Document Kennewick_doc_bf58267b2b

UMBIA CENTER CLEARWATER KELLOGG EDISON COLUMBIA CENTER CANAL DR KELLOGG EDISON SR 240 SR 240 10TH 4TH UNION MORAIN 4TH KENNEWICK CLEARWATER 10TH US 395 OLYMPIA CANAL DR 10TH 10TH 4TH GARFIELD DAYTON 6TH 1ST COLUMBIA DR GUM SR 397 CHEMICAL DRIVE VOLLAND HOOD CANAL DR SYLVESTER COURT LEWIS 10TH TO PASCO / SPOKANE US 395 Urban Conservancy Clover Island High Intensity Predesignated Urban Conservancy Floodplain Wetlands City Limits Urban Growth Boundary Shore Protected (armored) 50' Buffer with Stormwater Treatment Shore Unprotected (Unarmored) 75' Buffer City of Kennewick Shoreline Management Program 2021 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Miles Map Segment Map Segment Map Segment Map Segment Map Segment 1. The two hundred feet of the shoreline boundary will be reviewed on a case by case basis for individual developments and permits. 2. Shoreline jurisdiction that are included due to wetland designation according to WAC 173-22-040 would be limited to the edge of the Ordinary High Water Mark; no extension of 200 feet will be required from the edge of that OHWM. Buffer requirements for Critical Areas will still apply. NOTES: Appendix A-1 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-2 City of Kennewick Shoreline Critical Areas Regulations Chapter 1 - CRITICAL AREAS – GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter 2 – CRITICAL AREAS – WETLANDS Chapter 3 – CRITICAL AREAS – CRITICAL AQUIFER RECHARGE AREAS Chapter 4 – CRITICAL AREAS – FREQUENTLY FLOODED AREAS Chapter 5 – CRITICAL AREAS – GEOLOGICALLY HAZARDOUS AREAS Chapter 6 – CRITICAL AREAS – FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT CONSERVATION AREAS ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A-2 CHAPTER 1 CRITICAL AREAS—GENERAL PROVISIONS 1.010: Definitions. Words not defined in this Title shall be as defined in the Kennewick Municipal Code, the Washington Administrative Code, or the Revised Code of Washington. Words not found in these codes shall be as defined in the Webster's Third New International Dictionary, latest edition. The definitions are as follows: Adaptive Management. Adaptive management relies on scientific methods to evaluate how well regulatory and non-regulatory actions protect the critical area. An adaptive management program is a formal and deliberate scientific approach to taking action and obtaining information in the face of uncertainty. Adjacent means immediately adjoining (in contact with the boundary of the influence area) or within a distance that is less than that needed to separate activities from critical areas to ensure protection of the functions and values of the critical areas. Adjacent shall mean any activity or development located: On a site immediately adjoining a critical area; A distance equal to or less than the required critical area buffer width and building setback; A distance equal to or less than one-half mile (2,640 feet) (distance of 2,640 feet is based on Department of Fish and Wildlife "Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority Species, Volume IV: Birds") from a bald eagle nest; A distance equal to or less than 200 feet upland from a stream, wetland, or water body; Bordering or within the floodway, floodplain or channel migration zone; or A distance equal to or less than 200 feet (distance of 200 feet was established based upon a review of Department of Fish and Wildlife "Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority Habitats: Riparian, " 1997; and Department of Ecology "Wetland Buffers: Use and Effectiveness," 1992; and City of Kennewick specific conditions) from a critical aquifer recharge area. Advance Mitigation. Mitigation of an anticipated critical area impact or hazard completed according to an approved report or other applicable information and prior to site development. Alteration. Any human induced change in an existing condition of a critical area or its buffer. Alterations include, but are not limited to grading, filling, channelizing, dredging, clearing (vegetation), construction, compaction, excavation or any other activity that changes the character of the critical area. Applicant is a person who files an application for permit under this Title and who is either the owner of the land on which that proposed activity would be located, a contract purchaser, or the authorized agent of such a person. Aquifer is a geological formation, group of formations or part of formation that is capable of yielding a significant amount of water to a well or spring. Aquifer, Confined is an aquifer bounded above and below by beds of lower permeability than that of the aquifer itself and that contains ground water under sufficient pressure for the water to rise above the top of the aquifer. ---PAGE BREAK--- Aquifer Recharge Areas are areas that, due to the presence of certain soils, geology, and surface water, act to recharge ground water by percolation. Aquifer Susceptibility means the ease with which contaminants can move from the land surface to the aquifer based solely on the types of surface and subsurface materials in the area. Susceptibility usually defines the rate at which a contaminant will reach an aquifer unimpeded by chemical interactions with the vadose zone media. (10) Aquifer, Unconfined means an aquifer not bounded above by a bed of lower permeability than that of the aquifer itself and containing ground water under pressure approximately equal to that of the atmosphere. This term is synonymous with the term "water table aquifer." (11) Base Flood means a flood event having a one-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year, also referred to as the 100-year flood. Designations of base flood areas on flood insurance map(s) always include the letters A or V. (12) Best Available Science means a current scientific information used in the process to designate, protect, or restore critical areas that is derived from a valid scientific process as defined by WAC 365-195-900 through 925. Sources of best available science are included in "Citations of Recommended Sources of Best Available Science for Designating and Protecting Critical Areas" published by the state Office of Community Development. (13) Best Management Practices (BMPs) means conservation practices or systems of practices and management measures that: Control soil loss and reduce water quality degradation caused by high concentrations of nutrients, animal waste, toxics, and sediment; Minimize adverse impacts to surface water and ground water flow, circulation patterns, and to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of wetlands; Protect trees and vegetation designated to be retained during and following site construction; and Provide standards for proper use of chemical herbicides within critical areas. The City of Kennewick shall monitor the application of best management practices to ensure that the standards and policies of this Title are adhered to. (14) Buffer or Buffer Zone is an area contiguous to and protects a critical habitat that is required for the continued maintenance, functioning, and/or structural stability of a critical area. (15) Compensation Project are actions necessary to replace project-induced critical area and buffer losses, including land acquisition, planning, construction plans, monitoring and contingency actions. (16) Compensatory Mitigation means replacing project-induced critical wetland habitat losses or impacts, and includes, but is not limited to, the following: Restoration: Actions performed to reestablish wetland functional characteristics and processes that have been lost by alterations, activities, or catastrophic events within an area that no longer meets the definition of a wetland. Creation: Actions performed to intentionally establish a wetland at a site where it did not formerly exist. Enhancement: Actions performed to improve the condition of existing degraded wetlands so that the functions they provide are of a higher quality. Preservation: Actions taken to ensure the permanent protection of existing, high-quality wetlands. ---PAGE BREAK--- (17) Conservation Easement is a legal agreement that the property owner enters into to restrict uses of the land. Such restrictions can include, but are not limited to, passive recreation uses such as trails or scientific uses and fences or other barriers to protect habitat. The easement is recorded on a property deed, runs with the land, and is legally binding on all present and future owners of the property, therefore, providing permanent or long-term protection. (18) Critical Aquifer Recharge Area is an area designated by WAC 365-190-080(2) that are determined to have a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water as defined by WAC 365-190-030(2). (19) Critical Areas include any of the following areas or ecosystems: Aquifer recharge areas, fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, frequently flooded areas, geologically hazardous areas, and wetlands, as defined in RCW 36.70A and this Title. (20) Critical Facility is a facility for which even a slight chance of flooding, inundation, or impact from a hazard event might be too great. Critical facilities include, but are not limited to, schools, nursing homes, hospitals, police, fire and emergency response installations, and installations that produce, use or store hazardous materials or hazardous waste. (21) Developable Area is a site or portion of a site that may be utilized as the location of development, in accordance with the rules of this Title. (22) Development means any activity upon the land consisting of construction or alteration of structures, earth movement, dredging, dumping, grading, filling, mining, removal of any sand, gravel, or minerals, driving of piles, drilling operations, bulk heading, clearing of vegetation, or other land disturbance. Development includes the storage or use of equipment or materials inconsistent with the existing use. Development also includes approvals issued by the City of Kennewick that binds land to specific patterns of use, including, but not limited to, subdivisions, short subdivisions, zone changes, conditional use permits, and binding site plans. Development activity does not include the following activities: Interior building improvements. Exterior structure maintenance activities, including painting and roofing. Routine landscape maintenance of established, ornamental landscaping, such as lawn mowing, pruning and weeding. Maintenance of the following existing facilities that does not expand the affected area: septic tanks (routine cleaning); wells; individual utility service connections; and individual cemetery plots in established and approved cemeteries. (23) Development Permit means any permit issued by the City of Kennewick, or other authorized agency, for construction, land use, or the alteration of land. (24) Eco-Connectivity is a physical feature of the land as well as functional one. It is the geo-physical connection between natural habitat areas that allow fish and animals to move between feeding, reproductive, rearing, and resting areas. The functional connection is dependent on the physical connection. (25) Erosion is the process whereby wind, rain, water, and other natural agents mobilize and transport particles. (26) Erosion Hazard Areas are at least those areas identified by the United States Department of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service as have a "severe" rill and inter-rill erosion hazard. (27) Exotic means any species of plants or animals, which are (not listed on the State plant list) foreign to the planning area. (28) Extreme Slope Hazard Areas are those areas with pre-development slope greater than 40 percent. ---PAGE BREAK--- (29) Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas are areas necessary for maintaining species in suitable habitats within their natural geographic distribution so that isolated subpopulations are not created as designated by WAC 365-190-080(5). These areas are guided by the State's Priority Habitats and Species list and include the following: Areas with which state or federally designated endangered, threatened, and sensitive species have a primary association; Habitats of local importance, including, but not limited to, areas designated as priority habitat by the Department of Fish and Wildlife; Naturally occurring ponds under 20 acres and their submerged aquatic beds that provide fish or wildlife habitat, including those artificial ponds intentionally created from dry areas in order to mitigate impacts to ponds; Waters of the state, including lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, inland waters, underground waters, salt waters and all other surface waters and watercourses within the jurisdiction of the state of Washington; Lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers planted with game fish by a governmental or tribal entity; State natural area preserves and natural resource conservation areas; and Land essential for preserving connections between habitat blocks and open spaces. (30) Habitat is an area or environment that is used by fish at any life stage at any time of the year, including potential habitat likely to be used by fish that could be recovered by restoration or management and includes off-channel habitat. (See WAC 222-16-030(5)(h)). (31) Flood or Flooding is a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland waters and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation of runoff of surface waters from any source. (32) Flood Insurance Map is the official map on which the Federal Insurance Administration has delineated the areas of special flood hazards and include the risk premium zones applicable to the community. Also known as "flood insurance rate map" or "FIRM." (33) Flood Insurance Study is the official report provided by the Federal Insurance Administration that includes floodprofiles, the Flood Boundary-Floodway Map, and the water surface elevation of the base flood. (34) Floodplain is the total land area adjoining a river, stream, watercourse or lake subject to inundation by the base flood. (35) Floodway is the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land area that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the surface water elevation more than one foot. Also known as the "zero rise floodway." (36) Formation means an assemblage of earth materials grouped together into a unit that is convenient for description or mapping. (37) Formation, Confining means the relatively impermeable formation immediately overlying a confined aquifer. (38) Frequently Flooded Areas means lands in the floodplain subject to a one-percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year and those lands that provide important flood storage, conveyance and attenuation functions, as determined by the Planning Director in accordance with WAC 365-190- 080(3). Frequently flooded areas perform important hydrologic functions and may present a risk to persons and property. Classifications of frequently flooded areas include, at a minimum, the 100-year floodplain designations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the National Flood Insurance Program. ---PAGE BREAK--- (39) Functions and Values means the beneficial roles served by critical areas including, but not limited to, water quality protection and enhancement, fish and wildlife habitat, food chain support, flood storage, conveyance and attenuation, ground water recharge and discharge, erosion control, wave attenuation, protection from hazards, historical and archaeological and aesthetic value protection, and recreation. These beneficial roles are not listed in order of priority. (40) Geologically Hazardous Areas means areas that may not be suited to development consistent with public health, safety or environmental standards, because of their susceptibility to erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geological events as designated by WAC 365-190-080(4). Types of geologically hazardous areas include: erosion, landslide, seismic, mine, and volcanic hazards. (41) Ground Water means water in a saturated zone or stratum beneath the surface of land or a surface water body. (42) Growth Management Act means RCW 36.70A, and 36.70B, as amended. (43) Habitat Conservation Areas means areas designated as fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas. (44) Hazard Areas means areas designated as frequently flooded areas or geologically hazardous areas due to potential for erosion, landslide, seismic activity, extreme slopes, or other geological condition. (45) Hazardous Substances means any liquid, solid, gas, or sludge, including any material, substance, product, commodity, or waste, regardless of quantity, that exhibits any of the physical, chemical or biological properties described in WAC 173-303-090 or 173-303-100. (46) High Intensity Land Use means land uses which are associated with high levels of human disturbance or substantial habitat impacts including, but not limited to, commercial uses, industrial uses, and residential uses with five or more units per acre. (47) High Quality Wetlands means those wetlands that meet the following criteria: No, or isolated, human alteration of the wetland topography; No human-caused alteration of the hydrology or the wetland appears to have recovered from the alteration; Low cover and frequency of exotic plant species; Relatively little human-related disturbance of the native vegetation, or recovery from past disturbance; If the wetland system is degraded, it still contains a viable and high quality example of a native wetland community; and No known major water quality problems. (48) Historic Condition means condition of the land, is including flora, fauna, soil, topography, and hydrology that existed before the area and vicinity were developed or altered by human activity. (49) Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) means a permit issued by the state Department of Fish and Wildlife for projects that affect the bed or flow of waters of the state in accordance with Chapter 77.55 RCW and WAC 220.110. (50) Hydric Soil means a soil that is saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. The presence of hydric soil shall be determined following the methods described in the Washington State Wetland Identification and Delineation Manual. (51) Hydrologic Soil Groups means soils grouped according to their runoff-producing characteristics under similar storm and cover conditions. Properties that influence runoff potential are depth to seasonally high water table, intake rate and permeability after prolonged wetting, and depth to a low permeable ---PAGE BREAK--- layer. Hydrologic soil groups are normally used in equations that estimate runoff from rainfall, but can be used to estimate a rate of water transmission in soil. There are four hydrologic soil groups: Low runoff potential and a high rate of infiltration potential; Moderate infiltration potential and a moderate rate of runoff potential; Slow infiltration potential and a moderate to high rate of runoff potential; and High runoff potential and very slow infiltration and water transmission rates. (52) Hydrophytic Vegetation means Macrophytic plant life growing in water or on a substrate that is at least periodically deficient in oxygen as a result of excessive water content. The presence of hydrophytic vegetation shall be determined following the methods described in the Washington State Wetland Identification and Delineation Manual. (53) Hyporheic Zone means the saturated zone located beneath and adjacent to streams that contains some portion of surface waters, serves as a filter for nutrients, and maintains water quality. (54) Impervious Surface means a hard surface area that either prevents or retards the entry of water into the soil mantle as under natural conditions prior to development or that causes water to run off the surface in greater quantities or at an increased rate of flow from the flow present under natural conditions prior to development. Common impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to, roof tops, walkways, patios, driveways, parking lots or storage areas, concrete or asphalt paving, gravel roads, packed earthen materials, and oiled macadam or other surfaces which similarly impede the natural infiltration of stormwater. (55) In-Kind Compensation means replacement of the same species, habitat type, and function impacted. If the impacted habitat is disturbed, it means replacement with the natural habitat that would occur. It does not mean replacement "in-category." (56) Isolated Wetlands means those wetlands that are outside of and not contiguous to any 100-year floodplain of a lake, river, or stream, and have no contiguous hydric soil or hydrophytic vegetation between the wetland and any surface water. (57) Infiltration means the downward entry of water into the immediate surface of soil. (58) Injection well(s) means: Class I - A well used to inject industrial, commercial, or municipal waste fluids beneath the lowermost formation containing, within one-quarter mile of the well bore, an underground source of drinking water. Class II - A well used to inject fluids: Brought to the surface in connection with conventional oil or natural gas exploration or production and may be commingled with wastewaters from gas plants that are an integral part of production operations, unless those waters are classified as dangerous wastes at the time of injection; (ii) For enhanced recovery of oil or natural gas; or (iii) For storage of hydrocarbons that are liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Class III - A well used for extraction of minerals, including, but not limited to, the injection of fluids for: In-situ production of uranium or other metals that have not been conventionally mined; (ii) Mining of sulfur by Frasch process; or (iii) Solution mining of salts or potash. ---PAGE BREAK--- Class IV - A well used to inject dangerous or radioactive waste fluids. Class V - All injection wells not included in Classes I, II, III, or IV. (59) Inter-rills are areas subject to sheetwash. (60) Joint Aquatic Resource Permits Application (JARPA) means a single application form that may be used to apply for hydraulic project approvals, shoreline management permits, approvals of exceedance of water quality standards, water quality certifications, coast guard bridge permits, Department of Natural Resources use authorization, and Army Corps of Engineers permits. (61) Lakeshore Management Plan means McNary Lakeshore Management Plan, Lake Wallula, Oregon and Washington. 1983. A U. S. Corps of Engineers lakeshore management plan intended to manage and protect the shoreline and to promote recreation and to operate and maintain water resource projects in the public interest. The Plan is a regulatory tool used to administer such activities as dock construction permits and vegetation removal. (62) Land Use, High Intensity. See "High Intensity Land Use." (63) Land Use, Low Intensity. See "Low Intensity Land Use." (64) Land Use, Moderate Intensity. See "Moderate intensity land use." (65) Landslide Hazard Areas are areas that are potentially subject to risk of mass movement due to a combination of geologic landslide resulting from a combination of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors. These areas are typically susceptible to landslides because of a combination of factors including: bedrock, soil, slope gradient, slope aspect, geologic structure, ground water, or other factors. (66) Long-Term Commercial Significance includes the growing capacity, productivity, and soil composition of the land for long-term commercial production, in consideration with the land's proximity to population areas, and the possibility of more intense uses of the land. RCW 36.70A.030(10); WAC 365-190- 030(11). (67) Low Intensity Land Use means land uses which are associated with low levels of human disturbance or low habitat impacts, including, but not limited to, passive recreation uses, open space uses, and residential uses with four or fewer units per acre. (68) Minerals mean materials including gravel, sand, and valuable metallic substances. RCW 36.70A.030(11); WAC 365-190-030(12). (69) Mitigation means avoiding, minimizing or compensating for adverse critical areas impacts. Mitigation, in the following order of preference, is: Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action; Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation, by using appropriate technology, or by taking affirmative steps, such as project redesign, relocation, or timing, to avoid or reduce impacts; Rectifying the impact to wetlands, critical aquifer recharge areas, and habitat conservation areas by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected environment to the conditions existing at the time of the initiation of the project; Minimizing or eliminating the hazard by restoring or stabilizing the hazard area through engineered or other methods; Reducing or eliminating the impact or hazard over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action; Compensating for the impact to wetlands, critical aquifer recharge areas, and habitat or critical areas by replacing, enhancing, or providing substitute resources or environments; and ---PAGE BREAK--- Monitoring the hazard or other required mitigation and taking remedial action when necessary. Mitigation for individual actions may include a combination of the above measures. (70) Moderate Intensity Land Use means land uses which are associated with moderate levels of human disturbance or substantial habitat impacts including, but not limited to, low density residential (no more than one home per five acres), active recreation, and moderate agricultural land uses. (71) Monitoring means evaluating the impacts of development proposals on the biological, hydrological, and geological elements of such systems and assessing the performance of required mitigation measures throughout the collection and analysis of data by various methods for the purpose of understanding and documenting changes in natural ecosystems and features, and includes gathering baseline data. (72) Native Vegetation means plant species that are indigenous to the area in question. Plants that are not listed in Chapter 16-750 WAC. (73) Native Growth Habitat Area means an area where native vegetation is preserved for the purpose of preventing harm to property and the environment, including, but not limited to, controlling surface water runoff and erosion, maintaining slope stability, buffering and protecting plants and animal habitat; (74) Natural Waters means waters, excluding water conveyance systems, that are artificially constructed and actively maintained for irrigation, or any waters of the state. See WAC 222-16-030(5)(d) and WAC 222-16-031(6)(d). (75) Nonconformity means a legally established existing use or legally constructed structure that is not in compliance with current regulations. (76) Nonindigenous. See "Exotic." (77) Off-Site Mitigation means to replace critical areas away from the site on which a critical area has been impacted. For off-site mitigation to be acceptable, it must be demonstrated that greater habitat, water quality and hydrologic functions can be achieved off-site. (78) On-Site Mitigation means on or adjacent to the project impact site or in the same stream reach, based on resource needs. It is not to be limited to property ownership or city or county boundaries that do not limit the needs and uses of the resources. (79) Ordinary High Watermark (OHM) means a mark which is found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, that the soil or vegetation has a character distinct from that of the abutting upland. (80) Out-of-Kind Replacement means to replace critical areas with substitute critical areas whose functions and values do not closely approximate those destroyed or degraded. It does not refer to replacement "out-of-category." (81) Permeability means the capacity of an aquifer or confining bed to transmit water. It is a property of the aquifer or confining bed and is independent of the force causing movement. (82) Planning Director is the city official for of the City of Kennewick planning department or other responsible official or other city staff granted the authority to act on behalf of the director. (83) Potable Water means water that is safe and palatable for human use. (84) Practical Alternative means an alternative that is available and capable of being carried out after taking into consideration, cost, existing technology, and logistics in light of overall project purposes, and having fewer impacts to critical areas. ---PAGE BREAK--- (85) Priority Habitat means habitat type or elements with unique or significant value to one or more species as classified by the Department of Fish and Wildlife. A priority habitat may consist of a unique vegetation type or dominant plant species, a described successional stage, or a specific structural element (WAC 173-26-020(34)). (86) Project Area means all areas within 50 feet of the area proposed to be disturbed, altered, or used by the proposed activity or the construction of any proposed structures. (87) Qualified Professional means a person with experience and training in the pertinent scientific discipline, and who is a qualified scientific expert with expertise appropriate for the relevant critical area subject in accordance with WAC 365-195-905(4). A qualified professional must have obtained a B.S. or B.A. or equivalent degree in biology, engineering, environmental studies, fisheries, geomorphology or related field, and two years of related work experience. A qualified professional for habitats or wetlands must have a degree in biology and professional experience related to the subject species. A qualified professional for a geological hazard must be a professional geologist (preferred) or engineer, licensed in the state of Washington. A qualified professional for critical aquifer recharge areas means a hydrogeologist, geologist, engineer, or other scientist with experience in preparing hydrogeologic assessments. (88) Recharge is the process involved in the absorption and addition of water to ground water. (89) Reclaimed Water means municipal wastewater effluent that has been adequately and reliability treated so that it is suitable for beneficial use. Following treatment it is no longer considered wastewater (treatment levels and water quality requirements are given in the water reclamation and reuse standards adopted by the state Departments of Ecology and Health). (90) Regulatory Flood means a level of flooding that a regulatory agency's design regulations apply to. (91) Repair or Maintenance is an activity that restores the character, scope, size, and design of a serviceable area, structure, or land use to its previously authorized and undamaged condition. Activities that change the character, size, or scope of a project beyond the original design and drain, dredge, fill, flood, or otherwise alter critical areas are not included in this definition. (92) Restoration means measures taken to restore an altered or damaged natural feature including: Active steps taken to restore damaged wetlands, streams, protected habitat, or their buffers to the functioning condition that existed prior to an unauthorized alteration; and Actions performed to reestablish structural and functional characteristics of the critical area that have been lost by alteration, past management activities, or catastrophic events. (93) Rills are steep-sided channels resulting from accelerated erosion. A rill is generally a few inches deep and not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm machinery. Rill erosion tends to occur on slopes, particularly steep slopes with poor vegetative cover. (94) Riparian Habitat is any area adjacent to surface water which possesses elements of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that mutually influence each other. The width of these areas extends from the OHW to that portion of the terrestrial landscape that directly influences the aquatic ecosystem by providing shade, fine or large woody material, nutrients, organic and inorganic debris, terrestrial insects, or habitat for riparian-associated wildlife. It includes the entire extent of the floodplain and the extent of vegetation adapted to wet conditions as well as adjacent upland plant communities that directly influence aquatic ecosystem. Riparian habitat areas include those riparian areas severely altered or damaged due to human development activities. See Department of Fish and Wildlife "Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority Habitats - Riparian," page 4, 1997. ---PAGE BREAK--- (95) Scientific Process is a valid scientific process that produces reliable information useful in understanding the consequences of a decision. The characteristics of a valid scientific process are as follows: Peer review. The information has been critically reviewed by other qualified scientific experts in that scientific discipline. Methods. The methods that were used are standardized in the pertinent scientific discipline or the methods have been appropriately peer-reviewed to assure their reliability and validity. Logical conclusions and reasonable inferences. The conclusions presented are based on reasonable assumptions supported by other studies and are logically and reasonably derived from the assumptions and supported by the data presented. Quantitative analysis. The data have been analyzed using appropriate statistical or quantitative methods. Context. The assumptions, analytical techniques, data, and conclusions are appropriately framed with respect to the prevailing body of pertinent scientific knowledge. References. The assumptions, techniques, and conclusions are well referenced with citations to pertinent existing information. (96) Section 404 Permit is a permit issued by the Corps of Engineers for the placement of dredge or fill material or clearing in waters of the U.S., including wetlands, in accordance with 33 USC § 1344. (97) Seeps is a spot where water oozes from the earth, often forming the source of a small stream. (98) Seismic Hazard Areas are areas that are subject to severe risk of damage as a result of earthquake- induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, or soil liquefaction. (99) Serviceable means presently usable. (100) SEPA is the Washington State Environmental Policy Act, Chapter 43.21C RCW. (101) Shorelines means all of the water areas of the state as defined in RCW 90.58.030, including reservoirs and their associated shorelands, together with the lands underlying them except: Shorelines of statewide significance; Shorelines on segments of streams upstream of a point where the mean annual flow is 20 cubic feet per second (20 cfps) or less and the wetlands associated with such upstream segments; and Shorelines on lakes less than 20 acres in size and wetlands associated with such small lakes. (102) Shorelines of the State is the total of all "shorelines," as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(d), and "shorelines of statewide significance" within the state, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(c). (103) Shorelines of Statewide Significance are those areas defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(e). (104) Shorelands or Shoreland Areas are those lands extending landward for 20 feet in all directions as measured on a horizontal plane from the ordinary high water mark; floodways and contiguous floodplain areas landward 200 feet from such floodways; and all wetlands and river deltas associated with the streams, lakes and tidal waters which are subject to the provisions of Chapter 90.58 RCW. (105) Shrub-Steppe are vegetative communities consisting of one or more layers of perennial grass with a conspicuous but discontinuous over-story layer of shrubs have been termed "shrubsteppe." In Washington, these communities usually contain big safebrush (Artemisia tridentate) in association with although other associations are found (Dobler et al, 1996). (106) Significant Portion of its Range means that portion of a species range likely to be essential to the long- term survival of the population in Washington. ---PAGE BREAK--- (107) Soil Survey means the most recent soil survey for the local area or county by the National Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (108) Species means any group of animals classified as a species or subspecies as commonly accepted by the scientific community. (109) Species, Endangered means any fish or wildlife species that is threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range and is listed by the state or federal government as an endangered species. (110) Species of Local Importance means those species of local concern due to their population status or their sensitivity to habitat manipulation, or that are game species. (111) Species, Priority means any fish or wildlife species requiring protective measures and/or management guidelines to ensure their persistence as genetically viable population levels as classified by the Department of Fish and Wildlife, including endangered, threatened, sensitive, candidate and monitor species, and those of recreational, commercial, or tribal importance. (112) Species, Threatened means any fish or wildlife species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout a significant portion of its range without cooperative management or removal of threats, and is listed by the state or federal government as a threatened species. (113) Stream means water contained within a channel, either perennial or intermittent, and classified according to WAC 222-16-030 or WAC 222-16-031 and as listed under "water typing system." Streams also include natural watercourses modified by man. Streams do not include irrigation ditches, waste ways, drains, outfalls, operational spillways, channels, storm water runoff facilities or other wholly artificial watercourses, except those that directly result from the modification to a natural watercourse. (114) Sub-Drainage Basin or Subbasin means the drainage area of the highest order stream containing the subject property impact area. Stream order is the term used to define the position of a stream in the hierarchy of tributaries in the watershed. The smallest streams are the highest order (first order) tributaries. These are the upper watershed streams and have no tributaries of their own. When two first order streams meet, they form a second order stream, and when two second order streams meet they become a third order stream, and so on. (115) Substantial Damage means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its before damaged condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred. (116) Substantial Improvement means any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the structure either: before the improvement or repair is started; or if the structure has been damaged and is being restored, before the damage occurred. (117) Take means to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct. (118) Unavoidable means adverse impacts that remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization have been achieved. See RCW 90.84.010(9). (119) Vulnerability means the combined effect of susceptibility to contamination and the presence of potential contaminants. (120) Water Dependent means a use or portion of a use that cannot exist in a location that is not adjacent to the water, but is dependent on the water by reason of the intrinsic nature of its operations. A use that can be carried out only on, in, or adjacent to water. Examples of water dependent uses include ship cargo terminal loading areas; fishing; ferry and passenger terminals; barge loading, ship building, and ---PAGE BREAK--- dry docking facilities; marinas, moorage, and boat launching facilities; aquaculture; float plane operations; surface water intake; and sanitary sewer and storm drain outfalls. (121) Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) means one of 62 watersheds in the state of Washington, each composed of the drainage areas of a stream or streams, as established in Chapter 173-500 WAC as it existed on January 1, 1997. (122) Water Table means that surface in an unconfined aquifer at which the pressure is atmospheric. It is defined by the levels at which water stands in wells that penetrate the aquifer just far enough to hold standing water. (123) Water Table Aquifer. See "Aquifer, unconfined." (124) Water Typing System are waters classified according to WAC 222-16-031 including the following: Type 1 Water - All waters, within their ordinary high-water mark, as inventoried as "shorelines of the state" under Chapter 90.58 RCW and the rules promulgated pursuant to Chapter 90.58 RCW, but not including those waters associated with wetlands as defined in Chapter 90.58 RCW. Type 2 Water - Segments of natural waters that are not classified as Type 1 Water and have a high fish, wildlife, or human use. These are segments of natural waters and periodically inundated areas of their associated wetlands, which: Are used by fish for spawning, rearing or migration. Waters having the following characteristics are presumed to have highly significant fish populations: Stream segments having a defined channel 20 feet or greater within the bankfull width and having a gradient of less than four percent. Lakes, ponds, or impoundments having a surface area of one acre or greater at seasonal low water; or (ii) Are used by fish for off-channel habitat. These areas are critical to the maintenance of optimum survival of fish. This habitat shall be identified based on the following criteria: The site must be connected to a fish bearing stream and be accessible during some period of the year; and The off-channel water must be accessible to fish through a drainage with less than a five percent gradient. Type 3 Water - Segments of natural waters that are not classified as Type 1 or 2 Waters and have a moderate to slight fish, wildlife, and human use. These are segments of natural waters and periodically inundated areas of their associated wetlands which: Are used by fish for spawning, rearing or migration. The requirements for determining fish use are described in the State Forest Practices Board Manual, Section 13. If fish use has not been determined: Waters having the following characteristics are presumed to have fish use: Stream segments having a defined channel of three feet or greater in width and having a gradient of 16 percent or less. (II) Stream segments having a defined channel or three feet or greater within the bankfull width, and having a gradient greater than 16 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent, and having greater than 175 acres contributing basin size, based on hydrographic boundaries; (III) Ponds or impoundments having a surface area of less than one acre at seasonal low water and having an outlet to a fish stream; ---PAGE BREAK--- (IV) Ponds of impoundments having a surface area greater than one-half acre at seasonal low water. The Department of Natural Resources shall waive or modify the characteristics in of this Subsection where: Waters have confirmed, long term, naturally occurring water quality parameters incapable of supporting fish; (II) Snowmelt streams have short flow cycles that do not support successful life history phases of fish. These streams typically have no flow in the winter months and discontinue flow by June 1; or (III) Sufficient information about a geomorphic region is available to support a departure from the characteristics in of this Subsection, as determined in consultation with the Department of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Ecology, affected tribes and interested parties. Type 4 Water - All segments of natural waters within the bankfull width of defined channels that are perennial nonfish habitat streams. Perennial streams are waters that do not go dry any time of a year of normal rainfall. However, for the purpose of water typing, Type 4 Waters include the intermittent dry portions of the perennial channel below the uppermost point of perennial flow. If the uppermost point of perennial flow cannot be identified with simple, nontechnical observations (see State Forest Practices Board Manual, Section 23), then Type 4 Waters begin at a point along the channel where the contributing basin area is at least 300 acres. Type 5 Waters - All segments of natural waters within the bankfull width of the defined channels that are not Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 Waters. These are seasonal, nonfish habitat streams in which surface flow is not present for at least some portion of the year and are not located from any stream reach that is a Type 4 Water. Type 5 Waters must be physically connected by an above-ground channel system to Type 1, 2, 3, or 4 Waters. (125) Well is a bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension for the purpose of withdrawing or injecting water or other liquids. (126) Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) is the portion of a zone of contribution for a well, wellfield or spring, as defined using criteria established by the state Department of Ecology. (127) Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas. Wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from non-wetland sites, including, but not limited to, irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and landscape amenities, or those wetlands created after July 1, 1990, that were unintentionally created as a result of the construction of a road, street, or highway. Wetlands may include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from non-wetland areas to mitigate the conversion of wetlands. Identification and delineation of Wetlands is also a product of the Washington State Wetland Identification and Delineation Manual (APPENDIX A-2 2.010). (128) Wetland Category are wetlands that are categorized into Category I, II, III or IV based upon the categorization procedures in the Washington State Wetland Rating System for Eastern Washington (Hruby T. 2004). (129) Wetland Classes, Classes of Wetlands, or Wetland Types are the descriptive classes of the wetlands taxonomic classification system of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Cowardin, et al. 1979). (130) Wetland Edge means the boundary of a wetland as delineated based on the definitions contained in this Title. ---PAGE BREAK--- (131) Wetlands Mitigation Bank means a site where wetlands are restored, created, enhanced, or in exceptional circumstances, preserved expressly for the purpose of providing compensatory mitigation in advance of authorized impacts to similar resources. See RCW 90.84.010(5). (132) Zone of Contribution means the area surrounding a well or spring that encompasses all areas or features that supply ground water recharge to the well or spring. (Ord. 5206 Sec. 1, 2007) 1.020: Purpose. The purpose of this Title is to designate and classify ecologically sensitive and hazardous areas and to protect these areas and their functions and values, while also allowing for reasonable use of private property. This Title is to implement the goals, policies, guidelines, and requirements of the City of Kennewick (City) Comprehensive Plan and the Growth Management Act. The City finds that critical areas provide a variety of valuable and beneficial biological and physical functions that benefit the City and its residents, and/or may pose a threat to human safety or to public and private property. The beneficial functions and values provided by critical areas include, but are not limited to, water quality protection and enhancement, fish and wildlife habitat, support of trophic relationships, flood storage, conveyance and attenuation, ground water recharge and discharge, erosion control, wave attenuation, protection from hazards, historical and archaeological and aesthetic value protection, and recreation. These beneficial functions are not listed in order of priority. Goals. By identifying development impacts to critical areas, this Title seeks to: Protect members of the public and public resources and facilities from injury, loss of life, or property damage due to landslides and steep slope failures, erosion, seismic events, volcanic eruptions, or flooding; Protect unique, fragile, and valuable elements of the environment, including ground and surface waters, wetlands, and fish and wildlife and their habitats; Direct activities not dependent on critical area resources to less ecologically sensitive sites and Mitigate unavoidable impacts to critical areas by regulating alterations in and adjacent to critical areas; and Prevent cumulative adverse environmental impacts to water quality, wetlands, and fish and wildlife habitat, and the overall net loss of wetlands, frequently flooded areas and habitat conservation areas. This Title is intended to protect critical areas in accordance with the Growth Management Act and through the application of best available science, as determined according to WAC 365-195-900 through 365-195-925, and in consultation with state and federal agencies and other qualified professionals. This Title is to be administered with flexibility and attention to site-specific characteristics. It is not the intent of this Title to make a parcel of property unusable by denying its owner reasonable economic use of the property. The City's enactment or enforcement of this Title shall not be construed for the benefit of any individual person or group of persons other than the general public. ---PAGE BREAK--- Created: 2021-02-23 12:55:59 [EST] (Supp. No. 7) Page 15 of 27 1.030: Authority and Applicability. As provided herein, the Planning Director is given the authority to interpret and apply and the responsibility to enforce this Title to accomplish the stated purpose. The City shall not approve any permit or otherwise issue any authorization to alter the condition of any land, water, or vegetation, or to construct or alter any structure or improvement in, over, or on a critical area or associated buffer, without first assuring compliance with the requirements of this Title. The provisions of this Title shall apply to all lands, all land uses and development activity, and all structures and facilities in the City, whether or not a permit or authorization is required, and shall apply to every person, firm, partnership, corporation, group, governmental agency, or other entity that owns, leases, or administers land within the City. No person, company, agency, or applicant shall alter a critical area or buffer except as consistent with the purposes and requirements of this Title. Approval or denial of a permit or development proposal pursuant to the provisions of this Title does not discharge the obligation of the applicant to comply with the provisions of this Title. 