ppm 10 ppm Runoff from fertilizer use Disinfection By-Products TTHM ND to 87.7 ppb 55.7 ppb LRAA 80 ppb LRAA 0.5 ppb N/A By-products of drinking water chlorination HAA5 ND to 26.8 ppb 16.5 ppb LRAA 60 ppb LRAA 1.0 ppb N/A Disinfection Free Chlorine 0.2 to 2.0 ppm 1.5 ppm 4.0 ppm N/A N/A Water additive to control microbes Lead & Copper Substance Range of Detected Substance in 2022 90th Percentile Reported EPA Action Level State Reporting Level (SRL) Sites Exceeding Action Level Possible Source(s) Lead ND to 0.00438 ppm 0.00185 ppm 0.015 ppm 0.001 ppm 0 of 30 test sites Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits Copper 0.0016 to 0.711 ppm 0.652 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.2 ppm 0 of 30 test sites Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leeching from wood preservatives Distribution System Asbestos ND to < 0.12 MFL < 0.12 MFL 7 MFL 0.2 MFL ND Asbestos is a mineral fiber found in rocks and soil. It was once widely used in building materials & products to strengthen them & provide heat insulation & fire resistance.