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MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring City of Kalispell, Montana Storm Water Management Program January 9, 2018 Updated November 2022 Prepared by ---PAGE BREAK--- This page intentionally left blank ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 i Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Purpose 1 2 Kalispell MS4-Related 2 2.1. TMDL Overview 2 2.2. TMDL Strategy 2 3 Monitoring Locations and Strategies 3 3.1. Sites 001, 001a, and 001p: Hydrodynamic Separator Effectiveness Evaluation 3 3.2. Site 002: Assess Future BMP Performance in Commercial/ Industrial Area 4 3.3. Site 004: Assess Future BMP Performance in Residential Area 5 4 Monitoring Requirements 7 4.1. Field Sampling Methods 7 4.2. Sampling Parameters and Analytical Methods 8 4.3. Sample Handling and Documentation 8 4.4. Storm Events and Sample Frequency 8 4.5. Quality Assurance/Quality 9 4.6. Analysis of Results 9 5 Reporting 10 Figures Figure 1. Monitoring Sites 001, 001a, and 3 Figure 2. Monitoring Site 002 4 Figure 3. Monitoring Site 004 5 Tables Table 1. Summary of with Kalispell MS4 Approved WLAs 2 Table 2. TMDL-Related Monitoring Sample Locations 6 Table 3. Storm Event Monitoring Sample Locations 6 Table 4. Analytical Methods 9 Appendices Appendix A – Supplemental Figures ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 1 1 Introduction 1.1. Background The City of Kalispell (City) operates its storm drainage system under the authorization of the Montana Pollution Discharge Elimination System (MPDES) General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s), hereafter referred to as the MS4 General Permit. This sampling plan was created to maintain compliance with the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit, issued by the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). In accordance with Part III of the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit, the City was required to develop a sampling plan for total maximum daily load (TMDL) related monitoring, due with the first year’s annual report; and a TMDL section in its Storm Water Management Program (SWMP), due with the fourth year’s annual report. The results from the TMDL-related monitoring were used in conjunction with the TMDL section of the SWMP to address applicable Similarly, Part IV of the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit requires semi-annual monitoring (self-monitoring) that may be satisfied entirely or in part by the TMDL-related monitoring required under Part III. The 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit has similar requirements, and this sampling plan will be used to meet those requirements with minimal modifications. 1.2. Purpose The purpose of this sampling plan is to describe the City’s TMDL-related monitoring program. More specific details relating to the purpose of this plan are as follows: The City has selected TMDL-related monitoring Option 2 of the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit; therefore, this plan will be implemented to track and evaluate effectiveness of BMPs selected for reducing MS4 loading to impaired waterbodies. In accordance with the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit requirements, this plan ultimately became a part of the TMDL section of the City’s SWMP (which was be submitted with the fourth year’s annual report in 2020). The City has selected self-monitoring Option 2 (see Part IV of the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit). The monitoring locations identified in this plan will also be used to fulfill the self- monitoring requirements. Additional discussion on the City’s plan for self-monitoring is provided in Section 9 of the City’s SWMP. o Note: The 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit changed the term self-monitoring to storm event monitoring. This document, when implemented, fulfills the requirements of Part III.B of the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit, requiring a sampling plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring and Part II.C of the 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 2 2 Kalispell MS4-Related 2.1. TMDL Overview There are six named or perennial surface waters that receive stormwater discharges from the City’s MS4 outfalls. These receiving waters are as follows: Whitefish River Stillwater River Ashley Creek Spring Creek Bowser/Little Spring Creek- Aka Kids Creek-Classified as an unnamed perennial Unnamed perennial surface water tributary to Ashley Creek from Foys Lake The Whitefish River, Stillwater River, Spring Creek, and Ashley Creek are classified as impaired surface waters of the state and each has an approved pollutant TMDL with waste load allocation (WLA). Table 1 summarizes the impaired waterbodies