1.040: Relationship to Other Regulations. These critical area regulations shall apply as an overlay to the City's subdivision and zoning code (Title 17 and 18) and other applicable regulations adopted by the City, including, but not limited to permitting processes, construction standards, building code, shorelines management program, and environmental review (SEPA) procedures. In the case of conflict among regulations, whichever provision or regulation provides the greater protection to the critical area involved shall apply Kennewick Code Title 4 - Administrative Procedures: Chapter 4.08 State Environmental Policy Act implements the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) and establishes procedures for public review of impacts of public and private development actions. (ii) Chapter 4.12 Permit Process establishes a mechanism to enable compliance, conformity and consistency of proposed projects with respect to adopted comprehensive plans and development regulations. Kennewick Code Title 5.56 - Public Works Construction Standards Kennewick Code Title 15 - Buildings and Construction. This title provides uniform development and construction standards, primarily through adoption of the Uniform Building Codes by reference. Kennewick Code Title 18 - Zoning Code: Chapter 18.42, Land Use Permits, sets forth procedures and guidelines for review and approval of land use permits, including conditional uses (Chapter 18.42.100) and site plans (Chapter 18.42.110). Contents of the site plans include, but are not limited to, a site plan showing lot lines and dimensions, location of existing and proposed building or improvements, parking lot drainage, landscaping and fencing. (ii) Chapter 18.45, Planned Development Permit, provides a set of flexible standards for development of large parcels of property, provided that the deviation better accommodates the physical conditions of the property. Kennewick Code Title 18.68 - Shoreline Management. Sets forth policy and requirements for protecting and regulating activities within 200 feet of the Ordinary High Water Mark for the City ---PAGE BREAK--- of Kennewick shorelines. The following exceptions to the applicability of this Title in Shoreline Jurisdiction shall apply: If provisions of this Title and other parts of the master program conflict, the provisions most protective of the ecological resource shall apply, as determined by the City. (ii) Provisions of this Title that are not consistent with the Shoreline Management Act Chapter, 90.85 RCW, and supporting Washington Administrative Code chapters shall not apply in Shoreline jurisdiction. (iii) The provisions of this Title do not extend Shoreline Jurisdiction beyond the limits specified in this SMP. State of Washington Department of Ecology - Inspection Procedures for Underground Storage Tanks. This manual sets forth procedures for inspection, installation, monitoring, closure, and site remediation methods for underground storage tanks. These critical area regulations shall apply concurrently with review conducted under the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), as locally adopted. Compliance with the provisions of this Title does not constitute compliance with other federal, state, and local regulations and permit requirements that may be required (for example, Shoreline Substantial Development Permits, Hydraulic Project Approvals permits, Army Corps of Engineers Section 404 permits, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits). The applicant is responsible for complying with these requirements, apart from the process established in this Title. Where applicable, the Planning Director will encourage use of information such as permit applications to other agencies or special studies prepared in response to other regulatory requirements to support required documentation submitted for critical areas review. The City's Shoreline Management Program (KMC 18.68) regulates all activities within the 200 feet of the Columbia River. 1.050: Administrative Procedures. The administrative procedures followed during the critical area review process shall conform to the standards and requirements of the City's Administrative Procedures Code (Title 4) and Zoning Code (Title 18). This shall include, but not be limited to, timing and appeals associated with applications covered by this Title. 1.060: Severability. If any clause, sentence, paragraph, section, or part of this Title or the application thereof to any person or circumstances shall be judged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such order or judgment shall be confined in its operation to the controversy in which it was rendered. The decision shall not affect or invalidate the remainder of any part thereof and to this end the provisions of each clause, sentence, paragraph, section, or part of this law are hereby declared to be severable. 1.070: Interpretation. In the interpretation and application of this ordinance, the provisions of this Title shall be considered to be the minimum requirements necessary, shall be liberally construed to serve the purpose of this ordinance, and shall be deemed to neither limit nor repeal any other provisions under state statute. 1.080: Jurisdiction—Critical Areas. The City shall regulate all uses within 200 feet (based on the maximum buffer size recommended in this Title. See Appendix A-2 Chapter 2 for additional information) of, or that are likely to affect, one or more critical areas, consistent with the best available science and the provisions herein. ---PAGE BREAK--- Created: 2021-02-23 12:56:00 [EST] (Supp. No. 7) Page 17 of 27 Critical areas regulated by this Title include: Wetlands as designated in Appendix A-2 Chapter 2; Critical aquifer recharge areas as designated in Appendix A-2 Chapter 3; Frequently flooded areas as designated in Appendix A-2 Chapter 4; Geologically hazardous areas as designated in Appendix A-2 Chapter 5; and Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas as designated in Appendix A-2 Chapter 6. All areas within the City meeting the definition of one or more critical area, regardless of any formal identification, are hereby designated critical areas and are subject to the provisions of this Title. 1.090: General Provisions for Mitigation. Any mitigation action taken pursuant to this Title shall result in equivalent or greater functions and values of the critical areas associated with the proposed action, as determined by the best available science. All actions and developments shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Mitigation Sequencing requirements in Section 1.170 to avoid, minimize and restore all adverse impacts. Applicants must first demonstrate an inability to avoid or reduce impacts, before restoration and compensation of impacts will be allowed. No activity or use shall be allowed that results in a net loss of the functions or values of critical areas. 1.100: Best Available Science. Best Available Science to be Used Must be Consistent with Criteria. The best available science is that scientific information applicable to the critical area prepared by local, state or federal natural resource agencies, a qualified scientific professional or team of qualified scientific professionals that is consistent with criteria established in WAC 365-195-900 through WAC 365-195-925. In the context of critical areas protection, best available science must also be based upon a valid scientific process as defined in WAC 365-105-905. Best Available Science sources are available in Appendix A, which is adopted by reference and on file in the Department of Community Planning (Best Available Science References). Absence of Valid Scientific Information. Where there is an absence of valid scientific information or incomplete scientific information relating to a critical area, leading to uncertainty about the specific boundary of a critical area, and risk to critical area function of permitting an alteration of or impact to the critical area, the Planning Director shall: Maintain a critical areas designation certification program for wetlands, and fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas by periodically updating these maps with new information as it is provided to the City. Currently, the City has two types of boundaries depicted on the wetlands, and the fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas maps: Certified - Where the critical area boundary has been verified and mapped within the past five years by a qualified professional (e.g. delineated wetland), hydrology of the site (applicable to wetlands only) has not been altered within that time period, and this territorial limit information has been provided to the City. Certified wetlands and fish and wildlife habitat as of 2007 include: Elliott Lake wetlands, 27th Avenue wetlands, Zintel Canyon, 36th Avenue wetland; wetlands and fish and wildlife habitat in Columbia Park, and the large contiguous block of shrub steppe habitat located adjacent to HWY 395 and Interstate I-82 on the southern portion of the City and its urban growth boundary. ---PAGE BREAK--- (ii) Uncertified - Where more specific information needs to be prepared by a qualified professional and provided to the City to accurately show the boundary of a given critical area, or where boundaries and conditions of certified wetlands and fish and wildlife habitat is more than five years old and needs to be verified. The most recent map revision identifying certified and uncertified wetlands and fish and wildlife conservation areas becomes the map of record for demonstrating compliance with the state requirement for designating and classifying these critical areas. 1.110: Allowed Activities. Process. The Planning Director shall allow activities that are verified to comply with this section. The Planning Director shall provide a copy of this section, including any future updates, and the maps of critical area designations to city departments and other potential affected agencies as determined by the Planning Director. City Departments and other local agencies when conducting allowed activities (except for 1.110(3)(c) and will notify the Planning Director in writing in advance of the planned activity, when it will occur, and steps that will be taken to comply with the provisions of this Title. Emergency activities or any other activities that occur without advance notice will be followed up with a report to the Planning Director describing how provisions of this Title are being met. Documentation of allowed activities shall be maintained on file at the Planning Department. Allowed Activities shall Avoid Impacts to Critical Areas. All allowed activities shall use mitigation sequencing to avoid potential impacts to critical areas, using best management practices that result in the least amount of impact to the critical areas where practicable. Designation as an allowed activity does not give permission to degrade a critical area or ignore risk from natural hazards. Best management practices shall be used for tree and vegetation protection, construction management, erosion and sedimentation control, water quality protection, fish and wildlife protection, and regulation of chemical applications. The City shall monitor the use of best management practices to ensure that the activity does not result in degradation to the critical area. Any incidental damage to, or alteration of, a critical area that is not a necessary outcome of the exempted activity shall be restored, rehabilitated, or replaced at the responsible party's expense within one growing season. Allowed Activities. The following developments, activities, and associated uses are allowed and shall be exempt from the provisions of this Title except as noted in provisions below, provided that they are otherwise consistent with the provisions of other local, state, and federal laws and requirements: Emergencies. Emergency activities are those activities necessary to prevent an immediate threat to public health, safety, or welfare, or that pose an immediate risk of damage to private property and that require remedial or preventative action in a timeframe too short to allow for compliance with the requirements of this Title. Emergency actions that create an impact to a critical area or its buffer shall use "reasonable methods" to address the emergency; in addition, they must have the least possible impact to the critical area or its buffer. The person or agency undertaking such action shall notify the City within one working day following commencement of the emergency activity. Within 30 days, the Planning Director shall determine if the action taken was within the scope of the emergency actions allowed in this Subsection. If the Planning Director determines that the action taken, or any part of the action taken, was beyond the scope of an allowed emergency action, then enforcement provisions of Section 1.190 shall apply. After the emergency, the person or agency undertaking the action shall fully restore and/or mitigate any impacts to the critical area and buffers resulting from the emergency action in accordance with the critical area report or other applicable information, and mitigation plan. The person or agency undertaking the action shall apply for review, and the alteration, critical area report or other applicable information, and mitigation plan shall be reviewed by the City in accordance with the review procedures contained herein. Restoration and/or mitigation ---PAGE BREAK--- activities must be initiated within one year of the date of the emergency, and completed in a timely manner; Operation, Maintenance or Repair. Operation, maintenance or repair of existing structures, infrastructure improvements, utilities, public or private roads, dikes, levees or drainage systems, that do not require a permit or are covered under a programmatic permit from an authorized agency, if the activity does not further alter or increase the impact to, or encroach further within, the critical area or buffer and there is no increased risk to life or property as a result of the proposed operation, maintenance, or repair; Passive Outdoor Activities. Recreation, education, and scientific research activities that do not degrade the critical area, including fishing, hiking, and bird watching. Permit Requests Subsequent to Previous Critical Area Review. Development permits and approvals that involve both discretionary land use approvals (such as subdivisions, rezones, or conditional use permits), and construction approvals (such as building permits) if all of the following conditions have been met: The provisions of this Title have been previously addressed as part of another approval; (ii) There have been no material changes in the potential impact to the critical area or buffer since the prior review; (iii) There is no new information available that is applicable to any critical area review of the site or particular critical area; (iv) The permit or approval has not expired or, if no expiration date, no more than five years has elapsed since the issuance of that permit or approval; and Compliance with any standards or conditions placed upon the prior permit or approval has been achieved or secured. Modification to Existing Structures. Structural modification of, addition to, or replacement of an existing legally constructed structure that does not further alter or increase the impact to the critical area or buffer and there is no increased risk to life or property as a result of the proposed modification or replacement, provided that restoration of structures substantially damaged by fire, flood, or act of nature must be initiated within six months of the date of such damage, as evidenced by the issuance of a valid building permit, and diligently pursued to completion; Activities within the Improved Right-Of-Way. Replacement, modification, installation, or construction of utility facilities, lines, pipes, mains, equipment, or appurtenances, not including substations, when such facilities are located within the improved portion of the public right-of- way or a City authorized private roadway except those activities that alter a wetland or watercourse, such as culverts or bridges, or results in the transport of sediment or increased stormwater; Public and Private Pedestrian Trails. Public and private pedestrian trails not in wetlands, or fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, where the trail surface meets all other requirements; Select Vegetation Removal Activities. Select vegetation removal activities are allowed upon review and approval of the Director. Accepted vegetation removal activities include: a) removing and controlling invasive plants or noxious weeds; b) removal of trees that are hazardous, posing a threat to public safety, or posing an imminent risk of damage to private property and measures to control a fire or halt the spread of disease or damaging insects consistent with the State Forest Practices Act, Chapter 76.09 RCW. Unless otherwise provided or as a necessary part of an approved alteration, removal of any vegetation or woody debris from a habitat conservation area or wetland shall be prohibited; ---PAGE BREAK--- Chemical Applications. The application of herbicides, pesticides, organic or mineral-derived fertilizers, or other hazardous substances, if necessary, provided that their use shall be conducted in accordance with applicable state and federal law. (More information on commercial and residential use of chemicals can be found in Department of Ecology "Guidance Document for Establishment of Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas Ordinances" Version 3.0, Publication #97-30; and from the state Department of Agriculture, http://www.wa.gov/agr/); Minor Site Investigative Work. Work necessary for land use submittals, such as topographic surveys, soil logs, percolation tests, and other related activities, where such activities do not require construction of new roads or significant amounts of excavation. In every case, impacts to the critical area shall be minimized and disturbed areas shall be immediately restored; and Navigational Aids and Boundary Markers. Construction or modification of navigational aids and boundary markers. 1.120: Exception—Reasonable Use. This provision does not apply in shoreline jurisdiction. A shoreline variance permit is required. See 18.68.250. 1.130: General Review Process. The City shall begin the process discussed below and outlined in Figure 1, within 90 days after permit application: Verify the information submitted by the applicant for the applicable permit; Evaluate the project area and vicinity for critical areas; For wetland and/or fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, the City may require that boundaries be verified and mapped by a qualified professional. The scale of the boundary information shall be the same as the City maps, and such boundaries shall be submitted to the City as part of the application for the applicable permit if the project is: Within 200 feet of a wetland, or fish and wildlife critical area for which the boundaries have not been certified and depicted by the City on the critical areas map (see Exhibits 1 through 4 which are adopted by reference and on file in the Department of Community Planning); and (ii) Will not be receiving a no-impact waiver as provided in Section 1.130(2) below. Determine whether the proposed project is likely to impact the functions or values of critical areas; and Determine if the proposed project adequately addresses the impacts and avoids impacts to the critical area associated with the project. Critical Areas Present, but No-Impact Waiver. If the Planning Director determines that there are critical areas within or adjacent to the project area, but that the proposed activity is unlikely to degrade the functions or values of the critical area, the Planning Director may waive the requirement for a report or other applicable information. If the waiver involves a wetland, the Planning Director may require a wetland category rating be completed prior to determining whether a waiver can be granted. A waiver may be granted if there is substantial evidence that all of the following requirements will be met: There will be no alteration of the critical area or buffer; The development proposal will not impact the critical area in a manner contrary to the purpose, intent, and requirements of this Title; and The proposal is consistent with other applicable regulations and standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- A summary of this analysis and the findings shall be included in any staff report or decision on the underlying permit. Critical Areas Present and Potential Impact Likely. If the Planning Director determines that the proposed project is within, adjacent to, or is likely to impact a critical area, the Planning Director shall: Notify the applicant that a critical area report, SEPA checklist, and other applicable information must be submitted prior to further review of the project, and indicate each of the critical area types that should be addressed; Require a critical area report or other applicable information from the applicant that has been prepared by a qualified professional; Review and evaluate the critical area report and other applicable information to determine whether the development proposal conforms to the purposes and performance standards of this Title; Assess potential impacts to the critical area and determine if they are necessary and unavoidable; ---PAGE BREAK--- Determine if any mitigation proposed by the applicant is sufficient to protect the functions and values of the critical area and public health, safety, and welfare concerns consistent with the goals, purposes, objectives, and requirements of this Title; and A summary of this analysis and the findings shall be included in any decision on the underlying permit(s). Critical area review findings may result in: a) no adverse impacts to critical area(s); b) list of applicable critical area(s) protection conditions for the underlying permit(s); or c) denial of permit based upon unavoidable impacts to critical area(s) functions and values. 1.140: Wetland, Geologically Hazardous Areas, and Habitat Conservation Areas—General Report Requirements. Prepared by Qualified Professional. If required by Section 1.130, the applicant shall submit a report prepared by a qualified professional as defined herein. Incorporating Best Available Science. The report shall use scientifically valid methods and studies in the analysis of data and field reconnaissance and reference the source of science used. The report shall evaluate the proposal and all probable impacts to critical areas in accordance with the provisions of this Title. Minimum Report Contents. At a minimum, the report shall contain the following: The name and contact information of the applicant, a description of the proposal, and identification of the permit requested; A copy of the site plan for the development proposal showing: Identified critical areas, buffers, and the development proposal with dimensions; (ii) Limits of any areas to be cleared; and (iii) A description of the proposed stormwater management plan for the development and consideration of impacts to drainage alterations, consistent with the current edition of the City of Kennewick Construction Standards. The names and professional qualifications of the persons preparing the report and documentation of any fieldwork performed on the site; Identification and characterization of all critical areas, wetlands, water bodies, and buffers adjacent to the proposed project area; A statement specifying the accuracy of the report, and all assumptions made and relied upon; An assessment of the probable cumulative impacts to critical areas resulting from development of the site and the proposed development; An analysis of site development alternatives; A description of reasonable efforts made to apply mitigation sequencing pursuant to Section 1.170 to avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts to critical areas; Plans for adequate mitigation, as needed, to offset any impacts, in accordance with Section 1.160 through 1.190, including, but not limited to: The impacts of any proposed development within or adjacent to a critical area or buffer on the critical area; and (ii) The impacts of any proposed alteration of a critical area or buffer on the development proposal, other properties and the environment; A discussion of the performance standards applicable to the critical area and proposed activity; ---PAGE BREAK--- Page 23 of 27 Financial guarantees to ensure compliance, if applicable; and Unless otherwise provided, a report may be supplemented by or composed, in whole or in part, of any reports or studies required by other laws and regulations or previously prepared for and applicable to the development proposal site, as approved by the Planning Director. 1.150: Wetland, Habitat Conservation, and Geologically Hazardous Areas—Modifications to Report Requirements. Limitations to Study Area. The Planning Director may limit the required geographic area of the critical area report as appropriate if: The applicant, with assistance from the City, cannot obtain permission to access properties adjacent to the project area; or The proposed activity will affect only a limited part of the subject site. Modifications to Required Contents. The applicant may consult with the Planning Director prior to or during preparation of the report to obtain City concurrence on modifications to the required contents of the report where, in the judgment of a qualified professional, more or less information is required to adequately address the potential critical area impacts and required mitigation. 1.160: Mitigation Requirements. The applicant shall avoid all impacts that degrade the functions and values of a critical area or areas. Unless otherwise provided in this Title, if alteration to the critical area is unavoidable, all adverse impacts to or from critical areas and buffers resulting from a development proposal or alteration shall be mitigated in accordance with the critical area report and SEPA requirements. Mitigation shall be in-kind and on-site, when possible, and sufficient to maintain the functions and values of the critical area, and to prevent risk from a hazard posed by a critical area. Mitigation shall not be implemented until after City receipt of a report or other applicable information that includes a mitigation plan, and mitigation shall be in accordance with the provisions of the report or other applicable information; and city approval of the underlying permit(s). Mitigation monitoring shall be required for a minimum of five years. The project mitigation plan shall include monitoring elements that ensure certainty of success for the project natural value and functions. If the mitigation goals are not obtained within the initial five-year period, the applicant remains responsible for restoration of the natural values and functions until the mitigation goals agreed to in the mitigation plan are achieved. 1.170: Mitigation Sequencing. Applicants shall demonstrate that all reasonable efforts have been examined with the intent to avoid and minimize impacts to critical areas. When an alteration to a critical area is proposed, such alteration shall be avoided, minimized, or compensated for in the following order of preference: Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action; minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation, by using appropriate technology, or by taking affirmative steps, such as project redesign, relocation, or timing, to avoid or reduce impacts; Rectifying the impact to wetlands, critical aquifer recharge areas, frequently flooded areas, and habitat conservation areas by repairing, enhancing, or restoring the affected environment to the historical conditions, or pre-development, or the conditions existing at the time of the initiation of the project; ---PAGE BREAK--- Page 24 of 27 Minimizing or eliminating the hazard by restoring or stabilizing the hazard area through approval engineered or other methods; Reducing or eliminating the impact or hazard over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action; Compensating for the impact to wetlands, critical aquifer recharge areas, frequently flooded areas, and fish and wildlife habitat, and vegetation conservation areas by replacing, enhancing, or providing substitute resources or environments; and Monitoring the hazard or other required mitigation for a reasonable period of time and taking remedial action when necessary. Mitigation for individual actions may include a combination of the above measures. 1.180: Mitigation Plan Requirements. When mitigation is required, the applicant shall submit to the City a mitigation plan as part of the critical area report or other applicable information. The goals and objectives will be related to the functions and values of the impacted critical area, they include: Environmental Goals and Objectives. The mitigation plan shall include a written report identifying environmental goals and objectives of the compensation proposed and including: A description of the anticipated impacts to the critical areas and the mitigating actions proposed and the purposes of the compensation measures, including the site selection criteria; identification of compensation goals; identification of resource functions; and dates for beginning and completion of site compensation construction activities; A review of the best available science supporting the proposed mitigation and a description of the report author's experience to date in restoring or creating the type of critical area proposed; and An analysis of the likelihood of success of the compensation project. Performance Standards. The mitigation plan shall address the applicable performance standards identified in this Title. Detailed Construction Plans. The mitigation plan shall include written specifications and descriptions of the mitigation proposed, such as: The proposed construction sequence, timing, and duration; Grading and excavation details; Erosion and sediment control features; A vegetation planting plan specifying plant species, quantities, locations, size, spacing, and density; and Measures to protect and maintain plants until established. These written specifications shall be accompanied by detailed site diagrams, scaled cross-sectional drawings, topographic maps showing slope percentage and final grade elevations, and any other drawings appropriate to show construction techniques or anticipated final outcome. Monitoring Program. The mitigation plan shall include a program for monitoring construction of the compensation project, and for assessing a completed project. A protocol shall be included outlining the schedule for site monitoring in years one, three and five after site construction, and how the monitoring data will be evaluated to determine if the performance standards are being met. A monitoring report shall be submitted as needed to document milestones, successes, problems, and ---PAGE BREAK--- Page 25 of 27 contingency actions of the compensation project. At a minimum, a monitoring report shall be submitted to document mitigation plan performance in year five after site construction. Contingency Plan. The mitigation plan shall include identification of potential courses of action, and any corrective measures to be taken if monitoring or evaluation indicates project performance standards are not being met. Financial Guarantees. The mitigation plan shall include financial guarantees, if necessary, to ensure that the mitigation plan is fully implemented. Financial guarantees ensuring fulfillment of the compensation project, monitoring program, and any contingency measures shall be posted in accordance with Section 1.230. Other Permits. Other local, state, and federal regulatory jurisdictions may require permits for habitat mitigation projects. The applicant shall comply with all other appropriate regulatory permits, agreements, and authority, as required by each respective jurisdiction. 1.190: Unauthorized Critical Area Alterations and Enforcement. When a critical area or its buffer has been altered in violation of this Title, all ongoing development work shall stop and the critical area shall be restored. The City shall have the authority to issue a stop work order to cease all ongoing development work, and order restoration, rehabilitation, replacement or where determined appropriate by the Planning Director, mitigation measures at the owner's or other responsible party's expense to compensate for violation of provisions of this Title and other applicable city codes governing the underlying permit(s). Administrative procedures including, but not limited to, review and appeal of City actions related to unauthorized critical area alterations are outlined in Section 1.050. Restoration/Mitigation Plan Required. All development work shall remain stopped until a restoration/mitigation plan is prepared and approved by City. Such a plan shall be prepared by a qualified professional and shall describe how the actions proposed meet the minimum requirements described in Subsection and/or mitigation requirements outlined in Sections 1.160, 1.170, and 1.180, if mitigation is determined to be appropriate by the Planning Director. The Planning Director shall, at the violator's expense, seek expert advice in determining the adequacy of the plan. Inadequate plans shall be returned to the applicant or violator for revision and resubmittal. Minimum Performance Standards for Restoration or Mitigation. For alterations to critical aquifer recharge areas, frequently flooded areas, wetlands, and habitat conservation areas the following minimum performance standards shall be met for the restoration or mitigation of impacts to a critical area, provided that if the violator can demonstrate in a restoration/mitigation plan that greater functional and habitat values can be obtained, these standards may be modified by the Planning Director: The historic structural and functional values shall be restored, including water quality and habitat functions; (ii) The historic soil types and configuration shall be replicated; (iii) The critical area and buffers shall be replanted with native vegetation that replicates the vegetation historically found on the site in species types, sizes, and densities; and (iv) The historic functions and values should be replicated at the location of the alteration. For alterations to flood and geological hazards, the following minimum performance standards shall be met for the restoration of a critical area, provided that, if the violator can demonstrate that greater safety can be obtained, these standards may be modified: The hazard shall be reduced to a level equal to, or less than, the pre-development hazard; ---PAGE BREAK--- Page 26 of 27 (ii) Any risk of personal injury resulting from the alteration shall be eliminated or minimized; and (iii) The hazard area and buffers shall be replanted with native vegetation sufficient to minimize the hazard. Penalties. Any person, party, firm, corporation, or other legal entity convicted of violating any of the provisions of this Title shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Each day or portion of a day during which a violation of this Title is committed or continued shall constitute a separate offense. Any development carried out contrary to the provisions of this Title shall constitute a public nuisance and may be enjoined as provided by the statutes of the state of Washington. The City may levy civil penalties against any person, party, firm, corporation, or other legal entity for violation of any of the provisions of this Title. The civil penalty shall be assessed at a rate consistent with Section 1.12.030 of the Kennewick Municipal Code. Daily fines shall not be levied until after a violator has received a notice of violation and shall not be levied while the violator is making a good faith and diligent effort to correct the violation in cooperation with City enforcement personnel nor while a notice of violation is under appeal through the applicable appeal process. 1.200: Critical Area Markers and Signs. The critical area or buffer shall be identified with temporary signs prior to any site alteration. Such temporary signs may be replaced with permanent signs, as determined appropriate by the Planning Director. 1.210: Native Growth Habitat Areas. Unless otherwise required in this Title, native growth habitat areas shall be used in development proposals for subdivisions, short subdivisions, planned unit developments, and binding site plans to delineate and protect those contiguous critical areas and buffers listed below: All landslide hazard areas and buffers; All wetlands and buffers; All habitat conservation areas; and All other lands to be protected from alterations as conditioned by project approval. See Exhibits 1 and 4, or the latest revisions of these maps for designated wetlands, erosion hazard areas and habitat conservation areas. 1.220: Building Setbacks. Unless otherwise provided, buildings and other structures shall be set back a distance of 15 feet from the edges of all critical area buffers or from the edges of all critical areas, if no buffers are required. The following may be allowed in the building setback area: Landscaping; Uncovered decks; Building overhangs if such overhangs do not extend more than 18 inches into the setback area; and Impervious ground surfaces, such as driveways and patios, provided that such improvements may be subject to requirements provided in the most current edition of City's Construction Standards. ---PAGE BREAK--- Created: 2021-02-23 12:56:00 [EST] (Supp. No. 7) Page 27 of 27 1.230: Bonds to Ensure Mitigation, Maintenance, and Monitoring. Mitigation required pursuant to a development proposal should be completed prior to City final permit approval. When it is not feasible for mitigation to be completed prior to City final permit approval, such as final plat approval or final building inspection, the City shall require the applicant to post a performance bond in a form and amount deemed acceptable by the City. The bond shall be in the amount of 125 percent of the estimated cost of the uncompleted actions or the estimated cost of restoring the functions and values of the critical area that are at risk, whichever is greater. The performance bonds shall remain in effect until the City determines, in writing, that the standards bonded for have been met. Bonds shall be held by the City for a minimum of five years to ensure that the required mitigation has been fully implemented and demonstrated to function, and may be held for longer periods when necessary. Depletion, failure, or collection of bond funds shall not discharge the obligation of an applicant or violator to complete required mitigation, maintenance, monitoring, or restoration. Public development proposals shall be relieved from having to comply with the bonding requirements of this section if public funds have previously been committed for mitigation, maintenance, monitoring, or restoration. Any failure to satisfy critical area requirements established by law or condition including, but not limited to, the failure to provide a monitoring report within 30 days after it is due or comply with other provisions of a mitigation plan shall constitute a default, and the City may demand payment of any financial guarantees or require other action authorized by the City code or any other law. Any funds recovered pursuant to this Section shall be used to complete the required mitigation. 1.240: Critical Area Inspections. Reasonable access to the site shall be provided to the City, state, and federal agency review staff for the purposes of inspections during any proposal review, restoration, emergency action, or monitoring period. Additionally, the City or its agent shall have reasonable access to the site for completing necessary remediation work in the event of noncompliance. ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A-2 CHAPTER 2 CRITICAL AREAS - WETLANDS 2.010: Designation, Rating and Mapping Wetlands. Designating Wetlands. Wetlands are those areas, designated in accordance with the Washington State Wetland Identification and Delineation Manual, that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. All areas within the City of Kennewick meeting the wetland designation criteria in the Identification and Delineation Manual, regardless of any formal identification, are hereby designated critical areas and are subject to the provisions of this Title. Wetland Ratings. Wetland Types I—IV shall be rated according to the Department of Ecology’s Washington State Wetland Rating System for Eastern Washington (Ecology 2014, as amended). This document contains definitions and methods for determining if specific criteria are met by a particular wetland. The City of Kennewick contains few wetland areas and most of these have been subject to disturbance in the past. The City has evaluated the most significant wetland areas that are known within the City Limits and its urban growth boundary under the Ecology Rating System. These include: the wetlands associated with Elliot Lake, Zintel Canyon drainage way, wetlands around 36th and Olympia, and 27th and Washington; and wetlands within Columbia Park and the Columbia River shoreline zone, including Duffy's Pond near Clover Island. These wetlands all classify as Category III Wetlands. This effort leads the City to believe that any additional wetlands that may occur within the City limits will rank as Category III Wetlands or as Category IV wetlands and that it is unlikely that higher quality wetlands occur in the City of Kennewick. Provisions have been provided for Category I and II wetlands, should there be a future determination these exist in Kennewick. The Washington State Wetland Rating System for Eastern Washington (Ecology 2014) defines Category III wetlands as those wetlands that are: 1) vernal pools that are isolated, and 2) wetlands with a moderate level of functions (scores between 30 and 50 points); and Category IV wetlands are considered to be wetlands that have the lowest level of functions (scores less than 30 points) and are often heavily disturbed. Mapping. The approximate location and extent of known wetlands are shown on the adopted critical area map (Exhibit 1, or the latest revision of this map). This information is to be used as a guide for the City, project applicants and/or property owners, and may be updated as new information becomes available. In some instances (uncertified boundaries), it is a reference and does not provide a final critical area designation. The exact location of a wetland's boundary shall be determined through the performance of a field investigation by a qualified professional applying the Washington State Wetlands Identification and Delineation Manual as required by RCW 36.70A.175 (Ecology Publication #96-94). 2.020: Activities Allowed in Wetlands. The activities listed below are allowed in wetlands in addition to those activities listed in, and consistent with, the provisions established in Appendix A-2 Section 1.110, and do not require submission of a critical area report, except where such activities result in the loss to the functions and values of a wetland or wetland buffer. These activities include: ---PAGE BREAK--- Conservation or preservation of soil, water, vegetation, fish, shellfish, and other wildlife that does not entail changing the structure, or functions of the existing wetland. The harvesting of wild crops in a manner that is not injurious to natural reproduction of such crops and provided the harvesting does not require tilling of soil, planting of crops, or alteration of the wetland by changing existing topography, water conditions or water sources. Boat mooring. Recreational and educational activities. Research. 2.030: Wetlands—Additional Requirements. Prepared by a Qualified Professional. A qualified professional shall prepare a critical areas report for wetlands. The City shall determine whether a person is a qualified professional based on criteria established in WAC 395-195-905(4). Area Addressed in Critical Area Report. The following areas shall be addressed in a critical area report for wetlands: The project area of the proposed activity; All wetlands and recommended buffers within 200 feet of the project area (critical area reports should consider wetlands and other critical areas within 200 feet due to the maximum potential buffer recommended for wetlands); and All shoreline areas, water features, floodplains, and other critical areas, and related buffers within 200 feet of the project area. Wetland Analysis. In addition the minimum required contents of critical area reports in Appendix A-2 Section 1.140 and 1.150, a critical area report for wetlands shall contain an analysis of the wetlands including the following site and proposal-related information at a minimum: A written assessment and accompanying maps of the wetlands and buffers within 200 feet of the project area, or one-half mile upstream or if the wetland is a riverine wetland, including the following information at a minimum: Wetland delineation and required buffers; (ii) Existing wetland acreage; (iii) Wetland category; vegetative, faunal, and hydrologic characteristics; (iv) Soil and substrate conditions; and A discussion of measures, including avoidance, minimization and mitigation, proposed to preserve existing wetlands and restore any wetlands that were degraded prior to the current proposed land use activity. Proposed mitigation, if needed, including a written assessment and accompanying maps of the mitigation area, including the following information at a minimum: Existing wetland acreage and proposed impact area; (ii) Vegetative, faunal, and hydrologic conditions; (iii) Relationship within watershed and to existing waterbodies; (iv) Soil and substrate conditions, topographic elevations; Existing and proposed adjacent site conditions; ---PAGE BREAK--- (vi) Required wetland buffers; and (vii) Property ownership. A discussion of ongoing management practices that will protect wetlands after the project site has been developed, including proposed monitoring and maintenance programs. Additional Information May be Required. When appropriate, the City may also require the critical area report to include an evaluation by the Department of Ecology or an independent qualified expert regarding the applicant's analysis and the effectiveness of any proposed mitigating measures or programs, and to include any recommendations as appropriate. 2.040: Performance Standards—General Requirements. Activities may only be permitted in a wetland or wetland buffer if the applicant can show that the proposed activity will not degrade the functions and values of the wetland and other critical areas. Activities and uses shall be prohibited from wetlands and wetland buffers, except as provided for in this Title. Wetland buffers. Standard Buffer Widths. The standard buffer widths are based on wetland category, intensity of impacts, and wetland functions or special characteristics. The buffer is to be vegetated with native plant communities that are appropriate for the site conditions. If vegetation in the buffer is disturbed (grazed or mowed) proponents planning changes to land that will increase impacts to wetlands need to rehabilitate the buffer with native plant communities that are appropriate for the site conditions. The width of the buffer is measured in horizontal distance. Table 1. Types of Proposed Land Use That Can Result In High, Moderate, and Low Levels of Impacts to Adjacent Wetlands Level of Impact from Proposed Change in Land Use Types of Land Use Based on Common Zoning Designations High • Commercial • Urban • Industrial • Institutional • Retail sales • Residential (more than 1 unit/acre) • High-intensity recreation (golf courses, ball fields, etc.) • High-intensity farms Moderate • Residential (1 unit/acre or less) • Moderate-intensity open space (parks with biking, jogging, etc.) • Conversion to moderate-intensity agriculture (orchards, hay fields, etc.) • Paved trails • Utility corridor or right-of-way shared by several utilities and including access/ maintenance road Low • Low-intensity open space (hiking, bird-watching, preservation of natural resources, etc.) • Unpaved trails ---PAGE BREAK--- • Utility corridor without a maintenance road and little or no vegetation management Table 2. Width of Buffers Needed to Protect Category IV Wetlands In Kennewick (For Wetlands Scoring Less Than 30 Points For All Functions) Wetland Characteristics Buffer Widths by Impact of Proposed Land Use Other Measures Recommended for Protection Score for all 3 basic functions is less than 30 points Low—25 ft Moderate—40 ft High—50 ft Maintain any existing connections with other wetlands, open space or habitat conservation areas Table 3. Width of Buffers Needed to Protect Category III wetlands in Kennewick (for Wetlands Scoring 30—50 Points For All Functions or Isolated Vernal Pools) Wetland Characteristics Buffer Widths by Impact of Proposed Land Use Other Measures Recommended for Protection Moderate level of function for habitat (score for habitat 20—28 points) Low—75 ft Moderate— 110 ft (Columbia Park wetlands, Elliott Lake wetlands) High—150 ft (Zintel Canyon, 27th Avenue wetlands, and Duffy's pond) Maintain any existing connections with other wetlands, open space or habitat conservation areas Not meeting above characteristic Low—40 ft Moderate—60 ft High—80 ft Maintain any existing connections with other wetlands, open space or habitat conservation areas Table 4. Width of Buffers Needed to Protect Category II and I Wetlands in Kennewick Wetland Characteristics Buffer Widths by Impact of Proposed Land Use Other Measures Recommended for Protection High level of function for habitat (score for habitat 29—48 points) Low—100 ft Moderate—150 ft High—200 ft Maintain any existing connections with other wetlands, open space or habitat conservation areas Measurement of Wetland Buffers. All buffers shall be measured from the wetland boundary as surveyed in the field. The width of the wetland buffer shall be determined according to the wetland category and the proposed land use. The buffer for a wetland created, restored, or enhanced as compensation for wetland alterations shall be the same as the buffer required for the category of the created, restored, or enhanced wetland. 2.050: Performance Standards—Mitigation Requirements. When the acreage required for compensatory mitigation is divided by the acreage of impact, the result is a number known variously as a replacement, compensation, or mitigation ratio. Compensatory mitigation ratios are used to help ensure that compensatory mitigation actions are adequate to offset unavoidable wetland impacts by requiring a greater amount of mitigation area than the area of impact. Requiring greater mitigation area helps compensate for the risk that a mitigation action will fail and for the time lag that occurs between the wetland impact and achieving a fully functioning mitigation site. Definitions of Types of Compensatory Mitigation. The ratios presented are based on the type of compensatory mitigation proposed restoration, creation, and enhancement). In its Regulatory Guidance Letter 02-02, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided definitions for these types of compensatory mitigation. For consistency, the authors of this document use the same definitions which are provided under Compensatory Mitigation in Appendix A-2 Section 1.010. Table 4: Mitigation Ratios For Projects in Kennewick ---PAGE BREAK--- Category and Type of Wetland Impacts Re- establishment or Creation Rehabilitation Only4 Re- establishment or Creation (R/C) and Rehabilitation (RH) Re- establishment or Creation (R/C) and Enhancement (E)4 Enhancement Only4 All Category IV 1.5:1 3:1 1:1 R/C and 1:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 2:1 E 6:1 All Category III 2:1 4:1 1:1 R/C and 2:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 4:1 E 8:1 All Category II and I 4:1 8:1 1:1 R/C and 2:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 8:1 E 10:1 4 These ratios are based on the assumption that the rehabilitation or enhancement actions implemented represent the average degree of improvement possible for the site. Proposals to implement more effective rehabilitation or enhancement actions may result in a lower ratio, while less effective actions may result in a higher ratio. The distinction between rehabilitation and enhancement is not clear-cut. Instead, rehabilitation and enhancement actions span a continuum. Proposals that fall within the gray area between rehabilitation and enhancement will result in a ratio that lies between the ratios for rehabilitation and the ratios for enhancement. Mitigation Maintenance and Monitoring. Mitigation areas will be maintained and monitored for a minimum of five years after the mitigation has been completed. Annual maintenance and monitoring reports will be submitted to the City and shall include: Descriptive data for vegetation, soils, and hydrology; Itemized list of dead, dying, and replaced vegetation; Quantitative assessment of invasive species; Descriptive photographs; Statement of overall success of mitigation; Schedule of activities for the next year of maintenance and monitoring. The City may extend maintenance and monitoring for mitigation projects that fail to achieve performance standards outlined in the mitigation plan. 2.060: Performance Standards—Specific Activities and Uses. The following activities may be permitted within a wetland buffer in accordance with the review procedures of this Title; provided they are not prohibited by any other applicable law and they are conducted in a manner so as to minimize impacts to the buffer and adjacent wetland: Conservation and Restoration Activities. Conservation or restoration activities aimed at protecting the soil, water, vegetation, or wildlife; Passive Recreation. Passive recreation facilities designed and in accordance with the critical area report, including: Walkways and trails, provided that those pathways that are generally parallel to the perimeter of the wetland shall be located in the outer 25 percent of the buffer area; Wildlife viewing structures; and Fishing areas accessed by foot. ---PAGE BREAK--- Stormwater Management Facilities. Stormwater management facilities are not allowed in buffers of Category I or II wetlands. Stormwater management facilities, limited to stormwater dispersion outfalls and bioswales, may be allowed within the outer 25 percent of the buffer of Category III or IV wetlands only, provided that: No other location is feasible; and The location of such facilities will not degrade the functions or values of the wetland. Subdivisions. The subdivision and short subdivision of land in wetlands and associated buffers is subject to the following: Land that is located wholly within a wetland or its buffer may not be subdivided; Land that is located partially within a wetland or its buffer may be divided provided that an accessible and contiguous portion of each new lot is: Located outside of the wetland and its buffer; and (ii) Meets the minimum lot size requirements of the City zoning code (Title 18). Access roads and utilities serving the proposed subdivision may be permitted within the wetland and associated buffers only if the City determines that no other feasible alternative exists in and when consistent with this Title. ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A-2 CHAPTER 3 CRITICAL AREAS - CRITICAL AQUIFER RECHARGE AREAS 3.010: Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas Designation. Critical aquifer recharge areas (CARA) are those areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water as defined by WAC 365-190-030(2). CARA has prevailing geologic conditions associated with infiltration rates that create a high potential for contamination of ground water resources or contribute significantly to the replenishment of ground water. The following areas have been identified based on local conditions: Wellhead Protection Areas. Wellhead protection areas shall be defined by the boundaries of the ten- year time of ground water travel, or boundaries established using alternate criteria approved by the Department of Health in those settings where ground water time of travel is not a reasonable delineation criterion, in accordance with WAC 246-290-135. 3.020: Mapping of Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas. The approximate location and extent of critical aquifer recharge areas are shown on the adopted critical area map (Exhibit 2: or the latest revision of this map). This map is to be used as a guide for the City, project applicants and/or property owners, and will be updated as new information becomes available. 3.030: Regulation. The following are in place to protect critical aquifer recharge areas and regulate activities that might potentially impact these areas. City of Kennewick Construction Standards (KMC 5.56). City of Kennewick Wellhead Protection Plan. State and federal regulations applicable to specific uses including but not limited to those provided in Sections 3.050 and 3.060. 3.040: Performance Standards—General Requirements. Activities may only be permitted in a critical aquifer recharge area if the applicant can show that the proposed activity will not adversely affect the recharging of the aquifer and that the proposed activity will not cause contaminants to enter the aquifer. The proposed activity must comply with the water source protection requirements and recommendations of the federal Environmental Protection Agency, state Department of Health, and the Benton County Health Department, and as provided in the City's wellhead protection plan. The proposed activity must be designed and constructed in accordance with erosion control and surface/stormwater management requirements in current City regulations. ---PAGE BREAK--- 3.050: Performance Standards—Specific Uses Storage Tanks. All storage tanks proposed to be located in a critical aquifer recharge area must comply with local building code requirements and must conform to the following requirements: Underground Tanks. All new underground storage facilities proposed for use in the storage of hazardous substances or hazardous wastes shall be designed and constructed so as to: Prevent releases due to corrosion or structural failure for the operational life of the tank; (ii) Be protected against corrosion, constructed of noncorrosive material, steel clad with a noncorrosive material, or designed to include a secondary containment system to prevent the release or threatened release of any stored substances; and, (iii) Use material in the construction or lining of the tank that is compatible with the substance to be stored. Aboveground Tanks. All new aboveground storage facilities proposed for use in the storage of hazardous substances or hazardous wastes shall be designed and constructed so as to: Not allow the release of a hazardous substance to the ground, ground waters, or surface waters; (ii) Have a primary containment area enclosing or underlying the tank or part thereof; and (iii) A secondary containment system either built into the tank structure or a dike system built outside the tank for all tanks. Vehicle Repair and Servicing. Vehicle repair and servicing must be conducted over impermeable pads and within a covered structure capable of withstanding normally expected weather conditions. Chemicals used in the process of vehicle repair and servicing must be stored in a manner that protects them from weather and provides containment should leaks occur. Spreading or Injection of Reclaimed Water. Water reuse projects for reclaimed water must be in accordance with the adopted water or sewer comprehensive plans that have been approved by the departments of Ecology and Health. Surface spreading must meet the ground water recharge criteria given in Chapter 90.46.080 RCW and Chapter 90.46.010(10). Direct injection must be in accordance with the standards developed by authority of Chapter 90.46.042 RCW. State and Federal Regulations. The uses listed below shall be conditioned as necessary to protect critical aquifer recharge areas in accordance with the applicable state and federal regulations: Statutes, Regulations, and Guidance Pertaining to Activities Impacting Ground Water Activity Statute - Regulation - Guidance Above Ground Storage Tanks Chapter 173-303-640 WAC Animal Feedlots Chapter 173-216 WAC, Chapter 173-220 WAC Automobile Washers Chapter 173-216 WAC, Best Management Practices for Vehicle and Equipment Discharges (WDOE WQ-R-95- 56) Below Ground Storage Tanks Chapter 173-360 WAC Chemical Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities Chapter 173-303-182 WAC Hazardous Waste Generator (Boat Repair Shops, Biological Research Facility, Dry Cleaners, Furniture Stripping, Motor Vehicle Service Garages, Chapter 173-303 WAC ---PAGE BREAK--- Photographic Processing, Printing and Publishing Shops, etc.) Injection Wells Federal 40 CFR Parts 144 and 146, Chapter 173-218 WAC Junk Yards and Salvage Yards Chapter 173-304 WAC, Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution at Vehicles Recycler Facilities (WDOE 94-146) Oil and Gas Drilling Chapter 332-12-450 WAC, WAC, Chapter 173-218 WAC On-Site Sewage Systems (Large Scale) Chapter 173-240 WAC On-Site Sewage Systems 14,500 gal/day) Chapter 246-272 WAC, Local Health Ordinances Pesticide Storage and Use Chapter 15.54 RCW, Chapter 17.21 RCW Sawmills Chapter 173-303 WAC, 173-304 WAC, Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution at Log Yards (WDOE 95-53) Solid Waste Handling and Recycling Facilities Chapter 173-304 WAC Surface Mining Chapter 332-18-015 WAC Waste Water Application to Land Surface Chapter 173-216 WAC, Chapter 173-200 WAC, WDOE Land Application Guidelines, Best Management Practices for Irrigated Agriculture 3.060: Uses Prohibited From Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas. The following activities and uses are prohibited in critical aquifer recharge areas (prohibited uses are based on "Guidance Document for the Establishment of Critical Aquifer Recharge Area Ordinances," by Ecology, July 2000, Publication #97-30): Landfills. Landfills, including hazardous or dangerous waste, municipal solid waste, special waste, wood waste, and inert and demolition waste landfills; Underground Injection Wells. Class I, III, and IV wells and subclasses 5F01, 5D03, 5F04, 5W09, 5W10, 5W11, 5W31, 5X13, 5X14, 5X15, 5W20, 5X28, and 5N24 of Class V wells (Chapter 173-218 WAC). ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A-2 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 4 CRITICAL AREAS—FREQUENTLY FLOODED AREAS 4.010: Classification. The flood areas in the City of Kennewick are classified as either one of two types: Floodway: Floodways are defined as the channel of a stream and adjacent land areas which are required to carry and discharge the flood water or flood flows of any river or stream associated with a regulatory flood. Flood Fringe: The flood fringe is defined as that land area which is outside a stream's floodway, but is subject to periodic inundation due to flooding, associated with a regulatory flood. These flood areas have been accurately delineated based on hydrologic and hydraulic studies completed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in 1981, and as subsequently revised and amended. The methodology and detail of these studies is accepted as the best available. 4.020: Designation. All areas within the City meeting the frequently flooded designation criteria in the Identification and Delineation Manual, regardless of any formal identification, are hereby designated critical areas and are subject to the provisions of this Title. The approximate location and extent of frequently flooded areas are shown on the adopted Critical Areas Map (Exhibit 3, or the latest revision of this map). Maps from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as part of the National Flood Insurance Program (completed May, 1981; last revised June 15, 1994), clearly delineate frequently flooded areas. The present boundaries of the floodway and 100-year floodplain are those designated on the flood boundary and floodway maps contained in the Federal Emergency Management Agency report entitled, "Flood Insurance Study - City of Kennewick, Washington" (completed May, 1981; last revised June 15, 1994) and areas of special flood hazard outlined on the City of Kennewick Zoning Map. 4.030: Regulation. KMC Title 15 (Buildings and Construction) and KMC Chapter 18.66 (Flood Damage Protection) of the City of Kennewick Code regulate proposed activities adjacent to or within frequently flooded areas. If allowed, any structures permitted in the designated flood areas are subject to the floodproofing regulations provided in KMC Title 15 and KMC Chapter 18.66. ---PAGE BREAK--- APPENDIX A-2 CHAPTER 5 CRITICAL AREAS—GEOLOGICALLY HAZARDOUS AREAS 5.010: Designation of Geologically Hazardous Areas. Geologically hazardous areas include areas susceptible to erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geological events. They pose a threat to the health and safety of citizens when incompatible development is sited in areas of significant hazard. Such incompatible development may not only place itself at risk, but also may increase the hazard to surrounding development and use. Areas susceptible to one or more of the following types of hazards shall be designated as a geologically hazardous area (See WAC 365-190-080(4)(a)): Erosion hazard; Landslide hazard; Seismic hazard; Extreme slope hazard; Other geological events including mass wasting, debris flows, rock falls, and differential settlement. 5.020: Designation of Specific Hazard Areas. Erosion Hazard Areas. Erosion hazard areas are those areas identified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) as having a "moderate to severe," "severe," or "very severe" rill and inter-rill erosion hazard (see WAC 365-190-080(4)(c). Rill erosion tends to occur on slopes, particularly steep slopes with easily-erodable soils or poor vegetation. Erosion hazard areas also include those areas with slope greater than 15 percent. Landslide Hazard Areas. Landslide hazard areas are areas potentially subject to landslides based on a combination of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors. They include areas susceptible because of any combination of bedrock, soil, slope (gradient), slope aspect, structure, hydrology, or other factors. Example of these may include, but are not limited to the following: Areas of historic failures, such as (see WAC 365-190-070(4)(d)(i)): Those areas delineated by the USDA-NRCS as having a "severe" limitation for building site development for factors other than slope for one or more types of building development; (ii) Those areas mapped by the Department of Ecology (Coastal Zone Atlas) or the Department of Natural Resources (slope stability mapping) as unstable or class unstable old slides ("UOS" or class or unstable recent slides ("URS" or class or (iii) Areas designated as quaternary slumps, mudflows, lahars, or landslides on maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey or Department of Natural Resources; Areas with all three of the following characteristics (see WAC 365-190-080(4)(d)(ii)): Slopes steeper than 15 percent; and (ii) Hillsides intersecting geologic contacts with a relatively permeable sediment overlying a relatively impermeable sediment or bedrock; and ---PAGE BREAK--- (iii) Springs or ground water seepage; Slopes that are parallel or subparallel to planes of weakness (such as bedding planes, joint systems, and fault planes) in subsurface materials (see WAC 365-190-080(4)(d)(iv)); Slopes having gradients steeper than 80 percent subject to rock fall during seismic shaking (see WAC 365-190-080(4(d)(v)); Areas potentially unstable because of rapid stream incision, stream bank erosion, and undercutting by wave action (see WAC 365-190-080(4)(d)(vi)); Areas located in a canyon or on an active alluvial fan, presently or potentially subject to inundation by debris flows or catastrophic flooding (see WAC 365-190-080(4)(d)(vii)); and Any area with a slope of 40 percent or steeper and with a vertical relief of ten or more feet except areas composed of consolidated rock. A slope is delineated by establishing its toe and top and measured by averaging the inclination over at least ten feet of vertical relief (see WAC 365- 190-080(4)(d)(ix)). Seismic Hazard Areas. Seismic hazard areas are areas subject to severe risk of damage as a result of earthquake induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil liquefaction, lateral spreading, or surface faulting. One indicator of potential for future earthquake damage is a record of earthquake damage in the past. Ground shaking is the primary cause of earthquake damage in Washington. The strength of ground shaking is primarily affected by (see WAC 365-180-080(4)(e)): The magnitude of an earthquake; The distance from the source of an earthquake; The type of thickness of geologic materials at the surface; and The type of subsurface geologic structure. Settlement and soil liquefaction conditions occur in areas underlain by cohesionless, loose, or soft- saturated soils of low density, typically in association with a shallow ground water table. Extreme Slope Hazard Areas. Extreme slope hazard areas have severe erosion potential and a high probability of slope failure and landslide occurrence. Other Hazard Areas. Geologically hazardous areas shall also include areas determined by the Planning Director to be susceptible to other geological events including mass wasting, debris flows, rock falls, and differential settlement. 5.030: Classification of Geologically Hazardous Areas. The level of risk for each geologic hazard type is described in this section. Documentation of specific areas in which a known or suspected risk exists for each of the following hazard areas is provided in the City Critical Areas Map (see Exhibit 4: Geologically Hazardous Areas). The provisions of this Title apply only to those areas for which a known or suspected risk exists. Classification Documentation and Data Sources Known or Suspected Risk Documentation or projection of the hazard by a qualified professional exists. Low or No Risk Documentation exists by a qualified professional regarding low hazard risk or lack of hazard. Risk Unknown Documentation, data, or projection of the hazard risk by a qualified professional are not available or sufficient to determine the presence or absence of a geologic hazard. ---PAGE BREAK--- Erosion hazard areas - Known or suspected risk in steep areas. Landslide hazard areas - Known or suspected risk in areas with slope > 15 percent. Seismic hazard areas - Low or no risk. Extreme slope hazard areas - Known or suspected risk in areas with slope > 40 percent. Other hazard areas - Other geologically hazardous areas may be designated by the City if documentation thereof is available. 5.040: Mapping of Geologically Hazardous Areas. The approximate location and extent of geologically hazardous areas containing known or suspected risk are shown on the adopted Critical Areas Map (Exhibit 4, or latest version of this map). The hazard areas outlined on this map are based on the following data: USGS 10-meter Digital Elevation Model (slope); USDA Soil Survey of Benton County Area, Washington; Additional data as determined necessary by the City. This map is to be used as a guide for the City, project applicants and/or property owners, and may be updated as new information becomes available. It is a reference and does not provide a final critical area designation. 5.050: Activities Allowed in Geologically Hazardous Areas. The following activities are allowed in geologically hazardous areas pursuant to Appendix A-2 Section 1.110, and do not require submission of a critical area report provided that the activity will not increase the risk of the hazard: Erosion and Landslide Hazard Areas. Except as otherwise provided for in this Title, only those activities approved and permitted consistent with the critical area report in accordance with this Title shall be allowed in erosion or landslide hazard areas. Extreme Slope Hazard Areas. Installation of fences may be allowed within an extreme slope hazard area. Other Hazard Areas. The following activities may be allowed within other geologically hazardous areas: Construction of new buildings with less than 3,500 square feet of floor area or roof area, whichever is greater, and which are not residential structures or used as places of employment or public assembly; Additions to existing residences that are 250 square feet or less; and Installation of fences. ---PAGE BREAK--- 5.060: Critical Area Report—Additional Requirements for Geologically Hazardous Areas. Prepared By a Qualified Professional. A critical areas report for a geologically hazardous area shall be prepared by a geotechnical engineer or geologist, licensed in the state of Washington, with experience analyzing geologic, hydrologic, and ground water flow systems; or by a geologist who earns his or her livelihood from the field of geology and/or geotechnical analysis, with experience analyzing geologic, hydrologic and ground water flow systems, who has experience preparing reports for the relevant type of hazard. Preparation of these reports by a state of Washington registered geologist is preferred. Area Addressed in Critical Area Report. The following areas shall be addressed in a critical area report for geologically hazardous areas: The project area of the proposed activity; and All geologically hazardous areas within 200 feet of the project area or that have potential to be affected by the proposal. Geotechnical Assessment. A critical area report for a geologically hazardous area shall contain an assessment of geological hazards including the following site and proposal-related information at a minimum: Site and Construction Plans. The report shall include a copy of the site plans for the proposal showing: The type and extent of geologic hazard areas, and any other critical areas, and buffers on, adjacent to, within 200 feet of, or that are likely to impact the proposal; (ii) Proposed development, including the location of existing and proposed structures, fill, storage of materials, and drainage facilities, with dimensions indicating distances to the floodplain; (iii) The topography, in two-foot contours, of the project area and all hazard areas addressed in the report; and (iv) Clearing limits. Assessment of Geological Characteristics. The report shall include an assessment of the geologic characteristics and engineering properties of the soils, sediments, and/or rock of the project area and potentially affected adjacent properties, and a review of the site history regarding landslides, erosion, and prior grading. Soils analysis shall be accomplished in accordance with accepted taxonomic classification systems in use in the region. The assessment shall include, but not be limited to: A description of the surface and subsurface geology, hydrology, soils, and vegetation found in the project area and in all hazard areas addressed in the report; (ii) A detailed overview of the field investigations, published data and references; data and conclusions from past assessments of the site; and site specific measurements, test, investigations, or studies that support the identification of geologically hazardous areas; and (iii) A description of the vulnerability of the site to seismic and other geologic events. Analysis of Proposal. The report shall contain a geotechnical analysis including a detailed description of the project, its relationship to the geologic hazard(s), and its potential impact upon the hazard area, the subject property and affected adjacent properties; and Minimum Buffer and Building Setback. The report shall make a recommendation for the minimum no-disturbance buffer and minimum building setback from any geologic hazard based upon the geotechnical analysis. ---PAGE BREAK--- Incorporation of Previous Study. Where a valid geotechnical report has been prepared within the last five years for a specific site, and where the proposed land use activity and surrounding site conditions are unchanged, said report may be incorporated into the required critical area report. The applicant shall submit a geotechnical assessment detailing any changed environmental conditions associated with the site. Mitigation of Long-Term Impacts. When hazard mitigation is required, the mitigation plan shall specifically address how the activity maintains or reduces the pre-existing level of risk to the site and adjacent properties on a long-term basis (equal to or exceeding the projected lifespan of the activity or occupation). Proposed mitigation techniques shall be considered to provide long-term hazard reduction only if they do not require regular maintenance or other actions to maintain their function. Mitigation may also be required to avoid any increase in risk above the pre-existing conditions following abandonment of the activity. 5.070: Critical Area Report—Additional Requirements for Specific Hazards. In addition to the general critical area report requirements of Appendix A-2 Section 1.140, critical area reports for geologically hazardous areas must meet the requirements of this Section. Critical area reports for two or more types of critical areas must meet the report requirements for each relevant type of critical area. Erosion, Landslide and Extreme Slope Hazard Areas. In addition to the basic critical area report requirements, a critical area report for an erosion hazard or landslide hazard area shall include the following information at a minimum: Site Plan. The report shall include a copy of the site plan for the proposal showing: The height of slope, slope gradient, and cross section of the project area; (ii) The location of springs, seeps, or other surface expressions of ground water on or within 200 feet of the project area or that have potential to be affected by the proposal (a distance of 200 feet is suggested so that geological features that might affect the proposal are included in the critical area report. It may be necessary to include features further than 200 feet from the project area in some instances, such as a series of related geological features that extend more than 20 feet); and (iii) The location and description of surface water runoff. Geotechnical Analysis. The geotechnical analysis shall specifically include: A description of the extent and type of vegetative cover; (ii) An estimate of load capacity including surface and ground water conditions, public and private sewage disposal systems, fills and excavations and all structural development; (iii) An estimate of slope stability and the effect construction and placement of structures will have on the slope over the estimated life of the structure; (iv) An estimate of the bluff retreat rate that recognizes and reflects potential catastrophic events such as seismic activity or a 100-year storm event; Consideration of the run-out hazard of landslide debris and/or the impacts of landslide run- out on down slope properties. (vi) A study of slope stability including an analysis of proposed angles of cut and fill and site grading; (vii) Recommendations for building limitations, structural foundations, and an estimate of foundation settlement; ---PAGE BREAK--- (viii) An analysis of proposed surface and subsurface drainage, and the vulnerability of the site to erosion; Erosion and Sediment Control Plan. For any development proposal on a site containing an erosion hazard area, an erosion and sediment control plan shall be required. The erosion and sediment control plan shall be prepared in compliance with requirements set forth in the City's Construction Standards; Drainage Plan. The report shall include a drainage plan for the collection, transport, treatment, discharge and/or recycle of water. The drainage plan should consider on-site septic system disposal volumes where the additional volume will affect the erosion or landslide hazard area. Mitigation Plans. Hazard and environmental mitigation plans for erosion and landslide hazard areas shall include the location and methods of drainage, surface water management, locations and methods of erosion control, a vegetation management and/or replanting plan and/or other means for maintaining long-term soil stability. Monitoring Surface Waters. If the Planning Director determines that there is a significant risk of damage to receiving waters due to potential erosion from the site, based on the size of the project, the proximity to the receiving waters, or the sensitivity of the receiving waters, the critical area report shall include a plan to monitor the surface water discharge from the site. The monitoring plan shall include a recommended schedule for submitting monitoring reports to the City. Other Geologically Hazardous Areas. In addition to the basic report requirements, the Planning Director may require additional information to be included in the critical area report when determined to be necessary to the review the proposed activity and the subject hazard. Additional information that may be required, includes, but is not limited to: Site Plan. The site plan shall show all hazard areas located within 200 feet of the project area or that have potential to be affected by the proposal; and Geotechnical Analysis. The geotechnical analysis shall include a complete discussion of the potential impacts of the hazard on the project area and of the proposal on the hazard. 5.080: Performance Standards—General Requirements. Alterations of geologically hazardous areas or associated buffers may only occur for activities that: Will not increase the threat of the geological hazard to adjacent properties beyond pre- development conditions; Will not adversely impact other critical areas; Are designed so that the hazard to the project is eliminated or mitigated to a level equal to or less than pre-development conditions; and Are determined to be safe as designed and under anticipated conditions by a qualified engineer or geologist, licensed in the state of Washington. Critical facilities shall not be sited within geologically hazardous areas unless there is no other practical alternative. In addition to the provisions of this Title, alterations of geologically hazardous areas or associated buffers must conform to City Construction Standards and building codes. ---PAGE BREAK--- 5.090: Performance Standards—Specific Hazards. Erosion and Landslide Hazard Areas. Activities on sites containing erosion or landslide hazards shall meet the following requirements: Buffer Required. A buffer shall be established from all edges of erosion or landslide hazard areas. The size of the buffer shall be determined by the Planning Director to eliminate or minimize the risk of property damage, death or injury resulting from erosion and landslides caused in whole or part by the development, based upon review of and concurrence with a critical area report prepared by a qualified professional. Minimum Buffer. The minimum buffer shall be equal to the height of the slope or 50 feet, whichever is greater. (ii) Buffer Reduction. The buffer may be reduced to a minimum of ten feet when a qualified professional demonstrates to the Planning Director's satisfaction that the reduction will adequately protect the proposed development, adjacent developments and uses and the subject critical area. (iii) Increased Buffer. The buffer may be increased where the Planning Director determines a larger buffer is necessary to prevent risk of damage to proposed and existing development. Alterations. Alterations of an erosion or landslide hazard area and/or buffer may only occur for activities for which a geotechnical analysis is submitted and determines that: The development will not increase surface water discharge or sedimentation to adjacent properties beyond pre-development conditions; (ii) The development will not decrease slope stability on adjacent properties; and (iii) Such alterations will not adversely impact other critical areas. Construction Standards. Development within an erosion or landslide hazard area and/or buffer shall be designed to meet the following basic requirements unless it can be demonstrated that an alternative design that deviates from one or more of these standards provides greater long-term slope stability while meeting all other provisions of this Title. The requirement for long-term slope stability shall exclude designs that require regular and periodic maintenance to maintain their level of function. In addition to those requirements outlined in Section 5.080, the basic development Construction Standards within geologically hazardous areas are: The proposed development shall not decrease the factor of safety for landslide occurrences below the limits of 1.5 for static conditions and 1.2 for dynamic conditions. Analysis of dynamic conditions shall be based on a minimum horizontal acceleration as established by the current version of the Uniform Building Code. (ii) Structures and improvements shall be clustered to avoid geologically hazardous areas and other critical areas; (iii) Structures and improvements shall minimize alterations to the natural contour of the slope and foundations shall be tiered where possible to conform to existing topography; (iv) Structures and improvements shall be located to preserve the most critical portion of the site and its natural landforms and vegetation; The proposed development shall not result in greater risk or a need for increased buffers on neighboring properties; (vi) The use of retaining walls that allow the maintenance of existing natural slope area is preferred over graded artificial slopes; ---PAGE BREAK--- (vii) Development shall be designed to minimize impervious lot coverage. Vegetation Shall be Retained. Unless otherwise provided or as part of an approved alteration, removal of vegetation from an erosion or landslide hazard area or related buffer shall be prohibited; Utility Lines and Pipes. Utility lines and pipes shall be permitted in erosion and landslide hazard areas only when the applicant demonstrates that no other practical alternative is available. The line or pipe shall be located above ground and properly anchored and/or designed so that it will continue to function in the event of an underlying slide. Stormwater conveyance shall be allowed only through a high-density polyethylene pipe with fuse-welded joints, or similar product that is technically equal or superior. Point Discharges. Point discharges from surface water facilities and roof drains onto or upstream from an erosion or landslide hazard area shall be prohibited except as follows: Conveyed via continuous storm pipe downslope to a point where there are no erosion hazards areas from the discharge; (ii) Discharged at flow durations matching predeveloped conditions, with adequate energy dissipation, into existing channels that previously conveyed stormwater runoff in the predeveloped state; or (iii) Dispersed discharge upslope of the steep slope onto a low-gradient undisturbed buffer demonstrated to be adequate to infiltrate all surface and stormwater runoff, and where it can be demonstrated that such discharge will not increase the saturation of the slope; Subdivisions. The division of land in erosion and landslide hazard areas and associated buffers is subject to the following: Land that is located wholly within an erosion or landslide hazard area or its buffer may not be subdivided. Land that is located partially within an erosion or landslide hazard area or its buffer may be divided provided that each resulting lot has sufficient buildable area outside of, and will not affect, the erosion or landslide hazard or its buffer. (ii) Access roads and utilities may be permitted within the erosion or landslide hazard area and associated buffers if the City determines that no other feasible alternative exists. Prohibited Development. On-site sewage disposal systems, including drain fields, shall be prohibited within erosion and landslide hazard areas and related buffers. Extreme Slope Hazard Areas. Activities on sites containing extreme slope hazards shall be considered unbuildable. This includes, but is not limited to, construction of buildings, sewage disposal systems and roads. Construction of facilities shall not be permitted in extreme slope hazard areas unless under an exception provided consistent with Appendix A-2 Section 1.120 of this Title. If an exception is granted, the provisions of Sections 5.080 and 5.090(1) must be satisfied. Other hazard areas. Activities on sites containing or adjacent to seismic or other geologically hazardous areas, shall meet the standards of Section 5.080. ---PAGE BREAK--- CHAPTER 6 CRITICAL AREAS—FISH AND WILDLIFE HABITAT CONSERVATION AREAS 6.010: Designation of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas. Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas include: Areas where state or federal designated endangered, threatened, and sensitive species have a primary association. Federal designated endangered and threatened species are those fish, wildlife, and plant species identified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service that are in danger of extinction or threatened to become endangered. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service should be consulted as necessary for current listing status. (ii) State designated endangered, threatened, and sensitive species are those fish, wildlife and plant species native to the state of Washington identified by the state Department of Fish and Wildlife, that are in danger of extinction, threatened to become endangered, vulnerable, or declining and are likely to become endangered or threatened in a significant portion of their range within the state without cooperative management or removal of threats. State designated endangered, threatened, and sensitive species are periodically recorded in WAC 232-12-014 (state endangered species), and WAC 232-12-011 (state threatened and sensitive species). The state Department of Fish and Wildlife maintains the most current listing and should be consulted as necessary for current listing status. (iii) A combined list of federal and state identified species having the potential to be within the City of Kennewick area is included in Appendix A. State Priority Habitats and Areas Associated With State Priority Species. Priority habitats and species are considered to be priorities for conservation and management. Priority species require protective measures for their perpetuation due to their population status, sensitivity to habitat alteration, and/or recreational, commercial, or tribal importance. Priority habitats are those habitat types or elements with unique or significant value to a diverse assemblage of species. A priority habitat may consist of a unique vegetation type or dominant plant species, a described successional stage, or a specific structural element. Priority habitats and species are identified by the state Department of Fish and Wildlife. A state list of priority habitats is included in Appendix A. Habitats and Species of Local Importance. Habitats and species of local importance are those identified by the City, including those that possess unusual or unique habitat warranting protection because of qualitative species diversity or habitat system health indicators (see map, Exhibit 1, or the latest revision of this map and Appendix A, both on file in the Kennewick Planning Department). Naturally Occurring Ponds Under 20 Acres. Naturally occurring ponds are those ponds under 20 acres and their submerged aquatic beds that provide fish or wildlife habitat, including those artificial ponds intentionally created from dry areas in order to mitigate impacts to ponds. Naturally occurring ponds do not include ponds deliberately designed and created from dry sites, such as canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, temporary construction ponds, and landscape amenities, unless such artificial ponds were intentionally created for mitigation. ---PAGE BREAK--- Waters of the State. Waters of the state includes lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, inland waters, underground waters, salt waters, and all other surface waters and watercourses within the jurisdiction of the state of Washington, as classified in WAC 222-16-031. Lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers planted with game fish by a governmental or tribal entity. State natural area preserves and natural resource conservation areas. Natural area preserves and natural resource conservation areas are defined, established, and managed by the state Department of Natural Resources. Land essential for preserving eco-connectivity between habitat blocks and open spaces. All areas within the City meeting one or more of these criteria, regardless of any formal identification, are hereby designated critical areas and are subject to the provisions of this Title. Mapping. The approximate location and extent of conservation areas are shown on the critical area map adopted by the City (Exhibit 1: or latest version of this map), and as most recently updated and the following critical area maps hereby adopted: Department of Fish and Wildlife Priority Habitat and Species Maps; Resident salmonid distribution maps contained in the Habitat Limiting Factors Reports published by the Washington Conservation Commission; Department of Natural Resources State Natural Area Preserves and Natural Resource Conservation Area Maps; and Additional data as determined necessary by the City. The City of Kennewick Critical Areas Map is to be used as a guide for the City, project applicants and/or property owners, and may be continuously updated as new critical areas are identified. In some instances, it is a reference and does not provide a final critical area designation. 6.020: Critical Area Report—Additional Requirements for Habitat Conservation Areas. Prepared by a Qualified Professional. A critical areas report for a habitat conservation area shall be prepared by a qualified professional who is a biologist with experience preparing reports for the relevant type of habitat. Area Addressed in Critical Area Report. The following topics shall be addressed in a critical area report for habitat conservation areas (The distance of 200 feet is suggested to account for buffers/zones that may not be accurately mapped at the time of application): The project area of the proposed activity; All habitat conservation areas and recommended buffers within 200 feet of the project area; and All shoreline areas, floodplains, and other critical areas, and related buffers within 200 feet of the project area. Habitat Assessment. A habitat assessment is an investigation of the project area to evaluate the presence or absence of a potential critical fish, wildlife, or plant species or habitat. A critical area report for a habitat conservation area shall contain an assessment of habitats including the following site and proposal-related information at a minimum: Detailed description of vegetation on and adjacent to the project area; Identification of any species of local importance, priority species and habitats (PHS), or endangered, threatened, sensitive or candidate species that have a primary association with ---PAGE BREAK--- habitat on or adjacent to the project area, and assessment of potential project impacts to the use of the site by the species; A discussion of any federal, state, or local special management recommendations, including Department of Fish and Wildlife habitat management recommendations, that have been developed for species or habitats located on or adjacent to the project area; A discussion of measures, including avoidance, minimization and mitigation, proposed to preserve existing habitats or restore any habitat that was degraded prior to the current proposed land use activity and to be conducted in accordance with Appendix A-2 Section 1.170; and A discussion of ongoing management practices that will protect habitat after the project site has been developed, including proposed monitoring and maintenance programs. Additional Information May be Required. When appropriate due to the type of habitat or species present or the project area conditions, the City may also require the habitat management plan to include: An evaluation by the Department of Fish and Wildlife or qualified expert regarding the applicant's analysis and the effectiveness of any proposed mitigating measures or programs, to include any recommendations as appropriate; An evaluation by the local Native American Indian Tribe; and Detailed surface and subsurface hydrologic features both on and adjacent to the site. 6.030: Performance Standards—General Requirements. Alterations shall not degrade the functions and values of habitat. A habitat conservation area may be altered only if the proposed alteration of the habitat or the mitigation proposed does not degrade the quantitative and qualitative functions and values of the habitat. All new structures and land alterations shall be prohibited from habitat conservation areas, except in accordance with this Title. Non-indigenous species shall not be introduced. No plant, wildlife, or fish species not indigenous to the region shall be introduced into a habitat conservation area unless authorized by a state or federal permit or approval. Mitigation shall result in contiguous corridors. Mitigation sites shall try to achieve contiguous functioning habitat corridors in accordance with a mitigation plan that is part of the critical area report to minimize the isolating effects of development on habitat areas, so long as mitigation of aquatic habitat is located within the same aquatic ecosystem as the area disturbed. Approvals of activities may be conditioned. The City shall condition approvals of activities allowed within or adjacent to a habitat conservation area or its buffers, as necessary to minimize or mitigate any potential adverse impacts. Conditions may include, but are not limited to, the following: Establishment of buffer zones; Preservation of critically important vegetation; Limitation of access to the habitat area, including fencing to deter unauthorized access; Seasonal restriction of construction activities; Establishment of a duration and timetable for periodic review of mitigation activities; and Requirement of a performance bond, when necessary, to ensure completion and success of proposed mitigation. ---PAGE BREAK--- Subdivisions. The subdivision and short subdivision of land in fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas and associated buffers is subject to a "take" under the following provisions: Land that is located wholly within a habitat conservation area or its buffer may not be subdivided. Land that is located partially within a habitat conservation area or its buffer may be divided provided that an accessible and contiguous portion of each new lot is located outside of the habitat conservation area or its buffer and meets the minimum lot size requirements of City's Zoning Code - Title 18 and Subdivision Code - Title 17. Access roads and utilities serving the proposed may be permitted within the habitat conservation area and associated buffers only if the City determines that no other feasible alternative exists and when consistent with this Title. 6.040: Performance Standards—Specific Habitats. Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive Species. No development shall be allowed within a habitat conservation area or buffer with which state or federal endangered, threatened, or sensitive species have a primary association. Whenever activities are proposed adjacent to a habitat conservation area with which state or federally endangered, threatened, or sensitive species have a primary association, such area shall be protected through the application of protection measures in accordance with a critical area report prepared by a qualified professional and submitted to the City. Approval for alteration of land adjacent to the habitat conservation area or its buffer shall not occur prior to consultation with the Department of Fish and Wildlife and the appropriate federal agency. Bald eagle habitat shall be protected pursuant to the Washington State Bald Eagle Protection Rules (WAC 232-12-292). Whenever activities are proposed adjacent to a verified nest territory or communal roost, a habitat management plan shall be developed by a qualified professional. Activities are adjacent to bald eagle sites when they are within 800 feet, or within a quarter mile (2,640 feet) and in a shoreline foraging area. The City shall verify the location of eagle management areas for each proposed activity. Approval of the activity shall not occur prior to approval of the habitat management plan by the Department of Fish and Wildlife. Wetland Habitats. All proposed activities within or adjacent to habitat conservation areas containing wetlands shall, at a minimum, conform to the wetland development performance standards set forth in Appendix A-2 Chapter 2, in addition to meeting the habitat conservation area standards in this Chapter. Riparian Habitat Areas. Unless otherwise allowed in this Title, all structures and activities shall be located outside of the riparian habitat areas (RHAs). Establishment of Riparian Habitat Areas. RHAs shall be established for habitats that include aquatic systems. Riparian Habitat Area Widths. Recommended RHA widths are shown in the table below. A riparian habitat area shall have the width recommended, unless a greater width is required pursuant to Appendix A-2 Section 2.030(3), or a lesser width is allowed pursuant to Appendix A-2 Section 2.030(4). Widths shall be measured outward, on the horizontal plane, from the ordinary high water mark or from the top of bank if the ordinary high water mark cannot be identified. Riparian areas should be sufficiently wide to achieve the full range of riparian and aquatic ecosystem functions, which include but are not limited to protection of instream fish habitat through control of temperature and sedimentation in streams; preservation of fish and wildlife ---PAGE BREAK--- habitat; and connection of riparian wildlife habitat to other habitats. (Recommended riparian habitat widths are adapted from Department of Fish and Wildlife "Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority Habitats: Riparian," 1997.) Riparian Habitat Areas Stream/Type Recommended RHA Widths Columbia River/McNary Pool Shoreline (Shoreline of Statewide Significance) - Levee (limited to no riparian habitat function) (Riparian function based upon HDR analysis (2007) and review of existing shoreline function for Columbia River/McNary Pool levee, armored and unarmored shoreline) 25 feet* - Armored Shoreline (limited to no riparian habitat function) 25 feet* - Unarmored Shoreline (limited to moderate potential for habitat function) 75 feet* Type 3 or other perennial or fish bearing streams (Family Fishing Pond inlet and CID return near Kiwanis Building in Columbia Park)** 75 feet* Types 4 and 5 (Upper Amon) 50 feet* *Note 1: Stormwater handling in areas adjacent to riparian areas will be controlled consistent with requirements in the Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington (Ecology 2004), and will be protective of shoreline riparian function. **Note 2: Columbia Park campground drainage and duck ponds would likely become Type 3 waters if reconnected to the Columbia River as identified in the City's Shoreline Program Restoration Plan (HDR 2006). ---PAGE BREAK--- 17099 Shoreline inventory_new.qxd 9/12/2005 11:54 AM Page 1 Appendix A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2805 St. Andrews Loop, Suite A Pasco, Washington 99301 (509) 546-2040 17099 Shoreline inventory_new.qxd 9/12/2005 11:55 AM Page 2 Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---     
  1.1 Shoreline History 1.2 Present Shoreline Conditions   Methods and     Agency and Tribal   Inventory Requirements and Data 4.1 Inventory Documents   Shoreline Map Segments    Shoreline Distinctions Based on Existing Land  Shoreline Areas Defined by Environmental Features     Future Demands and  9.1 Degraded Columbia River Shoreline Areas (West to East) 9.2 Restoration 9.3 Restoration Priority and Possible 9.4 Existing Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Projects and
  Recommendations – Preliminary Environmental Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---     Exhibit 1: Kennewick Shoreline Study Vicinity Map Exhibit 1a: Kennewick Shoreline Study Site Map Exhibit 2a: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (1 of Exhibit 2b: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (2 of 3) Exhibit 2c: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (3 of Exhibit 2d: Kennewick Shoreline Study Levee A and Clover Exhibit 2e: Kennewick Shoreline Study Levee Exhibit 3a: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (1 of Exhibit 3b: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (2 of 3) Exhibit 3c: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (3 of Exhibit 3d: Kennewick Shoreline Study Levee A and Clover Exhibit 3e: Kennewick Shoreline Study Levee B and Environmental Features Exhibit 4a: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (1 of 3) Future Land Use - Exhibit 4b: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (2 of 3) Future Land Use - Exhibit 4c: Kennewick Shoreline Study Park (3 of 3) Future Land Use - Exhibit 4d: Levee A and Clover Island – Future Land Use - Exhibit 4e: Kennewick Shoreline Study Levee B and Future Land Use - Exhibit 5: Kennewick Shoreline Study Restoration Opportunities Exhibit 6: Kennewick Shoreline Study Preliminary Environmental Designations  Figure 1: Potential Future Development for the Kennewick Shoreline between the Cable and Blue Figure 2: Clover Island Draft Master Picture 1: First Automobile Bridge (1922) Picture 2: River Drive Picture 3: Columbia River before the McNary Dam (UDAT, 2003) Picture 4: Columbia River after McNary Dam (Looking Towards Clover Island/Pasco).........4 Picture 5: Rural Land Use within City of Kennewick Urban Growth Boundaries..................32 Picture 6: Environmental Feature Area Picture 7: Environmental Feature Area 4A– Trash Collector at Kiwanis Camp Ground Wastewater Channel – Shoreline Segment Picture 8: Environmental Feature Area 4B – Wetland Shoreline Segment B Picture 9: Environmental Feature Area 4B – Wetland Shoreline Segment B Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---     Picture 10: Environmental Features Area 2C –Golf Course Shoreline Segment Picture 11: Environmental Features Area 2C – Driving Range Segment Picture 12: Environmental Features Area 4D – Levee Shoreline Segment D Picture 13: Environmental Features Area 5D – East End of Clover Island Segment Picture 14: Environmental Features Area 6D– Residential Area on the South Side of Duffy’s Pond Segment Picture 15: Environmental Features Area 3E – Levee Section East of Clover Island and Cable Bridge Segment E Picture 16: Riprap   Table 1: Agency Table 2a: Key Document and Relationship to the Ecology Table 2b: Documentation and Relationship to the Ecology Checklist Table 3: Shoreline Segments Table 4: Shoreline Area Table 5: Restoration Table 6: Summary of Land Use and Ecological Function within General Shoreline Map Segments    Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  


