Document elcerrito_gov_doc_2a57b03e03

VOLUME 2: DRAFT TECHNICAL APPENDICES. February, 2013 mmbtu per month 100 150 [PHONE REDACTED] Energy Use Building Energy Use after Efficiency Retrofits 2011 Energy Use MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP Combined w/EPA ( ) ential Electricity 12,114 12,632 518 0.28% 4% 1,990 10,642 -12.1 ential Natural Gas 29,506 30,767 1,261 0.28% 4% 0 30,767 4% mercial Electricity 15,430 18,274 2,844 1.13% 18% 2,878 15,396 0% Access Electricity 1,804 2,137 333 1.13% 18% 337 1,800 0% mercial Natural Gas 5,152 6,102 950 1.13% 18% 0 6,102 18% Consumed 277 308 31 0.71% 11% 48 259 ewater Treated 234 260 26 0.71% 11% 41 219 Traffic (local streets) 37,143 43,638 6,495 1.08% 17% 7,043 36,595 Traffic (San Pablo 13,482 15,840 2,358 1.08% 17% 2,557 13,283 Traffic of County ays) 24,200 28,432 4,232 1.08% 17% 4,589 23,843 Waste to Landfill 7,302 8,116 814 0.71% 11% 0 8,116 11% ipal Refrigerants 450 490 40 0.6% 8.9% 0 490 8.9% L 147,094 166,995 19,901 14% 19,482 147,513 0% 5,294 14,189 med the emissions reductions from the 3 state measures from 2020-2035 (2nd 15 years) are similar to emissions reduction resulting from 2005-2020 (1st and 2010, respectively). Assume there is a gradual linear ramp from effective date (2003) up to reach 33% by 2030 Assume there is a gradual linear ramp up from effective date (2010) to reach 10% reduction in carbon intensity of fuels by 2020 y: Signed into CA law in 2002, but U.S. EPA didn't approve waiver to CA until 2009. Assume effective year to be 2009 and there is a gradual linear implementati te initiatives include the Renewable Portfolio Standard, AB 1493 (Pavley), and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard El Cerrito GHG Emissions Scenarios 2005-2035 147,094 166,995 192,826 147,513 157,105 125,030 102,966 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Annual Tons CO2e Business-A Usual Sce California Initiatives Scenario Reduction Reduction Target (15 below 200 year Projected # of solar PV systems installed erim period 697 1,950 Average capacity of system installed on participating unit (kW) 3.8 3.8 Total capacity installed (kW) 2,650 7,410 2035 cumulative KW Installed 10,060 Average # of solar PV systems installed per year 3 4 Average capacity of system installed on participating unit (kW) 25 25 Projected # of solar PV systems installed 45 60 Total capacity installed (kW) 1,125 1,500 2035 cumulative KW Installed 2,625 ble 2 Peak sun hours in El Cerrito per year 1,716 Solar Derating Factor 33% Assume average annual growth rate 15% per year in number of solar systems installed installation in El Cerrito). Annual average number is total number of systems installed bet 2035 divided by number of years. Source: GoSolarCalifornia. http://www.californiasolarstatistics.org/reports/locale_sta El Cerrito's solar PV installations. El Cerrito had a total of 64 solar installations between 20 11 in 2008, 18 in 2009, and 21 in 2010. Figures based on first confirmed reservation dates include pending and already installed systems. The average systems size is 3.84 kW (nam sidential Source: GoSolarCalifornia. http://www.californiasolarstatistics.org/reports/locale_sta l C i ' l i ll i l C i h d l f id i l ( fi ) n- idential Analysis Inputs Material Ton Recyc Aluminum Cans Steel Cans Copper Wire Glass HDPE 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2000 ve Alone pooled Public ortation Bicycle r Other Walked % ergy Use 0.3% Municipal Refrigerants 5.0% Landfill Waste ---PAGE BREAK--- The City of El Cerrito serves, leads and supports our diverse community by providing exemplary and innovative services, public places and infrastructure, ensuring public safety and creating an economically and environmentally sustainable future. Prepared by City of El Cerrito 10890 San Pablo Avenue El Cerrito, CA 94530 ---PAGE BREAK--- DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN for Public Comment Volumn 2: Draft Technical Appendices This draft El Cerrito Climate Action Plan (CAP) is provided for public review and comment. Information on submitting comments is provided below. The draft CAP and postings can be found by clicking on the Climate Action Plan link on-line at www.ecenvironment.org. Hardcopies are also available for public review during normal business hours at the following locations: El Cerrito City Hall (10890 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito), El Cerrito Library (6510 Stockton Avenue, El Cerrito), El Cerrito Recycling and Resource Center (7501 Schmidt Lane, El Cerrito). Submitting Comments Public comment on the Draft CAP will be accepted through March 13, 2013. Several options are available for submitting comments: Email: Send comments via email to [EMAIL REDACTED]. Fax: Fax comments to (510) 559-7682 Mail: Mail comments to: Climate Action Plan, City of El Cerrito, 10890 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito, CA 94530 In Person: The City of El Cerrito’s Environmental Quality Committee (EQC) will receive public comment on the draft CAP on Tuesday, February 12 and on Tuesday, March 12 during its regular meetings. Both meetings will be held from 7-9 PM in the City Council Chambers at the El Cerrito City Hall, 10890 San Pablo Avenue, El Cerrito. Review Process Timeline 2/12/13: Release of draft Climate Action Plan 2/12/13: Release of CAP CEQA Document (Initial Study/Negative Declaration) 2/12/13: Beginning of Public Comment Period 2/12/13, 7-9 PM: EQC Meeting to Kick-Off Public Comment Period 3/12/13, 7-9 PM: EQC Meeting to Receive Public Comment 3/14/13: Close of Public Comment period Following this review period, a final CAP will be developed and brought to the EQC on April 9, 2013, which will consider making a recommendation encouraging the City Council to approve the CAP. In addition, the CAP CEQA document will be brought to the Planning Commission on March 20, 2013, which will consider a resolution approving the CEQA document. It is anticipated that the Final CAP will be brought forward for City Council consideration in April 2013. ---PAGE BREAK--- • Page intentionally blank ---PAGE BREAK--- El Cerrito City Council Climate Action Resolutions 6 Baseline Community GHG Emissions Inventory, 2005 12 Baseline Municipal GHG Emissions inventory, 2005 22 Community and Municipal Emissions Forecast Methodology 23 Community Emissions Forecast 28 Municipal Emissions Forecast 30 Summary of Goals, Objectives and Strategies, Consistency with El Cerrito General Plan 32 Reductions in CO2e from Sustainable Community Goals 51 Reductions in CO2e from Energy and Water Goals 55 Reductions in CO2e from Waste Reduction Goals 62 El Cerrito Residential Climate Action Survey Responses 65 Public Workshop Notes 69 A B C D E F G H I J K L Volume 2 Contents ---PAGE BREAK--- 6 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix A El Cerrito City Council Climate Action Resolutions ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- 8 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 9 ---PAGE BREAK--- 10 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 11 ---PAGE BREAK--- 12 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix B Baseline Community GHG Emissions Inventory, 2005 Methodology El Cerrito’s baseline inventory of greenhouse gas emissions was completed in 2008 and then later refined in 2010 to be as consistent as possible with the guidance on quantifying GHGs provided by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD).* Compiling the baseline inventory required the collection of information from a variety of sectors and sources for the year 2005. The inventory covers carbon dioxide, natural gas, methane, and refrigerants emitted from the following activities: • Energy and water use in the residential sector; • Energy and water use in the commercial sector; • Fugitive refrigerant emissions from the municipal sector; • Vehicle miles traveled on all surface streets in El Cerrito; • Vehicle miles traveled on all County highways attributable to El Cerrito’s residents, businesses, and institutions; and • Waste-to-landfills that are generated by El Cerrito residents, businesses, and institutions. Units: All emissions have been converted into short tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per year. While the international standard is to report emissions in terms of metric tons of CO2e per year, we chose to use short tons in order to alleviate public confusion. This is mainly because many of the City’s outreach materials on household actions to reduce GHGs are best framed in terms of pounds of CO2, which easily converts into short tons for most readers in El Cerrito. A metric ton is 1.1023 times larger than an U.S. ton, and a metric tons consists of 2,204.6 pounds (lbs). Emissions from Electricity: Data for CO2e resulting from electricity use attributable to all residential, commercial and “direct access” utility accounts in El Cerrito was provided by Pacific Gas and Electric using the kWh-to-CO2e coefficients below. There are no industrial accounts in El Cerrito. Electricity use in any given year (and the emissions from its generation) can have anomalies due to the weather, economic downturns, or the available source of electric generation. For this reason, El Cerrito averaged the tons of CO2e over three years spanning 2004, 2005, and 2006. PG&E reports the following emissions coefficients for 2003 through 2008: • 2003: 1 kWh = 0.620 lbs CO2e • 2004: 1 kWh = 0.566 lbs CO2e • 2005: 1 kWh = 0.489 lbs CO2e • 2006: 1 kWh = 0.456 lbs CO2e • 2007: 1 kWh = 0.636 lbs CO2e • 2008: 1 kWh = 0.641 lbs CO2e Emissions from Natural Gas: Data for natural gas use attributable to all residential and commercial utility accounts in El Cerrito was provided by Pacific Gas and Electric. There are no industrial accounts in El Cerrito. * “GHG Plan Level Quantification Guidance.” Bay Area Air Quality Management District. May, 2010. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 13 Natural gas use in any given year can have anomalies due to the weather and economic downturns. For this reason, El Cerrito used averaged natural gas use over three years spanning 2004, 2005, and 2006. The CO2e coefficient for therms of natural gas is constant: • 1 therm = 11.7 lbs of CO2e Transportation Emissions: As recommended by BAAQMD, emissions from gasoline and diesel fuel used by on-road vehicles have been included in the inventory. Since El Cerrito is a built-out, small urban jurisdiction, there are no emissions from off-road vehicles to include. Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is the metric used to compute these emissions. The most reliable data source for city and county VMT data is the yearly “California Public Road Data,” published by the California Department of Transportation (CalTrans) Highway Performance Monitoring System. The CO2e coefficients for gasoline and diesel are below: • 1 gallon of gasoline = 19.357 lbs of CO2 • 1 gallon of diesel = 22.509 lbs of CO2 • Average passenger vehicle fuel economy = 17.26 mpg Emissions Due to Water Use and Wastewater Treatment: Assumptions used to estimate water-related electricity consumption for El Cerrito includes energy used for water supply, conveyance, treatment, distribution and waste water treatment in East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) territory. Energy use associated with pumping wastewater by Stege Sanitary District is included in commercial energy emissions. Per the study “Supply and Demand-Side Water Efficiency Opportunities,” prepared by Green Building Studio for PG&E in 2007 contains the following electricity factors per acre foot for EBMUD water and waste water services. The PG&E kWh-to-CO2e coefficient for 2005 was then used to convert electricity for water consumption and waste into CO2e. • 390 kWh per acre foot of potable water • 472 kWh per acre foot of waste water Emissions from Fugitive Refrigerant Emissions (Municipal Sector Only): Due to the lack of reliable data at the community level, fugitive refrigerant emissions were not calculated for the entire community inventory. Fugitive refrigerant emissions were, however, estimated for the municipal sector based on existing information. Specifically, fugitive emissions from the municipal vehicle fleet (air conditioning units within the vehicles) and municipal facilities (refrigeration and HVAC/air conditioning systems) were included. Calculation method from the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) (Version May 2010 – Equation 7.13) was utilized to calculate these fugitive refrigerant emissions. The LGOP’s recommended assumptions (e.g. charge capacity, operation emission factor) were also used when no data was available. Emissions from Solid Waste in Landfills: Emissions from waste in landfills were estimated using tonnage of solid waste, by type, collected by East Bay Sanitary, as contained in the West County Resource Recovery. Tons of CO2e reduced from tons of landfilled waste diverted calculated using the