Full Text
Hepatitis James R. Ginder, MS, WEMT,PI, CHES Health Education Specialist Hamilton County Health Department 4/17/08 ---PAGE BREAK--- The participants will be able to… • list three functions of the liver • define what Hepatitis A, B & C are • explain how Hepatitis can be transmitted • differentiate three risk factors for developing Hepatitis ---PAGE BREAK--- Diseases Are Transmitted By… Direct contact transmission requires physical contact between an infected person and a susceptible person, and the physical transfer of virus and or bacteria. Direct Contact: Indirect contact transmission refers to situations where a susceptible person is infected from contact with a contaminated surface. Indirect Contact: ---PAGE BREAK--- Diseases Are Transmitted By… Airborne transmission refers to situations where droplet nuclei or dust particles containing viruses or bacteria can remain suspended in air for long periods of time. Airborne: Vectors are animals or insects that are capable of transmitting diseases. Vector: ---PAGE BREAK--- Fluids That Can Transmit Diseases… Semen Synovial Fluid Vaginal Fluid Peritoneal Fluid Cerebellar Spinal Fluid Pleural Fluid Amniotic Fluid Saliva with Blood Any fluid that has BLOOD in it ---PAGE BREAK--- Liver… Source: www.hepfoundation.org ---PAGE BREAK--- Why Do I Need My Liver… • The liver is located in the upper right side of the abdomen • It is the largest internal organ in the body • Functions of the liver include : • Digestion • Fat and sugar metabolism • proteins that help blood clot • Detoxifies drugs and toxins • As well as 500 other functions as well ---PAGE BREAK--- What Causes Hepatitis… • Behavior Damage: • Unprotected sex • Multiple sex partners • Poor personal hygiene • “Works” (Drug equipment) • Chemical Damage: (Change in function) • Alcohol use • Drug use • Physical Damage: (Change in anatomy) • Alcohol use • Drug use ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis Language… • Acute infection: • Newly acquired • Lasts less than six months • Chronic infection: • Lasts six months or longer • Usually life-long • Resolved or Cleared: • Body fights off the virus • Person builds up antibodies ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis A… • A virus that attacks the liver • Can cause: • temporary liver inflammation • rare cases, could cause liver failure • 30% of people in the United States have evidence of past infection • From 1995-2006, Hepatitis A has declined by 90% to the lowest rate ever recorded (CDC) • Hepatitis A is transmitted by oral-fecal route ---PAGE BREAK--- GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS INFECTION Source: CDC ---PAGE BREAK--- Risk Groups For Hepatitis A… • Multiple Sex Partners • Men who have sex with Men • Household Contacts • Drug Equipment • Travelers • Young children • Eating Raw or Uncooked Shellfish • Poor Personal Hygiene • People Who Use and Abuse Drugs ---PAGE BREAK--- Unknown 46% Contact of day- care child/employee 6% Other Contact 8% Child/employee in day-care 2% Food- or waterborne outbreak 4% Injection drug use 6% Sexual or Household Contact 14% Men who have sex with men 10% International travel 5% RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH REPORTED HEPATITIS A, 1990-2000, UNITED STATES Source: ---PAGE BREAK--- Signs and • Jaundice • Loss of Appetite • Fatigue • Nausea • Abdominal Pain • Joint Pain • Vomiting • Dark urine ---PAGE BREAK--- Immune System… • People infected with Hepatitis A will be able to “clear” the virus from the body • After the virus has “cleared” the person will have antibodies to Hepatitis A ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis A Prevention… • Getting Hepatitis A vaccine • Using a latex condom and dental dams correctly when having sex • Washing hands after using the bathroom • Washing ALL fruits and vegetables before eating • Wash hands after cleaning the bathroom • Good hand hygiene ---PAGE BREAK--- Hand Washing… ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis B… • A virus that attacks the liver • Can cause: • cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver • life long infections • liver cancer • liver failure • death • 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B • 150,000 or more people in the U.S. are newly infected with Hepatitis B each year and 1-1.5 million are chronically infected Most Common Bloodborne Infection ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis B… Source: CDC ---PAGE BREAK--- Risk Groups… • Multiple Sex Partners • Men who have sex with Men • Injection Drug Users • Drug Equipment • First Responders • Household Contacts • Tattoos & Piercing • Hemophilia • Incarcerated • People who Bite • Dialysis • Infants born to mothers with Hepatitis B • Sharing Toothbrushes, Nail Clippers & Earrings ---PAGE BREAK--- Immune System… • The majority of people infected with Hepatitis B will be able to “clear” the virus from the body • 10% of people can not “cleared” the virus, they will become chronically infected with Hepatitis B ---PAGE BREAK--- Signs and • Jaundice • Loss of Appetite • Fatigue • Nausea • Abdominal Pain • Joint Pain • Vomiting • Dark urine ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis B Vaccine… • You CAN NOT GET Hep. B. from the Vaccine • EVERYONE AT RISK NEEDS TO HAVE THE VACCINE • Vaccine is given in three shots over a six months time frame • After first injection, immunity starts to develop • One of the most effective ways to prevent Hep. B. ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis B Prevention… • Getting Hepatitis B vaccine • Using a latex condom and dental dam correctly when having sex • Giving immure globulin to infants born to mothers who have Hepatitis B • Covering open wounds ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis B Prevention… • Do not do drugs or share drug equipment • Do not share personal items such as razors, toothbrushes and clippers • Think before getting a tattoo or body piercing • Use universal precautions ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis C… • 80% of people have no signs or • Occurs when blood from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected (protect your skin) • Leading cause of all liver disease around the world (WHO) • 3 to 4 million persons are newly infected each year (WHO) • WHO estimates that about 170 million people, 3% of the world's population, are infected with HCV and are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis C Liver… Source: www.brown.edu/.../Hepatitis/ epidmain.html ---PAGE BREAK--- Risk Groups… • Multiple Sex Partners • Men who have sex with Men • Injection Drug Users • Drug Equipment • First Responders • Household Contacts • Mom to Infant • Tattoos & Piercing • Incarcerated • People who Bite • Dialysis • Intranasal Cocaine Users • Shared Toothbrushes, Nail Clippers & Earrings ---PAGE BREAK--- Signs & of Hepatitis C… • Fatigue • Lack of Appetite • Nausea • Vomiting • Jaundice • Muscle/Joint pain • Liver pain • Dark urine ---PAGE BREAK--- Immune System… • The majority of people infected with Hepatitis C will be able to “clear” the virus from the body • 10% -25% of people can not “clear” the virus they will become Chronically Infected with Hepatitis C ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis C Prevention… • Use new drug equipment • Use a latex condom and dental dam correctly when having sex • Cover open wounds ---PAGE BREAK--- Hepatitis C Prevention… • Use universal precautions • Do not share personal items such as razors, toothbrushes and clippers • Think before getting a tattoo or body piercing ---PAGE BREAK--- Co-Infection… • Person is infected with both HIV and Hepatitis C • CDC estimates that 3,000,000 people are co- infected in the U.S. • 50%-90% of intervenes drug users (IDU) are infected with Hepatitis C and HIV (CDC) • A person who is co-infected may develop liver damage faster ---PAGE BREAK--- Remember… • If it is wet and NOT YOURS DON’T touch it without GLOVES! ---PAGE BREAK--- Resources… American Liver Foundation www.liverfoundation.org Center For Disease Control www.cdc.gov HCV Advocate www.hcvadvocate.org Hepatitis Foundation www.hepfi.org Indiana State Department of Health www.in.gov/isdh