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MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring City of Kalispell, Montana Storm Water Management Program January 9, 2018 Prepared by ---PAGE BREAK--- This page intentionally left blank ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 i Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Purpose 1 2 Kalispell MS4-Related 1 2.1. TMDL Overview 1 2.2. TMDL Strategy 2 3 Monitoring Locations and Strategies 2 3.1. Sites 001 and 001a: Hydrodynamic Separator Effectiveness Evaluation 2 3.2. Site 002: Assess Future BMP Performance in Commercial/ Industrial Area 3 3.3. Site 004: Assess Future BMP Performance in Residential Area 4 4 Monitoring Requirements 6 4.1. Field Sampling Methods 6 4.2. Sampling Parameters and Analytical Methods 7 4.3. Sample Handling and Documentation 7 4.4. Storm Events and Sample Frequency 8 4.5. Quality Assurance/Quality 9 4.6. Analysis of Results 9 5 Reporting 9 Figures Figure 1. Monitoring Sites 001 and 001a 3 Figure 2. Monitoring Site 002 4 Figure 3. Monitoring Site 004 5 Tables Table 1. Summary of with Kalispell MS4 Approved WLAs 2 Table 2. TMDL-Related Monitoring Sample Locations 5 Table 3. Self-Monitoring Sample Locations 6 Table 4. Analytical Methods 8 Appendices Appendix A – Supplemental Figures ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 1 1 Introduction 1.1. Background The City of Kalispell (City) operates its storm drainage system under the authorization of the Montana Pollution Discharge Elimination System (MPDES) General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s), hereafter referred to as the MS4 General Permit. The current MS4 General Permit, issued by the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), is effective from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2021. In accordance with Part III of the MS4 General Permit, the City is required to develop a sampling plan for total maximum daily load (TMDL) related monitoring, due with the first year’s annual report; and a TMDL section in its Storm Water Management Program (SWMP), due with the fourth year’s annual report. The results from the TMDL-related monitoring will be used in conjunction with the TMDL section of the SWMP to address applicable Similarly, Part IV of the MS4 General Permit requires semi-annual monitoring (self-monitoring) that may be satisfied entirely or in part by the TMDL-related monitoring required under Part III. 1.2. Purpose The purpose of this sampling plan is to describe the City’s TMDL-related monitoring program for the 2017 through 2021 permit term. More specific details relating to the purpose of this plan are as follows: The City has selected TMDL-related monitoring Option 2; therefore, this plan will be implemented to track and evaluate effectiveness of BMPs selected for reducing MS4 loading to impaired waterbodies. In accordance with the MS4 General Permit requirements, this plan will ultimately become a part of the TMDL section of the City’s SWMP (which will be submitted with the fourth year’s annual report in 2020). The City has selected self-monitoring Option 2 (see Part IV of the MS4 General Permit). The monitoring locations identified in this plan will also be used to fulfill the self-monitoring requirements. Additional discussion on the City’s plan for self-monitoring is provided in Section 8 of the City’s SWMP. This document, when implemented, will fulfill the requirements of Part III.B of the MS4 General Permit, requiring a sampling plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring. 2 Kalispell MS4-Related 2.1. TMDL Overview There are six named or perennial surface waters that receive stormwater discharges from the City’s MS4 outfalls. These receiving waters are as follows: Whitefish River Stillwater River Ashley Creek ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 2 Spring Creek Bowser/Little Spring Creek- Aka Kids Creek-Classified as an unnamed perennial Unnamed perennial surface water tributary to Ashley Creek from Foys Lake The Whitefish River, Stillwater River, Spring Creek, and Ashley Creek are classified as impaired surface waters of the state and each has an approved pollutant TMDL with waste load allocation (WLA). Table 1 summarizes the impaired waterbodies with within the Kalispell MS4 boundary and the associated pollutant of impairment. Figure A.1 (Appendix A) provides a map of the City’s outfalls and associated receiving waterbodies. Table 1. Summary of with Kalispell MS4 Approved WLAs Waterbody Pollutants of Impairment Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen1 Dissolved Oxygen Sediment