U.S. EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM). WARM is available on the EPA website at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/waste/ calculators/Warm_home.html. WARM calculates and totals GHG emissions of baseline and alternative waste management practices—source reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, and landfilling. The model calculates emissions in metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE), metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2E), which was converted to U.S. tons CO2e for purposes of the El Cerrito CAP. ---PAGE BREAK--- 14 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix B1 Baseline Community GHG Emissions Inventory, 2005 End Use (2005) US Tons CO2e Metric Tons CO2e % of Total Energy Use Residential Electricity (3 Yr Avg) 12,114.21 10,989.84 8.24% Residential Natural Gas (3 Yr Avg) 29,505.76 26,767.21 20.06% Commercial Electricity (3 Yr Avg) 15,429.51 13,997.43 10.49% Direct Access Electricity (2005) 1,804.00 1,636.56 1.23% Commercial Natural Gas (3 Yr Avg) 5,151.97 4,673.80 3.50% Subtotal 64,005.46 58,064.84 43.51% Energy for Water Use Potable Water Use (3-Yr Avg) 276.79 251.10 0.19% Wastewater Treatment (2005) 234.29 212.54 0.16% Subtotal 511.08 463.65 0.35% Transportation VMT (Local Streets) 37,143.00 33,695.60 25.25% VMT (San Pablo Ave) 13,482.00 12,230.68 9.17% VMT of County Highways) 24,200.00 21,953.90 16.45% Subtotal 74,825.00 67,880.18 50.87% Waste Solid Waste to Landfill 7,302.31 6,624.55 4.96% Refrigerants (Municipal Only) Facilities-Fugitive Emissions 437.82 397.18 0.30% Vehicles- Fugitive Emissions 12.40 11.25 0.01% Subtotal 450.21 408.43 0.31% Baseline Tons (Co2e) 2005 147,094.06 133,441.65 100.00% ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 15 Appendix B2 Baseline Emissions Inventory, 2005 Baseline Energy Data Residential Electricity 3-Yr Avg Year Annual KWH Annual CO2 (US tons) LB/KWH CO2e (US tons) kWH Unit/ HHD CO2e/HHD 2004 47,615,971 13,475 0.566 2005 47,872,873 11,705 0.489 12,114 48,148,911 4,629.87 1.13 2006 48,957,890 11,162 0.456 2007 48,522,856 15,430 0.636 2008 47,831,699 15,330 0.641 2009 47,977,694 15,377 0.641 Residential Natural Gas 3-Yr Avg Year Annual Therms Annual CO2 (US tons) LB/Therm CO2e (US tons) Therms Unit/ HHD CO2e/HHD 2004 5,118,996 29,946 11.7 2005 4,933,327 28,860 11.7 29,506 5,043,720 477 2.79 2006 5,078,837 29,711 11.7 2007 4,978,321 29,123 11.7 2008 4,904,909 28,694 11.7 2009 4,863,793 28,453 11.7 Commercial Electricity 3-Yr Avg Year Annual KWH Annual CO2 (US tons) LB/KWH CO2e (US tons) kWH Unit/ SP CO2e/SP 2004 62,308,648 17,633 0.566 2005 61,106,994 14,941 0.489 15,430 61,189,024 2,110.40 0.53 2006 60,151,429 13,715 0.456 2007 60,639,877 19,283 0.636 2008 63,352,654 20,305 0.641 2009 59,037,142 18,921 0.641 19,503 61,009,891 Commercial Natural Gas 3-Yr Avg Year Annual Therms Annual CO2 (US tons) LB/Therm CO2e (US tons) Therms Unit/ SP CO2e/SP 2004 890,817 5,211 11.7 2005 877,203 5,132 11.7 5,152 880,679 30.37 0.18 2006 874,017 5,113 11.7 2007 872,183 5,102 11.7 2008 851,575 4,982 11.7 2009 880,550 5,151 11.7 5,078 868,103 Water Consumption 3-Yr Avg Year Annual KWH Annual CO2 (US tons) LB/KWH CO2e (US tons) kWH Unit/ SP CO2e/Sp 2004 1,120,213 317 0.566 2005 1,131,090 277 0.489 277 1,096,652 37.82 0.01 2006 1,038,653 237 0.456 2007 1,040,253 331 0.636 2008 1,045,515 335 0.641 2009 985,780 316 0.641 327 1,023,849 Waste Water Disposal Unit/ SP CO2e/Sp 2005 958,237 234 0.489 234.29 - 0.01 HHD = Households SP= Service Population, the sum of residents and people who work in El Cerrito ---PAGE BREAK--- 16 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix B3 Baseline Emissions Inventory, 2005 Water and Wastewater Baseline Data EBMUD Water Data for All El Cerrito Accounts Unit 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Conversions Annual Units 1,251,277 1,263,427 1,160,175 1,161,962 1,167,839 1,101,116 Annual Gallons 935,955,196 945,043,396 867,810,900 869,147,576 873,543,572 823,634,768 748 gallons/unit Annual Acre Ft 2,872 2,900 2,663 2,667 2,681 2,528 325,851 gallons/AF Annual kWh 1,120,213 1,131,090 1,038,653 1,040,253 1,045,515 985,780 390 kWh/AF Daily Gallons 2,564,261 2,589,160 2,377,564 2,381,226 2,393,270 2,256,534 Daily Acre Ft 8 8 7 7 7 7 Daily Gallons/ HHD 248 250 230 230 231 218 Stege Sanitary District 2,005 Conversions Annual Gallons of Waste Water 661,530,377 Annual Acre Ft 2,030 Annual kWh 958,237 472 kWh / AF treated Notes: Electricity values from "Supply and Demand Side Water-Energy Efficiency Opportunities Final Report" Prepared by Pacific Gas and Electric Co, by Green Building Studio, Santa Rosa CA [PHONE REDACTED] Waste water is collected by Stege Sanitary District (SSD) and is treated by EBMUD facilities. SSD is located in El Cerrito and all electricity associated with collection of El Cerrito waste water is accounted for in the commercial electricity sector. Could not isolate El Cerrito portion of wastewater flow from Stege Sanitary District. Gallons are estimated based on 70% of total water demand. HHD = household AF = Acre Foot ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 17 Appendix B4 Baseline Emissions Inventory, 2005 Vehicle Miles Travelled (VMT) Baseline Data Contra Costa County Total DVMT 1,000 Annual VMT (1000s) El Cerrito VMT (1000s) % of County Tons CO2e ANTIOCH 735.14 268,326.10 BRENTWOOD 134.79 49,198.35 CLAYTON 99.17 36,197.05 CONCORD 1,527.53 557,548.45 DANVILLE 473.33 172,765.45 EL CERRITO 158.61 57,892.65 57,892.65 HERCULES 135.81 49,570.65 LAFAYETTE 368.42 134,473.30 MARTINEZ 382.98 139,787.70 MORAGA 157.99 57,666.35 OAKLEY 154.06 56,231.90 ORINDA 265.51 96,911.15 PINOLE 169.63 61,914.95 PITTSBURG 536.52 195,829.80 PLEASANT HILL 476.23 173,823.95 RICHMOND 1,045.52 381,614.80 SAN PABLO 250.62 91,476.30 SAN RAMON 487.23 177,838.95 WALNUT CREEK 1,078.95 393,816.75 Local Roads Subtotal 8,638.04 3,152,884.60 57,892.65 0.68% 37,143 OTHER COUNTY ROADS UNINCORPORATED 1,666.57 608,298.05 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1.8 657.00 STATE HIGHWAY 12,992.22 4,742,159.50 STATE PARK SERVICE 28.09 10,252.85 Other County Roads Subtotal 14,688.68 5,361,367.40 36,454.61 0.68% 24,200 CONTRA COSTA Total 23,326.72 8,514,252.00 94,347.26 1.11% San Pablo Ave 55.63 20,305.75 20,305.75 13,482 EL CERRITO Total 114,653.02 74,825 Notes: California Department of Transportation. 2005 CALIFORNIA PUBLIC ROAD DATA; STATISTICAL INFORMATION DERIVED FROM THE HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE MONITORING SYSTEM. Sacramento, September 2006. Tons CO2e calculated using ICLEI CACP 2009 transportation emissions assumptions: Vehicle fleet fuel use 95.2% gasoline and 4.8% diesel. VMT for San Pablo Ave (SPA) is extrapolated because 2.6 miles of SPA are owned by Cal Trans and is aggregated under “State Highway”. Using average daily traffic counts (average of 8 specific counts along the Avenue) from 2005 supplied by El Cerrito Public Works Dept, staff calculated SPA to have 20.3 million annual VMT. SPA numbers subtracted from the Other County Roads total to not double count highway miles counted in the State Highway vmt portion. ---PAGE BREAK--- 18 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix B5 Baseline Emissions Inventory, 2005 Solid Waste Baseline Data Waste Characterization Study- 2005 Waste Total Tons Paper Paper Tons Food Food Tons Plant Plant Tons Wood/ Textiles Wood Tons Other Other Tons Residential 9,216.00 27.4% 2,525.18 20.0% 1,843.20 25.0% 2,304.00 1.4% 129.02 26.2% 2,414.59 Commercial 36.00 33.50% 12.06 16.7% 6.01 11.30% 4.07 7.4% 2.66 31.1% 11.20 Industrial 2,224.00 25.0% 556.00 17.0% 378.08 13.0% 289.12 12.0% 266.88 33.0% 733.92 Subtotal 1,476.00 3,093.24 2,227.29 2,597.19 398.57 3,159.71 Green Waste 3,303.00 - 3,303.00 Total 14,779.00 21% 3,093.24 15% 2,227.29 40% 5,900.19 3% 398.57 21% 3,159.71 Solid Waste Tonnage 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Trash to Landfill 11,476 10,806 10,130 9,607 8,529 8,162 7,699 Green Waste 3,303 3,471 3,421 2,969 3,065 3,245 3,758 Recycling 4,284 4,820 4,829 4,556 4,660 4,511 4,368 Total 19,063 19,097 18,380 17,132 16,254 15,918 15,825 GHG Emissions from Baseline Waste Management (MTCO2E): 2005 Commodity Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E Total US tons CO2e Food Scraps NA 2,227.3 - - 1595 1,758.71 Yard Trimmings NA 5,900.2 - - (1062) (1,170.92) Mixed Paper, Resid. - 3,093.2 - NA 724 798.44 Mixed MSW NA 3,558.3 - NA 5367 5,916.09 Total 14,779.0 6625 7302 Notes: Waste percentages based on values contained in the California Integrated Waste Management Board, CALIFORNIA 2008 STATEWIDE WASTE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY. Sacramento. August 2009. http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/General/ Extracts/2009023/Tables.pdf. Accessed May, 2010. [2]Tonnage for all waste excluding recyclables contained in the West County Resource Recovery's Annual Report for 2005 prepared by RecycleMore, West Contra Costa Integrated Waste Management Authority, 1 Alvarado Square, San Pablo, CA 94806. Anything picked up by East Bay Sanitary roll-off trucks, either regular compactor customers or residential or construction debris boxes are classified as "industrial." Greenwaste collected in 2005 was still going to the landfill as Alternative Daily Cover (ADC). Starting 2009 it was being diverted and turned into compost; therefore, it is included as “Yard Trimmings” in landfill for purposes of converting waste tons to tons CO2e. Both curbside and drop-off recycling is operated by the City of El Cerrito. Recycling tonnage reported by Garth Schultz, Environmental Services Division, [PHONE REDACTED]. Calculations for conversion of solid waste tonnage to GHG emissions done through U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Waste Reduction Model (WARM), http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html. Accessed, May 1020. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 19 Appendix B6.a Baseline Emissions Inventory, 2005 Fugitive Emissions from Refrigerants in Municipal Facilities 1. Refrigerants From Domestic Refrigerator Units (2005) Equipment Type Number of Domestic Fridges Type of Refrigerant # of Fridges Disposed in 2005 # of Remaining Fridges Time unit used (yr) Assumed Capacity (kg) Operating Emission Factor Annual HFC-23 Emissions (metric tons) Annual CO2e Emissions (metric tons) 1 (new unit) 1 HFC-23 0 1 50% 25 0.50% 0.000063 0.73 2 (existing unit) 1 HFC-23 0 1 100% 20 0.50% 0.000100 1.17 Total 1.90 Refrigerant is HFC-23, per staff check. HFC-23 has a global warming potential of 11,700. Source: LGOP Table E.1 California Air Resources Board, et al. Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP). May, 2010. Table 6.4. 2. Refrigerants From Commercial A/C Units Equipment Type Number of Comm. A/C units Type of Refrigerant # of A/C Disposed in 2005 # of Remaining A/C Time units used (yr) Assumed Capacity (kg) Operating Emission Factor "Annual R-408A Emissions/ per unit (metric tons) " Annual CO2e Emissions (metric tons) Commercial A/C 1 R-408A 0 1 33% 50 10% 0.0017 3.24 Existing Units, All Types 23 R-408A 0 23 33% 100 10% 0.0033 149.04 Total 152.28 Except in several instances, the capacity of the rest of the units was unavailable. Assume capacity of 100, based on recommendation provided by LGOP - utilize conservative values for capacity. Refrigerant is R-408A. The refrigerant type for most of the units was not available, and based on spot checks of a small sample of units. Based on this, assume all other units used R-408A. R-408A has a global warming potential of 1,944. Source: LGOP Table E.2. LGOP Table 6.4. 3. Refrigerants From Chillers Equipment Type Number of Chillers Type of Refrigerant # of Chillers Disposed in 2005 # of Remaining Chillers Time unit used (yr) Capacity (kg) Operating Emission Factor Annual R-408A Emissions (metric tons) Annual CO2e Emissions (metric tons) 1 (old/disposed unit) 1 R-408A 1 0 50% 1000 15% 0.125 243 Total 243 Source: City of El Cerrito, Public Works Department. Refrigerant is R-408A. R-408A has a global warming potential of 1,944. LGOP Table E.2. LGOP Table 6.4. Summary TOTAL CO2e (metric tons) 397 TOTAL CO2e (tons) 438 ---PAGE BREAK--- 20 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix B6.b Baseline Emissions Inventory, 2005 Fugititive Emissions from Refrigerants in Municipal Vehicle Fleet Vehicles with Air Conditioning in Use in 2005 Number of Type (by Estimated Emissions) "Operating Emission Factor of capacity/ year) "Estimated Emissions of Refrigerant per vehicle (metric tons)" " Annual CO2e Emissions (metric tons) " Notes 2 20% 0.000085 0.22 Existing vehicle 2 20% 0.000108 0.28 Existing vehicle 1 20% 0.000125 0.16 Existing vehicle 1 20% 0.00014 0.18 Existing vehicle 2 20% 0.000162 0.42 Existing vehicle 3 20% 0.00017 0.66 Existing vehicle 1 20% 0.000188 0.24 Existing vehicle 1 20% 0.000192 0.25 Existing vehicle 9 0.000216 2.53 Existing vehicle 3 20% 0.00026 1.01 Existing vehicle 12 20% 0.0003 4.68 Existing vehicle 1 20% 0.000464 0.60 New vehicle Summary Metric Tons 11.25 US Tons 12.40 Operating Emissions Factor: 20%. Default based on Local Government Operations Protocol. Version 1.1. May 2010. Table 7.2 page 78. R-134a has a GWP of 1,300. Source. LGOP. Version 1.1. Tables E1 and E2. Other notes: Due to unavailable information, assume no vehicles were disposed of in 2005. Assume they were in use every day of the year = 100% ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 21 Appendix B7 Miscellaneous Baseline Data A Snapshot of El Cerrito 2005 2010 2020 2035 Population 23,244 23,549 24,400 26,200 Households 10,340 10,420 10,820 11,540 People per Household 2.25 2.26 2.26 2.27 Businesses / Institutions 522 502 Number of Jobs 5,750 5,720 6,810 8,840 "Service Population" 28,994 29,269 31,210 35,040 Square Miles 3.65 3.65 3.65 3.65 Costs of Commodities in 2005 Residential Electricity Rate (PG&E) per kWH $ 0.125 Commercial Electricity Rate (PG&E) per kWH $ 0.140 EBMUD Water Rates per gallon $ 0.004 Gasoline per gallon $ 2.560 Sources: State of California, Department of Finance, E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001-2010, Sacramento, California, May 2010. Projected statistics from Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG), Projections and Priorities 2009: San Francisco Bay Population, Household, and Job Forecasts. Oakland. August 2009. 