with within the Kalispell MS4 boundary and the associated pollutant of impairment. Figure A.1 (Appendix A) provides a map of the City’s outfalls and associated receiving waterbodies. Table 1. Summary of with Kalispell MS4 Approved WLAs Waterbody Pollutants of Impairment Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen1 Dissolved Oxygen Sediment Temperature Whitefish River X Stillwater River X Spring Creek X X X Ashley Creek2 X X X X X 1 TN is a surrogate TMDL for Nitrate+Nitrite 2 Middle and Lower Segments 2.2. TMDL Strategy Part III.B of the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit specified that the City shall develop and implement a section of their SWMP to address More specifically, the City must include in its SWMP a section identifying the measures and BMPs it plans to implement, describing the City’s impairment priorities and long-term strategy, and outlining interim milestones a completion schedule for action items) for controlling the discharge of the pollutants of concern and making progress towards meeting the TMDL. The City has developed this section of the SWMP and submitted to DEQ for review in 2020. The City has selected its monitoring locations in watersheds where they are currently planning to implement or have implemented BMPs aimed at reducing pollutants of impairment for its receiving waterbodies. Additional discussion of target pollutants and impairment priorities are provided within the TMDL section of the SWMP. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 3 3 Monitoring Locations and Strategies 3.1. Sites 001, 001a, and 001p: Hydrodynamic Separator Effectiveness Evaluation The City installed a Defender® hydrodynamic separator in August 2016 near the intersection of Sylvan Drive and Sylvan Court (see Figure This area drains to the Stillwater River, which has an MS4 WLA for sediment. The City conducts monitoring immediately upstream and of the hydrodynamic separator in order to evaluate its effectiveness at removing sediment from MS4 wet weather discharges. The outfall of Sylvan detention pond is also sampled to evaluate sediment after stormwater has traveled through two BMPs. Additional parameters are also analyzed in accordance with Table 1. Small MS4 Monitoring Requirements, of Part IV.A. in the 2017 – 2021 MS4 General Permit. The results of this evaluation are used to assist the City in making informed decisions about whether to install a Defender® hydrodynamic separator, or equivalent device, in other locations. Figure 1. Monitoring Sites 001, 001a, and 001p ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 4 3.2. Site 002: Assess Future BMP Performance in Commercial/ Industrial Area Kalispell MS4 drainage area SWR-7 drains to the Stillwater River, which has an MS4 WLA for sediment. A monitoring location is located near the outfall of this watershed on Wyoming Street (see Figure The drainage area is approximately 100 acres, comprised mostly of commercial/industrial land use. The City is planning to implement future BMPs within this drainage area in an effort to reduce the MS4’s discharge of sediment to the Stillwater River. The monitoring results from samples collected before the BMPs are implemented within the drainage area (baseline samples) will establish the existing conditions. Future monitoring results will be compared to the baseline samples as BMP(s) are added within the drainage basin. The City plans to use the monitoring data results from this site to assess the BMP effectiveness in this immediate watershed (drainage area SWR-7) and develop a plan for installing BMPs in other commercial/industrial areas. Figure 2. Monitoring Site 002 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 5 3.3. Site 004: Assess Future BMP Performance in Residential Area Kalispell MS4 drainage area AC-11 drains to Ashley Creek, which has an MS4 WLA for phosphorus, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, sediment, and temperature. A monitoring location is located near the outfall of this watershed on 11th Street West (see Figure The drainage area is approximately 300 acres, comprised mostly of residential land use. The City is planning to implement future BMPs within this drainage area in an effort to reduce the MS4’s discharge of pollutants to Ashley Creek. The monitoring results from baseline samples collected within the drainage area will establish the existing conditions. Monitoring results will be compared to the baseline data as BMP(s) are added within the drainage basin. The City plans to use the results of the monitoring data at this site to assess BMP effectiveness in this immediate watershed (drainage area AC-11) and plan future BMPs in other residential areas. Figure 3. Monitoring Site 004 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 6 A summary of all TMDL-related monitoring