Temperature Whitefish River X Stillwater River X Spring Creek X X X Ashley Creek2 X X X X X 1 TN is a surrogate TMDL for Nitrate+Nitrite 2 Middle and Lower Segments 2.2. TMDL Strategy Part III.B of the MS4 General Permit specifies that the City shall develop and implement a section of their SWMP to address More specifically, the City must include in its SWMP a section identifying the measures and BMPs it plans to implement, describing the City’s impairment priorities and long term strategy, and outlining interim milestones a completion schedule for action items) for controlling the discharge of the pollutants of concern and making progress towards meeting the TMDL. The City has yet to develop this section of the SWMP; however, the City has selected its monitoring locations in watersheds where they are currently planning to implement BMPs aimed at reducing pollutants of impairment for its receiving waterbodies. Additional discussion of target pollutants and impairment priorities will be provided within the TMDL section of the SWMP when it is submitted. 3 Monitoring Locations and Strategies 3.1. Sites 001 and 001a: Hydrodynamic Separator Effectiveness Evaluation The City installed a Defender® hydrodynamic separator in August 2016 near the intersection of Sylvan Drive and Sylvan Court (see Figure This area drains to the Stillwater River, which has an MS4 WLA for sediment. The City will conduct monitoring immediately upstream and of the hydrodynamic separator in order to evaluate its effectiveness at removing sediment from MS4 wet weather discharges. Additional parameters will also be analyzed in accordance with Table 1. Small MS4 Monitoring Requirements, of Part IV.A. in the MS4 General Permit. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 3 The results of this evaluation will be used to assist the City in making informed decisions about whether to install a Defender® hydrodynamic separator, or equivalent device, in other locations. Figure 1. Monitoring Sites 001 and 001a 3.2. Site 002: Assess Future BMP Performance in Commercial/ Industrial Area Kalispell MS4 drainage area SWR-7 drains to the Stillwater River, which has an MS4 WLA for sediment. A monitoring location is located near the outfall of this watershed on Wyoming Street (see Figure The drainage area is approximately 100 acres, comprised mostly of commercial/industrial land use. The City is planning to implement future BMPs within this drainage area in an effort to reduce the MS4’s discharge of sediment to the Stillwater River. The monitoring results from samples collected before the BMPs are implemented within the drainage area (baseline samples) will establish the existing conditions. Future monitoring results will be compared to the baseline samples as BMP(s) are added within the drainage basin. The City plans to use the monitoring data results from this site to assess the BMP effectiveness in this immediate watershed (drainage area SWR-7) and develop a plan for installing BMPs in other commercial/industrial areas. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 4 Figure 2. Monitoring Site 002 3.3. Site 004: Assess Future BMP Performance in Residential Area Kalispell MS4 drainage area AC-11 drains to Ashley Creek, which has an MS4 WLA for phosphorus, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, sediment, and temperature. A monitoring location is located near the outfall of this watershed on 11th Street West (see Figure The drainage area is approximately 300 acres, comprised mostly of residential land use. The City is planning to implement future BMPs within this drainage area in an effort to reduce the MS4’s discharge of pollutants to Ashley Creek. The monitoring results from baseline samples collected within the drainage area will establish the existing conditions. Monitoring results will be compared to the baseline data as BMP(s) are added within the drainage basin. The City plans to use the results of the monitoring data at this site to assess BMP effectiveness in this immediate watershed (drainage area AC-11) and plan future BMPs in other residential areas. A summary of all TMDL-related monitoring locations is provided in Table 2. For reference, Table 3 provides a summary of all self-monitoring locations where sampling will be conducted in accordance with Part IV of the MS4 General Permit. Comparison of Table 2 and Table 3 reveals that three of the self-monitoring locations will also be used for TMDL-related monitoring. This allows the City to be more efficient with collection of samples and analysis of monitoring data each year. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 5 Figure 3. Monitoring Site 004 Table 2. TMDL-Related Monitoring Sample Locations Name Watershed Receiving Waterbody Location Sample Collection Method Number of Samples (Annually) Sample Parameter(s) (MS4 Listed Impairments) 001 SWR-4 Stillwater River 48°11’40.14”N 114°17’55.76”W Grab 4 Sediment 001a SWR-4 Stillwater River 48°11’40.70”N 114°17’57.38”W Grab 4 Sediment 002 SWR-7 Stillwater River 48°12’26.98”N 114°18’49.81”W Grab1 4 Sediment 004 AC-11 Ashley Creek 48°11’10.01”N 114°19’17.46”W Grab1 4 TP, TN, DO, Sediment, Temperature 1 A composite sample is the preferred sample collection method for this site; however, experience collecting grab samples at this site will help the City develop a better understanding of site conditions resulting in a more effective implementation plan and design for collecting composite samples in the future. The City will consider development of a composite sample collection and analysis plan for this site in the coming years. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 6 Table 3. Self-Monitoring Sample Locations Name Watershed Receiving Waterbody Location Sample Collection Method Frequency Sample Parameter(s) 001 SWR-4 Stillwater River 48°11’40.14”N 114°17’55.76”W Grab Semi-annual1 Total Suspended Solids Chemical Oxygen Demand Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen pH Copper Lead Zinc Estimated Flow Oil and Grease 002 SWR-7 Stillwater River 48°12’26.98”N 114°18’49.81”W Grab Semi-annual1 003-A AC-A Ashley Creek 48°11’43.49”N 114°22’23.71”W Grab Semi-annual1 004 AC-11 Ashley Creek 48°11’10.01”N 114°19’17.46”W Grab Semi-annual1 1 One sample must be collected between January 1st and June 30th of each permitted calendar year and the other sample between July 1st and December 31st. 4 Monitoring Requirements Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) is critical for accurate sampling. This section provides details of sampling methods, laboratory analytical methods, and QA/QC procedures to be used in sampling. 4.1. Field Sampling Methods The City will use manual sample collection techniques to conduct monitoring activities at each site in the immediate future. In the coming years, automated samplers will likely be used to collect composite samples at sites 002 and 004. Each of these methods are discussed below. 4.1.1 Manual Sample Collection Manual grab techniques will be used to collect samples at 001, 001a, and 0031 throughout the duration of this plan. The grab sample method is suitable for site’s 001 and 001a because samples will be collected within minutes of each other and since the hydraulic residence time that stormwater is in the BMP is only a few minutes, this approach will provide an accurate comparison of influent and effluent water quality for the Defender® hydrodynamic separator. A grab sample at site 003 will be used to evaluate the quality of water in Ashley Creek upstream of Kalispell’s MS4. Manual grab techniques will also be used to collect samples at sites 002 and 004 in the immediate future; however, the City is considering the use of automated samplers to collect composite samples at these sites in the coming years (see Section 4.1.2). The samples will be collected by field personnel during rainfall events. Rainfall events will be monitored by weather surveillance radar so that field personnel can determine when to be present in the watershed during active events to obtain manual samples.2 Samples will be collected in clean, 1 Site 003 is a self-monitoring site and will not be part of the TMDL-related monitoring. 2 Radar is available via the Nation Weather Service webpage ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 7 labeled bottles provided by the laboratory. If necessary, an extension pole, rope or other apparatus can be used to aid the field crew in safe sample collection, especially during high flow conditions. 4.1.2 Automated Sample Collection If applicable, automated sampling devices will be used to collect composite samples; that is, small constant volume samples that are collected throughout a runoff event (as opposed to a manual grab sample, which only represents one point in time during an event). The City owns two ISCO 6712 automated sample devices which will likely be used to collect composite samples at site’s 002 and 004 in the future. The primary monitoring objective at site’s 002 and 004 is to assess the impact of future BMPs implemented upstream using sample data collected near the point in a local watershed. Composite sampling is preferred for these locations because it would provide an event mean concentration of the pollutants from the runoff event; however, as noted above, additional experience and understanding of site conditions is needed to effectively and accurately collect and analyze composite samples. If automated sampling is implemented, the City expects that flow-weighted sampling would be used by collecting multiple aliquots (small samples) over the duration of the storm in one bottle which will be shipped to the Montana Environmental Laboratory for analysis following the storm event. 