2010 statistics from U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. City of El Cerrito, Business Licenses, estimate of number of non-home-based businesses with El Cerrito addresses, including government facilities, schools, and BART stations. El Cerrito General Plan, 1999. Total of number of residents and employees Statement of John Cook, Director, Petroleum Division, Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy before the Subcommittee on Energy and Resources Committee on Government Reform, U.S. House of Representatives ---PAGE BREAK--- 22 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix C Municipal GHG Emissions Inventory, 2005 Sources of Emissions Unit Total Units lb CO2e/ unit Total Tons CO2e Energy Building Electricity kWh 973,528 0.489 238.03 Building Natural Gas therm 86,841 11.7 508.02 Street Lights & Traffic Controls kwh 865,367 0.489 211.58 Park Lighting kwh 69,248 0.489 16.93 Irrigation kwh 3,786 0.489 0.93 Water Water Consumed kWh/ Acre Ft 44,251 0.489 10.82 Water Treated kWh/ Acre Ft 13,389 0.489 3.27 Fugitive Refrigerant Emissions Building Frige & AC Units metric tons 0.2243 varies 438.00 Vehicle AC US tons 0.0095 1,300.0 12.40 Vehicle Fleet (Transportation) Gasoline gallon 36,211 20.709 374.95 Diesel gallon 14,343 20.968 150.38 Employee Commute (Transportation) Vehicle Miles Traveled VMT 1,137,406 0.87 494.77 Waste tons 292 varies 157.00 Total Annual Tons CO2e 2,617.07 36,972,003 gallons of water consumed for both irrigation and building accounts; 325,851 gallons per acre foot; 390 kwh per acre foot. 9,243,001 gallons of waste water for all municipal accounts; 325,851 gallons per acre foot; 472 kwh per acre foot. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 23 Appendix D Community and Municipal Emissions Forecast Methodology The emissions forecast is essential for setting emissions reduction targets, since the amount of GHG emissions El Cerrito will ultimately pledge to reduce will be based on projected emissions. However, it is also important to emphasize that forecasts are subject to change with changing times. Therefore, the City should continue to update the forecast when conducting inventory updates in the future. The forecast emissions for El Cerrito’s community sector include two scenarios: 1. Business-as-usual (BAU) scenario In this scenario, emissions are projected in the absence of any policies or actions that would occur beyond the base year. Various indicators/proxies were identified for each end use category and utilized to estimate emissions projections in 2020 and 2035. 2. California State reduction scenario This scenario takes into account select state level strategies for reducing GHG emissions. Specifically, these include the following: • Renewable Portfolio Standard (33% by 2020) • Pavley Regulations (AB 1493) • Low Carbon Fuel Standard It is important to emphasize that this is not an exhaustive list of state measures. However, based on California Air Resources Board’s (ARB) Climate Change Scoping Plan, these measures contribute a significant portion of projected state emissions reductions in 2020. While other Scoping Plan measures are also relevant, because the details of the regulation have not yet been developed, assessing GHG impacts at the local level for these measures is fairly speculative at this time. ---PAGE BREAK--- 24 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Forecast Scenario Assumptions Community Emissions Business-as-Usual Scenario: For the community sector, the following proxies were utilized for each end use category to estimate BAU emissions projections: End Use Proxy Used Rational / Assumption Proxy Value (Average Annual Growth Rate for 2005-2020) Proxy Value (Average Annual Growth Rate for 2005-2035) Proxy Source Residential Electricity Population growth An increase in a community’s population usually results in increased activities and energy use within the residential sector, which contributes to increased emissions. 0.28% 0.38% ABAG 2009 Residential Natural Gas Population growth See rational for “Residential Electricity”. 0.28% 0.38% ABAG 2009 Commercial Electricity Job growth Emissions from the commercial sector can be correlated with job increase/decrease within the community. For example, growth of jobs in a community typically leads to increased energy use (both direct and indirect), which in turn results in additional emissions. 1.13% 1.44% ABAG 2009 Direct Access Electricity Job growth For El Cerrito, the majority of direct access electricity use is from the commercial sector. See rational for “Commercial Electricity” 1.13% 1.44% ABAG 2009 Commercial Natural Gas Job growth See rational for “Commercial Electricity”. 1.13% 1.44% ABAG 2009 Water Consumed Average of population and job growths Changes within in a community’s residential and commercial sectors usually directly affect changes in water usage. Typically, population and job growth rates result in increased consumption of water. 0.71% 0.91% ABAG 2009 Wastewater Treated Average of population and job growths The amount of wastewater that is generated and treated is proportionally related to changes within a community’s residential and commercial sectors. Typically, population and job growth rates result in increased generation of wastewater. 0.71% 0.91% ABAG 2009 Auto Traffic (all) DVMT growth Transportation emissions are assumed to be directly proportional to daily vehicle miles traveled by vehicles within a community. 1.08% 1.00% 2005 DVMT was derived from the 2005 California Public Road Data from the California Highway Performance Monitoring System. 2035 DVMT is from CalTrans 2005. 2020 DVMT was estimated using a linear extrapolation utilizing 2995 and 2035 DVMT figures. Solid Waste to Landfill Average of population and job growths Emissions from waste are dependent on changes within both the residential and commercial sectors. Usually, population and job growth rates result in increased generation of solid waste. 0.71% 0.91% ABAG 2009 ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 25 Municipal Emissions Business-as-Usual Scenario: For the municipal sector, the following proxies were utilized for each end use category to estimate BAU emissions projections: End Use Proxy Used Rationale / Assumptions Proxy Value (Avg AGR for 2005- 2020) Proxy Value (Avg AGR for 2005- 2035) Proxy Source Buildings / Facilities Average of population growth, job growth, and employee count Population growth: The greater the number of residents, the higher the use of community facilities/buildings owned by the City (e.g. Senior Center, library, etc.) Job growth: Similar to above, the greater the number of people working in the community, the greater the use of municipal facilities/buildings. Employee count: The amount of energy that is used in municipal buildings, especially administrative buildings, is also dependent on the number of employees that work within these buildings. 0.6% 0.7% Population growth: ABAG 2009 Job growth: ABAG 2009 Employee count: Maria Sanders, City of El Cerrito Streetlights & Traffic Signals Average of population growth and job growth Population growth: Assume that the number of streetlights and traffic signals that will be used will depend partly on the residential population that the City will service. The greater the number of residents, the greater the need for use of streetlights and traffic signals. This will especially be true for installing new lights and signals for a growing residential population. Job growth: Similar to above, the greater the number of people working in the community, the greater the need for use of streetlights and traffic signals. This will especially be true for installing new lights and signals for a growing commercial population. 0.7% 0.9% Population growth: ABAG 2009 Job growth: ABAG 2009 Water & Wastewater Average of population growth and job growth Population growth: Assume that the energy (electricity, specifically) used to treat and pump/distribute water/wastewater will depend on the residential population that the City will service. The greater the number of residents, the greater the need for use of streetlights and traffic signals. Job growth: Similar to above, the greater the number of people working in the community, the greater the need for use of electricity to provide water and wastewater services. 0.7% 0.9% Population growth: ABAG 2009 Job growth: ABAG 2009 ---PAGE BREAK--- 26 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Vehicle Fleet Average of population growth, job growth, and employee count Population growth: The greater the number of residents, the higher the use of city fleet, in particular Fire and Police vehicles. Job growth: Similar to above, the greater the number of people working in the community, the greater the use of municipal vehicles, in particular Fire and Police vehicles. Employee count: The amount of gasoline/ diesel that is used by other municipal vehicles (e.g. administrative vehicles) will also depend on the number of employees that utilize them. Assume that the greater the number of employees, the greater the vehicles will by utilized. 0.6% 0.7% Population growth: ABAG 2009 Job growth: ABAG 2009 Employee count: Maria Sanders, City of El Cerrito Employee Commute Employee count growth Employee count: The amount of gasoline/ diesel that is used during commute will depend on the number of employees. 0.3% 0.4% Employee count: Maria Sanders, City of El Cerrito Solid Waste Employee count growth Employee count: The amount of solid waste that is generated from municipal operations will largely depend on the number of employees. 0.3% 0.4% Employee count: Maria Sanders, City of El Cerrito Refrigerants Average of population growth, job growth, and employee count Population growth: The greater the number of residents, the greater the use of equipment, vehicles, in particular, that will be needed to service them (e.g. A/C in municipal vehicle fleet). Job growth: Similar to above, the greater the number of people working in the community, the greater the use of equipment, vehicles, in particular, that will be needed to service them (e.g. A/C in municipal vehicle fleet). Employee count: The higher the number of city employees, the higher the use and purchase of equipment that contain refrigerants in city facilities (e.g. refrigerators, chillers, A/C in buildings and city fleet, etc.) 0.6% 0.7% Population growth: ABAG 2009 Job growth: ABAG 2009 Employee count: California State Reduction Scenario: The following State initiatives have been taken into consideration in both the Community and the Municipal Inventory Forecasts: 1. Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Established in 2002 in Senate Bill 1078, the RPS program requires electricity providers to increase the portion of energy that comes from renewable sources to 20% by 2010 and by 33% by 2020. 2. Pavley Regulations (AB 1493) AB 1493 requires a gradual reduction of GHG emissions from new passenger cars and light trucks (e.g. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 27 sedans, trucks and SUVs) beginning in 2009. The Scoping Plan assigns an approximate 20% reduction in emissions from passenger vehicles associated with the implementation of AB 1493. 