  
The City of Kennewick (City) established their Shoreline Master Program in 1974 consistent with the requirements of Chapter 90.58 RCW and guidelines prepared by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology). Since the mid 1990’s Kennewick has been planning under the provisions of the Growth Management Act (GMA) and as required, protecting critical areas through a Critical Areas Ordinance. Guidelines and requirements under both of these regulatory programs have changed recently, and as a result, the City has undertaken updates to both sets of regulations. The process within the new Ecology Shoreline Master Program Guidelines (January, 2004), includes elements of agency and public involvement, assessment of data and establishment of a shoreline “inventory,” a process to designate appropriate protective regulations and restoration programs, and a requirement for a shoreline restoration plan as appropriate. The purpose of this Report is to provide the baseline inventory of shorelines as required by the guidelines. The inventory includes the following elements:
An inventory of shoreline conditions including land use, public access, and environmentally sensitive areas;
A map portfolio of these data layers displayed at the appropriate scale, and
An analysis report that analyzes the information and data collected as it relates to development of an effective Shoreline Master Program.  Kennewick’s industry, culture and history are tied to the Columbia River in many ways. The Columbia River shoreline in Kennewick was first used by the local Tribes as a place to fish and hunt during the winter months. The name Kennewick was interpreted from a Native American name meaning “grassy place.” The Columbia River provided refuge in the winter as well as transportation for local Tribes and eventually European settlers. River and railway transportation are the primary threads which tie the Columbia River to the City of Kennewick. Transportation technology allows people to cross the river by train and automobile as well as navigate ships up and down the Columbia. River oriented transportation in Kennewick has created opportunities for growth in agriculture, recreation, travel, tourism and business. The first railway bridge in Kennewick was completed in 1888 and the first Pasco- Kennewick bridge for automobiles was completed in 1922 (Picture This 1922 automobile bridge was replaced by the existing Cable Bridge in 1978. Also, during the late 19th- and early 20th Century, the River Drive was established along the Columbia River where Columbia Park Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  now exists (Picture This road connected Kennewick with what is currently the City of Richland. The Columbia River was also changed by the technological advances in transportation. The McNary Dam was built between 1947 and 1954, causing significant physical changes to the Columbia River and Kennewick Shoreline. The major change was the creation of Lake Wallula behind the dam (Pictures 3 and The filling of Lake Wallula changed the Columbia River’s depth, path, and velocity. Peak flows and flood frequencies also changed. The McNary Dam project includes levees along parts of the city shoreline. Physical and ecological changes in the river created a new environment for Kennewick residents as well as terrestrial, aquatic, amphibian and avian species. Kennewick residents specifically saw the shoreline change in the increased height of Clover Island, levee shoreline additions and the new Blue Bridge. The McNary Dam changed the Columbia River physically and recently, the erosion along the shore may have helped to uncover artifacts from Kennewick’s past. In 1996, the skull of a 9,000 year-old man was discovered along the shoreline in Columbia Park. The 9,000 year-old skeleton is referred to as the “Kennewick Man.” The Columbia River and Kennewick shoreline is a place of rich cultural history and therefore is an area that may contain important historical and cultural artifacts. 1.1.1 Inventory, Protection, and Management of Historic Cultural Resources There are several significant archaeological sites along the Kennewick shoreline, located within the Tri-Cities Archaeological District. The Tri-Cities Archaeological District is listed in both the National and State Registers of Historic Places. These registers encourage proper protection and management of specific cultural resources at the national and state level. The National Register of Historic Places encourages protection of the cultural resources in three ways by: 1) Providing official recognition of the historic significance of the property and encouraging consideration of its historic value in future development planning, 2) Imposing limited protection from activities involving funding, licensing, or assistance by Federal agencies that could result in damage or loss of its historic values, and 3) Making the property eligible for Federal financial incentives for historic preservation. The exact locations of the City of Kennewick’s cultural resources, specifically the archaeological sites, are not disclosed to the public. Any future development along the shoreline will require investigating the existing archaeological information obtained by the City of Kennewick or the Washington State Office of Archaeological & Historic Preservation. Additional surveys or inventories may be needed to assess and document archaeological artifacts or sites along the City’s shoreline. Information about the Tri-Cities Archaeological District, archaeological permitting, inventory and surveying, and/ or the National and State Registers of Historic Places can be obtained from the Washington State Office of Archaeological & Historic Preservation. A section of the McNary Dam Columbia River levee (Shoreline Segment D) is also eligible to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register includes the levee and Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  ancillary structures such as pump houses, drainage ditches, ponds, pipes and floodgates. Currently, there is a plan to lower the levee and alter the associated structures for recreational purposes. When these changes occur, the levee and structures should be documented and interpretive signage should be posted to inform the public of the historical significance of McNary Dam, Lake Wallula and the levee/ ancillary structures. Picture 1- First Automobile Bridge (1922) (City of Kennewick Website) Picture 2- River Drive (City of Kennewick Website) Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  Picture 3- Columbia River before the McNary Dam (date unknown) (UDAT, 2003) Picture 4- Columbia River after McNary Dam (Looking Towards Clover Island/ Pasco) (UDAT, 2003) Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
   $
  1.2.1 Boundaries Information collected in this report includes the Columbia River shoreline and 200 feet landward within the Kennewick city limits and urban growth boundaries (UGB). The Kennewick shoreline data pertains to the structure, function and processes of the Lower Mid-Columbia watershed and specifically, the Kennewick portion of the Columbia River shoreline. The Kennewick shoreline is located just up the river from the Snake and Columbia River confluence within the McNary pool, upriver from the McNary Dam (Exhibit The City of Kennewick is immediately downriver from the Yakima and Columbia River confluence and several miles downriver and southeast from Priest Rapids Dam. Some important public uses and physical features along the Kennewick shoreline within the city limits are Columbia Park, Columbia Park Golf Course, Clover Island, Clover Island Marinas, and a section of the south shore levee. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  1.2.2 Climate and Environmental Conditions The City of Kennewick is low in elevation, approximately 320-700 feet MSL. Climate in the area is relatively mild with an average annual temperature of fifty-one degrees Fahrenheit and with prevailing winds from the northwest (National Climate Data Center 1971-2000). Kennewick is arid with annual precipitation averages around seven inches. The underlying soil and landforms in the Kennewick region originated from basalt flows, primarily composed of olivine basalt (HDR, 1997). Other materials along the shoreline are gravel, sand, silt and cobble from river-weathering processes and wind deposits. Soil further landward from the Kennewick shoreline contains windblown loess deposited from the prevailing northwest winds. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK---
  Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 1.2.3 Water Quality The inventory and analysis of the Kennewick Shoreline Master Program considers all aspects of Kennewick’s water resources and surrounding watersheds that may influence the shoreline species and habitat restoration. Water quality in the Columbia River mainstem along the Kennewick shoreline is considered adequate. There is some potential for elevated water temperature and increasing sedimentation according to the 1998 Ecology 303(d) listing. Water quality in the Columbia mainstem opposite Kennewick is primarily determined by the quality of the upstream waters. However, there is potential for water quality degradation at a micro-scale along the shoreline away from the main flow of the Columbia River. For example, seasonal testing of water quality surrounding Clover Island showed high temperature and dissolved gases (HDR, 1997). Temperature could become a localized problem with increases in sedimentation, decreases in water flow or lack of shoreline vegetation. Toxics are not listed as a problem in the Columbia River mainstem, but the lower Yakima River, which enters the Columbia River just above the City, is listed in the 1998 Ecology 303(d) as having accumulations of 4,4’-DDD, 4,4’-DDE, Arsenic, DDT, Dieldrin, Endosulfan, Mercury, and PCB. The toxics in the Yakima River are mixed with the large volume of water from the Columbia River at the confluence, and consequently are not considered a problem for the Kennewick Shoreline. It is important to monitor water quality trends from the Yakima River as it has the possibility of affecting sensitive aquatic species and riparian habitat now or in the future. $ The methods of developing a shoreline inventory are described in WAC 173-26-201 and also provided as part of Ecology’s June 2004 Shoreline Master Program Submittal Checklist. The checklist was developed to guide cities and counties as Shoreline Master Programs are updated. As part of the process, the checklist items were used to structure the approach, data gathering, and analysis for the inventory portion of Kennewick’s Shoreline Master Program update, and helped guide shoreline classification and the City’s subsequent regulations. This information was also used to establish baseline environmental conditions of the watershed and describe potential restoration areas within the shoreline. %   " 
Communication with and involvement of various governmental agencies is required by the guidelines. Formal (written) communication with agencies, tribes and private businesses was used to initiate the process and to assure a complete data assessment. A list of contacts is provided in Table 1. Written communication was followed by telephone calls, and where appropriate, meetings were held to facilitate information transfer. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