locations is provided in Table 2. For reference, Table 3 provides a summary of all storm event monitoring locations where sampling will be conducted in accordance with Part II.C of the 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit. Comparison of Table 2 and Table 3 reveals that three of the storm event monitoring locations will also be used for TMDL-related monitoring. This allows the City to be more efficient with collection of samples and analysis of monitoring data each year. Table 2. TMDL-Related Monitoring Sample Locations Name Watershed Receiving Waterbody Location Sample Collection Method Number of Samples (Annually) Sample Parameter(s) (MS4 Listed Impairments) 001 SWR-4 Stillwater River 48°11’40.14”N 114°17’55.76”W Grab 4 Sediment 001a SWR-4 Stillwater River 48°11’40.70”N 114°17’57.38”W Grab 4 Sediment 001p SWP-4 Stillwater River 48°11’29.69”N 114°17’45.79”W Grab 4 Sediment 002 SWR-7 Stillwater River 48°12’26.98”N 114°18’49.81”W Grab1 4 Sediment 004 AC-11 Ashley Creek 48°11’10.01”N 114°19’17.46”W Grab1 4 TP, TN, DO, Sediment, Temperature 1 A composite sample is the preferred sample collection method for this site; however, experience collecting grab samples at this site will help the City develop a better understanding of site conditions resulting in a more effective implementation plan and design for collecting composite samples in the future. The City will consider development of a composite sample collection and analysis plan for this site in the coming years. Table 3. Storm Event Monitoring Sample Locations Name Watershed Receiving Waterbody Location Sample Collection Method Frequency Sample Parameter(s) 001 SWR-4 Stillwater River 48°11’40.14”N 114°17’55.76”W Grab Semi-annual1 Total Suspended Solids Chemical Oxygen Demand Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen pH Copper Lead Zinc Estimated Flow Oil and Grease 002 SWR-7 Stillwater River 48°12’26.98”N 114°18’49.81”W Grab Semi-annual1 003-A AC-A Ashley Creek 48°11’43.49”N 114°22’23.71”W Grab Semi-annual1 004 AC-11 Ashley Creek 48°11’10.01”N 114°19’17.46”W Grab Semi-annual1 1 One sample must be collected between January 1st and June 30th of each permitted calendar year and the other sample between July 1st and December 31st. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 7 4 Monitoring Requirements Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) is critical for accurate sampling. This section provides details of sampling methods, laboratory analytical methods, and QA/QC procedures to be used in sampling. 4.1. Field Sampling Methods The City uses manual sample collection techniques to conduct monitoring activities at each site in the immediate future. In the coming years, automated samplers may be used to collect composite samples at sites 002 and 004. Each of these methods are discussed below. 4.1.1 Manual Sample Collection Manual grab techniques are used to collect samples at 001, 001a, 001p, and 0031 throughout the duration of this plan. The grab sample method is suitable for site’s 001, 001a, and 001p because samples are collected within minutes of each other and since the hydraulic residence time that stormwater is in the BMP is only a few minutes, this approach provides an accurate comparison of influent and effluent water quality for the Defender® hydrodynamic separator. A grab sample at site 003 is used to evaluate the quality of water in Ashley Creek upstream of Kalispell’s MS4. Manual grab techniques are also used to collect samples at sites 002 and 004 for the immediate future; however, the City is considering the use of automated samplers to collect composite samples at these sites in the coming years (see Section 4.1.2). The samples are collected by field personnel during rainfall events. Rainfall events are monitored by weather surveillance radar so that field personnel can determine when to be present in the watershed during active events to obtain manual samples.2 Samples are collected in clean, labeled bottles provided by the laboratory. If necessary, an extension pole, rope, or other apparatus can be used to aid the field crew in safe sample collection, especially during high flow conditions. 4.1.2 Automated Sample Collection If applicable, automated sampling devices will be used to collect composite samples; that is, small constant volume samples that are collected throughout a runoff event (as opposed to a manual grab sample, which only represents one point in time during an event). The City owns two ISCO 6712 automated sample devices which may be used to collect composite samples at site’s 002 and 004 in the future. The primary monitoring objective at site’s 002 and 004 is to assess the impact of future BMPs implemented upstream using sample data collected near the point in a local watershed. Composite sampling is preferred for these locations because it would provide an event mean concentration of the pollutants from the runoff event; however, as noted above, additional experience and understanding of site conditions is needed to effectively and accurately collect and analyze composite samples. 