Full Text
Presentation to McLean County Criminal Justice Coordinating Council Frank D. Beck, Stevenson Center Ed Wells, Criminal Justice Sciences Illinois State University January 5, 2012 ---PAGE BREAK--- Two Parts to Current Analysis • We measure length of time between booking and significant judicial events for 2007 through 2010. We do this by severity of charge, year, days in custody, and race/ethnicity. You will see this today. • On a basis we track beds being used in the jail for felonies, misdemeanors, DUIs, and other charges. This includes number of different persons in the jail, average length of stay, and total beds used. Today you will see 2007-2011 results for arrests for new charges and arrests for warrants. ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Number of Days Judicial Event Median Length of Time for Case Processing by Interval and Class of Felony (2007-2010) (N = 3,823) Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class M or X Class 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Number of Days Judicial Event Median Length of Time for Case Processing by Interval and Year for Felonies (2007-2010) Initial Booking in 2007 Initial Booking in 2008 Initial Booking in 2009 Initial Booking in 2010 ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Number of Days Judicial Event Median Length of Time for Case Processing by Interval and Race/Ethnicity for Felonies (2007-2010) White Defendants Black Defendants Hispanic Defendants ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Number of Days Judicial Event Median Length of Time for Case Processing by Interval and Race/Ethnicity for Felonies in Custody more than One Week (2007-2010) White Defendants Black Defendants Hispanic Defendants 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Number of Days Judicial Event Median Length of Time for Case Processing by Interval and Race/Ethnicity for Felonies in Custody One Week or Less (2007-2010) ---PAGE BREAK--- Comparison of Number of Persons, Average Length of Stay, and Total Bed Days from 2007 through 2011 (New Arrests and Warrants) Number of Different Persons, 2007-2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Class 1 269 299 242 224 217 Class M or X 61 65 53 55 59 Class 2 308 343 283 292 285 Class 3 376 342 284 293 230 Class 4 593 580 523 449 398 DUIs 170 165 160 139 133 Misdemeanors 1496 1542 1338 1227 1084 Other 603 527 508 458 366 Total 3876 3863 3391 3137 2772 Average Number of Beds Used, 2007-2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Class 1 58 57 68 68 70 Class M or X 79 101 90 116 81 Class 2 32 39 31 35 41 Class 3 19 21 18 27 22 Class 4 16 19 17 18 19 DUIs 5 5 4 4 6 Misdemeanors 6 6 5 5 6 Other 7 6 5 6 5 Total Bed Days Used, 2007-2011 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Class 1 15622 17042 16412 15218 15144 Class M or X 4797 6568 4784 6399 4750 Class 2 9975 13538 8838 10102 11591 Class 3 7189 7188 5131 8037 5145 Class 4 9617 10785 8770 8216 7435 DUIs 932 855 708 521 745 Misdemeanors 8398 9729 7235 6516 6584 Other 3971 3407 2761 2670 1830 Total 60501 69112 54639 57679 53224 ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Number of Different Persons Year Number of Different Persons, 2007-2011 (New Arrests and Warrants) Other Misdemeanors DUIs Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class M or X Class 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 20 40 60 80 100 [PHONE REDACTED] 2008 2009 2010 2011 Average Bed Days Used Year Average Number of Beds Used, 2007-2011 (New Arrests and Warrants) Other Misdemeanors DUIs Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class M or X Class 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Bed Days Used Year Total Bed Days Used, 2007-2011 (New Arrests and Warrants) Other Misdemeanors DUIs Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class M or X Class 1 ---PAGE BREAK--- Findings on Case Processing • Case processing time does not differ much by Class of Felony involved—except Class M or X cases take much longer. • Case processing time rises dramatically between first status hearing and first plea; this is due to cases that have multiple status hearings. Notice that this matters similarly for all kinds of cases. • Case processing time was higher in 2008; this contributed to jail overpopulation. • Case processing times were uniformly lower in 2009 and 2010 than in 2008. • For the time interval between initial trial and final sentencing, case processing time was noticeably lower in 2010 (than in 2009 & 2008). If this is something you have been worried about, you seem to be addressing it. • Case processing time varies little by race/ethnicity; however, it is lowest for African Americans than it is for the white population or Latinos. • The intervals are shorter for persons who are in jail versus those who are at liberty. • The race/ethnic difference in processing time is partly explained by Black defendants spending noticeably more pretrial time in-custody. • The longer processing times for Hispanic defendants seems likely to reflect (to some degree) the effect of immigration status on pretrial or presentencing release from custody. ---PAGE BREAK--- Findings on Length of Stay in the Jail • Annual bed usage was highest in 2008, went down in 2009, up in 2010, and back down in 2011. • In 2011, bed usage was almost the same as it was in 2009. • In 2011, the number of persons in the jail for Class 1, 3, and 4 Felonies; DUIs; Misdemeanors; and Other offenses was lower than any of the previous 4 years. • Over the last 5 years, length of stay by kind of case has remained flat or risen; increases were for Class 1, Class 2, and Class 4 Felonies and DUIs. • The overall decrease in total bed usage over the last 5 years is being driven by fewer persons being booked into the jail--not because of decreases in length of stay. • Most of the downward trend in number of bookings has to do with a precipitous decline in people being arrested on Warrants. • By sex and race/ethnicity, we know that women spend less time in the jail than men. We also know that African Americans and Latinos spend more time in the jail than whites. This is true within classes of felony but could be do to prior convictions and level of violence in the alleged offense. ---PAGE BREAK--- Next Steps • Repeat all of the above on a basis • Merge sentenced time into the above • Conduct analyses above comparing violent and non-violent offenses • Analyze whether the decrease in number of bookings is due to changes in the age structure of the McLean County population • Conduct some analyses by age and sex ---PAGE BREAK--- Questions? Thank you