  Name of Agency/Contact Location Name of Agency/Contact Location Benton County Mary Phillips P.O. Box 110 Prosser, WA 99350 Port of Kennewick Linda Boomer 101 Clover Island Dr. Kennewick, WA 99336 Umatilla Nation Carey Miller PO Box 638 Pendleton, OR 97801 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Paul Hoffarth 2620 N. Commercial Ave. Pasco, WA 99301 National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Habitat Office Dale Bambrick 304 S. Water St., #201 Ellensburg, WA 98926 Office of Archaeological and Historic Preservation Stephanie Kramer P.O. Box 48343 Olympia, WA 98504-8343 Northwest Power and Conservation Council Tony Grover P.O. Box 2187 Vancouver, WA 98668 Yakama Nation Johnson Meninick P.O. Box 151 Toppenish, WA 98948 Washington Department of Ecology/Central Regional Office Gary Graff 15 W. Yakima Ave., #200 Yakima, WA 98902 Parks and Recreation 615 East Columbia Dr. Kennewick, WA 99336 Washington Department of Ecology/Eastern Regional Office Doug Pineo N. 4601 Monroe St., #303 Spokane, WA 99205-1295 Washington Department of Transportation/South Central Region – Yakima, WA United States Army Corps of Engineers/Ice Harbor Project Lanell Adams 2763 Monument Dr. Burbank, WA 99323 Columbia Park Golf Course Gary Long, Jr. 2701 W. Columbia Dr. Kennewick, WA 99336 United States Army Corps of Engineers/Walla Walla Pete Poolman 201 North 3rd Ave. Walla Walla, WA 99362 City of Kennewick/GIS Rick White P.O. Box 6108 Kennewick, WA 99336 &    According to the guidelines (WAC 173-26-202 local government shall, at a minimum, and to the extent such information is relevant and reasonably available, collect the following information: Shoreline and adjacent land use patterns and transportation and utility facilities, including the extent of existing structures, impervious surfaces, vegetation, and shoreline modifications in shoreline jurisdiction. Special attention should be paid to identification of water-oriented uses and related navigation, transportation and utility facilities. (ii) Critical areas, including wetlands, aquifer recharge areas, fish and wildlife conservation areas, geologically hazardous areas, and frequently flooded areas. See also WAC 173- 26-221. (iii) Degraded areas and sites with potential for ecological restoration. (iv) Areas of special interest, such as priority habitats, developing or redeveloping harbors and waterfronts, previously identified toxic or hazardous material clean-up sites, dredged Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 material disposal sites, or eroding shorelines, to be addressed through new master program provisions. Conditions and regulations in shoreland and adjacent areas that affect shorelines, such as surface water management and land use regulations. This information may be useful in achieving mutual consistency between the master program and other development regulations. (vi) Existing and potential shoreline public access sites, including public rights-of-way and utility corridors. (vii) General location of channel migration zones, and flood plains. (viii) Gaps in existing information. During the initial inventory, local governments should identify what additional information may be necessary for more effective shoreline management. (ix) If the shoreline is rapidly developing or subject to substantial human changes such as clearing and grading, past and current records or historical aerial photographs may be necessary to identify cumulative impacts, such as bulkhead construction, intrusive development on priority habitats, and conversion of harbor areas to non-water oriented uses. If archaeological or historic resources have been identified in shoreline jurisdiction, consult with the state historic preservation office and local affected Indian tribes regarding existing archaeological and historical information. &   Documents were collected from various agencies and the information evaluated based on their applicability to Ecology’s Shoreline Master Program checklist. The following tables (2a and 2b) describe and categorize key information received during the shoreline inventory and analysis process. Tables 2a and 2b show the document name, a brief description, and title of the agency that created it, date the document was created and, where the information would apply to Ecology’s Shoreline Master Program Inventory checklist (checklist items i-x). Document information that applied to more than one Shoreline Master Program Inventory checklist item have multiple item numbers listed under the column-# Meets Data Requirements from Ecology Checklist. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 
0 Document Descriptions Name of Agency Date Meets Data Requirements from Ecology Checklist Aerial Photos Photos Benton County 1998 i Bringing Back the Magic of the River Future Development of the City and Columbia River Shoreline Urban Design Assistance Team (UDAT) 2003 iv, vi Clover Island Redevelopment Plan Future Development of Clover Island Port of Kennewick 1997 vi Columbia Park Master Development Plan Future Development of Columbia Park City of Kennewick 2000 iv, vi Columbia Park Pond Modifications Descriptions of Columbia Park Pond Modifications Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2003 iii Draft Critical Areas Ordinance (CAO) Used to Protect Priority Habitat and Species Economic and Engineering Services, Inc. 2003 ii, iv, v, vii Existing Shoreline Master Program Guides Shoreline Development within the City City of Kennewick 1974 v National Priority Habitat Maps Priority Habitat Maps for Aquatic, Amphibian and Avian Species Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 2000 ii National Wetland Inventory Maps Wetland Maps U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2000 ii Title 18 Zoning Codes and Map Guides Development within the City City of Kennewick unknown v Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