4.1.3 Sampling Equipment Decontamination Decontaminated sample collection bottles and lids will be provided by the laboratory. 4.2. Sampling Parameters and Analytical Methods The water quality samples collected will be analyzed for the MS4 listed pollutants of impairment in the specific receiving waterbody as well as the parameters listed in Table 1 of Part IV.A in the MS4 General Permit (Small MS4 Monitoring Requirements). Table 4 shows the parameters and standard analytical methods to be used. All data should meet the precision, recovery, and accuracy requirements specified in the laboratory method used. The laboratory used for this study will maintain internal quality assurance/quality control procedures as documented in their laboratory quality assurance manual. The laboratory will use a combination of blanks, laboratory control spikes, surrogates, and duplicates to evaluate the analytical results. 4.3. Sample Handling and Documentation Automatic samplers will be serviced immediately following a storm event. Chain of custody forms will accompany all samples. A Field Log will be kept for each sampling site with the details of the date, time, personnel, and purpose of visit, weather, and conditions observed, samples collected and actions performed. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 8 Table 4. Analytical Methods Parameter Analytical Method Reporting Limit (mg/L) Sample Container Preservative Holding Time (days) Total Suspended Solids SM 2540 D 1 1 L plastic3 None3 Analyze immediately3 Total Phosphorus E365.1 0.01 Nitrogen – Kjeldahl, total1 E351.2 0.2 Nitrate & Nitrite, total1 E353.2 E300A 0.01 Chemical Oxygen Demand2 E410.1 E410.4 1 Total Recoverable Copper2 E200.8 0.01 Total Recoverable Lead2 E200.8 0.001 Total Recoverable Zinc2 E200.7 E200.8 0.01 Oil and Grease2 E1664A 1 1 L glass H2SO4 to pH<2 Cool to 4°C 28 Estimated Flow2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 Dissolved Oxygen SM 4500-OG 0.1 N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 Temperature N/A 0.1°C N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 pH2 E150.1 0.1 unit N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 1 Total Nitrogen is calculated from Nitrogen – Kjeldahl, total and Nitrate & Nitrite, total. 2 These parameters will only be analyzed semi-annually, in accordance with the City’s self-monitoring plan. 3 Samples will be immediately delivered to the Montana Environmental Lab in Kalispell. The lab staff will separate the 1L samples so that each parameter can be analyzed. Preservatives will be added by the lab staff, if necessary. 4 The City analyze for estimated flow, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH, onsite. 4.4. Storm Events and Sample Frequency Sampling will be attempted for measurable runoff events (that is a rainfall events that produce any volume of runoff flowing past/through the monitoring location that will allow a sample to be collected). In accordance with Part IV.a.6.a. of the MS4 General Permit, a minimum of one sample will be collected at each site between January 1st and June 30th and a minimum of one sample will be collected at each site between July 1st and December 31st of each year. The City will attempt to ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 9 collect four samples annually for MS4 listed impairments at each site (see Table 2).3 Four annual samples will provide greater assurance that data is representative. Precipitation will be monitored using a combination of on-site or web-based rain gauges4, and the radar managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Nation Weather Service. This data may be used to delineate storm characteristics, if necessary (timing, duration, intensity, and relative total rainfall). 4.5. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples will be analyzed using the designated EPA Method or Standard Method as defined in Table 4. Chain-of-custody procedures will be followed for samples sent to the laboratory. 4.6. Analysis of Results All sample results will be compiled into a spreadsheet containing the results for each parameter at every sample site. The analysis method will vary depending on the sample collection method and site objectives, which are described in the subsequent sections. 