1 Site 003 is a self-monitoring site and will not be part of the TMDL-related monitoring. 2 Radar is available via the Nation Weather Service webpage ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 8 If automated sampling is implemented, the City expects that flow-weighted sampling would be used by collecting multiple aliquots (small samples) over the duration of the storm in one bottle which will be shipped to the Montana Environmental Laboratory for analysis following the storm event. 4.1.3 Sampling Equipment Decontamination Decontaminated sample collection bottles and lids are provided by the laboratory. 4.2. Sampling Parameters and Analytical Methods The water quality samples collected are analyzed for the MS4 listed pollutants of impairment in the specific receiving waterbody as well as the parameters listed in Table 1 of Part II.C.1 in the 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit (Self-Monitoring and Reporting Requirements). Table 4 shows the parameters and standard analytical methods to be used. All data should meet the precision, recovery, and accuracy requirements specified in the laboratory method used. The laboratory used for this study maintains internal quality assurance/quality control procedures as documented in their laboratory quality assurance manual. The laboratory uses a combination of blanks, laboratory control spikes, surrogates, and duplicates to evaluate the analytical results. 4.3. Sample Handling and Documentation Automatic samplers will be serviced immediately following a storm event. Chain of custody forms accompany all samples. A field log is kept for each sampling site with the details of the date, time, personnel, and purpose of visit, weather, and conditions observed, samples collected, and actions performed. 4.4. Storm Events and Sample Frequency Sampling will be attempted for measurable runoff events (that is a rainfall events that produce any volume of runoff flowing past/through the monitoring location that will allow a sample to be collected). In accordance with Part II.C.1.b. of the 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit, a minimum of one sample will be collected at each site between January 1st and June 30th and a minimum of one sample will be collected at each site between July 1st and December 31st of each year. The City will attempt to collect four samples annually for MS4 listed impairments at each site (see Table 2).3 Four annual samples provide greater assurance that data is representative. Precipitation is monitored using a combination of on-site or web-based rain gauges4, and the radar managed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Nation Weather Service. This data may be used to delineate storm characteristics, if necessary (timing, duration, intensity, and relative total rainfall). 3 Only two of the four annual samples will be analyzed for the full suite of storm event monitoring parameters (listed in Table 1. Self-Monitoring and Reporting Requirements, of Part II.C.1 in the 2022 – 2026 MS4 General Permit). 4 The following websites provide historic rainfall data for the City of Kalispell: http://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mso; http://mesowest.utah.edu/cgi-bin/droman/precip_monitor.cgi?state=MSO&rawsflag=3 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 9 Table 4. Analytical Methods Parameter Analytical Method Reporting Limit (mg/L) Sample Container Preservative Holding Time (days) Total Suspended Solids SM 2540 D 1 1 L plastic3 None3 Analyze immediately3 Total Phosphorus E365.1 0.01 Nitrogen – Kjeldahl, total1 E351.2 0.2 Nitrate & Nitrite, total1 E353.2 E300A 0.01 Chemical Oxygen Demand2 E410.1 E410.4 1 Total Recoverable Copper2 E200.8 0.01 Total Recoverable Lead2 E200.8 0.001 Total Recoverable Zinc2 E200.7 E200.8 0.01 Oil and Grease2 E1664A 1 1 L glass H2SO4 to pH<2 Cool to 4°C 28 Estimated Flow2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 Dissolved Oxygen SM 4500-OG 0.1 N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 Temperature N/A 0.1°C N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 pH2 E150.1 0.1 unit N/A N/A Analyze onsite4 1 Total Nitrogen is calculated from Nitrogen – Kjeldahl, total and Nitrate & Nitrite, total. 2 These parameters will only be analyzed semi-annually, in accordance with the City’s storm event monitoring plan. 3 Samples will be immediately delivered to the Montana Environmental Lab in Kalispell. The lab staff will separate the 1L samples so that each parameter can be analyzed. Preservatives will be added by the lab staff, if necessary. 