0 / 
 
0 Aquatic Habitat Maps Maps of Fish Migration, Rearing and Spawning Habitat WDFW unknown ii City of Kennewick Columbia Park East Boat Launch Plans Permitting and Plans for Columbia Park East Boat Launch City of Kennewick. 1998 vi City of Kennewick Comprehensive Plan Goals and Future Visions for the City City of Kennewick. 1999 iv City of Kennewick Flood Control Ordinance Flood Damage Prevention (Chapter 18.93 KMC) City of Kennewick 1996 v City of Kennewick Road and Utility Maps Maps of Roads and Utilities in the City City of Kennewick 2003 i, vi, vii Clover Island Biological Assessment Descriptions of Clover Island Development, Construction, Habitat and Endangered Species City of Kennewick 2001 iii, iv Clover Island Master Plan Descriptions of Clover Island Development. Port of Kennewick 2003 iv Clover Island Redevelopment Conceptual Storm Water Management Plan Description of Existing and Future Storm Water Management Plans for Clover Island Peratrovich, Nottingham & Drage, Inc. 1995 v Drinking Water Quality Report Discusses Water Quality in Ranney Collector 5 along the shoreline City of Kennewick 2002 iii Flood Maps Flood Maps in City FEMA 1981 ii GIS Maps of Lower Mid Columbia Watershed Watershed Flow Maps USGS unknown I Kennewick Downtown Revitalization Strategy Description of Strategy to Improve Business, Aesthetics and Traffic Conditions City of Kennewick 1998 iv Lower Mid Columbia Subbasin Plan Document that Addresses Critical Species and Habitat for the Subbasin Northwest Power and Conservation Council 2004 iii Verbal Communication with Umatilla and Yakama Nations No Written Documentation is Available HDR/EES 2004 x


Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 '  The City of Kennewick Urban Growth boundaries contain a total of 42,617 linear feet of Columbia River shoreline. In order to graphically display map information in a larger scale, the shoreline has been divided into five distinct map segments. These map segments are used to locate different features within the City of Kennewick boundaries and visually unify shoreline data/ information such as ecological features, existing land use and proposed restoration areas. Shoreline map segments are depicted in this document as follows:   
/  Segment A Park A West side of Columbia Park beginning at the City of Kennewick Urban Growth boundary (UGA) and City limits extending east to Edison Street (See Exhibit 2a). Segment B Park B East from Edition Street to the west end of Columbia Park Golf Course (See Exhibit 2b). Segment C Park C East from the Columbia Park Golf Course to the Blue Bridge (US395) (See Exhibit 2c). Segment D Levee West – C1 Blue Bridge (US395) east to the Cable Bridge (US397) and Clover Island (See Exhibit 2d). Segment E Levee East Cable Bridge (US397) to South Verbena Street (See Exhibit 2e). Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 





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 ( The City of Kennewick has four distinct shoreline areas with different land use characteristics. Each area varies with the amount of public or private shoreline use and whether it has recreational, industrial, residential or business facilities. All of these are located on the Columbia River mainstem.

 
/ 
 1 West side of Columbia Park Campground – US395 Blue Bridge A-C Park A-C
Columbia Park
Columbia Park Golf Course 2 US395 Blue Bridge – Clover Island D Levee West – CI
Levee
Mobile Homes 3 Clover Island – US397 Cable Bridge D Levee West – CI
Levee
Clover Island
Duffy’s Pond
Mobile Homes
Businesses 4 US397 Cable Bridge – South Verbena Street E Levee East
Levee
Rural Area/Mobile Homes
Industrial Activity Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Segments A-C (Park A-C) includes Columbia Park, Columbia Park Golf Course, Audubon nature trail, camp ground facilities, playgrounds and park functions such as hydroplane races. The entire shoreline, in this segment, is accessible to the public for running, biking, resting, scenic/wildlife viewing, and various recreation activities. There are two public boat launches within Columbia Park; one is located near the west end of the Park (near river mile 333) and the other is located at the east end of the park near Columbia Park Pond (near river mile 331). Segment D (Levee West- CI) includes the Columbia shoreline section between US395 and Clover Island. The shoreline’s dominant feature is the levee running from the Blue Bridge to Clover Island. At this time, no access to the Columbia River exists in this section (either physical or viewing). A residential area with mobile homes resides on the south side of the levee. Segment D (Levee West-CI) also includes Clover Island and Duffy’s pond. Clover Island is owned and maintained by the Port of Kennewick. There are two marinas on Clover Island currently leased by Clover Island Yacht Club and Metz Marina. Other facilities on Clover Island include a Ramada Inn Hotel, Cedar’s restaurant, Port of Kennewick offices and a U.S. Coast Guard station. Clover Island is connected to the shoreline by a causeway which is an extension of North Washington Street. The causeway creates a small cove between the Island and the shoreline levee with calm waters for the two marinas. Duffy’s Pond is located south and landward from Clover Island. It is owned and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineering USACE) and visually/physically separated from the Columbia River by a levee. Land uses around Duffy’s pond are mobile homes and businesses. Segment E (Levee East) is the Columbia Shoreline section located between US397 Cable Bridge and South Verbena Street. A USACE levees separates the river from landward uses. The shoreline between the US397 Cable Bridge and River mile 328 is within the Kennewick City limits and therefore under the City of Kennewick’s jurisdiction. The shoreline between river mile 328 and South Verbena Street is within the Urban Growth boundaries and consequently under Benton County’s jurisdiction. Although there are different jurisdictions, all of Segment E is considered to have similar land use functions. There is rural land use in this segment that consists of vacant land (outside the Kennewick City limits), farming and industrial/ railroad areas (Picture Segment E (Levee East) differs from Segment D (Levee West-CI) because of different land uses behind the levee (Segment D is residential/business and Segment E currently has both rural and industrial character. Note: Segment E is zoned for future industrial development – See Section Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 5- Rural Land Use within City of Kennewick Urban Growth Boundaries )   This section defines Kennewick’s shoreline segments (A-E) using environmental features (ecological functions). These features have been developed through a combination of available data and literature and field observation. The shoreline segment ecological features are described below starting from the west shoreline segment A and moving to the east shoreline segment E. The ecological feature narrative directly corresponds with map exhibits 4a through 4b and therefore some of the ecological feature descriptions may be repeated. For instance, each shoreline segment B, C, D, and E) contain the ecological feature-Columbia River (Main Channel) Aquatic Fish Habitat. Each segment narrative (A-E) will contain a description of that ecological feature. Shoreline Segment A- Map Exhibit 3a Environmental Feature 1A- Columbia River (Main Channel) Aquatic Fish Habitat Aquatic Habitat (Main Stem) is the Columbia River aquatic habitat within Kennewick Urban Growth boundaries in the river main stem. Main channel aquatic habitat in the Columbia River is important for migrating chinook, sockeye and coho salmon, steelhead and Pacific lamprey. The river also provides habitat for resident fish such as white sturgeon, bull trout, northern squawfish and bass. Substrate material along the river bottom consists of fine silt to large cobble and is dependant on the water velocity during high flow periods (HDR, 1997). The main channel substrate is primarily cobble due to high velocity currents which sweep away fine particle substrate. Depending on high or low flow, near shore water velocity ranges from 0.0 to 2.2 feet per second (fps) and mid-channel velocity ranges from 2.4 to 7.0 fps (HDR, 1997). Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Environmental Feature 2A- Aquatic Waterfowl Habitat According to Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, there is priority waterfowl habitat located on the Columbia River main channel in the northwest corner of the City of Kennewick UGB. This priority habitat designation is an extension of waterfowl habitat associated with Bateman Island (City of Richland). Species of migrating or resident waterfowl that inhabit this area includes dabbling duck, wood duck, mallard, Canadian geese, canvasback, and ringnecks (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2000). Environmental Feature 3A- Riparian Habitat Shoreline Segment A boundary is from the City of Kennewick western border to Edison Street. This area contains important riparian habitat along the Columbia River shoreline. The physical characteristics of the riparian habitat in Segment A are steep slopes with riprap and small amounts of vegetation (Picture Existing vegetation includes Russian olive, black locust and various grasses. Environmental Feature 4A- Kiwanis Irrigation Return Channel There is one wastewater irrigation channel which runs through the Kiwanis camping area and carries run-off to the Columbia River from the Columbia Irrigation District. This irrigation channel meets the Columbia River midway through Segment A (near river mile 333). The channel contains a trash collector with a bar screen at its end. The channel is dry during periods of low precipitation, and low irrigation. Personnel communication with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife suggested that there is a maintenance problem with the trash collector, but little was known about fish habitat associated with the channel (Picture Environmental Feature 5A- Duck Pond The Duck Pond is a large wetland within Segment A provides important habitat be associated with the Columbia River shoreline, although the pond is not within the 200 feet Shoreline Master Program jurisdictional boundary. The Duck Pond is little surrounding vegetation, yet attracts a large number of sea gulls and other avian species. Water quality in the Duck Pond may be compromised due to the quantity of bird feces in and around the pond. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 6- Environmental Feature Area- 3A Picture 7- Environmental Feature Area 4A - Trash Collector at Kiwanis Camp Ground- Wastewater Channel – Shoreline Segment A Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Shoreline Segment B- Map Exhibit 3b Environmental Feature 1B- Columbia River (Main Channel) Aquatic Fish Habitat This segment provides main stem aquatic habitat similar to that described as Environmental Feature 1A. Environmental Feature 2B- Priority Riparian Habitat Segment B is located east of Edison Street to the Columbia Park Golf Course. A large section of this area has been designated by the WDFW as priority riparian habitat. Priority habitat is established by WDFW as a unique ecosystem with associated species populations which are important to protect and sustain. Some species associated with this riparian habitat are bald eagle, non-game birds and geese. The priority riparian habitat 2B extends the approximate length of Segment B shoreline and south over Columbia Drive to SR 240. Environmental Feature 3B- Riparian Habitat Shoreline Segment B that is not designated as priority riparian habitat also contains important riparian habitat. Non- priority riparian habitat is important along the Columbia River shoreline because of the salmon and steelhead species as well as many other important aquatic ecosystem components. The physical characteristics of the non-priority riparian habitat in Segment 3B are steep slopes with riprap and small amounts of vegetation. Environmental Feature 4B- Wetland Areas Three wetland areas are also included in the priority riparian habitat. Two of these wetlands are located on the Columbia River shoreline and the other is located on the south side of Columbia Drive. The two wetlands located on the Columbia River shoreline are associated wetlands and therefore directly effected by Shoreline Master Program regulations for shoreline area 4B. Water sources for these wetlands are unknown but these areas are ephemeral (observation, 2004) in that they dry out in summer months when there is less precipitation and the water table is lower. These wetlands contain thick vegetation comprised of native and non-native plant species. Some non-native species are aggressive invaders such as Russian olive, but even these species provide habitat for various important aquatic, avian and amphibian species. Avian species such as the bald eagle can overwinter in trees like the Russian olive. Also, plant species like Russian olive can provide shade and allocthonous input leaves, branches, and woody debris) that may benefit aquatic species such as salmon and steelhead. Wetland area (Area 4B) appears to have the best functioning shoreline habitat, compared with other Kennewick shoreline segments, because it contains more vegetation in or along the shoreline, shallow shoreline slopes and less riprap (Pictures 8 and Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 8- Environmental Feature Area 4B - Wetland Shoreline (Segment B) Picture 9- Environmental Feature Area 4B - Wetland Shoreline (Segment B) Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Shoreline Segment C- Map Exhibit 3c Environmental Feature 1C- Columbia River (Main Channel) Aquatic Fish Habitat This segment provides mainstem aquatic habitat similar to that describes as environmental Feature 1A. Environmental Feature 2C- Riparian Habitat The Columbia Park Golf Course and driving range are located near the shoreline on the south side of Columbia Drive. The key ecological feature of this segment is the Columbia River shoreline. The physical characteristics of shoreline segment 2C are small amounts of vegetation, steep shoreline slopes and riprap (Picture 10). Area 2C is owned by the City of Kennewick and most of the area is leased to a private company which operates Columbia Park Golf Course. Currently, there are no written maintenance plans for the golf course and Columbia Park which would include information about pesticide/ herbicide types, buffers, pesticide/herbicide application and irrigation. The park and golf course are in close proximity to riparian habitat along the Columbia River shoreline (Picture 11). Environmental Feature 3C- Riparian Habitat- Golf Course East to US395 Blue Bridge Shoreline in Segment C has riparian habitat which is important for salmon and steelhead as well as other Columbia River species. The physical characteristics of the riparian habitat in Area 3C (golf course to Blue Bridge) are steep slopes with riprap and small amounts of vegetation. Environmental Feature 4C- Aquifer Recharge Area An aquifer recharge area is located from the east side Columbia Park Golf Course to approximately North Jean Street (on the east side of US395/Blue Bridge). Existing shoreline features in the aquifer recharge area include the Columbia Park Pond and channel, Columbia Park east boat launch, US395 Blue Bridge and levee west. Area 4C contains two Ranney collectors 4 and 5. Ranney collector 4 is located on the Columbia River shoreline west of Columbia Park Pond channel and Ranney collector 5 is east of Columbia Park Pond on Riverside Drive. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency a Ranney Collector is defined as a “water collector that is constructed as a dug well from 12 to 16 feet (3.5 to 5 m) in diameter that has been sunk as a caisson near the bank of a river or lake. Screens are driven radially and approximately horizontally from this well into the sand and the gravel deposits underlying the river” (Environmental Protection Agency, 2005). These wells currently supply the City of Kennewick with 60 percent of resident water use and the Columbia River provides the other 40 percent. In 2002 the Washington State Department of Health classified Ranney collector 5 as GWI (groundwater under the influence of surface water). The classification of GWI was due to microscopic particulates in water samples and because of this the City must meet more strict State and Federal water quality regulations. Modifications made to the wells have reduced the possibility of contamination. The water quality in Area 4C is Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 important to aquatic species in Columbia Park Pond and channel as well as residents in the City of Kennewick. Environmental Feature 5C- Columbia Park Pond and Channel Columbia Park Pond is an associated wetland with the Columbia River shoreline. It is not within the 200 feet Shoreline Master Program boundary, but it is connected with the Columbia River by a wastewater channel. The Columbia Park Pond has recently become an important rearing habitat for coho salmon. The Zintel Canyon Creek (ZCC), which once ran through a separate concrete channel, now carries irrigation wastewater through Columbia Park Pond and out into the Columbia River. This modification was made because ZCC runoff came from the Yakima River and falsely attracted salmon from the Columbia River up into the channel for spawning. The ZCC was not suitable habitat for salmon spawning/rearing due to water temperature, sedimentation, fish passage barriers, and debris. Water is now diverted through Columbia Park Pond and screens are in place to keep adult coho salmon (but not fry) from entering the park. Consistent water flow through the pond and channel helps improve the water quality (temperature and sediment load) and decrease park maintenance (screen cleaning). There is also an approximate 30 feet vegetation buffer along the channel which improves water quality and habitat for riparian species. The Columbia Park Pond and channel is used by coho fry as well as other resident pond species. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 10- Environmental Features Area 2C - Golf Course Shoreline (Segment C) Picture 11- Environmental Features Area 2C - Driving Range in close proximity to Columbia River (Segment C) Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Shoreline Segment D- Map Exhibit 3d Environmental Feature 1D- Columbia River (Main Channel) Aquatic Fish Habitat This segment provides mainstem aquatic habitat similar to that describes as environmental Feature 1A. Environmental Feature 2D- Clover Island Eddy Environmental Feature Area 2D is the aquatic habitat between Clover Island and the levee shoreline where the two marina locations reside. The portion of the Columbia River between Clover Island and the levee has low water velocity due to the causeway that connects Clover Island to the shore. Water is blocked at the causeway and consequently flows around Clover Island. The “backwater” that flows from the main channel into the marina area deposits fine silt sediment over existing substrate. Columbia River underwater habitats with slow water velocity have a high probability of containing fine silt and milfoil, which do not appear to support juvenile salmonidss (HDR, 1997). Temperature may also be higher in the lower velocity water in the Clover Island marina area. Therefore, this area has different and more degraded habitat conditions compared with the main channel of the Columbia River. Environmental Feature 3D- Aquifer Recharge Area The aquifer recharge area is located from the east side Columbia Park Golf Course to approximately North Jean Street (on the east side of US395/Blue Bridge). Existing shoreline features in the aquifer recharge area include the Columbia Park Pond and channel, Columbia Park east boat launch, US395 Blue Bridge and levee west. Environmental Feature 4D- Levee West This segment of levee lines the Columbia River shoreline from the US395 Blue Bridge to US397 Cable Bridge. The levee west section is separated by the North Washington Street causeway that connects Clover Island with the shore. Levee Area 4D is at 360 feet MSL compared to the ordinary high water mark at 340 feet MSL. Area 4D is heavily covered in riprap, steep, and contains no vegetation (besides a small amount of weeds) (Pictures 12 and 13). Riprap in the levee, as well as other sections, degrades habitat for salmon species. The large pieces of riprap create hiding places for predators that prey on juvenile salmonidss. Also, the riprap replaces riparian vegetation along the shoreline which would produce habitat for salmon food (macroinvertabrates or insects). Vegetation along the Columbia River shoreline would increase allocthonous input small branches, leaves, etc.), shade, diversity in habitat structure, aesthetics, shoreline stability and near shore water quality. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 12- Environmental Features Area 4D - Levee shoreline directly across from Clover Island (Segment D) Environmental Feature 5D- Clover Island Clover Island shoreline is similar to the levee segments in that it has steep slopes covered with riprap. There are a few more trees and general vegetation along the shore, but not a substantial amount (Picture 14). Area 5D is separated from other shoreline segments because of Clover Island’s multiple uses and their affect on ecological function in the Columbia River. For instance, there is more boat and automobile traffic associated with the island because of the Port of Kennewick offices, restaurant, hotel and marinas. Traffic affects ecological function through noise, accidental fuel spills and contaminated stormwater runoff. Currently there are no priority habitats on Clover Island however the island is located near important riparian and wetland habitats. Future development on Clover Island could affect migrating salmon and steelhead as well as other aquatic species and waterfowl. However, development coupled with habitat improvements could have net benefits. Clover Island stormwater runoff from parking lots and roads is mostly contained in dry wells. There are some uncontrolled sources of possible pollution such as North Washington Street, gravel parking lots and landscaped areas at the hotel and Port of Kennewick Offices (Parametrix, 1995). There is a possibility that stormwater runoff from these areas could carry grease, oil, lead, metals, suspended sediment, fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides into the Columbia River (Parametrix, 1995). Other potential sources of contamination from Clover Island are boat washing practices, fuel storage/ disposal sites and fueling on or near the water. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 13- Environmental Features Area 5D - East End of Clover Island (Segment D) Environmental Feature 6D- Duffy’s Pond and Drainage Area Duffy’s pond is owned and maintained by the USACE. The pond is on the south side of the levee and contains a pump that discharges pond water into the Columbia River. Water flows into Duffy’s pond from a stormwater runoff channel located south of the levee and beginning west of the pond at the Blue Bridge (US395). A residential area surrounds Duffy’s pond on the south/ landward side (Picture 15). Water quality, associated species and pond/ channel functions are unknown. Area 6D, Duffy’s pond, is listed as priority urban natural open space with important habitat for shorebirds, waterfowl, upland birds and furbearing animals (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2000). Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 14- Environmental Features Area 6D - Residential Area on the south side of Duffy’s Pond (Segment D) Shoreline Segment E- Map Exhibit 3e Environmental Feature 1E- Columbia River (Main Channel) Aquatic Fish Habitat This segment provides mainstem aquatic habitat similar to that describes as environmental Feature 1A. Environmental Feature 2E- Clover Island Eddy Environmental Feature Area 2E is the downriver piece of aquatic habitat described as environmental Feature 2D. The portion of the Columbia River between Clover Island and the levee has low water velocity due to the causeway that connects Clover Island to the shore. Water is blocked at the causeway and consequently flows around Clover Island. This area has different and more degraded habitat conditions compared with the main channel of the Columbia River. Environmental Feature 3E- Levee East This segment of levee lines the Columbia River shoreline from the US397 Cable Bridge to the City of Kennewick Urban Growth Boundary (South Verbena Street). Levee Area 3E is at 360 feet MSL compared to the ordinary high water mark at 340 feet MSL. Segment 3E is heavily covered in riprap, steep, and contains no vegetation (besides a small amount of weeds). Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Picture 15- Environmental Features Area 3E - Levee Section East of Clover Island and Cable Bridge (Segment E) Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