4.6.1 Sample Collection at Sites 001 and 001a The objective at sample site’s 001 and 001a is to compare influent and effluent data for the Defender® hydrodynamic separator. BMP effectiveness will be quantified by calculating the percent change in pollutant concentration between the two sample sites, using Equation 1. The calculated percent change for each sample collected will be presented on a graph (sample date vs. percent change) to assess the long-term performance of the BMP. Percent Change= Ci-Ce Ci *100 Equation 1 Where: Ci = Influent concentration (mg/L) Ce = Effluent concentration (mg/L) 4.6.2 Sample Collection at Sites 002 and 004 A graph will be generated showing sample date (time) vs. concentration, for each parameter. These graphics will show the trend in water quality data over the period of time which samples are being collected. A downward trend will indicate that BMPs implemented upstream are effective, while a stagnant or upward trend would indicate the BMPs implemented upstream are not effective at reducing pollutants. A separate analysis of each parameter can be used to help understand the effectiveness of BMPs for a variety of parameters considered. 5 Reporting The results from TMDL-related monitoring will be presented and discussed in each year’s MS4 annual report. The discussion will focus on the evaluation of the effectiveness of BMPs being implemented to address pollutants of impairment within each local watershed as well as changes in water quality over time. 3 Only two of the four annual samples will be analyzed for the full suite of self-monitoring parameters (listed in Table 1. Small MS4 Monitoring Requirements, of Part IV.A. in the MS4 General Permit). 4 The following websites provide historic rainfall data for the City of Kalispell: http://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mso; http://mesowest.utah.edu/cgi-bin/droman/precip_monitor.cgi?state=MSO&rawsflag=3 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring Appendix A. Supplemental Figures ---PAGE BREAK--- Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community PATH: G:\PROJECTS\KALISPELL\KALISPELL MS4\MAP_DOCS\FIGURE 1 - RECEIVING WATERBODIES MAP.MXD - USER: MPETERSO - DATE: 12/29/2017 MS4 RECEIVING WATERBODIES MAP FIGURE A.1 CITY OF KALISPELL, MT MS4 SAMPLING PLAN FOR TMDL-RELATED MONITORING (CLIENT LOGO) 0 4,000 Feet O DATA SOURCE: ESRI, City of Kalispell LEGEND Outfall Storm Main Kalispell Receiving Waterbody City Limits Approximate Drainage Basin* Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Spring Creek Stillwater River Unnamed Perennial Whitefish River Areas which Generally Drain to an Infiltration Basin *Note: Drainage basin delineations are approximate and only consider areas within the city limits. These delineations are intended to generally depict which waterbodies portions of the MS4 drains to. Stillwater River Stillwater River Whitefish River Spring Creek Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Unnamed Perennial Ashley Creek Flathead River ---PAGE BREAK--- !H !H !H !H !H Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community PATH: S:\PW DATA\DEPARTMENTS\STORMWATER\PHASE II STORMWATER PERMIT\STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM\STORM SAMPLING\EDITABLE DOCUMENTS\FIGURE 2 - MONITORING LOCATIONS MAP UPDATE.MXD - USER: CLEWIS - DATE: 1/9/2020 MS4 TMDL AND SELF-MONITORING LOCATIONS FIGURE A.2 CITY OF KALISPELL, MT MS4 SAMPLING PLAN FOR TMDL-RELATED MONITORING 0 4,000 Feet O DATA SOURCE: ESRI, City of Kalispell LEGEND !H Monitoring Location Outfall Storm Main Kalispell Receiving Waterbody City Limits Approximate Drainage Basin* Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Spring Creek Stillwater River Unnamed Perennial Whitefish River Areas which Generally Drain to an Infiltration Basin *Note: Drainage basin delineations are approximate and only consider areas within the city limits. These delineations are intended to generally depict which waterbodies portions of the MS4 drains to. Stillwater River Stillwater River Whitefish River Spring Creek Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Unnamed Perennial Ashley Creek Flathead River Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community 0 300 Feet WOODLAND AVE SYLVAN DR SYLVAN CT O Flathead River Site 003-A - Self-Monitoring Location Site 004 - TMDL & Self-Monitoring Location Site 002 - TMDL & Self-Monitoring Location Site 001a - TMDL Monitoring Location Site 001 - TMDL & Self- Monitoring Location