4 The City analyzes for estimated flow, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH, onsite. 4.5. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Samples are analyzed using the designated EPA Method or Standard Method as defined in Table 4. Chain-of-custody procedures are followed for samples sent to the laboratory. 4.6. Analysis of Results All sample results are compiled into a spreadsheet containing the results for each parameter at every sample site. The analysis method varies depending on the sample collection method and site objectives, which are described in the subsequent sections. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring January 9, 2018 10 4.6.1 Sample Collection at Sites 001 and 001a The objective at sample site’s 001 and 001a is to compare influent and effluent data for the Defender® hydrodynamic separator. BMP effectiveness is quantified by calculating the percent change in pollutant concentration between the two sample sites, using Equation 1. The calculated percent change for each sample collected is presented on a graph (sample date vs. percent change) to assess the long-term performance of the BMP. Percent Change= Ci-Ce Ci *100 Equation 1 Where: Ci = Influent concentration (mg/L) Ce = Effluent concentration (mg/L) 4.6.2 Sample Collection at Sites 002 and 004 A graph is generated showing sample date (time) vs. concentration, for each parameter. These graphics show the trend in water quality data over the period of time which samples are being collected. A downward trend will indicate that BMPs implemented upstream are effective, while a stagnant or upward trend would indicate the BMPs implemented upstream are not effective at reducing pollutants. A separate analysis of each parameter can be used to help understand the effectiveness of BMPs for a variety of parameters considered. 5 Reporting The results from TMDL-related monitoring are used to adapt and update the Stormwater TMDL Action Plan. The evaluation focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of BMPs being implemented to address pollutants of impairment within each local watershed as well as changes in water quality over time. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Kalispell I Storm Water Management Program MS4 Sampling Plan for TMDL-Related Monitoring Appendix A. Supplemental Figures ---PAGE BREAK--- Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community PATH: G:\PROJECTS\KALISPELL\KALISPELL MS4\MAP_DOCS\FIGURE 1 - RECEIVING WATERBODIES MAP.MXD - USER: MPETERSO - DATE: 12/29/2017 MS4 RECEIVING WATERBODIES MAP FIGURE A.1 CITY OF KALISPELL, MT MS4 SAMPLING PLAN FOR TMDL-RELATED MONITORING (CLIENT LOGO) 0 4,000 Feet O DATA SOURCE: ESRI, City of Kalispell LEGEND Outfall Storm Main Kalispell Receiving Waterbody City Limits Approximate Drainage Basin* Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Spring Creek Stillwater River Unnamed Perennial Whitefish River Areas which Generally Drain to an Infiltration Basin *Note: Drainage basin delineations are approximate and only consider areas within the city limits. These delineations are intended to generally depict which waterbodies portions of the MS4 drains to. Stillwater River Stillwater River Whitefish River Spring Creek Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Unnamed Perennial Ashley Creek Flathead River ---PAGE BREAK--- !H !H !H !H !H Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community PATH: S:\PW DATA\DEPARTMENTS\STORMWATER\PHASE II STORMWATER PERMIT\STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM\STORM SAMPLING\EDITABLE DOCUMENTS\FIGURE 2 - MONITORING LOCATIONS MAP UPDATE.MXD - USER: CLEWIS - DATE: 1/9/2020 MS4 TMDL AND SELF-MONITORING LOCATIONS FIGURE A.2 CITY OF KALISPELL, MT MS4 SAMPLING PLAN FOR TMDL-RELATED MONITORING 0 4,000 Feet O DATA SOURCE: ESRI, City of Kalispell LEGEND !H Monitoring Location Outfall Storm Main Kalispell Receiving Waterbody City Limits Approximate Drainage Basin* Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Spring Creek Stillwater River Unnamed Perennial Whitefish River Areas which Generally Drain to an Infiltration Basin *Note: Drainage basin delineations are approximate and only consider areas within the city limits. These delineations are intended to generally depict which waterbodies portions of the MS4 drains to. Stillwater River Stillwater River Whitefish River Spring Creek Ashley Creek Little Spring Creek Unnamed Perennial Ashley Creek Flathead River Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community 0 300 Feet WOODLAND AVE SYLVAN DR SYLVAN CT O Flathead River Site 003-A - Self-Monitoring Location Site 004 - TMDL & Self-Monitoring Location Site 002 - TMDL & Self-Monitoring Location Site 001a - TMDL Monitoring Location Site 001 - TMDL & Self- Monitoring Location !H Site 001p - TMDL Monitoring Location