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Descriptions of future shoreline use are provided in several documents, including the City of Kennewick Comprehensive Plan (applies to the total shoreline area), Columbia Park Master Development Plan, Bringing Back the Magic of the River, City of Kennewick Downtown Revitalization Strategy and Clover Island Master Plan (Draft 2003). City of Kennewick Comprehensive Plan The Kennewick Comprehensive Plan has specific goals which pertain to the Columbia River Shoreline. These goals revolve around transportation, environment and growth. The document focuses on environmental resources by making critical areas protection a priority. Kennewick would like to see adequate environmental protection without diminishing public access to the Columbia River and other water resources. The Kennewick Columbia River shoreline is a Shoreline of Statewide Significance which involves the protection of State and local economic and ecologic shoreline resources. Shorelines of Statewide Significance (SSWS) are given a use preference list by the Washington Department of Ecology. Preference is given in order: recognize and protect the state-wide interest over the local interest, preserve the natural character of the shoreline, result in long term over short term benefit, protect the resources and ecology of the shoreline, increase public access to publicly owned areas of the shoreline, and increase recreational opportunities for the public in the shoreline. The overall goals of Kennewick’s Comprehensive Plan address preserving the natural and ecological character of the shoreline as well as enhancing public and recreational access to the river. Land use (both existing and future) are important considerations for designation of shoreline areas, and in the evaluation of current and potential environmental values of shorelines segments. The uses previously described in the environmental features description of Kennewick’s shoreline were developed from on-site observations. Future land use can best be described by land use designations in the City’s Comprehensive Plan and in the related City Zoning Code. There are shown in Exhibits 4A through 4E. The Comprehensive Plan concentrates on access to the river by boat, land, railway and air. The City considers boat access to the River as very important for recreation and business. Boats currently access the river from two boat launches in Columbia Park, two marinas on Clover Island and a barge loading dock. The mainstem Columbia River offsite Kennewick is navigable and provides a commercial navigation access to Richland and provides a commercial navigation access to Richland (upriver), Pasco (across the river), and other ports on the Lower Snake River. Future development of railway transportation will be important in the tracks that travel over the Columbia River into an industrial area southeast of Clover Island. The industrial area and rail bridge are in close proximity to the shoreline, and development or enhancement of this area should be considered in the Shoreline Master Program regulations. The City of Kennewick Comprehensive Plan provides guidance in the expansion of railway activities, including the possibility of light rail development on existing railway infrastructure (City Comprehensive Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Plan). Currently, the railway bridge and industrial area are important for the transportation of goods through the City of Kennewick. Burlington Northern and the Santa Fe railway have approximately 3-6 through trains daily along this rail corridor. Columbia Park Master Development Plan (David Evans and Associates, 2000) The Columbia Park Master Development Plan calls for expanding on the existing Park by creating more public access to the river by boat, bike and foot. The Plan considers the addition of an amphitheater, riparian vegetation enhancement, floating stage, beach cove, waterfront promenade, grass shoreline and fishing pier. Some other design considerations are adding surrounding vegetation around waterfowl pond and an expansion of the Columbia Park Golf Course/Driving Range. The City of Kennewick would like the additions in Columbia Park to work with the existing natural environment and be biologically as well as culturally beneficial. This plan identifies several potential improvements but stops short of identifying a recommended improvement plan. It provided the City with a conceptual starting point for potential improvements. Bringing Back the Magic of the River (Urban Design Assistance Team, 2003) The City of Kennewick revolves around the Columbia River in aesthetics, navigation, recreation business and location. Yet, much of Kennewick is disconnected from the Columbia River visually and physically because of the levees and their height. The UDAT (Urban Design Assistance Team) report titled “Bringing Back the Magic of the River” addresses this separation by incorporating the river into a future development design for the City of Kennewick. The vision makes the river the focal point of the City by reducing the levee height, creating more public access to the river, increasing residences along the shore and improving riparian habitat. The existing levee becomes islands, inlets and protected habitat for fish and water fowl. A new lower levee is located further landward from the existing levee, and contains public access to the river with apartment/ condo residences along it (Figure Although the UDAT report is specifically for shoreline development between the Blue Bridge (US395) and the Cable Bridge (US397), other City of Kennewick shoreline development projects follow similar guidelines in restoration and development. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Figure 1- Potential Future Development for the Kennewick Shoreline between the Cable and Blue Bridge Downtown Revitalization Strategy (Tom Hudson Company, 1998) The downtown revitalization strategy establishes the core downtown perimeters as Washington Street, First Avenue, Dayton and the railroad property. The downtown core area will become the center of the City of Kennewick, where people will come to shop, play and conduct business. A core central business district will create a connection point for city transportation like railway and bus transit. Also, other improvements would involve recruiting community-oriented businesses, improving building aesthetics, increasing landscaping, lighting, parking and signage. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Improvements made to the downtown core would help to connect downtown with Clover Island, Columbia Riverfront, Columbia Drive, surrounding neighborhoods, employment areas and a city center complex. Clover Island Master Plan (MAKERS architecture and urban design, 2003) Clover Island Master Plan (2003) addresses creating more facilities on the island, including condos, apartments, office space, retail and food stores, a café, marine retail and boat moorage. Additionally, the aesthetics of the Island would be enhanced with pathways, plazas, landscaping and public Columbia River viewpoints (Figure The focus is on connecting the City to the river by bringing residents and tourists to the new facilities and enhanced waterfront. Clover Island would develop these new amenities on the existing island foot print. River habitat around Clover Island will be improved by added upland and riparian vegetation, cobble filled riprap and the construction of aquatic habitat within the Clover Island “notch.” The “notch” is an indent on the north side of Clover Island which once served as a part of the Kennewick’s water filtration system. Construction of Clover Island additions would be done in consultation with state and federal agencies to avoid negatively impacting waterfowl, migrating salmon/steelhead species and resident fish. Figure 2- Clover Island Draft Master Plan Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

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89 Adjacent Columbia River Shoreline (Columbia Park Shoreline Area) One specific restoration prospect along the Kennewick shoreline is removing or altering the concrete/asphalt riprap used to stabilize the shoreline during high water and wave action (Picture 16). Removing the riprap and planting vegetation will provide stability for the shoreline as well as beneficial habitat for riparian species. Filling the riprap with gravel is also an option that would improve juvenile salmonids habitat by diminishing predator hiding. As previously mentioned in environmental features 4D and 3E, riprap degrades shoreline habitat conditions by increasing predator hiding and decreasing macro-invertebrate populations. Filling or removing riprap and planting the shoreline with riparian vegetation would generally increase riparian species use, specifically juvenile salmonids activity. Also, changing the current shoreline slope to be less steep would provide valuable rearing and feeding habitat for different species. Picture 16- Riprap Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Columbia River Park Invasive Species Removal Removal of non-native vegetation is another way to improve habitat conditions along the shoreline. There are species of non-native plants such as Russian olive that are invading the more natural areas of Columbia Park and taking the place of native vegetation. Typically, non- native plants provide less-preferred habitat for most native species. Sudden removal of any invasive species is not recommended because many times these plants become substitute habitat for species of birds and other terrestrial animals. A gradual removal of invasive plants and re- growth of natives is more beneficial for species which depend on that habitat (Personal Communication with WDFW, 2004). Columbia Park and Golf Course Maintenance Plan for Pesticide and Herbicide Use Currently, there is no maintenance plan for Columbia Park and the Columbia Park Golf Course that addresses pesticide and herbicide use. A maintenance plan which states the types of pesticides/herbicides used provides buffers between chemical application areas and the river, and describes safe application procedures would protect shoreline ecological resources. The absence of a plan creates a possibility of degrading the ecological resources of a shoreline of statewide significance which includes associated salmon, steelhead, upland and riparian vegetation and waterfowl. Additionally, salmon and steelhead (specifically federally listed species) can be harmed by certain herbicides/ pesticides. In 2004, federal courts ordered the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide salmon and steelhead with buffer protection from aerial (100 yards) and ground (20 yards) applications of pesticides (EPA, 2004). This court action is under review, however the Columbia River shoreline area is part of this law suit and planning for protection of these species is advised. Adjacent Columbia River Shoreline (Levee Areas) One way to improve and restore the Kennewick Shoreline ecologically and culturally is to reduce the levee height and slope along the Columbia River (Levee Segment West and East). The USACE has approved a reduction in levee height that would connect Kennewick residents with the shoreline visually and physically. Along with a reduction in levee height, a decline in levee slope would change the existing habitat by creating valuable hiding and feeding space for salmonidss as well as other aquatic species. Both levee height and slope reduction can be addressed and constructed at the same time. The City has recently let a contract to begin reducing levee height. Also, removing the riprap and planting native vegetation will provide stability for the shoreline as well as beneficial habitat for riparian species. Filling the riprap with gravel is also an option that would improve juvenile salmonids habitat by diminishing predator hiding. As previously mentioned in environmental features 4D and 3E, riprap degrades shoreline habitat conditions by increasing predator hiding and decreasing macro-invertebrate populations. Salmon and other aquatic species rely on macro-invertebrates for food. Macro-invertebrate preferred habitat consists of riparian vegetation and allocthonous (such as leaves, branches, etc.) input that riprap does not provide. Filling or removing riprap and planting the shoreline with riparian vegetation would generally increase use of the area by riparian species and juvenile salmonidss. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Clover Island Causeway The causeway that joins Clover Island with the Kennewick shoreline blocks water flow so that it flows around Clover Island and then eddies into the Clover Island Marina area. The slow moving water carries fine sediment which settles onto the cobble substrate. Fine sediment and calm water creates an area with milfoil that is not beneficial for juvenile salmon habitat. Additionally, the lower water velocity can raise water temperature along the shoreline which does not benefit most aquatic species. Opening causeway to allow some river flow through the Clover Island backwater would create higher water velocity and overall better aquatic habitat. Clover Island Run-off/ Pollution Control (Landscaping, Gravel Parking Lots and N. Washington Street) Currently, there are three possible pollution sources on Clover Island: the landscaping areas near the hotel and Port offices, gravel parking lots and North Washington Street. The pollutants from these areas can degrade water quality and species associated with a Shoreline of Statewide Significance (SWSS). Other pollution concerns for Clover Island are boat washing practices, fuel storage/disposal sites and fueling on or near the water. Possible pollutants include grease, oil, lead, metals, suspended sediment, fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides (Parametrix, 1995). Planning for pollution protection on Clover Island is important for shoreline ecological health especially since the Port of Kennewick is planning to make Clover Island a destination for more boats, automobiles, residents and tourists. +  There are six distinct restoration opportunities along the Kennewick shoreline. Several of these restoration opportunities may apply to one degraded shoreline area. For example, the Columbia River shoreline (Columbia Park) could benefit from a gradual shoreline slope, riparian vegetation and removing/filling riprap. The six restoration opportunities are:
lower levee height
gradual shoreline slope
add riparian vegetation
remove or fill riprap
add native upland vegetation and remove invasive non-native species
Clover Island causeway removal (or modification to allow water flow) Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

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In the future, these restoration opportunities should be applied to the Kennewick shoreline. Although all of these projects are important they can be categorized as high priority, medium priority, and low priority according to the level of ecological benefit for the shoreline as shown in Table 5. Priority Descriptions:  High Priority - Project could prevent further degradation of the shoreline environment from its current condition.  Medium Priority - The restoration project affects a large portion of the Kennewick shoreline and will greatly improve the shoreline environment (includes wildlife habitat, water quality, public access, etc.).  Low Priority - The restoration project affects a smaller portion of the Kennewick shoreline (compared with Medium Priority), but will improve the shoreline environment (includes wildlife habitat, water quality, public access, etc.). Additionally, prioritizing the projects helps in the decision of when and how the projects will be planned and funded. All of these restoration projects need funding and planning which can be found in different organizations such as Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, Bonneville Power Administration (Environment, fish and wildlife) (BPA), Columbia Basin Trust, Land and Water Conservation Fund, Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery, Rivers and Trails Conservation Assistance Program or NOAA Restoration Center. Table 5 describes the degraded restoration project/ area, restoration opportunities with the project, level of priority and possible funding sources. These are also portrayed on Exhibit 5. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

  
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7" < 
 Adjacent Columbia River Shoreline (Columbia Park Shoreline Area) 1. Create Gradual Shoreline Slope 2. Riparian Vegetation Addition 3. Remove/Fill Riprap Medium Priority Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, BPA, NOAA Restoration Center, Columbia Basin Trust Columbia Park Invasive Species Removal 4. Addition of Upland Native Plants 5. Remove Invasives Low Priority Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery, Rivers and Trails Conservation Assistance Program, Columbia Basin Trust Columbia Park and Golf Course Maintenance Plan for Pesticide/Herbicide Use 6. Name Pesticides/Herbices 7. Establish Buffer Zones 8. Name Application Procedures/Permits High Priority Adjacent Columbia River Shoreline (Levee Areas) 9. Lower Levee 10. Create Gradual Shoreline Slope 11. Riparian Vegetation Addition 12. Remove/Fill Riprap Medium Priority Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, BPA, Rivers and Trails Conservation Assistance Program, NOAA Restoration Center, Columbia Basin Trust, Urban Parks and Recreation Recovery, Land and Water Conservation Fund Clover Island Causeway 13. Remove Causeway 14. Build a Bridge to Connect Island with Shoreline with Shoreline Low Priority Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund, NOAA Restoration Center, Columbia Basin Trust Clover Island Run- off/Pollution Control 15. Contain Current Pollution Sources 16. Plan for Run-off/Population Control with the New Additions on Clover Island High Priority Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 





 Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

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There are three Kennewick shoreline restoration projects that are currently in a planning phase along the Columbia River. First, the Columbia Park Master Development Plan has identified areas for enhancing native riparian and upland vegetation along the Columbia River. According to the Kennewick Capital Improvement Program (2004-2009) funding for this would be provided sometime in the future (post 2009). The second restoration opportunity is the levee height reduction. Levee reduction work began in 2004 with funding sources including Kennewick Park Development Fund, Capital Improvement Fund, public, IAC grant and DNR grant (trees) (Capital Improvements Program, 2004). The third restoration project is the vegetation and fish habitat construction on Clover Island. Funding and restoration dates are unknown for this project. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

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  Columbia River Aquatic- All Shoreline Segments (A-E) Aquatic Habitat within the City of Kennewick Urban Growth Boundaries Docks, Boats and Mooring Space Migrating Salmon and Steelhead Species/Waterfowl Park A- Shoreline Segment A West Side of Columbia Park Beginning at the City of Kennewick Urban Growth Boundary and East to Edison Columbia Park Camp Ground and Duck Pond Shoreline Riparian Habitat, Kiwanis Wastewater Channel Park B- Shoreline Segment B East from Edison Street to the West end of Columbia Park Golf Course Columbia Park and Auduboon Nature Trail Shoreline Priority/Non- priority Riparian Habitat and Wetland Areas Park C- Shoreline Segment C East from the Columbia Park Golf Course to the Blue Bridge (US395) Columbia Park Golf Course and Family Fishing Pond/Channel Shoreline Riparian Habitat, Aquifer Recharge Area and Associated Wetland and Fish Habitat in the Fishing Pond/Channel Levee West- Shoreline Segment D Blue Bridge (US395) East to the Cable Bridge (US397) Levee, Clover Island, Residential Area and Businesses Priority Urban Natural Open Space- Duffy’s Pond, Drainage Area, Aquifer Recharge Area and Degraded Shoreline Habitat with Riprap, Steep Slopes and Small Amounts of Vegetation Levee East- Shoreline Segment E Cable Bridge (US397) to South Verbena Street Levee and Rural/Industrial Area Degraded Shoreline Habitat with Riprap, Steep Slopes and Small Amounts of Vegetation Based upon the results of this study, the following are the preliminary shoreline designations for the City of Kennewick, as described below and in Exhibit 6. Columbia River Aquatic- Aquatic- It is possible to combine Aquatic Designation with any other shoreline classification High Intensity or Urban Conservancy) if water use/ restoration warrants it. Protection of migrating Salmon and Steelhead habitat is important in this shoreline designation. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Park A - Urban Conservancy Environment- Park A is open space which is suitable for water- related/ enjoyment uses. It is also feasible for the City of Kennewick to retain existing ecological function in Park A and restore degraded shoreline. Park B - Urban Conservancy Environment- Park B is open space which is suitable for water- related/ enjoyment uses. It is also feasible for the City of Kennewick to retain existing ecological function in Park B and restore degraded shoreline. Protection of the Wetlands and priority habitat in Park B is important for various species and the Audubon Nature Trail. Park C - Urban Conservancy Environment- Park A is open space which is suitable for water- related/ enjoyment uses. It is also feasible for the City of Kennewick to retain existing ecological function in Park A and restore degraded shoreline. Water quality should be protected in this aquifer recharge area as well as sensitive habitat along the Columbia Park Pond channel. Levee West - Urban Conservancy Environment- Urban Design Assistance Team plans involve opening the shoreline to public park uses and restoring riparian functions. Ecological restoration and recreation would be the focus of Levee West planning and classification. Clover Island is a separate classification from Levee West. Clover Island - High Intensity- The existing condition of this shoreline would be classified as high intensity because of the commercial, transportation and water-dependant uses associated with the Island. The focus of this classification would be to restore previously degraded ecological function without diminishing commercial/ water-dependant uses. Levee East - Urban Conservancy Environment- Levee East has diminished amounts of ecological function but it has potential for restoration by bringing the levee height down, etc. This area does not have a designated future growth plan. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 

 Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


    Almack, J. 1995. Washington Grizzly Bear and Gray Wolf Research Project 1981-1995. Vols. 1-6. Bolton, S. and Shellberg, J. 2001. White Paper: Ecological issues in floodplains and riparian corridors. Center for Streamside Studies, University of Washington. 150 pp. Available at: http://www/wa/gov/wdfw/hab/ahg Carrasquero, J. 2001. White Paper. Over-water structures: Freshwater issues. Herra Environmental Consultants. 116 pp. Available at http://www.wa.gov/wdfw/hab/ahg City of Kennewick. 2002. Drinking Water Quality Report. City of Kennewick. 2003. Comprehensive Plan. City of Kennewick. 2004. Capital Improvement Program (2004-2009). City of Kennewick (unknown date). Zoning Codes. Cooke Scientific Services. February 2000. Wetland and Buffer Functions Semi-Quantitative Assessment Methodology (SAM). Corkran, Charlotte C. and Thoms, Chris. Amphibians of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Canada: Lone Pine Publishing. 1996. Cowardin, L.M., Carter, Golet, F.C., and La Roe, E.T. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. Office of Biological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. FWS/OBS-79/31. 103pp. Cullinan, T. 2001. Important bird areas of Washington. Audubon Washington. 170 pp. David Evans and Associates. 2000. Columbia Park Master Development Plan. Dobler, F.C., Eby, Perry, Richardson, and Vander Haegen, M. 1996. Status of Washington’s shrub steppe ecosystem: Extent, ownership, and wildlife/vegetation relationships. Economic and Engineering Services. 2003. Critical Areas Ordinance, Draft. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Availability of Court Orders in Washington Toxics Coalition v. EPA Litigation. Volume 69, (31). Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


 Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. Ranney Collector Defined.http://www.epa.gov/safewater/Pubs/gloss2.html#R. Eschmeyer, William N. and Herald, Earl S. A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes: North America. Boston: Houston Mifflin Company. 1983. Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 15, 1981. Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Flood Boundary and Floodway Maps, and Flood Insurance Study for City of Kennewick, Benton County. Golder & Associates. 1997. City of Kennewick Wellhead Protection Plan for Ranney Collectors Nos. 4 and 5. Hallock, M. and Mongillo, P.E. 1998. Washington State Status Report for the Whitefish. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. HDR. 1997. Clover Island Redevelopment Plan. HDR. 2001. Clover Island Biological Assessment. JGM Landscape Architects, EarthTech Engineers, City of Kennewick, City of Pasco, City of Richland, Benton County, Franklin County, Port of Kennewick & Tri-Cities Visitor Convention Bureau. 2000. Sacagawea Heritage Trail, Master Plan. Kennewick Parks and Recreation. 1988. Columbia Park Kennewick’s Waterfront Plan Knutson, K.L. and Naef, V.L. 1997. Management recommendations for Washington’s priority habitats: Riparian. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 181 pp. Available at: http//www.wa.gov/wdfw/hab/ripxsum.htm Lands and Resources Division Larson, E.M. and editors. 2000. Management recommendations for Washington’s priority species, volume IV: Birds. Available at: http://www/wa/gov/wdfw/hab/phs/vol4/birdrecs.htm Larson, E.M., editor. 1997. Management recommendations for Washington’s priority species, volume III: Amphibians and reptiles. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 122 pp. Available at: http://www/wa/gov/wdfw/hab/vol3.htm Larson, E.M., Rodrick, and Milner, R, editors. 1995. Management Recommendations for Washington’s Priority Species, Volume I: Invertebrates. Leonard, William Brown, Herbert Jones, Lawrence L. McAllister, Kelly and Storm, Robert M. Seattle Audubon Society The Trailside Series: Amphibians of Washington and Oregon. Seattle Audubon Society: Seattle. 1993. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


 Lusch, Ed. Comprehensive Guide to Western Gamefish. Portland: Frank Amato Publications. 1985. Luzier, J. E. and R. J. Burt. 1974. Hydrology of Basalt Aquifers and Depletion of Ground Water in East-Central Washington," Water Supply Bulletin 33, State of Washington Department of Ecology, 53 p. Makers Architecture & Urban Design. 2003. Clover Island Master Plan, Draft. McAllister, Leonard, Hays and Friesz. 1999. Washington State Status Report for the Northern Leopard Frog. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Program. McMillan, A. 2000. The science of wetland buffers and its implications for the management of wetlands. Master’s Thesis. Evergreen State College. Mitsch, W.J. and Gosselink, J.G. 2000. Wetlands. 3rd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. Morgan, J.T. 1998. Annotated bibliography for Washington’s priority habitats: Freshwater wetlands and fresh deepwater. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Mundy & Associates, Kask Consultants & Kasprisin Pettinari Design. 1990. Rivershore Enhancement Plan. Natural area preserves publications area available through Natural Areas Program, Washington Department of Natural Resources. For a list of individual region Natural Areas managers in seven statewide offices, call the number listed above or consult the Washington Department of Natural Resources Web site at: http://www.wa.gov/dnr/base/execfone.htm. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 2004. Lower Mid Columbia Subbasin Plan. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 2004. Lower Snake Mainstream Subbasin Plan. Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 2004. Lower Yakima Subbasin Management and Assessment Plan. Noson, L.L., Qamar, Anthony, Thorsen, G.W. 1988. Washington State Earthquake Hazards. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Information Circular 85. 77 pp., 47 figs. Pollard, W.R., Hartman, G.F., Groot, and Edgell, Phil. Field Identification of Coastal Juvenile Salmonidss. Harbour Publishing. 1997. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


 Poston, T. 2001. White Paper. Treated wood Issues Associated with Over-Water Structures in Marine and Freshwater Environments. Battelle. 90 pp. Available at http://www/wa/gov/wdfw/hab/ahg Pringle, P.T. 1994. Volcanic hazards in Washington – A Growth Management Perspective. Washington Geology, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 25-33. Public Works Construction Standards. Kennewick Municipal Code, Chapter 5.56. Rasmussen, J.J. 1971. Soil survey of Benton County, Washington. United States Soil Conservation Service (Natural Resources Conservation Service). Rasmussen, J.J. 1971. Soil survey of Benton County, Washington. United States Soil Conservation Service (Natural Resources Conservation Service). Rodrick, E. and Milner, editors. 1991. Management recommendations for Washington’s priority habitats and species. Wildlife Management, Fish Management, and Habitat Management Divisions, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Rogers, A.M., Walsh, T.J., Kockelman, W.J., and Priest, G.R., editors. 1998. Assessing earthquake hazards and reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1560, Vol. 2, 545 pp., 6 plates. Schuster, J.E., Gulick, C.W., Reidel, S.P., Fecht, K.R., and Zurenko, S. 1997. Geologic map of Washington. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Geologic Map. 20 pp., 1 plate with scale 1:250,000 Sibley, David Allen. The National Audobon Society: The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Stebbins, Robert C. The Peterson Field Guide Series: A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Boston: Houston Mifflin Company. 1966. Streamnet managed by Pacific Northwest Fisheries Commission for Pacific Coast Ecology and Fish Resource Agencies (Checked 7/7/2004). http://map.streamnet.org/website/subbasinmapper/viewer.htm Thorsen, G.W. 1989. Landslide provinces in Washington. In Galster, R.W., Chairman. Engineering Geology in Washington. Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Washington Department of Natural Resources. Bulletin 78, v. I, pp. 71-89. Tom Hudson Company and Urban Design Studio. 1998. Kennewick Downtown Revitalization Strategy. Trec (unknown date). Columbia River Loop Trail. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


 United States Geological Survey. 10-meter Digital Elevation Model: Pasco, Kennewick, and Badger Mountain Quadrangles. Urban Design Assistance Team. 2003. Bringing Back the Magic of the River. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2000. US National Wetland Inventory data maps. USGS Watershed Maps (Checked 7/7/2004). http://nhdgeo.usgs.gov/viewer.htm. Washington Department of Ecology. 1991. Washington State Wetland Rating System for Eastern Washington. Publication #91-58. Washington State Department of Ecology. 1991. Comprehensive Planning for Flood Hazard Management. Publication #91-44. 106 pp. Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Wetland Buffers: Use and Effectiveness. Publication #92-10. Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Wetland Mitigation Replacement Ratios: Defining Equivalency. Publication #92-08. Washington Department of Ecology. 1994. Guidelines for Developing Freshwater Wetlands Mitigation Plans and Proposals. Publication #94-29. Washington Department of Ecology. 1997. Washington State wetlands identification and delineation manual. Publication #96-94. Washington Department of Ecology. 1998. 303(d) maps and listing for WRIA 31, 36, 40. Washington Department of Ecology. December 2000. Methods for Assessing Washington Department of Ecology. 2000. Washington State Wetland Mitigation Evaluation study, Phase 1: Compliance. Publication #00-06-016. Washington State Department of Ecology. 2000. Chapter 86.16 RCW Floodplain Management. Washington Department of Ecology. 2001. Washington State wetland Mitigation Evaluation Study Phase 2: Success. Publication #02-06-09. Washington State Department of Ecology. April, 2001. Model Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance. Washington State Department of Ecology. April, 2002. Draft Rule Amendment to Chapter 173-158 WAC Floodplain Management. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1993. Washington State Status Report for the Oregon Silverspot Butterfly. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1999. Priority Habitats and Species List. Habitat Program. 32 pp. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2000. Habitat Maps. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2000. Steelhead Harvest Summary Report. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2001. Spring hatchery trout stocking plan for Washington lakes and streams – Annual Report. #FPA 01-02. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2003. Columbia Park Modifications. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Maps and Digital Information. Available at: http://www.wa.gov/wdfw/hab/release.htm Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 82pp. Available at: http://www/wa/gov/wdfw/hab/val1.htm Washington Department of Natural Resources. 1997. Endangered, threatened and sensitive Vascular Plants of Washington with Working Lists of Rare Non-Vascular Species. Washington Natural Heritage Program. 62 pp. Washington Department of Natural Resources. 1992. State of Washington Natural Resources Conservation Areas: Statewide Management Plan. 33 pp. Washington Department of Natural Resources. 2001. State of Washington Natural Heritage Plan. Washington Natural Heritage Program. Available at: www.wa.gov/dnr/htdocs/fr/nhp Washington Department of Transportation. June 1999. Mitigation Tools for Special Circumstances: Preservation of High Quality Wetlands. ESSB 6061 Wetland Pilot Project. Washington State Department of Transportation. 2000. Wetland Functions Characterization Tool for Linear Projects. Environmental Affairs Office. 29 pp. Washington State Department of Transportation. June 2000. Wetland Functions Characterization Tool For Linear Projects. Wetland Strategic Plan Implementation Project. Washington State Office of Community Development (1974). Shoreline Master Program. Washington, State of. WAC 222-16-030 and 222-16-031 Define Water types and a Water Typing System. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- 


 Webster, G.D. 1979. Surficial Geologic Map. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report. 1 sheet with scale 1:250,000. Wetland Functions, Vol. 2 – Depressional Wetlands in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington, Part 1 and 2. Publication # 00-06-047. Whitaker, John O. Jr. The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals. Alfred A. Knopf, Incorporated. 1980. Exhibit A-3 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Plan A Requirement of the Shoreline Management Act Chapter 90.58 RCW Final Draft June 2009 2805 St. Andrews Loop Suite A Pasco, WA 99301 (509) 546-2040 Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick i Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Definitions 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2.0 Shoreline Existing 2 2.1 Degraded Shoreline Areas 4 2.2 Land Use Policies 5 2.3 Existing Ecological Restoration and Enhancement Activities 6 3.0 Shoreline Restoration Plan 7 3.1 Protect and Enhance Shorelines 8 3.2 Protect and Enhance Sensitive Areas, and Improve Water Quality 3.3 Protect and Enhance Aquatic Habitat, and Improve Water Quality 4.0 Implementation 13 Tables 4-1 Excerpts from the Phase 4 Committee Report to the Legislature Listing of Grant and Loan Programs 15 Exhibits 1 Kennewick Shoreline (Without Restoration Measures) 3 2 Proposed Restoration Activities 10 3 Bioengineered Bank Stabilization Techniques 11 Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 1 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 1.0 Introduction The Shoreline Management Act (chapter 90.58 RCW) was enacted in 1971 to provide for the management and protection of shorelines of the state by regulating development in the shoreline area. The goal of the Act is "to prevent the inherent harm in an uncoordinated and piecemeal development of the state's shorelines." The Act requires cities and counties to adopt a Shoreline Master Program (SMP) under rules established by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) to regulate shoreline development and accommodate “all reasonable and appropriate uses” consistent with “protection against adverse effects to the public health, the land and its vegetation and wildlife, and the waters of the state and their aquatic life… and public rights of navigation.” Ecology adopted the 2003 Shoreline Management Act Guidelines (chapter 173-26 WAC) (Guidelines) which require local government review and updates of SMPs. A key feature of the Guidelines is the requirement that local governments include within their SMP a “real and meaningful” strategy to address restoration of shorelines. The Guidelines require that the policies in a SMP must promote restoration of impaired shoreline ecological functions. This report documents the work completed by the City of Kennewick (City) and the Community Advisory Committee to assess the existing conditions of the City’s shorelines and develop a restoration plan that meets the requirements of the Guidelines, as part of the City’s Shoreline Master Program update. 1.1 Definitions The term “restoration” is defined in the Guidelines as follows (WAC 173-26-020(27)): “…the reestablishment or upgrading of impaired ecological shoreline processes or functions. This may be accomplished through measures including but not limited to re-vegetation, removal of intrusive shoreline structures and removal or treatment of toxic materials. Restoration does not imply a requirement for returning the shoreline area to aboriginal or pre-European settlement conditions.” The Guidelines require that SMPs include “goals, policies and actions for restoration of impaired shoreline ecological functions” (WAC 173-26-201(2)(f)). The term “ecological functions” is defined as follows (WAC 173-26-020(11): “…the work performed or role played by the physical, chemical, and biological processes that contribute to the maintenance of the aquatic and terrestrial environments that constitute the shoreline’s natural ecosystem.” 1.2 Purpose The Guidelines are designed to assure that SMPs include goals, policies and regulations that will result in “no net loss of ecological functions necessary to sustain shoreline natural resources and to plan for restoration of ecological functions where they have been impaired” (WAC 173-26-201(2)(c)). Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 2 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 As such, the Guidelines require that SMP restoration plans consider the following subjects (WAC 173-26-201(2)(f)): Identify degraded areas, impaired ecological functions, and sites with potential for ecological restoration (Section (ii) Establish overall goals and priorities for restoration of degraded areas and impaired ecological functions (Section (iii) Identify existing and ongoing projects and programs that are currently being implemented, or are reasonably assured of being implemented (based on an evaluation of funding likely in the foreseeable future), which are designed to contribute to local restoration goals (Section (iv) Identify additional projects and programs needed to achieve local restoration goals, and implementation strategies including identifying prospective funding sources for those projects and programs (Section Identify timelines and benchmarks for implementing restoration projects and programs and achieving local restoration goals (Section (vi) Provide for mechanisms or strategies to ensure that restoration projects and programs will be implemented according to plans and to appropriately review the effectiveness of the projects and programs in meeting the overall restoration goals (Section This report includes the required elements and provides a foundation for the ongoing restoration of the City’s shoreline. 2.0 Shoreline Existing Conditions This section describes the existing condition of the Kennewick shoreline. The City’s shoreline is comprised of the Columbia River shoreline and 200 feet landward within the Kennewick city limits and urban growth boundaries. Exhibit 1 provides an overview of the City’s shoreline area. Identified on the exhibit are the shorelines designations, wetlands, streams and protected and unprotected shoreline conditions. The protected areas, which includes approximately 80% of the shoreline, is either levee or rip-rap hardened shore. The unprotected areas, primarily in the center and west end of the park, are areas where shore sloughing occurs. Sloughing is caused by rapid fluctuations in pool level based upon McNary Dam operations, by boat wave action, and in some areas by limited vegetation. The Columbia River shoreline in the City of Kennewick has experienced a series of alterations that have significantly reduced and modified riparian function and values. The McNary Dam was built between 1947 and 1954, causing significant physical changes to the Columbia River and Kennewick Shoreline. The creation and filling of Lake Wallula changed the Columbia River’s depth, path, and velocity. Additionally, the pool level from current operations can fluctuate up to 5 feet between minimum and maximum operating levels of 335 and 340 feet above sea level (USACE 2007). This can impact the Kennewick shoreline, particularly in areas where the shoreline is unprotected. All of the designated shoreline within the City of Kennewick is publicly-owned, except for narrow sections of private land ownership east of the Blue-Bridge, according to the City of Kennewick parcel map (see Appendix). All of the narrow sections of private land within Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 4 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 the 200’ shoreline management area between the Blue Bridge and Clover Island are controlled by the USACE for its drainage facilities. Land use is managed as active-use park (Columbia Park), as a public port facility (Clover Island), or as a flood control levee and drainage system. The City’s shoreline is highly altered from natural conditions. A significant portion of the shoreline is Columbia Park. Columbia Park includes a golf course, an Audubon nature center with trails, camp ground facilities, playgrounds and other park functions. Columbia Park provides an important public access to the shoreline and the Columbia River. Annual festivals, including boat races and fairs are held at the park. Clover Island is a man-made island that was originally constructed from dredge spoils. It houses the Port of Kennewick offices and associated facilities. The port maintains two marinas that provide private and public access to the shoreline. The flood control levee, drainage facilities, and Duffy’s Pond, located south and Clover Island, is owned and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). Duffy’s pond collects drainage and stormwater that is then pumped to the Columbia River over the flood control levee. Habitat functions along the City of Kennewick shoreline are primarily associated with aquatic life, although waterfowl are also common in the shoreline area. Aquatic habitat types include shallow, near-shore environments along the Columbia River, off channel habitats family fishing pond), and perennial to seasonal small waterways. Aquatic habitats are utilized by rearing juvenile Chinook, mosquito fish, and smallmouth bass. Riparian habitat functions are limited throughout this stretch of the river by active recreation use, by ongoing maintenance activities associated with the federal levee system, and by the artificial nature of the pool operation by the federal agencies. These operations have led to shoreline erosion problems, invasive species issues and other impacts that are difficult to control at the local level. 2.1 Degraded Shoreline Areas The habitat functions of the City’s shoreline are somewhat impaired (HDR Memorandum March 2007). Much of the shallow near-shore environment along the Columbia River consists of a rip-rap bank with a gravelly cobble substrate and no properly functioning riparian growth. During average and high pool elevation periods, the inundated rip-rap may promote use by smallmouth bass and other predatory species over the more desirable salmonid species. Three small tributary drainages to the Columbia River are accessible to fish and appear to be used by rearing Chinook salmon Witter, HDR Engineering personal observation May, 2006). Currently, only the family fishing pond and the irrigation waste way near the Kiwanis building are accessible by Columbia River fish. Both of these waterways are used by rearing Chinook. Two other tributary drainages (the duck pond and the campground spring fed stream are inaccessible to fish from the Columbia River. The presence of a persistent population of Gambusia (mosquito fish) in the spring-fed stream suggests a perennial groundwater source for this stream. Waterfowl Canada geese, mallard ducks) and passerine birds are also present in the shoreline area. Canada geese are most commonly found feeding and rearing their young in mowed areas of green grasses near the Columbia River shoreline. Passerine birds crow, common house sparrow) are regularly identified in treed areas where vegetative growth consists of mature cottonwood, willow, or elm. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 5 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 Shoreline vegetation (riparian growth) along the Columbia River varies from un-vegetated along the levee to heavily-vegetated near the wetland areas of Columbia Park. The dominant riparian vegetation along the rip-rapped portion of the shoreline is coyote willow and reed canary grass, which are typically kept mowed or cut. Some riparian areas along the Columbia River are not actively managed and riparian growth consists primarily of mature coyote willow, Russian olive, and cottonwood. Riparian growth along the smaller waterways and wetland areas is typically less disturbed and consists of various native and non-native species including reed canary grass, coyote willow, Russian olive, weeping willow, cottonwood, and elm. The largest exception is the “Duck Pond” where vegetation is largely absent. Riparian growth along the Columbia River is generally minimal, but where left to grow to maturity, it would serve as near shore habitat for rearing juvenile salmon. Riparian vegetation also acts to protect the shoreline from wave action. Well developed root systems help to hold saturated soils in place during fluctuations in pool elevation. Along shorelines of the smaller water ways, riparian growth protects banks from erosion during periods of higher streamflow and holds soil in place along reaches with steep banks. Along the Columbia River shoreline and the shorelines of the smaller waterways, erosion from foot and vehicle traffic is much reduced in areas where riparian growth is left unmanaged. 2.2 Land Use Policies The City has set forth goals and policies for the future development of the shoreline in its Comprehensive Plan, Zoning Code, and draft SMP. The City completed a Shoreline Inventory and Assessment, as required by the Guidelines (WAC 173-26-201(3)(c)), in July 2005. Based on this assessment, the City has categorized areas of the shoreline using environment designations as required by the Guidelines (WAC 173-26-201(3)(f)) and has drafted policies and regulations for development within these environment designations (draft Kennewick Municipal Code 18.60.070). The environment designations for the City’s shoreline are defined as follows: • Aquatic Environment – the purpose of the "aquatic" environment is to protect, restore, and manage the unique characteristics and resources of the areas waterward of the ordinary high water mark. Functions of the aquatic environment include aquatic habitat, public access and recreation. The aquatic environment that exists today is much different from the aquatic environment prior to the construction of McNary dam. The lake-like environment combined with the hardening of the shoreline and near-shore aquatic environment in many areas to prevent erosion, has limited habitat function. Much of the shallow near-shore environment along the Columbia River consists of a rip-rap bank with a gravelly cobble substrate and no properly functioning riparian growth. During average and high pool elevation periods, the inundated rip-rap may promote use by smallmouth bass and other predatory species over the more desirable salmonid species. • High-Intensity Environment – the purpose of the "high-intensity" environment is to provide for high-intensity, water-oriented commercial, transportation, and industrial uses while protecting existing ecological functions and restoring ecological functions in areas that have been previously degraded. The high-intensity environment designation has been applied only to Clover Island. Functions of the high-intensity environment include water-oriented commercial and industrial, and residential uses, public access and recreation. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 6 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 • Urban Conservancy Environment – the purpose of the "urban conservancy" environment is to protect and restore ecological functions of open space, flood plain and other sensitive lands where they exist in urban and developed settings, while allowing a variety of compatible uses. The urban conservancy environment designation has been applied to all shoreline areas landward of the ordinary high water mark with the exception of Clover Island and the area east of the Clover Island Causeway. Functions of the urban conservancy environment include riparian and upland habitat, aquifer recharge, drainage and water quality, public access and recreation. Planning activities specific to certain uses of the shoreline have also been undertaken. These efforts include the Columbia Park Master Development Plan and the Clover Island Master Plan. These plans are described below. Columbia Park Master Development Plan The primary goal of the Columbia Park Master Development Plan (David Evans and Associates, 2000) is to create more public access to the river by boat, bike, and foot. The plan considers the addition of an amphitheater, riparian vegetation enhancement, floating stage, beach cove, waterfront promenade, grass shoreline and fishing pier. The City has concluded that some of these considered developments will not be pursued, such as the floating stage and waterfront promenade. Other design considerations include riparian planting near a waterfowl pond, and expansion of the golf course. The City intends to blend these improvements into the existing natural environment to provide ecological and cultural benefits. Clover Island Master Plan The Port of Kennewick Clover Island Master Plan adopted by the City in December 2008 includes plans for Clover Island development that add to the existing water dependent uses, and public access and view opportunities via a mix of high-intensity water-oriented and non-water oriented commercial, multi-family residential, and transportation uses, while providing additional public access, improved aesthetic quality, enhanced aquatic and nearshore ecological functions and maintaining specified view corridors. The plan includes aesthetic and public access enhancements such as pathways, plazas, landscaping and Columbia River viewpoints. The goal of the plan is to encourage public access and recreation by enhancing public facilities on the waterfront. The plan includes ecological improvements such as riparian planting and shoreline stabilization measures. 2.3 Existing Ecological Restoration and Enhancement Activities The Shoreline Inventory and Assessment identified the following shoreline restoration projects that are in various stages of planning and development. These projects include: • The Columbia Park Master Development Plan includes projects which would enhance native riparian and upland vegetation along the Columbia River. According to the Kennewick Capital Improvement Program (2004-2009) funding for this would be provided by the public sometime in the future. • Plans to reduce the height of the levee, while maintaining the critical flood control function of the levee, are underway. Levee reduction work began in 2004 with funding sources including Kennewick Park Development Fund and Capital Improvement Fund and public grants (Capital Improvements Program, 2004). Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 7 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 • Native vegetation and buffers were established for the channel from the Columbia River to the family fishing pond, and native vegetation riparian plantings have been completed around the fishing pond. 3.0 Shoreline Restoration Plan Based on the information provided in the Shoreline Inventory and Assessment, which was augmented with field investigation and analysis and guidance from Ecology, goals and objectives for restoration were developed, and restoration projects and programs identified, recognizing the limited overall potential of improving habitat function and value due to the impaired existing habitat conditions. Accordingly modest restoration goals have been developed. The restoration goals and objectives include: • Protect and enhance shorelines – use shoreline stabilization techniques such as planting native vegetation and bioengineering to improve the condition of shoreline areas that are free of rip-rap. • Protect and enhance sensitive areas, and improve water quality – protect wetlands and other sensitive areas by establishing riparian buffers and limiting access. • Protect and enhance aquatic habitat, and improve water quality – improve habitat conditions to promote salmonid rearing, and reconnect channels where possible, and improve water quality conditions. These goals and objectives are described in more detail below. Based upon these goals and objectives, the City has identified the following restoration projects, and the desired eco-function to be met through these restoration projects. These projects have been prioritized into Tier 1 and Tier 2 projects. Tier 1 are high priority projects that the City hopes to implement within the first ten years of program implementation. Tier 2 is medium priority, longer term projects that the City hopes to implement within 20 years of implementation. Tier 1 Projects (10 Year Implementation) 1) Revegetate and expand riparian zone with native vegetation, and evaluate feasibility of channel restoration. 2) Protect shoreline from future erosion through soft and/or hard engineering solutions. Restore shoreline to more natural state, using passive management techniques (i.e. “no mow areas”) to impede shoreline erosion. 3) Maintain and enhance plant diversity through the planting of additional native vegetation. 4) Enhance aquatic and riparian habitat where feasible to provide better near shore habitat and attract a greater number of migratory birds. 5) Complete 50% of Clover Island aquatic and riparian habitat enhancement.1 • Riparian and nearshore aquatic habitat enhancement are part of the Clover Island master plan, and will accompany new development and redevelopment. The nearshore environment enhancement includes improving substrate, large 1 Habitat enhancement is tied to development, and will be completed within 12 months of individual development projects. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 8 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 woody debris, and refugia to “properly functioning2 • Riparian enhancement consists of removing concrete along the shoreline and enhancing riparian vegetation through native plantings. Appropriate erosion controls will be put in place during riparian enhancement activities. ” aquatic condition for salmonids (Chinook and steelhead salmon) for designated areas around the island. • All enhancement work will be conducted consistent with federal, state and local regulatory requirements. Tier 2 Projects (20 Year Implementation 6) Reconnect channel to Columbia River and enhance riparian function through planting native vegetation 7) Reconnect channel to Columbia River and establish riparian vegetation. 8) Relocate road away from shoreline to protect water quality and reduce noise impacts from vehicular traffic. 9) Explore feasibility of reconnecting Duffy’s Pond to the Columbia River to improve water quality conditions. 10) Complete 100% of Clover Island aquatic and riparian habitat enhancement. The proposed locations of shoreline restoration activities are identified in Exhibit 2. 3.1 Protect and Enhance Shorelines Shoreline Areas without Rip-rap • These areas typically have a gravel/cobble river bed that forms a shallow sloped beach with softer soil that usually creates an over-steepened bank near the normal high water mark. During high pool elevation periods, over steepened banks of soft material become saturated and are subjected to wave action from storms and boating activities. These areas have an increased likelihood of eroding, a situation which could be improved by stabilizing the bank. Two primary bank stabilization techniques are: • Natural (Vegetative) Shoreline Stabilization: This is a non-structural preventative approach that focuses on 1) developing a shoreline buffer with a no-mow policy, 2) restricting public access to designated areas, and 3) planting native vegetation to prevent erosion. • Bioengineering: The method entails using specially designed native vegetative plantings for shoreline stabilization. This technique usually includes reshaping of bank material and use of all natural materials. 2 According to NOAA Fisheries, “Properly functioning condition [PFC] is the sustained presence of natural habitat forming processes in a watershed that are necessary for the long-term survival of the species through the full range of environmental variation. PFC, then, constitutes the habitat component of a species’ biological requirements” (NMFS 1999) Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 9 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 Vegetative Bank Stabilization Protective measures for stream banks can be grouped into three categories: vegetative plantings, soil bioengineering systems, and structural measures. They are often used in combination. Vegetative plantings may be used alone for bank protection on small streams and on locations having only marginal erosion, or it may be used in combination with structural measures in other situations. Considerations in using vegetation for protection include: • Conventional plantings require establishment time; bank protection is not immediate. • Maintenance may be needed to replace dead plants, control disease, or otherwise ensure that materials become established and self-sustaining. • Establishing plants to prevent undercutting and bank sloughing in a section of bank below base flow elevation is often difficult. • Establishing plants in coarse gravely material may be difficult. • Protection and maintenance requirements are often high during the plant establishment period. Woody vegetation, which is seeded or planted as rooted stock, is used most successfully above base flow on properly sloped banks and on the flood plain adjacent to the banks. Vegetation should always be used behind revetments and jetties in the area where sediment deposition occurs, on the banks above base flow, and on slopes protected by cellular blocks or similar type materials. Vegetative Bank Stabilization could be used within Columbia Park for areas that have low bank and are not close to existing or planned structures or utilities. Bioengineered Bank Stabilization Bioengineering is a system that uses living plant materials as structural components. Adapted types of woody vegetation (shrubs and trees) are initially installed in specified configurations that offer immediate soil protection and reinforcement. In addition, bioengineered systems create resistance to sliding or shear displacement in a stream bank as they develop roots or fibrous inclusions. Environmental benefits derived from woody vegetation include diverse and productive riparian habitats, shade, organic additions to the stream, cover for fish, and improvements in aesthetic value and water quality. Exhibit 3 shows examples of potential bioengineered bank stabilization techniques. Under certain conditions, bioengineered installations work well in conjunction with structures to provide more permanent protection and healthy function, enhance aesthetics, and create a more environmentally acceptable product. Bioengineered systems normally use un-rooted plant parts in the form of cut branches and rooted plants. This technique includes living systems, such as: brush mattresses, live stakes, joint plantings, vegetated geo-grids, branch packing, and live fascines. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 11 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 Exhibit 3. Bioengineered Bank Stabilization Techniques Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 12 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 Many sites require some earthwork before soil bioengineered systems are installed. A steep undercut or slumping bank, for example, may require grading to a 3:1 or flatter slope. Although bioengineered systems are suitable for most sites, they are most successful when installed in locations that promote riparian growth. Bioengineering techniques could be used along unprotected shorelines within Columbia Park and away from existing or planned structures or utilities. If this technique was used in conjunction with standard structural stabilization methods, such as energy dissipating rocks or bulkheads, it could also be employed adjacent to structures within the park. None of these techniques are appropriate for the Corps of Engineers levee system. Vegetation (particularly tree roots) is considered by the Corps and others to potentially compromise levee strength and is strictly prohibited. Shoreline with Rip-rap These shoreline areas are completely or mostly armored with various hard materials, such as basalt boulders, broken concrete, or broken asphalt. During high pool elevation periods, these areas are more stable and less susceptible to erosion from wave action. However, in some areas the softer upland soils have been eroded away and the rip-rap has slid out of place. The rip-rapped shoreline areas within Columbia Park occur mostly within the high use areas of the park and the rip-rap serves to protect existing structures and utilities. Because of these risks, hardened shorelines within the park will be maintained. The port facility and the Corps of Engineers levee system are also composed of rip-rap. These hardened shorelines will be maintained. Clover Island hardened shoreline will be removed and native riparian vegetation will be enhanced. 3.2 Protect and Enhance Sensitive Areas, and Improve Water Quality Within the City of Kennewick shoreline area, wetlands and limited function streams have been identified within Columbia Park or at Duffy’s Pond. The wetland and adjacent upland buffer habitats within Columbia Park are disconnected from each other, and in some instances are poorly connected to the aquatic shoreline habitat associated with the Columbia River. Techniques that might be used to accomplish the protection and enhancement of these areas include: • Establish and maintain riparian or vegetated corridors between wetland areas and the river to provide for riparian function and provide water quality benefits; • Establish wetland buffers that are then planted with native plant species adjacent to wetlands within the shoreline zone; • Control invasive species found within identified wetland habitats and plant native species within the wetlands • Plant native riparian vegetation at the Columbia River shoreline and in the riparian areas associated with other small drainages within Columbia Park; and • Limit public access to designated areas outside of identified wetlands or their buffers. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 13 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 3.3 Protect and Enhance Aquatic Habitat, and Improve Water Quality The primary function that aquatic habitat associated with the City of Kennewick shoreline serves for aquatic species, specifically anadromous fish, is as rearing habitat for out migrating juvenile salmon. The City of Kennewick’s goal for protecting and enhancing aquatic habitat along the City of Kennewick shoreline is, therefore, to promote and enhance this juvenile salmon rearing function. Juvenile salmon currently rear along the Columbia River shoreline, as well as several small open channel drainages within Columbia Park. Key species that use these waters for rearing and/or out-migration include Chinook, steelhead, and coho. Existing limiting factors for juvenile salmon rearing include: • Absence of riparian growth along much of the Columbia River shoreline; • Rip-rap along the Columbia River shoreline that may promote predation of rearing and out-migrating juveniles; and • Low quantity of off channel habitat that meets preferred salmonid rearing requirements. Aquatic habitat for rearing juvenile salmonids could be protected or enhanced through the following techniques: • Increase available habitat by eliminating passage barriers to perennial drainage ways within Columbia Park; • Enhance instream habitat quality and quantity by reconfiguring and reconnecting off channel habitat to meet salmonid rearing requirements; • Create new off-channel aquatic habitat; • Establish riparian buffers where possible for all City shorelines using native vegetation; • Protect and enhance water quality by creating and implementing drainage maintenance / pollution control plans for Clover Island and Columbia Park and Golf Course consistent with the Stormwater Manual for Eastern Washington (Ecology 2004); and • Limit public access to designated areas outside of identified wetlands and streams. Potential features that will need future protection based upon implementation of the actions in the City of Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Plan are: • Columbia Park campground drainage (upon stream connection to the Columbia River) • Duck pond (upon connection to the Columbia River) • Clover Island habitat enhancement. 4.0 Implementation The City has developed several mechanisms to ensure implementation of the restoration plan. These include: Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 14 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 • The City staff will request funding from the City Council through the City’s Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) for activities identified in the restoration plan. • Grants and loans will be sought, as applicable, for the implementation of the restoration plan. Potential funding sources are identified in Table 4-1. • Provisions in the SMP that connect habitat enhancement to development on Clover Island, where enhancements are completed within 12 months of development completion. Implementation of the shoreline restoration plan will occur over a 30-year time frame. Goals and benchmarks for implementation are as follows: • 10 Year Goal – Update park planning documents to incorporate restoration plan. Implement Tier 1 restoration/enhancement projects. Collect additional information for updating baseline conditions described in this plan and the Shorelines Inventory and Assessment report (HDR/EES 2005) as part of efforts to monitor ecological functions over the long-term. This plan will help the City establish the scientific basis for shoreline mitigation requirements and will serve as an adaptive management tool for future improvements • 20 Year Goal – Through the CIP or as mitigation implement aquatic habitat improvements, monitor results, and enhance existing wetland habitats. Implement Tier 2 restoration projects. • 30 Year Goal – Maintain ecological functions through land management and reporting. The City will conduct a review of progress in the implementation of the restoration plan every five years. The City will prepare a report for the City Council as part of this review, summarizing the progress to date and plans for implementation over the next five years. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 15 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 Agency Agency Type Funding Type Funding Name Description Federal U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service Technical Assistance Plant Materials Program This program develops cost effective solutions for soil and water conservation problems through research and engineering of new or improved plant materials. This is a research and development program. U.S. Department of Commerce-Economic Development Administration Grant/Loan Economic Adjustment Program To assist state and local interests from the results of industrial or corporate restructuring, natural disaster, reduction in defense expenditures, depletion of natural resources, or new Federal laws or requirements. Planning, project implementation, and revolving loan funds are the three types of grant activities. U.S. Department of Energy Technical Assistance Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development To provide communities with expert consultation on sustainable development, and to help them link to the other public and private programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant Growth Management Program Grants may be used to improve housing stock, provide community facilities, make infrastructure improvements, environmental improvement projects (including drinking water, wastewater, and solid waste projects), and expand job opportunities by supporting the economic development of the communities. State Washington State Department of Ecology Grant Community Litter Cleanup Program Help communities clean up roadside litter and illegal dumps. Eligible projects: Picking up roadside litter; cleaning up illegal dumps. Washington State Department of Ecology Grant Public Participation Emergency Grants NA Washington State Department of Ecology Grant Public Participation Grants Helps groups educate and involve the public on waste issues to benefit the environment. Eligible projects: Activities that educate and involve the public in hazardous waste site cleanups and waste reduction/prevention. Washington State Department of Ecology NA Water Resources NA Department of Ecology Grant Terry Husseman Sustainable School Awards For K-12 schools to promote environmentally sustainable curriculum programs. Department of Ecology Grant/Loan Centennial Clean Water Fund Program/ Clean Water Act Section 319 Nonpoint Source Program/ Washington State water Pollution Control Revolving Fund Program Application for loans and grants are accepted from any local public body, as well as certain other groups in Washington State. Eligible public bodies include any Washington State county, city, town, conservation district, or other political subdivision, municipal or quasimunicipal corporation, or any Tribe recognized by the federal government. The list of projects proposed in FY 2007 will help improve and protect Washington State's surface and ground water by implementing actions identified in Washington's Water Quality Management Plan to Control Nonpoint Sources of Pollution. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Grant Salmon Recovery Funding Citizen groups, called Lead Entities, to determine limiting factors analysis and other watershed assessments or studies to identify and prioritize projects that benefit salmon habitat within a defined geographic area. 21 Lead Entities have been approved statewide. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Grant Volunteer Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Enhancement Program Grants to individuals and organizations to implement volunteer fish and wildlife enhancement projects at the local level. Grants are available for goods and services, travel, equipment and other necessary support for performing a volunteer project. Grants are approved for habitat enhancement and restoration, fish and wildlife research, education, facility development, and certain projects for production of fish and wildlife. Washington State Department of Natural Resources Technical Assistance Urban and Community Forestry Program To educate citizens and decision-makers about the economic, environmental, and aesthetic benefits of trees and to assist local governments, citizen groups, and volunteers in planting and sustaining healthy trees and vegetation. Excerpts from the Phase 4 Committee Report to the Legislature Listing of Grant and Loan Programs Table 4-1 Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 16 Shoreline Restoration Plan June 2009 References David Evans and Associates, 2000. Columbia Park Master Development Plan. Prepared for the City of Kennewick. 2000. HDR, 2007. Memorandum on Columbia River, McNary Pool – Riparian Buffer HDR / EES, 2005. City of Kennewick Shoreline Inventory and Assessment. Prepared for the City of Kennewick. July 2005. Kennewick Municipal Code, 2005. Draft Shoreline Master Program, KMC Chapter 18.92. November 2005. M. Witter, HDR Engineering, personal observation, May, 2006. MAKERS Architecture and Urban Design, 2003. Clover Island Master Plan. Prepared for the Port of Kennewick. 2003. Revised Code of Washington, 1971. Shoreline Management Act, Chapter 90.58 RCW. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2007. See http://www.nww.usace.army.mil/html/offices/op/t/navdata/Nav%20LockData.html U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Conditions National Marine Fisheries Service, 1999. Memorandum to NMFS/NWR staff regarding habitat approach. Washington Administrative Code, 2003. Shoreline Master Program Guidelines Chapter 173-26 WAC. Washington State Department of Ecology, September 2004. Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington, publication number 04-10-076. Appendix A-4 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick Shoreline Cumulative Impact Assessment A Requirement of the Shoreline Management Act Chapter 90.58 RCW Final Draft June 2009 2805 St. Andrews Loop Suite A Pasco, WA 99301 (509) 546-2040 Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick i Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Shoreline Existing 2 2.1 Degraded Shoreline Areas 4 2.2 Land Use Policies 5 2.3 Park Vegetation Management Activities 7 3.0 Shoreline and Adjacent Development 7 3.1 Columbia Park Master Development Plan 8 3.2 Clover Island Master Plan 8 3.3 Stormwater, Road and Trail Improvements 8 4.0 Cumulative Impact Assessment 9 4.1 Summary of Impacts to Ecological Functions 9 4.2 Summary of Impacts to Public Access and Recreation 9 4.3 Summary of Impacts to Views and Aesthetics 5.0 Beneficial Shoreline Policies and Programs 14 5.1 Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Plan 5.2 Shorelines Program and Critical Areas Regulations 5.3 State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) 5.4 Endangered Species Act (ESA) 5.5 Clean Water Act (CWA) 6.0 Conclusions 15 References Tables 1 Shoreline Uses 6 2 Cumulative Impact Assessment-Columbia Park 10 3 Cumulative Impact Assessment-Clover Island 12 Exhibits 1 Kennewick Shoreline 3 2 Proposed Restoration Activities 16 Appendix – Land Ownership Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 1 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 1.0 Introduction The Shoreline Management Act (chapter 90.58 RCW) was enacted in 1971 to provide for the management and protection of shorelines of the state by regulating development in the shoreline area. The goal of the Act is "to prevent the inherent harm in an uncoordinated and piecemeal development of the state's shorelines." The Act requires cities and counties to adopt a Shoreline Master Program (SMP) under rules established by the Washington Department of Ecology (Ecology) to regulate shoreline development and accommodate “all reasonable and appropriate uses” consistent with “protection against adverse effects to the public health, the land and its vegetation and wildlife, and the waters of the state and their aquatic life… and public rights of navigation.” Ecology adopted the 2003 Shoreline Management Act Guidelines (chapter 173-26 WAC) (Guidelines) which require local government review and updates of SMPs. A key feature of the Guidelines is the requirement that local governments evaluate and consider cumulative impacts of development in the shoreline jurisdiction. The Guidelines require that the policies in a SMP must “achieve no net loss of ecological functions that would result from future shoreline development and uses that are reasonably foreseeable” and requires an “assessment of how proposed policies and regulations cause and avoid such cumulative impacts.” The Guidelines require that SMP goals, policies and regulations “achieve no net loss of ecological functions” of the shoreline (WAC 173-26-201(3)(d)(iii)). The term “ecological functions” is defined as follows (WAC 173-26-020(11): “…the work performed or role played by the physical, chemical, and biological processes that contribute to the maintenance of the aquatic and terrestrial environments that constitute the shoreline’s natural ecosystem.” The Guidelines require local governments to “evaluate and consider cumulative impacts of reasonably foreseeable future development on shoreline ecological functions and other shoreline functions fostered by the policy goals of the act.” The cumulative impacts evaluation must consider the following subjects (WAC 173-26-186(8)(d)): Current circumstances affecting the shorelines and relevant natural processes (Section (ii) Reasonably foreseeable future development and use of the shoreline (Section and (iii) Beneficial effects of any established regulatory programs under other local, state, and federal laws (Section This report documents the work completed by the City of Kennewick (City) and the Citizens Advisory Committee to develop a cumulative impact assessment that meets the requirements of the Guidelines, as part of the City’s Shoreline Master Program update. Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 2 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 2.0 Shoreline Existing Conditions This section describes the existing condition of the Kennewick shoreline. The City’s shoreline is comprised of the Columbia River shoreline and 200 feet landward within the Kennewick city limits and urban growth boundaries. Exhibit 1 provides an overview of the City’s shoreline area. Identified on the exhibit are the shorelines designations, wetlands, streams and protected and unprotected shoreline conditions. The protected areas, which includes approximately 80% of the shoreline, is either levee or rip-rap hardened shore. The unprotected areas, primarily in the center and west end of the park, are areas where shore sloughing occurs. Sloughing is caused by rapid fluctuations in pool level based upon McNary Dam operations, by boat wave action, and in some areas by limited vegetation. The Columbia River shoreline in the City of Kennewick has experienced a series of alterations that have significantly reduced and modified riparian function and values. The McNary Dam was built between 1947 and 1954, causing significant physical changes to the Columbia River and Kennewick Shoreline. The creation and filling of Lake Wallula changed the Columbia River’s depth, path, and velocity. Additionally, the pool level from current operations can fluctuate up to 5 feet between minimum and maximum operating levels of 335 and 340 feet above sea level (USACE 2007). This can impact the Kennewick shoreline, particularly in areas where the shoreline is unprotected. All of the designated shoreline within the City of Kennewick is publicly-owned, except for narrow sections of private land ownership east of the Blue-Bridge, according to the City of Kennewick parcel map (see Appendix). All of the narrow sections of private land within the 200’ shoreline management area between the Blue Bridge and Clover Island are controlled by the USACE for its drainage facilities. Land use is managed as active-use park (Columbia Park), as a public port facility (Clover Island), or as a flood control levee and drainage system. The City’s shoreline is highly altered from natural conditions. A significant portion of the shoreline is Columbia Park. Columbia Park includes a golf course, an Audubon nature center with trails, camp ground facilities, playgrounds and other park functions. Columbia Park provides an important public access to the shoreline and the Columbia River. Annual festivals, including boat races and fairs are held at the park. Clover Island is a man-made island that was originally constructed from dredge spoils. It houses the Port of Kennewick offices and associated facilities. The port maintains two marinas that provide private and public access to the shoreline. The flood control levee, drainage facilities, and Duffy’s Pond, located south and Clover Island, is owned and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). Duffy’s pond collects drainage and stormwater that is then pumped to the Columbia River over the flood control levee. Existing environmental features within or adjacent to the 200’ shoreline management area, starting from the east and going west: Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-5 Clover Island High Intensity ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 4 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 • Duffy’s pond/wetland area • Inlet to the Family Fishing Pond • Riverine wetland east • Riverine wetland west • Audubon wetland • Columbia Irrigation District return • Columbia River – Unarmored shoreline • Columbia River – Levee and armored shoreline Habitat functions along the City of Kennewick shoreline are primarily associated with aquatic life, although waterfowl are also common in the shoreline area. Aquatic habitat types include shallow, near-shore environments along the Columbia River, off channel habitats family fishing pond), and perennial to seasonal small waterways. Aquatic habitats are utilized by rearing juvenile Chinook, mosquito fish, and smallmouth bass. Riparian habitat functions are limited throughout this stretch of the river by active recreation use, by ongoing maintenance activities associated with the federal levee system, and by the artificial nature of the pool operation by the federal agencies. These operations have led to shoreline erosion problems, invasive species issues and other impacts that are difficult to control at the local level. 2.1 Degraded Shoreline Areas The habitat functions of the City’s shoreline are somewhat impaired (HDR Memorandum 2007). Much of the shallow near-shore environment along the Columbia River consists of a rip-rap bank with a gravelly cobble substrate and no properly functioning riparian growth. During average and high pool elevation periods, the inundated rip-rap may promote use by smallmouth bass and other predatory species over the more desirable salmonid species. Three small tributary drainages to the Columbia River are accessible to fish and appear to be used by rearing Chinook salmon. Currently, only the family fishing pond and the irrigation waste way near the Kiwanis building are accessible by Columbia River fish. Both of these waterways are used by rearing Chinook. Two other tributary drainages (the duck pond and the campground spring fed stream are inaccessible to fish from the Columbia River. The presence of a persistent population of Gambusia (mosquito fish) in the spring-fed stream suggests a perennial groundwater source for this stream. Waterfowl Canada geese, mallard ducks) and passerine birds are also present in the shoreline area. Canada geese are most commonly found feeding and rearing their young in mowed areas of green grasses near the Columbia River shoreline. Passerine birds crow, common house sparrow) are regularly identified in treed areas where vegetative growth consists of mature cottonwood, willow, or elm. Shoreline vegetation (riparian growth) along the Columbia River varies from un-vegetated along the levee to heavily vegetated near the wetland areas of Columbia Park. The dominant riparian vegetation along the rip-rapped portion of the shoreline is coyote willow and reed canary grass, which are typically kept mowed or cut. Some riparian areas along the Columbia River are not Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 5 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 actively managed and riparian growth consists primarily of mature coyote willow, Russian olive, and cottonwood. Riparian growth along the smaller waterways and wetland areas is typically less disturbed and consists of various native and non-native species including reed canary grass, coyote willow, Russian olive, weeping willow, cottonwood, and elm. The largest exception is the “Duck Pond” where vegetation is largely absent except in the southern most portion of the pond. Riparian growth along the Columbia River is generally minimal, but where left to grow to maturity, it would serve as near shore habitat for rearing juvenile salmon. Riparian vegetation also acts to protect the shoreline from wave action. Well developed root systems help to hold saturated soils in place during fluctuations in pool elevation. Along shorelines of the smaller water ways, riparian growth protects banks from erosion during periods of higher streamflow and holds soil in place along reaches with steep banks. Along the Columbia River shoreline and the shorelines of the smaller waterways, erosion from foot and vehicle traffic is much reduced in areas where riparian growth is left unmanaged. 2.2 Land Use Policies The City has set forth goals and policies for the future development of the shoreline in its Comprehensive Plan, Zoning Code, and draft SMP. The City completed a Shoreline Inventory and Assessment, as required by the Guidelines (WAC 173-26-201(3)(c)), in July 2005. Based on this assessment, the City has categorized areas of the shoreline using environment designations as required by the Guidelines (WAC 173-26-201(3)(f)) and has drafted policies and regulations for development within these environment designations (Intent to Adopt Draft Kennewick Municipal Code 18.68.070). Table 1 summarizes the various land uses associated with each proposed environment designation. The proposed environment designations for the City’s shoreline are defined as follows: • Aquatic Environment – the purpose of the "aquatic" environment is to protect, restore, and manage the unique characteristics and resources of the areas waterward of the ordinary high water mark. Functions of the aquatic environment include aquatic habitat, public access and recreation. The aquatic environment that exists today is much different from the aquatic environment prior to the construction of McNary dam. The lake- like environment combined with the hardening of the shoreline and near- shore aquatic environment in many areas to prevent erosion, has limited habitat function. Much of the shallow near-shore environment along the Columbia River consists of a rip-rap bank with a gravelly cobble substrate and no properly functioning riparian growth. During average and high pool elevation periods, the inundated rip-rap may promote use by smallmouth bass and other predatory species over the more desirable salmonid species. Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 6 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Table 1. Shoreline Uses Clover Island High Intensity Urban Conservancy Aquatic Permit Permit Permit Boating Facilities Water dependent SDP SDP SDP Water oriented SDP CUP Prohibited Commercial Water dependent SDP SDP SDP Water-related and water- enjoyment SDP SDP CUP Non-water oriented SDP CUP Prohibited Industrial Water dependent Prohibited Prohibited in ED map Sections A-D/ CUP Section E Prohibited in ED map Sections A-D/, CUP Section E Water-related and –water enjoyment Prohibited CUP only Section E CUP Non-water oriented Prohibited CUP only Section E Prohibited In-stream Structures SDP for uses that improve ecological functions. CUP for all other uses CUP CUP Historic, Educational and Recreational Water dependent SDP SDP SDP Water-related and water- enjoyment SDP SDP CUP Water-enjoyment – walkways and trails SDP SDP CUP Non-water oriented(5) SDP CUP Prohibited Multi-Family Residential Development SDP Prohibited Prohibited Transportation Motorized (includes transit) SDP SDP CUP Capital Facilities and Utilities All Utilities Water Supply Utilities Signage SDP SDP CUP Fill SDP SDP CUP Dredging Disposal of Dredge Material in Shoreline Jurisdiction CUP CUP CUP 1. SDP = Substantial Development Permit 2. CUP = Conditional Use Permit. Uses not specifically identified may be considered through the CUP application process (see 18.68.240). Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 7 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 • Clover Island High-Intensity Environment – the purpose of the "high- intensity" environment is to provide for high-intensity, water-oriented commercial, transportation, and industrial uses while protecting existing ecological functions and restoring ecological functions in areas that have been previously degraded. The high-intensity environment designation has been applied only to Clover Island. Functions of the high-intensity environment include water dependent, water-oriented, water enjoyment, and as part of mixed use development, non water-oriented uses, public access and recreation, and habitat enhancement. • Urban Conservancy Environment – the purpose of the "urban conservancy" environment is to protect and restore ecological functions of open space, flood plain and other sensitive lands where they exist in urban and developed settings, while allowing a variety of compatible uses. The urban conservancy environment designation has been applied to all shoreline areas landward of the ordinary high water mark with the exception of Clover Island. Functions of the urban conservancy environment include habitat, aquifer recharge, drainage and water quality, public access and recreation. 2.3 Park Vegetation Management Activities The City manages Columbia Park consistent with established best management practices identified in City operational reviews. These practices include: • No mowing within 50’ of the waters edge for the riparian vegetation on the waterway connecting the Family Fishing Pond to the river. • Use of slow release fertilizer and no application of fertilizer within 50’ of the shoreline and other waterbodies. • Selective removal of trees, allowing trees such as willows and Wood’s rose to grow approximately every 50.’ • Raise mower level and angle to maintain riparian vegetation • No mowing in riparian or river-associated wetlands. 3.0 Shoreline and Adjacent Development This section provides information about development projects that are anticipated to occur in the City’s shoreline jurisdiction, or that could potentially impact the shoreline management area from the surrounding area. The City has determined that these projects constitute all “reasonably foreseeable” development that could occur in the City’s shoreline jurisdiction. Two key documents were relied upon to generate the list of potential future development projects within the park: the Columbia Park Master Development Plan and the Clover Island Master Plan. Additionally, upland and adjacent activities for the region that could potentially impact the shoreline area are also identified. These include stormwater drainage facilities from upland development (existing and future) that Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 8 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 discharge in the shoreline area, and road and trail improvements in progress or planned along the shoreline area in Richland. Modest restoration activities are also planned within the shoreline area as described in the City of Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Plan (HDR 2009). See Section 5.1 and Exhibit 2 for a list of proposed restoration activities. Collectively, these potential future developments may have direct or indirect effects on the shoreline area. 3.1 Columbia Park Master Development Plan The primary goal of the Columbia Park Master Development Plan (David Evans and Associates, 2000) is to enhance the existing Columbia Park by creating more public access to the river by boat, bike, and foot. This plan should not be considered as an adopted park master plan. Rather, it serves to provide a menu of the potential park enhancement ideas that were considered. The plan considers the addition of an amphitheater, riparian vegetation enhancement, floating stage, beach cove, waterfront promenade, grass shoreline and fishing pier. Of these items, the floating stage and waterfront promenade have been dismissed as not feasible. Since the 2000 plan, additional development ideas for the park have been entertained, including upgrades to the campground on the west end of the park, and other recreational-based commercial activity. Parking lots will accompany many of these developments. Other potential improvements include riparian planting near the waterfowl (duck) pond, and expansion of the golf course. The City intends to blend these improvements into the existing natural environment to provide ecological and cultural benefits. 3.2 Clover Island Master Plan The Clover Island Master Plan (MAKERS Architecture and Urban Design, 2003) includes plans for development on Clover Island. The plan includes aesthetic and public access enhancements such as pathways, plazas, landscaping and Columbia River viewpoints. The goal of the plan is to encourage public access and recreation by enhancing public facilities on the waterfront. The plan includes ecological improvements such as aquatic habitat enhancement, riparian planting and shoreline stabilization measures to improve salmonid rearing habitat. The Intent to Adopt Draft Kennewick Municipal Code 18.68 includes development standards that will be met as part of Clover Island redevelopment and build out. 3.3 Stormwater, Road and Trail Improvements As identified in the Assessment and Inventory Report, the Family Fishing Pond and Duffy’s Pond receive upland strormwater drainage. As Southridge Master Plan and other development occurs in Kennewick lands to the south, additional stormwater flow will likely drain into these facilities, particularly the Family Fishing Pond, and then flow to the Columbia through the shoreline management area. Drainage for west Kennewick flows to Amon Creek, west of Columbia Park. Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 9 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Looking west of Kennewick, Highway 240 between Kennewick and Richland is being upgraded by Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), with lanes being added, new bridges and overpasses, and an improved bicycle/pedestrian trail located along the eastern foot of the upgraded highway. WSDOT has mitigated impacts for the 240 upgrade by revegetating areas in the Yakima River delta, which is enhancing fish and wildlife habitat. The trail is part of a regional effort to improve the bike path system along the Columbia River throughout the Tri-Cities. The HWY 240 trail upgrades and a Richland proposed upgrade from HWY 240 east to just past the causeway to Bateman Island will complete the loop of trails along the rivershore (HDR 2006), potentially increasing bike traffic through Columbia Park and on Columbia River Trail. Finally, the road (Columbia River Trail) through Columbia Park will likely be modified in the future. Possible modifications would occur within the existing roadway corridor, or the road could be relocated away from the river. 4.0 Cumulative Impact Assessment For the cumulative impact assessment, proposed development projects were evaluated in terms of the environment designation and ecological functions associated with the project area. Potential impacts to ecological functions, public access and recreation, and views and aesthetics were considered. Tables 2 and 3 present a summary of proposed shoreline development projects, the environment designation and shoreline management policies associated with the project location, and potential impacts of the proposed development. Potential impacts are described in detail below. 4.1 Summary of Impacts to Ecological Functions On a programmatic level, if designed and constructed in a way that adheres to the goals, policies and regulations set forth in the SMP, the anticipated shoreline development projects described above will not result in cumulative impacts sufficient to cause a net loss of ecological functions of the shoreline. At the project level, if a proposed development is determined to have potential impacts to ecological functions, the applicant will be required to demonstrate appropriate mitigation of the potential impacts as part of the permitting process. Planned restoration and enhancement activities such as riparian planting and shoreline stabilization will result in a net benefit, promoting and enhancing the ecological functions of the shoreline by providing and improving habitat, reducing shoreline erosion, and improving water quality. 4.2 Summary of Impacts to Public Access and Recreation Most of the anticipated development for the shoreline area is oriented toward improving public access to the river and related recreation opportunities, including pedestrian and bicycle trails, natural areas, and viewpoints. These projects are likely to have a positive impact with regard to public access and recreation functions of the shoreline. Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 10 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Table 2. Cumulative Impact Assessment – Columbia Park Proposed Development Environment Designation / Functions Applicable Shoreline Management Policies Potential Impacts Cumulative Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Public Access and Recreation Impacts to Views and Aesthetics Shoreline stabilization / restoration Urban Conservancy/ Aquatic; functions include habitat, public access, recreation Shoreline stabilization is allowed in support of ecological restoration projects (KMC 18.60.120(3)(a)(v)(C) and CAO Project will promote and restore ecological functions No net loss to public access or recreation No net loss to views or aesthetics Positive Native vegetation plantings Urban Conservancy; functions include habitat, public access, recreation Vegetation conservation activities that contribute to ecological functions are allowed (KMC 18.60.110(2)(e)) and CAO Project will promote and restore ecological functions No net loss to public access or recreation No net loss to views; project will improve aesthetics Positive Installation of pedestrian and bike trails Urban Conservancy; functions include habitat, public access, recreation Recreational uses allowed with no net loss of ecological functions (KMC 18.60.130(3)(e)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts, anticipated to be minor, will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities Project will enhance public opportunities for views and aesthetics No Net Loss Road upgrades Urban Conservancy/ Aquatic; functions include public access and circulaton Transportation improvements allowed with no net loss of ecological functions (KMC 18.60.130(3)(g)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts, anticipated to be minor, will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and circulation No net loss to views; project will improve aesthetics No Net Loss Water-oriented commercial area Urban Conservancy; functions include habitat, public access, recreation Commercial uses allowed under conditional permit (Ecology approval required) (KMC 18.60.130(3)(b)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts, anticipated to be minor, will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities No net loss to views or aesthetics No Net Loss Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 11 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Proposed Development Environment Designation / Functions Applicable Shoreline Management Policies Potential Impacts Cumulative Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Public Access and Recreation Impacts to Views and Aesthetics Boat launch Urban Conservancy/ Aquatic; functions include habitat, public access, recreation Boating facilities allowed under conditional permit (Ecology approval required) (KMC 18.60.130(3)(a)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities No net loss to views or aesthetics No Net Loss Road upgrades Urban Conservancy/ Aquatic; functions include public access and circulaton Transportation improvements allowed with no net loss of ecological functions (KMC 18.60.130(3)(g)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts, anticipated to be minor, will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and circulation No net loss to views; project will improve aesthetics No Net Loss Utilities and drainage Urban Conservancy/Aquatic; Utilities and drainage facilities allowed under substantial development permit or conditional use permit (Ecology approval required) (KMC 18.60.130(3)(a)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas, and within existing ROW/corridors. Potential impacts will be mitigated as necessary Projects will maintain utility and drainage functions No net loss to views or aesthetics No Net Loss Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 12 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Table 3. Cumulative Impact Assessment – Clover Island Proposed Development Environment Designation / Functions Applicable Shoreline Management Policies Potential Cumulative Impacts Cumulative Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Public Access and Recreation Impacts to Views and Aesthetics Marina expansion Clover Island High Intensity / Aquatic; functions include commercial and residential development, habitat, public access, recreation Boating facilities allowed; public access required (KMC 18.60.130(3)(a)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities No net loss to views or aesthetics No Net Loss Habitat enhancement projects Clover Island High Intensity / Aquatic; functions include commercial and residential development, habitat, public access, recreation Shoreline habitat and enhancement projects allowed (KMC 18.60.120(3)(f)) and CAO Project will promote and restore ecological functions No net loss to public access or recreation Project will enhance public opportunities for views and aesthetics Positive Multi-unit, mixed-use residential building Clover Island High Intensity; functions include water-oriented commercial and residential development Multi-unit residential use allowed in mixed-use structures (KMC 18.60.130(3)(f)); buildings subject to height restrictions (KMC 18.60.110(2)(d)) and CAO; Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts, anticipated to be minor, will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities Project will enhance public opportunities for views and aesthetics Positive Water-oriented commercial use in mixed- use building Clover Island High Intensity; functions include water-oriented commercial and residential development Water-oriented commercial uses allowed (KMC 18.60.130(3)(b)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities Project will enhance public opportunities for views and aesthetics No Net Loss Pedestrian path (Duffy’s Pond) Clover Island High Intensity/Urban Conservancy; functions include commercial and residential development, habitat, public access, recreation Recreational uses allowed with no net loss of ecological functions (KMC 18.60.130(3)(e)) and CAO Action will occur outside environmentally sensitive areas. Potential impacts, anticipated to be minor, will be mitigated as necessary Project will enhance public access and recreation opportunities Project will enhance public opportunities for views and aesthetics No Net Loss Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 13 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 Proposed Development Environment Designation / Functions Applicable Shoreline Management Policies Potential Cumulative Impacts Cumulative Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Ecological Functions Impacts to Public Access and Recreation Impacts to Views and Aesthetics Riparian planting (Duffy’s Pond) Clover Island High Intensity / Aquatic; functions include commercial and residential development, habitat, public access, recreation Shoreline habitat and enhancement projects allowed (KMC 18.60.120(3)(f)) and CAO Project will promote and restore ecological functions No net loss to public access or recreation Project will enhance public opportunities for views and aesthetics Positive Utilities and drainage Clover Island High Intensity/Aquatic; Utilities and drainage facilities allowed under substantial development permit or conditional use permit (Ecology approval required) (KMC 18.60.130(3)(a)) and CAO Action will primarily occur outside environmentally sensitive areas, and within existing ROW/corridors. Potential impacts will be mitigated as necessary Projects will maintain utility and drainage functions No net loss to views or aesthetics No Net Loss Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 14 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 4.3 Summary of Impacts to Views and Aesthetics Clover Island development consistent with the proposed standards are likely to have a positive impact with regard to shoreline aesthetics of the shoreline. The identified potential uses are accompanied by enhanced public access and views of the river from existing and planned pathways and viewpoint opportunities. Shoreline views from existing residences near the island are non-existent, as the levee blocks the existing views. Shoreline views from Canal Drive, approximately two miles away, will be diminished (less than 5% reduction) for the Columbia River on the Pasco portion of the shoreline. Skyline impacts will be reduced for residents and businesses just south of Clover Island, where buildings would extend above the existing building rooftops in designated areas. 5.0 Beneficial Shoreline Policies and Programs This section describes established regulatory programs under local, state and federal laws that may provide benefits to the City’s shorelines. These benefits result in a positive cumulative impact to the ecological functions of the City’s shoreline. 5.1 Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Plan The City has prepared a shoreline restoration plan as part of the City’s SMP update, as required by the Guidelines (WAC 173-26-186(8)(c)). The plan identifies degraded shoreline areas and impaired ecological functions, sets goals and objectives for restoration, and identifies potential restoration projects and programs to be implemented. The restoration plan is an integral part of the City’s SMP. Exhibit 2 summarized the proposed shoreline restoration activities. 5.2 Shorelines Program and Critical Areas Regulations The Shorelines Program and Shorelines critical areas regulations (Appendix A- 2 of the SMP) provides for protection of habitat functions and values through no not loss requirements, and avoidance and mitigation requirements. 5.3 State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) The City would typically act as their own Lead Agency under SEPA, which requires the evaluation of potential impacts of development on the natural and built environment, and requires mitigation for adverse impacts. This regulatory requirement will help support the protection of the shoreline environment. 5.4 Endangered Species Act (ESA) If a proposed action were to potentially impact a Federally listed Threatened or Endangered species, ESA requires that a biological assessment and conservation measures and/or conditions to minimize adverse effects of proposed development. These assessments will be conducted, as necessary, on a project-specific basis. The overall cumulative impacts from anticipated projects are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 15 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 5.5 Clean Water Act (CWA) Potential near shore or in-water work would require either a Section 404 Permit and/or a Section 401 Permit for compliance with CWA. This review would ensure that proposed projects would be permitted in compliance with the CWA which would help support water quality and ecological functions. 6.0 Conclusions The Shoreline Management Act requires local governments to strike a delicate balance between protection of the ecological functions of the shoreline environment and utilization and enjoyment of the shoreline area by the public. The potential conflict of these seemingly disparate goals is noted in the Guidelines (WAC 173-26-176(2)): “The policy goals for the management of shorelines harbor potential for conflict. The act recognizes that the shorelines and the waters they encompass are "among the most valuable and fragile" of the state's natural resources… The prohibition of all use of shorelines also could eliminate their human utility and value. Thus, the policy goals of the act relate both to utilization and protection of the extremely valuable and vulnerable shoreline resources of the state. The act calls for the accommodation of "all reasonable and appropriate uses" consistent with "protecting against adverse effects to the public health, the land and its vegetation and wildlife, and the waters of the state and their aquatic life" and consistent with "public rights of navigation." The act's policy of achieving both shoreline utilization and protection is reflected in the provision that "permitted uses in the shorelines of the state shall be designed and conducted in a manner to minimize… any resultant damage to the ecology and environment of the shoreline area and the public's use of the water.” The ongoing monitoring and assessment of cumulative impacts is key to creating and maintaining this balance. It is recommended that the City Planning Department conduct a review this Cumulative Impact Assessment and the Shoreline Restoration Plan every five years. In addition, the City may consider the potential impacts of shoreline development in adjacent jurisdictions on the ecological functions of the City’s shoreline, and solicit feedback from the City Council. This recommendation is carried forth in the City’s SMP (KMC 18.68.270). Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kennewick 17 Cumulative Impact Assessment June 2009 References David Evans and Associates, 2000. Columbia Park Master Development Plan. Prepared for the City of Kennewick. 2000. HDR, 2006. City of Richland Wye Levee Trail Improvement Project, Biological Assessment. August 2006. HDR, 2007. City of Kennewick Shoreline Restoration Plan. HDR, 2007. Memorandum on Columbia River, McNary Pool – Riparian Buffer. HDR / EES, 2005. City of Kennewick Shoreline Inventory and Assessment. Prepared for the City of Kennewick. July 2005. Kennewick Municipal Code, 2005. Draft Shoreline Master Program, KMC Chapter 18.60. November 2005. MAKERS Architecture and Urban Design, 2003. Clover Island Master Plan. Prepared for the Port of Kennewick. 2003. Revised Code of Washington, 1971. Shoreline Management Act, Chapter 90.58 RCW. Washington Administrative Code, 2003. Shoreline Master Program Guidelines Chapter 173-26 WAC. Appendix A-5 ---PAGE BREAK--- Clover Island High Intensity Special Area Plan Standards Appendices • Appendix A‐6‐1: Map of Clover Island Existing and Future Views • Appendix A‐6‐2: Map of Clover Island Public Access • Appendix A‐6‐3: Map of Clover Island Building Heights by Development Site • Appendix A‐6‐4: Clover Island Aquatic and Riparian Habitat Enhancement Appendix A-6 Clover Island High Intensity Special Area Plan Standards ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-6-1 Clover Island High Intensity Special Area Plan Standards ---PAGE BREAK--- Clover Island High Intensity Special Area Plan Standards Appendix A-6-2 ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-6-3 Clover Island High Intensity Special Area Plan Standards ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A‐6‐4 Clover Island Aquatic and Riparian Habitat Enhancement Construction • Protect Columbia River from transporting silt and debris by placing floating turbidity barriers or curtains placed in water at the outer limits of the affected shore areas for construction activities below the OHWM • Restrict loose material from entering Columbia River by constructing silt fence in compliance with the Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington • Minimize or avoid construction impacts from turbidity or accidental discharge of petroleum or waste products during construction by: o No‐in water construction activities except as specified in applicable federal and state biological and hydrologic permits o Other construction related BMPs as specified in applicable federal and state biological and hydrologic permits • All waste materials such as construction debris, silt, excess dirt or overburden shall be deposited above the limit of flood waters in an approved upland disposal site. • Any hazardous material spills or indication of fish distress or kill shall be immediately reported to the City and applicable federal and state agencies, including Washington Department of Ecology. Operations shall cease until approval for resumption is granted by the applicable federal and state permitting agencies. Notification of resumption approval by these agencies shall be provided to the City. • Boulders, metal frameworks and concrete structures deployed on the river bed and bank shall be of sufficient specifications that, then in combination with the engineering proposed, prevent them from being washed away by 100‐year flows. Ballasting and anchoring of trees and brush piles are excluded from this provision (see discussion below). • Fill placed within the wetted perimeter along the northern side of the island must first be screened to comprise by weight less than 1% fine sand or smaller particles. Enhance Aquatic and Riparian Habitat Structure Fill and shoreline stabilization measures shall: • Maintain and enhance shoreline slope both above and below OWHM from current baseline of ½:1 and 1:1 to 2:1 or 3:1, with exceptions of maintaining 1:1 slope for island areas where waterward slope doesn’t support a more gradual slope. • Remove concrete from existing riparian area. Crushed concrete can used as fill base for riparian habitat slope enhancement. • Constructs below 344’ MSLE muse be curvilinear landward arcs in planform and the waterward built surfaces below 344’ shall be buffered and occluded with anchored brush piles and/or ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A‐6‐4 ballasted rootwads, which must provide substantial functional cover for juvenile salmonids and for wave energy dissipation. • Place anchored large woody debris root wads on average every 75 meters, with clustering consistent with habitat objectives specified in applicable federal and state permits. Vegetation Planting, Monitoring and Maintenance Development and Shoreline Modification proposals shall: • Develop a Planting Plan, proposing both aquatic and riparian species. Aquatic and riparian vegetation planting plan shall be implemented using plant species specified in Table 1. Plant substitutions may be allowed for plant availability or survival problems, so long as plants are similar in size and growth habit and approved by a qualified biologist familiar with the vegetation planting plan. A minimum of ½ of the aquatic vegetation plantings shall be integrated with woody debris root wads to improve survival chances. • Develop a five year monitoring & maintenance plan. For riparian revegetation, the applicant shall assure 100 percent survival of trees and shrubs during the first two years of monitoring, and 100 percent survival of trees and 80 percent survival of shrubs during the final three years of monitoring. For aquatic plant maintenance, the applicant shall promote aquatic planting survival rates by monitoring invasive non‐native plant species and contacting the Department of Ecology’s Environmental Assessment Program and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife for assistance in removing invasive aquatic plant species. The applicant shall monitor aquatic vegetation planting success and adjust methods over time, as appropriate, to improve survival and habitat conditions. • Maintaining terrestrial plants during the five‐year monitoring period consistent with specified survival standards, including removal of dead or dying plants, weeding of non‐native invasive species, and irrigation. Maintenance shall not include application of toxic chemicals or pruning, except to maintain proscribed view corridors. • Maintain and designate approximately 20 percent of the river frontage on the west and north sides of the Island (including the Notch) for increased overhanging vegetation by marking areas where thinning and topping of native vegetation shall not occur. Table 1 – Plant Species to be used for revegetation and bank stabilization along enhanced shorelines Red Maple Acer rubrum Japanese Red Barberry Berberis thunbergii “Atropurpurea” Serviceberry Amelanchier sp. Golden Current Ribes aureum Paper Birch Betula papyrifera Shrubby Penstemon Penstemon fruticosus Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperus scopulorum Tall Oregon Grape Mahonia aquifolium Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra Dwarf Oregon Grape Mahonia nervosa Pacific Willow Morning Light Miscanthus ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A‐6‐4 Salix lucida ssp. Lasiandra Miscanthus sinensis Red‐Osier Dogwood Cornus stolonifera Blue Oat Grass Helictotrichon sempervirens Anthony Waterer Spirea Spiraea X bumalda White Rockrose Cistus sp. Karl Foerster Feather Reed Grass Calamagrostis x acutiflora Kinnikinick Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Dwarf Blueosier Willow Salix purpurea Lawn‐hydroseed from local supplier Russian Sage Perovskia atriplicifolia Huckleberry Galussacia baccata Coyote willow Salix exigua Nebraska Sedge Carex nebraskensis Common Spike‐Rush Eleocharis palustris Hardstem Bulrush Scirpus acutus Three‐Square Bulrush Scirpus americanus Softstem bulrush Scirpus validus Common Cattail Typha latifolia ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendix A-6-5 Clover Island High Intensity Environment Uses(1) Table Home occupation Residences, multifamily Residences, caretaker Alcoholic beverage sale (packaged) Accessory uses Banks and financial institutions Barbers, beauty shops, tanning salons, and body art Bars Boat and watercraft building, sales, repair and rental, commercial Boat marinas Boating fuel stations Commercial amusement and recreation Espresso stands (sidewalk) Essential public facilities and utilities Float plane moorage (upon FAA approval) Offices, including professional offices, agencies and services Photographic studios Public/quasi public facilities and services Restaurants Retail uses such as boutique theme shops and gift shops Schools, private Towers, antennas, and supporting structures, including amateur radio towers, 55 feet or less Transient accommodations (including hotels and motels) Allowed When Consistent with Shorelines Master Program “Mixed Use” Provisions