3. Low Carbon Fuel Standard In order to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels, this regulation mandates fuel producers to produce a 10% reduction in carbon content of all passenger vehicle fuels sold in California by 2020. A 10 percent reduction in the intensity of transportation fuels is expected to equate to a reduction of 15 million MTCO2E in 2020. In estimating the impact of these state initiatives on El Cerrito community’s 2020 emissions projections, the percentage emissions reduction estimated by the State from its projected 2020 GHG emissions inventory were utilized. However, the 2020 emission reduction estimates from all state standards were discounted to account for the fact that they went into effect after 2005 (2009 and 2010, respectively) and has had slow implementation thereafter. These percentage reductions are listed in the table below. California Initiative % Reduction from 2020 GHG inventory for Entire State Discount Factor for slow implementation 2020 Renewable Portfolio Standard 21% 0.75 AB 1493 (Pavley) 19.7% 0.6 Low Carbon Fuel Standard 7.2% 0.6 Source: Bay Area Air Management District’s CEQA Guidelines June 2010 In assessing the state initiatives on El Cerrito community’s 2035 emissions projections, it was assumed that the emissions reductions from the three state measures from 2020-2035 (second 15 years) are similar to emissions reduction resulting from 2005-2020 (first 15 years). Additional assumptions include: • RPS: Assume there is a gradual linear ramp from effective date (2003) up to reach 33% by 2030 • LCFS: Assume there is a gradual linear ramp up from effective date (2010) to reach 10% reduction in carbon intensity of fuels by 2020 • Pavley: Although signed into CA law in 2002, the U.S. EPA did not approve waiver to California until 2009. Assume effective year to be 2009 and there is a gradual linear implementation ramp up. ---PAGE BREAK--- 28 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix E Community Emissions Forecast Total 2005 Emissions (tons CO2e) Total 2020 Emissions (tons CO2e) CO2e Growth from 2005 (tons CO2e) Emissions Reductions from State Measures (tons CO2e) Adjusted Total 2020 Emissions (tons CO2e) A d j u s t Total 2035 Emissions (tons CO2e) CO2e Growth from 2005 (tons CO2e) Emissions Reductions from State Measures (tons CO2e) Adjusted Total 2035 Emissions (tons CO2e) Residential Electricity 12,114 12,632 518 1,990 10,642 13,564 1,450 2,848 10,715 Residential Natural Gas 29,506 30,767 1,261 0 30,767 33,036 3,531 0 33,036 Commercial Electricity 15,430 18,274 2,844 2,878 15,396 23,722 8,292 4,982 18,740 Direct Access Electricity 1,804 2,137 333 337 1,800 2,773 969 582 2,191 Commercial Natural Gas 5,152 6,102 950 0 6,102 7,921 2,769 0 7,921 Water Consumed 277 308 31 48 259 363 87 76 287 Wastewater Treated 234 261 27 42 219 307 73 64 243 Auto Traffic (local streets) 37,143 43,638 6,495 7,043 36,595 50,133 12,990 13,486 36,648 Auto Traffic (San Pablo Ave) 13,482 15,840 2,358 2,557 13,283 18,197 4,715 4,895 13,302 Auto Traffic of County Highways) 24,200 28,432 4,232 4,589 23,843 32,664 8,464 8,787 23,877 Solid Waste to Landfill 7,302 8,116 814 0 8,116 9,584 2,282 0 9,584 Municipal Refrigerants 450 490 40 0 490 560 110 0 560 TOTAL 147,094 166,995 19,901 19,483 147,512 192,825 45,732 35,721 157,105 Emissions Projections from State Measures 2035 Emissions Projections Community Emissions Growth 2020 and 2035 Forecast 2020 Emissions Projections Baseline Year Business-As-Usual Emissions Projections Business-As-Usual Emissions Projections Source of Emissions Emissions Projections from State Measures ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 29 BAU Indicators VMT Compounded Annual Growth Rate 2005 DVMT (Contra Costa County) 23,326,718 Source: ABAG 2009 2020 DVMT Extrapolated from 2005 and 2020 data. 2020 DVMT (Contra Costa County) 27,405,869 2035 DVMT (Contra Costa County) 31,485,020 Years Compounded (2005-2020) 15 Years Compounded (2005-2035) 30 Cumulative Avg Growth Rate (CAGR) 2005- 2020: 1.08% CAGR 2005-2035: 1.00% Population Growth Projections 2005 Population 23,400 Source: ABAG 2009 2020 Population 24,400 2035 Population 26,200 Years Compounded (2005-2020) 15 Years Compounded (2005-2035) 30 CAGR 2005-2020: 0.28% CAGR 2005-2035: 0.38% Job Growth Projections 2005 # of Jobs 5,750 Source: ABAG 2009 2020 # of Jobs 6,810 2035 # of Jobs 8,840 Years Compounded (2005-2020) 15 Years Compounded (2005-2035) 30 CAGR 2005-2020: 1.13% CAGR 2005-2035: 1.44% ---PAGE BREAK--- 30 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN End Use Baseline Year 2020 Emissions Projections 2035 Emissions Projections Business-As-Usual Emissions Projections Emissions Projections with Select State Measures Business-As-Usual Emissions Projections Emissions Projections with Select State Measures Total 2005 Tons CO2e Total 2020 Tons CO2e Tons CO2e Growth from 2005 Tons Reduced from State Measures Adjusted Total 2020 Tons CO2e Total 2035 Tons CO2e Tons CO2e Growth from 2005 Tons Reduced from State Measures Adjusted Total 2035 Tons CO2e Buildings/ Facilities 746 812 66 171 641 929 183 195 734 Streetlights & Traffic Lights 229 255 26 54 201 301 72 63 238 Water & Wastewater 14 16 2 3 12 18 4 4 15 Vehicle Fleet 525 572 46 75 497 654 129 99 556 Employee Commute 495 516 22 68 449 554 60 84 471 Solid Waste 157 164 7 0 164 176 19 0 176 Refrigerants 450 490 40 0 490 450 0 0 450 TOTAL 2,617 2,825 208 370 2,455 3,084 467 444 2,639 Appendix F Municipal Emissions Forecast ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 31 I. BAU Indicators Population Growth Projection 2005 Population 23,400 Source: ABAG 2009 2020 Population 24,400 2035 Population 26,200 Years Compounded (2005-2020) 15 Years Compounded (2005-2035) 30 CAGR 2005-2020: 0.28% CAGR 2005-2035: 0.38% Employee Number Projection 2005 # of employees (full-time equivalent) 200 Source: Maria Sanders, City of El Cerrito. Took the number of FTE and divided that by the 2005 number of FTE and then applied that multiplier to the future years. 2005 = 200 FTE employees for 23,400 residents = 1 employee per 117 residents 2020 = 24,400 residents divided by 117 = 209 employees 2035 = 26,200 / 117 = 224 employees 2020 # of employees (full-time equivalent) 209 2035 # of Jobs 224 Years Compounded (2005-2020) 15 Years Compounded (2005-2035) 30 CAGR 2005-2020: 0.29% CAGR 2005-2035: 0.38% Job Growth Projections 2005 # of Jobs 5,750 Source: ABAG 2009 2020 # of Jobs 6,810 2035 # of Jobs 8,840 Years Compounded (2005-2020) 15 Years Compounded (2005-2035) 30 CAGR 2005-2020: 1.13% CAGR 2005-2035: 1.44% ---PAGE BREAK--- 32 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix G Summary of Goals, Objectives and Strategies, Consistency with El Cerrito General Plan Sustainable Community (SC): Transportation, Land Use and Community Development Goal # Goal and Objectives Annual Tons CO2e Reduced Sustainable Community (SC) by 2020 by 2035 SC-1 Encourage higher density TOD and infill development on transportation corridors SC-1.1 Update General Plan and other applicable plans and ordinances to support higher densities along major transportation corridors 10,027 20,378 SC-1.2 Develop planning mechanisms to encourage development of higher densities in designated areas SC-1.3 Develop a parking demand management strategy to encourage high density development and alternatives to driving SC-2 Diversity El Cerrito’s economy to increase El Cerrito’s job base, create greater commercial vitality and more pedestrian-friendly economic activity SC-2.1 Create a walkable physical environment that invites people to spend time in El Cerrito’s commercial areas. SC-2.2 Enhance neighborhood-serving commercial nodes and encourage commercial spaces in mixed-use areas. SC-2.3 Encourage adoption of green business practices and attract “green economy” businesses to El Cerrito SC-3 Invest in pedestrian-, bicycle-, and transit-friendly infrastructure SC-3.1 Create design standards for bicycle and pedestrian friendly design SC-3.2 Maintain an active streetscape improvement and maintenance program SC-3.3 Continue implementation of the Ohlone Greenway Master Plan SC-3.4 Expand and improve the City's bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure SC-3.5 Work with regional agencies to support improvements and greater access to transit facilities in El Cerrito SC-4 Increase and enhance urban green and open space SC-4.1 Develop a comprehensive Urban Greening Plan SC-4.2 Promote Bay Friendly tree planting and landscaping and open and green spaces, including community gardens SC-5 Develop alternative transportation outreach and incentive programs to increase the number of trips made by walking, biking or taking transit. SC-5.1 Encourage residents and businesses to adopt trip reduction programs 242 443 SC-5.2 Develop education and outreach campaigns and events to promote walking, biking and taking transit SC-State State transportation measures: fuel efficiency & low carbon content 14,189 27,167 Total Sustainable Community Reductions Identified (Tons CO2e) 24,458 47,988 ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 33 Sustainable Community Goal Encourage more compact, higher density infill development along transportation corridors to reduce vehicle miles traveled in El Cerrito and beyond. SC-1.1: Update the El Cerrito General Plan and other applicable plans and ordinances to reflect greater residential and commercial density along major transit corridors and to encourage Transit Oriented Development (TOD) near both BART stations. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Utilize the results of the San Pablo Avenue Specific Plan and TOD studies to inform the update to the General Plan. Yes • Continue to participate in the development of the Bay Area Sustainable Community Strategy’s (SCS) Plan Bay Area process. Yes • Position El Cerrito to be competitive for SCS Plan Bay Area Grants by developing a Complete Streets Plan and implementing the City’s 2007-2014 Housing Element to facilitate the development of housing to meet regional housing needs. • Continue to pursue developments of TOD in both the Del Norte Station area and El Cerrito Plaza areas. Yes Yes • Partner with all regional transportation agencies serving west Contra Costa County to develop a congestion relief plan that mitigates automobile and parking impacts at the Del Norte Station area. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU5.1 Higher density and mixed uses at BART Station Areas; T1.7 Regional coordination; T2.1 Land use patterns SC-1.2: Create planning mechanisms and development standards to encourage the right mix of high density, mixed-use and affordable housing development along major transportation corridors. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Strive to meet the City's Regional Housing Needs Allocation for 2014 and 2022. Yes • Develop regulatory programs and incentives, such as an inclusionary housing ordinance and/or other innovative approaches to ensuring the creation of mixed-income housing in new multi-family development. No • Develop strategies to streamline planning entitlement processes in targeted PDA areas. No • Revise development standards along major transportation corridors to encourage higher density development. No • Prioritize potential development sites along the Avenue and work with owners to redevelop their parcels. Yes • Assist and collaborate with non-profit, private and public entities to maximize opportunities to develop affordable housing. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU4.5 Mixed uses; T2.1 Land use patterns; T2.2 Project design ---PAGE BREAK--- 34 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN SC-1.3: Develop and implement a parking demand management strategy in TOD areas that both responds to market conditions and encourages alternatives to driving and higher density development along transit-oriented corridors. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Consider instituting parking pricing strategies around the BART stations, particularly the Del Norte Station where a majority of commuters drive alone to the Station. No • Allow building owners to unbundle parking to be rented separately from the building space. No • Consider allowing on-street parking to meet off-street parking requirements. No • Consider instituting flexible parking requirements for transit-oriented development that provides services, infrastructure and/or mitigations to reduce parking demand. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU4.5 Mixed uses; T2.1 Land use patterns; T2.2 Project design Sustainable Community Goal Increase El Cerrito’s economic base to create more jobs, encourage greater vitality and more pedestrian-friendly economic activity. SC-2.1: Create a physical environment and stronger sense of place that supports high quality, walkable commercial and retail development and invites people to spend time in El Cerrito’s commercial areas. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Continue to pursue projects in such nodes of activity as the Theater Block, the El Cerrito Plaza area, Midtown, and Del Norte to identify El Cerrito’s portion of San Pablo Avenue as a special place of dynamic activity. Yes • Create a reason for people to shop in El Cerrito by developing a unique El Cerrito experience that builds upon local assets. Yes • Link the City’s main commercial nodes through a network of open space, public art, and other amenities that encourage people to linger longer. • Develop and implement design guidelines that promote a pedestrian-friendly commercial environment, such as allowing and encouraging outdoor seating and activities that enliven the street and prohibiting design that is counter to this goal in pedestrian and transit oriented nodes. Yes • Pursue innovative street parking solutions that support pedestrian access. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU3.2 Midtown development; LU4.3 Attractive accessible street frontage; CD1.2 Design concept; CD1.6 Entrance to City; CD 3.11 Streetscape design; CD 4.2 Building articulation; CD6 Affordable commerce ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 35 SC-2.2: Enhance neighborhood-serving commercial nodes and encourage the development of commercial spaces in mixed-use areas to better serve the daily needs of residents and employees. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Identify nodes and properties in commercial corridors that are economically feasible for commercial and/or mixed-use development. Yes • Develop conceptual area plans for communicating the City’s vision, goals and expectations for these areas to the development community. No • Develop study areas to investigate strategies to more fully realize the potential for neighborhood-scale commercial nodes, such as the upper Fairmount and Stockton Areas, as part of the next General Plan Update process. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU3.1 Easy access to businesses; LU4.2 Availability of goods and services; LU4.4 Availability of amenities; LU5.4 Neighborhood commercial centers; CD6 Affordable commerce SC-2.3: Attract “green economy” businesses to El Cerrito and encourage existing businesses to adopt environmentally friendly practices Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Participate in the regional Green Business Program and support projects/policies to promote resource efficiency, waste reduction, and pollution prevention. • Develop a business attraction strategy that investigates the types of “green economy” businesses that would be appropriate in El Cerrito. • Support the development of local food economy in El Cerrito by: Yes No • Recruiting local food enterprises to locate in El Cerrito; and • Expanding the frequency and enhancing the quality of local farmers’ markets. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU6.3 Environmental businesses Sustainable Community Goal Continue to invest in infrastructure that invites people to walk, bike, and take transit more in El Cerrito. SC-3.1: Create design standards for developments in commercial areas that requires pedestrian improvements. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Develop design standards to improve building facades so that they are pedestrian-scaled with windows and entries along the pedestrian frontage. Yes • Encourage the creation of both privately and publicly maintained pedestrian right-of-ways between San Pablo Ave and neighboring streets and amenities in order to break up long blocks and increase the number of pedestrian connections per block. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: CD2.1 Street frontages; LU4.3 Attractive accessible street frontages; T2.1 Land use patterns; T2.2 Project design; CD 3.10 Greenway spur trails ---PAGE BREAK--- 36 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN SC-3.2: Maintain and expand an active program of streetscape improvements that enhance the pedestrian environment, character and continuity of residential and commercial districts and create greater connectivity between residential and commercial districts. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Identify and pursue additional opportunities to create and/or modify city street crossings, long blocks, and other city right of ways (pedestrian trails and stairs) to increase pedestrian and bicyclist convenience. Yes • Participate in regional efforts to create a way-finding signage program connecting neighborhoods, the Ohlone Greenway, and appropriate pedestrian trails to major transportation hubs. Yes • Develop a wayfinding signage program to promote use of pedestrian trails and stairs. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: CD2.1 Street frontages; CD2.2 San Pablo Ave; CD2.3 Streetscape improvements; CD2.4 Multi-nodal transportation networks; CD2.5 Signs; CD 3.11 Streetscape design SC-3.3: Continue implementation of the Ohlone Greenway Master Plan and create greater connections between the Greenway, San Pablo Ave and other regional trail networks. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Secure funding to design and develop key "Activity Areas" as defined in the Ohlone Greenway Master Plan. Yes • Encourage the creation of pedestrian right-of-ways and bicycle facilities between San Pablo Avenue and the Greenway to increase interconnectivity, including redesign of parcels as they redevelop and partnerships or incentives to existing businesses to incorporate such access. No • Develop a comprehensive way-finding information program to inform Ohlone Greenway and other pedestrian trail users about connections to San Pablo Avenue and surrounding destinations. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU5.6 Development along the Ohlone Greenway; CD2.4 Multi-nodal transportation network; CD2.5 Signs; CD3.9 Ohlone Greenway; CD3.10 Greenway spur trails SC-3.4: Expand and improve the City's bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Update the Bicycle and Pedestrian Circulation Plan to identify new design standards and traffic control methods and integrate Climate Action and Complete Streets policies. Yes • Develop the San Pablo Avenue Complete Street Plan and incorporate plan elements into the General Plan Update, including: Goals for future mode share and level of investment needed to achieve these goals; Performance and level-of-service standards for all modes of transportation’ New street and intersection design standards that specifically consider bicycle, pedestrian, transit, and traffic calming measures. Yes ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 37 Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU5.5 Pedestrian and bicycle access; LU6.2 Circulation alternatives; CD2.4 Multi-nodal transportation network; CD2.8 City Sidewalk and pedestrian walkways; T1.3 Bicycle circulation; T1.4 Pedestrian circulation SC-3.5: Collaborate with WCCTAC, BART, AC Transit and WestCAT to support improvements to transit facilities in the City El Cerrito. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Enhance access to transit facilities by working with WCCTAC to complete the West County Transportation Enhancement and Transit Wayfinding Projects and seeking grant opportunities to implement improvements identified by these projects. Yes • Work with WCCTAC and employers in El Cerrito and nearby communities (such as Berkeley’s National Lab’s new Richmond Field Campus) to develop commuter trip reduction programs. No • Partner with BART to expand and enhance pedestrian and bicycle access to BART stations, including better and safer connections between the Ohlone Greenway and the stations. Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU5.5 Pedestrian and bicycle access; LU6.2 Circulation alternatives; CD2.4 Multi-nodal transportation network; CD2.8 City Sidewalk and pedestrian walkways; T1.3 Bicycle circulation; T1.4 Pedestrian circulation Sustainable Communities Goal Increase and enhance urban green and open space to protect biodiversity, conserve natural resources, conserve water, foster walking and bicycling, and improve the health and quality of life for residents and people who work in El Cerrito. SC-4.1: Develop a comprehensive Urban Greening Plan to guide the development, programming, and maintenance of the City’s public open spaces and green infrastructure and to identify additional or different types of green spaces needed to support urban infill development. Existing Policy, Program, Project Aspects of the Plan to include: • A needs assessment of green and open space in El Cerrito Yes • Updated Master Street Tree List, City planting palettes, and a Park Planting Maintenance and Resource Conservation Guidelines Yes • Policy recommendations Yes • List of potential urban greening and open space projects Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: T3.2 Streets as public spaces; PR1.2 Regular park maintenance; PR1.4 Minimum parkland; PR1.6 Private involvement; PR1.17 Native plant buffer zones; PR2.1 Open space purpose; PR2.3 Open space plan map; PR2.5 Open space strategy; PR2.5 Open space use; PR2.6 Existing open space preservation; R1.1 Habitat protection; R1.2 Rare and endangered species; R1.3 Potential environmental impacts; R1.7 Creek protection; R1.8 Creek improvements; CD3.5 Creek preservation; CD3.8 Public spaces ---PAGE BREAK--- 38 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN SC-4.2: Promote Bay-Friendly tree planting, landscaping, and green and open space that is attractive, helps restore natural processes, keeps storm water clean, conserves resources, and helps connect citizens to El Cerrito’s natural environment. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Update the Urban Forestry Management plan to diversify tree species, implement successive replanting and standardize best management practices in order to maintain and enhance a community forest that contributes to a sustainable environment. No • Develop a policy for new City maintained landscapes to follow the principles of Bay Friendly design and maintenance. No • To enforce regional clean water requirements and the State’s Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance, ensure that ecologically beneficial storm water retention systems (rain gardens) and water conservation features are integrated into the design of landscapes on both public and private land. No • Encourage and support the development of community gardens in order to increase access to healthy, affordable, local foods. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU6.1 Natural features; CD3.5 Creek preservation; CD3.8 Public Spaces; CD3.12 Landscape species; PR1.17 Native plant buffer zones; PR3.2 Open space improvements; PR 3.3 Creek restoration; PS 4.2 Creek restoration; R1.6 Runoff water quality; R1.11 Native plant communities Sustainable Communities Goal Develop alternate transportation outreach, education and incentive campaigns tailored to El Cerrito. SC-5.1: Encourage residents and businesses to use trip reduction programs. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Work with WCCTAC, 511 Contra Costa, and other transportation programs to promote their programs to El Cerrito’s business and residential communities. Yes • Create a welcome packet for new businesses and residents in El Cerrito that provides information on trip reduction options, as well as pedestrian and bicycling amenities in El Cerrito. No • Pursue funding to develop trip reduction incentive and education programs specific to El Cerrito and to increase community participation in such events as Bike-to-Work Day. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU6.2 Circulation alternatives; R1.4 Air quality SC-5.2: Develop and implement other programs and campaigns that are known to increase biking and walking, such as “Sunday Streets”, Bike Rodeos and Safety Classes, etc. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Enhance and expand the City’s “Street Play” days, such as the Alberrito Street Play Day, to include more events and other neighborhoods. Yes ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 39 • Expanding on the success of Bike-To-Work Day, sponsor a variety of “Bike-to…” or “Walk-To…” events that link biking and walking to everyday activities such as shopping, recycling, and recreating. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU6.2 Circulation alternatives Energy and Water Use Goal # Goals and Objectives Annual Tons CO2e Reduced Energy and Water (EW) Use by 2020 by 2035 EW-1 Reduce energy and water use in existing buildings by 20% EW-1.1 Promote and provide energy and water efficiency education & incentive programs in El Cerrito 2,736 10,411 EW-1.2 Promote clean energy financing strategies for property owners 887 1,953 EW-1.3 Utilize existing points of interaction with the City to encourage and/or require cost-effective energy and water efficiency improvements 867 3,503 EW-2 Encourage new construction to build to a higher level of green building and energy efficiency than is required by California code. EW-2.1 Encourage new construction to be built to green building, energy, and water performance standards 445 1,333 EW-3 Reduce reliance on fossil fuel based energy by increasing renewable energy use in El Cerrito EW-3.1 Facilitate greater adoption of renewable energy use 1,061 3,566 EW-3.2 Join a Community Choice Aggregation 4,242 6,868 EW-4 Encourage water conservation and efficiency and diversify the community's water supply. EW-4.1 Promote and provide water efficiency education & incentive programs in El Cerrito 63 95 EW-4.2 Encourage adoption of rainwater catchment and gray water irrigation systems EW-State State Electricity Measures: Renewable Energy Standard 5,294 8,553 Total EW Reductions Identified (Annual Tons CO2e) 15,595 36,282 ---PAGE BREAK--- 40 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Energy and Water Goal Reduce energy and water use by 20% of the 2005 baseline in existing residential and commercial buildings by 2020. EW-1.1: Pursue opportunities to actively promote energy and water efficiency education and incentive programs in El Cerrito. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Structure building permit fees, processes, and requirements to incentivize greater adoption of energy efficiency, clean energy, and water conservation improvements. No • Develop partnerships with the following entities to bring residential energy and water efficiency technical assistance and incentives to El Cerrito: • PG&E, EBMUD, ABAG, Contra Costa County Weatherization and Green Business Program, East Bay Energy Watch Program Yes • Create a low-cost marketing strategy to encourage residents to participate in energy and water efficiency programs. No • Work with policy makers at the regional, county, state and federal levels to ensure that small local governments have access to dedicated sources of energy efficiency funding. Yes • Apply for appropriate grants for marketing, outreach and incentive programs dedicated to energy and water efficiency in El Cerrito. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: CD3.12 Landscape species; CD4.5 Energy and resources EW-1.2: Promote financing strategies that will encourage property owners to make energy efficiency and other clean energy investments in their properties. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Pursue commercial PACE financing in conjunction with other public entities. No • Adopt residential PACE financing if it becomes available in California. No • Promote and help market on-bill financing by the utilities to sectors where this service is available. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: CD4.5 Energy and resources; R1.5 Clean energy sources EW-1.3: Utilize existing points of interaction with the city to encourage and/or require cost-effective energy and water efficiency improvements. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Structure building permit fees and requirements to incentivize greater adoption of energy and water efficiency improvements. No • Encourage or require a home energy performance report at the time-of-sale in order to promote a better understanding of factors affecting home comfort, indoor air quality, and utility costs. No ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 41 • Encourage or require improvements to a building’s energy or water performance during major renovation, sale, or certain types of improvements. No • Encourage compliance with AB 1103, which requires disclosure of an EPA Energy Star energy performance rating at time of sale or lease of a commercial building. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: CD3.12 Landscape species; CD4.5 Energy and resources Energy/Water Goal Encourage new construction to build to a higher level of green building, energy and water efficiency than is required by California code. EW-2.1: Encourage new construction to be built to green building, energy, and/or water performance standards such a LEED, Green Points, and Energy Star. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • To lead by example, require newly constructed city buildings and projects receiving City funds to be built to a minimum LEED Silver certification and to strive towards net-zero energy design. No • Simplify project review and permit approval processes to encourage the use of net-zero energy design and innovative water conservation strategies such as rain water catchment and gray water systems. No • Encourage access to education and technical assistance through energy and water utility programs such as Savings by Design, Net-Zero Energy Buildings, and Water Smart. No • Link participants to incentives, such as recognition and rebate programs. No • Assess feasibility of adopting higher energy efficiency and/or green building requirements, as recommended by the California Green Building Code. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: LU6.4 Water conservation in new development; CD3.12 Landscape species; CD4.5 Energy and resources; CD4.6 Sustainable building materials; R1.5 Clean energy sources Energy/Water Goal Reduce reliance on fossil fuel based energy by increasing renewable energy use in El Cerrito. EW-3.1: Develop and implement a strategy to facilitate greater adoption of solar and renewable energy use in the residential and commercial sectors. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Streamline, to the extent possible, the permit process for installing solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems. No • Continue participation in the East Bay Green Corridor’s regional solar permitting streamlining efforts. Yes ---PAGE BREAK--- 42 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN • Provide educational workshops for residents and businesses on assessing the feasibility of using renewable energy to offset their grid-tied electricity use. No • Work with local financial institutions, solar vendors, and community groups to develop a program to lower costs of solar for El Cerrito residents and businesses, based on a models developed by the cities of San Francisco and San Jose. No • Pursue funding resources to develop and implement an El Cerrito Go Solar program containing the elements listed above. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: R1.5 Clean energy sources EW-3.2: Participate in regional efforts to provide a higher percentage of electricity from renewable sources than otherwise provided . Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Explore opportunities for instituting or joining a regional Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) effort . No Consistency with General Plan Policies: R1.5 Clean energy sources Energy and Water Goal Partner with local, regional, and state agencies to encourage water conservation and efficiency. EW-4.1: Pursue opportunities to actively promote water conservation and efficiency programs in commercial and residential buildings and landscapes. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Providing educational workshops for city staff, residents and businesses on Bay Friendly landscapes and maintenance practices. No • Enforce the State mandated Water Efficiency Landscape Ordinance, in which new and rehabilitated landscapes with at least 2500 sq. ft. of landscape area must meet an annual water budget. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: CD3.12 Landscape species EW-4.2: Encourage the adoption of rainwater catchment and gray water irrigation systems in El Cerrito, consistent with California State code, to offset use of potable use. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Streamlining to the extent possible the permit process for installing gray water systems and rainwater catchment systems. No • Structure building permit fees and requirements to incentivize greater adoption of water efficiency improvements. No ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 43 • Providing educational workshops for residents and businesses on installing and using rainwater catchment and gray water systems to reduce use of potable water. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: R1.6 Runoff water quality Waste Reduction Goal # Goals and Objectives Annual Tons CO2e Reduced Energy and Water Use existing measures by 2020 by 2035 W-1 Reduce waste going to landfill to 4,000 tons by 2020 and to 2,000 tons by 2035. W-1.1 Maximize participation in curbside waste reduction services in the residential, commercial, multi-family, and educational sectors. 3,288 6,324 8,397 W-1.2 Expand one-stop waste diversion options at the Recycling and Environmental Resource Center W-1.3 Reduce landfill waste from Construction and Demolition Projects W-1.4 Develop and implement a “Zero-Waste” 2035 Plan for El Cerrito Total Waste Reductions Identified (Tons CO2e) 6,324 8,397 Waste Goal Reduce waste going to the landfill to only 4,000 tons by 2020 (or 65% of land-filled waste in 2011) and to 2,000 tons by 2035. W-1.1: Maximize participation in waste reduction curbside services in the residential, commercial, multi-family, and educational sectors. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Conduct Waste Characterization Profiles for each waste generation sector (residential, commercial, and multi-family, and educational) in order to determine where greater waste diversion, reduction and outreach is needed. No • Provide specialized customer service and collection approaches more frequent collections, specialized containers, site consultations) that are customized to meet the special needs and limitations of each sector. No • Expand outreach and education on waste diversion and reduction programs available to El Cerrito’s residents, businesses, multi-family dwelling and schools, via targeted outreach/education programs including mailing inserts, site visits, and bill insert newsletters and other outreach and customer service avenues. Yes ---PAGE BREAK--- 44 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN • Adopt a mandatory recycling ordinance for all El Cerrito businesses. No • Expand the types of materials collected curbside as new markets develop. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: PS5.1 Monitoring recycling needs W-1.2: Expand one-stop waste diversion options at the Recycling + Environmental Resource Center. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Continue to expand drop-off options at the Center. Yes • Increase educational outreach to educate visitors on the “4 R’s” (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Rot) of waste reduction. Yes Consistency with General Plan Policies: PS5.1 Monitoring recycling needs W-1.3: Reduce landfill waste from Construction and Demolition. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Conduct Waste Characterization Profiles for El Cerrito construction and demolition projects. No • Negotiate terms with waste haulers and processors to collect, process, and divert the maximum potential construction and demolition waste. No • Adopt a Construction and Demolition Debris Recycling Ordinance that includes recycling requirements for renovations, additions, and other small projects and require builders and haulers to use City-approved C&D processing sites or otherwise prove that they recycling more than 50% of their waste. No • Conduct ongoing outreach to the El Cerrito and contractor communities regarding the details of the new Ordinance and compliance options. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: PS5.1 Monitoring recycling needs W-1.4: Develop and implement a Zero-Waste 2035 Waste Reduction Plan, wherein reducing the amount of waste produced is an ever-present goal. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Analyze El Cerrito’s waste streams (as mentioned in W-1.1 and W-1.3, above). No • Identify materials to be targeted by current and future programs. No • Investigate potential waste reduction strategies, such as: • New or modified diversion (reuse, recycling, of composting) programs • Bans on problematic materials (such as single use plastic bags and Styrofoam take-out containers) • “Return for deposit” and “producer take-back” requirements. No • Recommend types of “zero-waste” programs best instituted at the local level, as opposed to the state, regional, or national level. No ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 45 • Encourage producers, consumers, and recyclers to focus operations on the concept of product stewardship to reduce environmental and human health impacts. No Consistency with General Plan Policies: PS5.1 Monitoring recycling needs; R1.6 Runoff water quality Municipal Climate Action Strategies Goal # Fig, 4.5: Municipal Operations Summary of Goals and Objectives Annual Tons CO2e Reduced by 2020 by 2035 M-1 Reduce municipal transportation related GHG emissions by 15% by 2020 and 30% by 2035 M-1.1 Reduce annual VMT associated with employee commutes and field work 100 134 M-1.2 Green the municipal fleet 12 20 M-1.3 Reduce car travel associated with large City-sponsored events 0.63 1 M-2 Reduce reliance on utility provided energy and water in municipal operations by 15% by 2020 and 30% by 2035 M-2.1 Reduce overall energy and water use in municipal operations 200 334 M-2.2 Install solar energy projects on city buildings 112 140 M-2.3 Use Bay Friendly and Water Smart Irrigation practices and technologies 2 2.4 M-2.4 Convert City landscaped areas to “Bay-Friendly,” drought-tolerant landscapes (includes water, waste to landfill, and fuel savings) 82 113 M-3 Update the City’s project development and procurement practices to ensure the purchase of environmentally preferable projects, equipment, and products M-3.1 Update the City’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing policy and tools embedded energy, not measured M-3.2 Develop a green building ordinance for municipal buildings and projects embedded energy, not measured M-3.3 Maintain an active pavement preservation and management program embedded energy, not measured M-3.4 Reduce refrigerant emissions from City-owned AC units, vehicles, and refrigerators 295 322 SC-4 Make City operations a model of “reduce, reuse, recycle, and compost” M-4.1 Institute robust recycling and food waste composting programs in all City facilities counted in community waste reductions M-4.2 Create protocols, tools, and trainings to aid staff in specifying and purchasing recycled-content equipment and materials embedded energy, not measured M-4.3 Institute waste reduction policies and projects for City facilities. embedded energy, not measured State State Renewable Portfolio and Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Standards counted in Community Strategy Total Municipal Reductions Identified (Tons CO2e) 885 1,850 ---PAGE BREAK--- 46 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Municipal Goal Reduce transportation-related GHG emissions associated with the City’s operations and workforce by 15% by 2020 and 30% by 2035. M-1.1: Reduce annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) associated with employee commutes and work in the field. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Work with individual departments with fleets to develop fuel saving policies and programs. Potential policies and programs include route logistics planning, using fleet management software to monitor fleet use and performance, anti-idling policies, training in fuel-efficient driving. No • Hold an annual or semi-annual Green Commute Challenge for City employees to encourage all City staff to find alternatives to driving alone to work. Yes • Work with 511 Contra Costa to offer employee incentives to use alternative transportation. Yes • Purchase and install electric vehicle (EV) charging stations at City facilities where employees and/or customers park for more than 1 hour to facilitate use of electric vehicles. Yes • Identify and mitigate barriers to employees commuting by transit to work. No M-1.2: Green the municipal fleet by improving vehicle fuel efficiency and switching to cleaner fuel vehicles. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Update the City’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Policy (EPP) to encourage purchasing of low- and zero-emissions vehicles when replacing vehicles in the municipal fleet, whenever possible. No • Participate in regional EV readiness activities, as appropriate. Yes • Continue to use the Police Bike Patrol to increase criminal apprehension and police contact with the community, as well as promoting employee physical fitness and lower fuel costs. Yes • Create a municipal bicycle fleet for use by City staff and train staff in bicycle safety. Consider compatibility of City bicycle fleet with regional bike-sharing facilities being installed throughout the BART system. No M-1.3: Reduce car travel associated with large City-sponsored events, such as the July 4th Festival. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Provide and expand free or low-cost shuttles and/or bike-valet parking for event participants. Yes • Promote walking and biking to these events through marketing and making links to public health campaigns such as Healthy Eating Active Living. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 47 Municipal Goal Reduce reliance on utility provided energy and water for use in municipal operations by 15% by 2020 and by 30% by 2035. M-2.1: Reduce overall energy and water use in municipal operations. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Develop a municipal energy and water efficiency plan, which creates a baseline for the City’s energy and water use, identifies energy-and water inefficient facilities, and develops a rolling 3 year investment strategy for retrofitting or upgrading equipment at these facilities. Yes • Regularly assess and maintain City facilities to ensure that City buildings and irrigation operate at an optimal efficiencies. No • Create an energy and water efficiency revolving fund that directs utility rebates and a portion of dollar savings from past efficiency projects to be reinvested back into new efficiency projects (instituted in 2009). Yes • As the utility phases in “time-variant pricing” and starts charging premium rates for energy use during peak hours (normal business hours), investigate ways to shift non-essential energy use to off-peak hours. No • Use an energy and water bill monitoring database that helps monitor energy and water use and alerts users to anomalies in energy and water use. Yes • Develop outreach materials and training to encourage operational and behavior changes to minimize wasteful uses of energy and water. No • Pursue funding and technical resources to implement energy and water efficiency projects. Yes M-2.2: To lead by example, develop and implement a municipal solar energy strategy to locate solar energy projects at city facilities. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Assess all municipal buildings for the technical and economic feasibility of using solar photovoltaic and thermal systems to offset municipal energy use. Yes • Investigate procurement methods, incentives and financing strategies to lower up-front and long-term costs to procuring solar energy. Yes • Monitor the solar market, incentives, and financing opportunities to procure cost-effective renewable energy for municipal facilities where feasible. Yes M-2.3: Use Bay-Friendly and Water Smart irrigation practices and technology to maintain the City’s landscaped facilities, parks, medians, and streetscapes and to become more resilient to water shortages. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: ---PAGE BREAK--- 48 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN • Procure and install weather-station enabled, centrally controlled irrigation systems for all irrigated city landscapes. No • Use Bay-Friendly landscaping techniques that use less water and energy and produce less waste. Yes • Monitor all water accounts for leaks and excessive use on a regular basis. Yes • Identify preventative maintenance measures to pro actively address water leakage in City facilities. • Where feasible, install gray water and/or rainwater catchment technology in new construction and major retrofit projects. M-2.4: Convert City landscaped areas to drought-tolerant Bay Friendly landscapes, wherever possible. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Adopt a City policy that requires the specification of Bay Friendly, drought- tolerant landscapes in any City project or private project receiving City funds that has landscaped areas as a project element. No • Where feasible and as funding allows, replace non-active turf areas that are maintained by the City with Bay-Friendly landscaping. Yes Municipal Goal Update the City’s project development and procurement practices to ensure the specification, development, and purchase of cost-effective environmentally preferable projects, equipment and products. M-3.1: Update the City’s Environmentally Preferable Procurement policy and develop tools to better facilitate the procurement of resource-efficient and climate friendly equipment and products. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: Adopt updated policy and include protocols, tools, and trainings to aid staff in specifying and purchasing such items as • Energy Star rated equipment • Clean fuel vehicles and landscaping equipment • Office equipment and furniture made of recycled content • Products from manufacturers that minimize packaging waste and that offer take-back programs for products at the end of their useful life • Non-toxic janitorial and grounds maintenance products No ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 49 M-3.2: Develop a Green Building Ordinance that stipulates a minimum level of environmental and energy performance for municipal and other City-funded construction projects. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Require newly constructed or renovated city buildings to achieve a minimum Silver certification under LEED. No • To lead by example, require newly constructed city buildings to strive towards zero-net-energy design. No • Require private projects receiving City funds to achieve a minimum rating under LEED. No • Develop green construction/ infrastructure standards for other municipal projects, such as minor building renovations, playgrounds, parking lots, and streetscape improvements. No M-3.3: Continue to maintain an active pavement preservation and pavement management program to both improve vehicle fuel economy of road users and to avoid major reconstruction of roads due to deferred maintenance. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Continue to maintain El Cerrito’s roads at a Pavement Condition Index (PCI) average of 85 out of 100, as made possible by the El Cerrito Pothole Repair, Local Street Improvement and Maintenance Measure (Measure which was passed by local voters in 2008. Yes • Investigate other cost-effective technologies, materials, and practices that further decrease the environmental impact of road repair and maintenance. M-3.4: Develop a policy to reduce refrigerant emissions into the atmosphere to the lowest achievable and practical levels. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • As part of the Environmentally Preferable Procurement policy update, create a climate-friendly refrigerant specification for such common products as refrigerants, vehicles, and air conditioning units. No • Adopt an equipment maintenance standard to use best practices for refrigerant charge, leak detection, and refrigerant disposal. No • Retire older equipment using refrigerants with a high global warming potential, such as R-408A. No ---PAGE BREAK--- 50 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Municipal Goal Make City operations and facilities a model of “reduce, reuse, recycle,” and compost. M-4.1: Institute robust recycling and food waste composting programs in all City facilities and provide on-going education to decrease contamination of recycling and composting streams. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include: • Make recycling, food waste compost, and universal waste collection services available at all city facilities. Yes • Educate city employees on how to use the services. Yes • Have City facilities participate in the overall community Waste Characterization study mentioned in W-1.1 in order to determine where greater waste diversion, reduction and education potential can be achieved within municipal operations No M-4.2: As part of the update to the City’s EPP policy, create protocols, tools, and trainings to aid staff in specifying and purchasing recycled-content and low-waste products, equipment and materials. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include, but are not limited to: • Purchase recycled paint from paint manufacturers that have shown a commitment to formulating and marketing high quality recycled paint. No • Use recycled materials in capital improvement projects, such as in building construction and renovations, street paving and concrete treatments. No • Procuring products from companies that minimize packaging waste and offer take-back programs. No M-4.3: Institute waste reduction policies and projects. Existing Policy, Program, Project Strategies include, but are not limited to: • Work with City staff in all departments to determine strategies to eliminate avoidable, unnecessary waste of materials, for example: • Enabling all computers and printers to use double-sided printing as their default setting • Upgrading permit processes to be on-line and/or paperless No ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 51 Appendix H Reductions in CO2e from Sustainable Community Goals Program Assumptions 2020 2035 % reduction in VMT 12.5% 25.0% % VMT make up of light-duty vehicles and motocycles (versus medium/heavy duty vehicles) 87% 87% VMT & Fuel Use Impact 2020 2035 VMT reduced 14,379,266 32,353,901 Average passenger fuel economy- Gasoline 17.26 17.26 Gasoline use saved (gallons) 833,098 1,874,502 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 GHG emissions reduction (tons) 8,086 18,194 Sustainable Communities Goals Encourage more compact, higher density infill development; greater economic vitality; ped-bike- transit investment; and urban greening along transportation corridors to reduce vehicle miles traveled in El Cerrito and beyond. Fuel economy source: Use 2005 average fuel efficiency because reductions from increases in fuel efficiency for 2020 and 2035 already counted in reductions from State Pavely standards. U.S. Department of Commerce. Institute for 21st Century Energy. "Metric of the Month: Motor Vehicle Average Miles per Gallon." November 2011. Source: National Research Council's review of urban design studies indicates that higher residential density across a metropolitian area can lower household VMT by about 5 to 12%, and perhaps as much as 25%, if coupled with higher employement concentrations, significant public transportation improvements, mixed uses, improved pedestrian accessability, good design, strategic parking demand management, and other transportation demand management measures. Source: National Research Council. Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 emissions. Special Report 298. 2009. Assume 12.5% VMT reduction from 2020 Business-As- Usual (BAU) VMT in El Cerrito by 2020 and 25% reduction from 2035 Business-As-Usual (BAU) VMT in El Cerrito by 2035 as a result of the implementation of this comprehensive menu of transit- oriented development. Fuel economy source: Since this measure relates mainly to light-duty vehicles, assume VMT reduction from this measure is mainly from light-duty vehicles and motocycles only (gasoline use only versus diesel use). Since this measure relates mainly to residents and people who work in El Cerrito, assume VMT reduction from these measures is mainly from light-duty vehicles and motocycles only (gasoline use only versus diesel use). These vehicles make up 87% of the VMT in the community. % estimation is based on EMFAC VMT count for light-duty autos (PC), light-duty trucks (T1), and light-duty trucks (T2), and motocycles in 2020 and 2035 for Contra Costa County. California Air Resources Board. EMFAC2007, Version 2.30. ---PAGE BREAK--- 52 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Program Assumptions 2020 2035 % reduction in commute VMT 3.0% 3.0% % VMT make up of light-duty vehicles and motocycles (versus medium/heavy duty vehicles) 87% 87% VMT & Fuel Use Impact 2020 2035 VMT reduced 3,451,024 3,882,468 Gasoline use saved (gallons) (for light-duty vehicles and motocycles only) 199,961 224,960 Average passenger fuel economy- Gasoline 17.26 17.26 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 GHG emissions reduction (tons) 1,941 2,183 Sustainable Communities Goal Objective Expand and improve the City’s transit, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. Source: As a rule of thumb, the Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP) Guidebook attributes a 1% to 5% reduction associated with comprehensive bicycle programs. CCAP includes the following in a comprehensive bicycle program, including, but not limited to: * bicycle promotion programs * bicycle lanes and bridgets * effective bicycle signage and traffic signal improvements * connectivity between transit and bicycling * bicycle parking and storage * facilities for cyclists (i.e. shower and lockers) * bike share options * mapping and educational materials * bike rentals Assume middle range of CCAP reduction estimates: a constant 3% VMT reduction from 2020 and 2035 Business-As- Usual (BAU) VMT in El Cerrito by 2020 and 2035 respectively. Since this measure relates mainly to residents and people who work in El Cerrito, assume VMT reduction from this measure is mainly from light-duty vehicles and motocycles only (gasoline use only versus diesel use). These vehicles make up 87% of the VMT in the community, based on Contra Costa County numbers. % estimation is based on EMFAC VMT count for light-duty autos (PC), light-duty trucks (T1), and light-duty trucks (T2). and motocycles in 2020 and 2035 for Contra Costa County. Fuel economy source: Use 2005 average fuel efficiency because reductions from increases in fuel efficiency for 2020 and 2035 already counted in reductions from State Pavely standards. U.S. Department of Commerce. Institute for 21st Century Energy. "Metric of the Month: Motor Vehicle Average Miles per Gallon." November 2011. This worksheet quantifies VMT reductions pertaining to updating and implementing the Bicycle and Pedestrian Circulation Plan. CO2e reductions are not counted previously under other reductions associated with Goal SC-3. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 53 Program Assumptions 2020 2035 Estimated number of employed residents in community 11,584 11,670 % of residents using public transit 20.5% 20.5% % of workers in El Cerrito eligible 15% 30% % reduction in commute VMT 5.2% 5.2% Estimated average round-trip commute (miles) 19.0 19.0 VMT & Fuel Use Impact 2020 2035 VMT reduced 341,195 687,457 Gasoline use saved (gallons) (for light-duty vehicles and motocycles only) 19,770 39,833 Average passenger fuel economy- Gasoline 17.26 17.26 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 GHG emissions reduction (tons) 192 387 Sustainable Communities Goal Objective Encourage businesses and residents to adopt trip reduction programs Source: CAPCOA Quantifying GHG Mitigation Measures. 2010. Pg 218 - Implement Commute Trip Reduction Program - Voluntary. For large metropolitian area (5.2% reduction in commute VMT). Assume a 15% of employees are eligible to participate in at least one of the voluntary trip reduction programs in 2020 and 30% in 2035. Assume 100% of eligible employees participate in the program. Source: California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. QUANTIFYING GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION MEASURES. August, 2010. Pg 218 "The project will implement a voluntary Commute Trip Reduction (CTR) program with employers to discourage single-occupancy vehicle trips and encourage alternative modes of transportation such as carpooling, taking transit, walking, and biking. The CTR program will provide employees with assistance in using alternative modes of travel, and provide both "carrots" and "sticks" to encourage employees. The CTR program should include all of the following to apply the effectiveness reported by the literature: * Carpooling encouragement * Ride-matching assistance * Preferential carpool parking * Flexible work schedules for carpools * Half time transportation coordinator * Vanpool assistance * Bicycle end-trip facilities (parking, showers and lockers) Other strategies may also be included as part of a voluntary CTR program, though they are not included in the reductions estimation and thus are not incorporated in the estimated VMT reductions. These include: new employee orientation of trip reduction and alternative mode options, event promotions and publications, flexible work schedule for all employees, transit subsidies, parking cash-out or priced parking, shuttles, emergency ride home, and improved on-site amenities. Source: Shelly Meron. Contra Costa Times. "El Cerrito top-ranked city in East Bay for communting by transit". Sun December 21, 2008. Assume in 2020 and 2035, percentage of residents commuting by public transit stays consistent with 20.5%. Assume the 80% of workers drive during their commute. Based on number of employed residents in the City. In 2000, 11,469 residents in the community were employed. 2020 and 2035 figures were extraploated using the 2000 employment figure. Source: 2000 employment figure from 2000 Census data. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US0621796&-qr_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_DP5YR3&- ds_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. Fuel economy source: Use 2005 average fuel efficiency because reductions from increases in fuel efficiency for 2020 and 2035 already counted in reductions from State Pavely standards. U.S. Department of Commerce. Institute for 21st Century Energy. "Metric of the Month: Motor Vehicle Average Miles per Gallon." November 2011. Based on average assumed 250 work days/year Since this measure relates mainly to residents and people who work in El Cerrito, assume VMT reduction from this measure is mainly from light-duty vehicles and motocycles only (gasoline use only versus diesel use). These vehicles make up 87% of the VMT in the community, based on Contra Costa County numbers. % estimation is based on EMFAC VMT count for light-duty autos (PC), light-duty trucks (T1), and light-duty trucks (T2). and motocycles in 2020 and 2035 for Contra Costa County. ---PAGE BREAK--- 54 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Program Assumptions 2020 2035 Estimated % reduction in automobile trips for student commute 10% 10% Estimated student commute roundtrip (miles) 3 3 Estimated # of students in community 7,480 8,270 Estimated % of students who commute to/from school by car 40% 40% Assumed # of students in one vehicle if they use vehicles to commute 2 2 Estimated # of annual student round-trip commute trips 299,200 330,787 Estimated annual VMT from student commute (miles) 897,600 992,361 VMT & Fuel Use Impact 2020 2035 VMT Reduction 89,760 99,236 Gasoline use saved (gallons) (assume for light-duty vehicles and motocycles only) 5,201 5,750 Average passenger fuel economy- Gasoline 17.26 17.26 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 Electricity GHG emissions reduction (tons) 50 56 Sustainable Communities Goal Objective Encourage businesses and residents to adopt trip reduction programs. Implement trip reduction education and outreach programs Travel to school represents 10-15% of peak period motor vehicle trips in typical North American communities, although a smaller portion of total mileage since these trips tend to be shorter than other trip categories. There are currently few detailed studies of the effectiveness of School Transport Management programs, but anecdotal evidence indicates that total reductions in automobile trips of 10-20% or more are possible at a particular school, and much greater reductions are possible when schools are sited and designed for good accessibility. For this modeling, assume a conservative estimate of 10% reduction in automobile trips. Source: School Transport Management. Encouraging Alternatives to Driving to School. TDM Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Updated April 15, 2011. Since this measure relates mainly to light-duty vehicles, assume VMT reduction from this measure is mainly from light-duty vehicles and motocycles only (gasoline use only versus diesel use). Fuel economy source: Use 2005 average fuel efficiency because reductions from increases in fuel efficiency for 2020 and 2035 already counted in reductions from State Pavely standards. U.S. Department of Commerce. Institute for 21st Century Energy. "Metric of the Month: Motor Vehicle Average Miles per Gallon." November 2011. Assume, on average, 45% of students use family vehicles for arrival at school and 35% use family vehicles leaving school in the afternoon. For this modeling, assume 40% of students use family vehicles in general. Source: Safe Routes To School Travel Data. A Look at Baseline Results from Parent Surveys and Student Travel Tallies. Prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School. http://www.saferoutesinfo.org/resources/collateral/SRTS_baseline_data_report.pdf Based on 130,684 parent questionnaires about their childern's travel to school. 44% of students live one miile or less from school, more than 34% of the children live more than two miles from school. For this modeling, assume students live on average 1.5 miles from school. Source: Safe Routes To School Travel Data. A Look at Baseline Results from Parent Surveys and Student Travel Tallies. Prepared by the National Center for Safe Routes to School. Assume student commute = 5 days a week for 40 weeks annually. 2020 and 2035 figures were extrapolated using estimated baseline figure of 6,800 students enrolled in school in the community based on information from American Fact Finder (2005-2009) against population increase. Includes students enrolled in nursery school/preschool, kindergarten, elementary school (grades 1-8), and high school (grades 9- 12). Assume # of students in schools increases with population increase. Source: American Fact Finder (2005-2009 Estimatess) http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US0668294&-qr_name=ACS_2009_5YR_G00_DP5YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false Based on two community outreach & education campaign targeting two types of automobile use: work commute and school commute. School commute outreach & education campaign is based on School Transport Management Program (STMP), which can include promotion campaigns, special events, and contests to encourage parents, students and staff to reduce automobile travel to school; pedestrian and bicycle encouragement and safety education; organizing “Walking School Buses,” in which a parent walks a group of students to and from school; promoting Ridesharing by parents and staff; traffic Calming, speed reductions and neighborhood traffic management around schools; producing a Multi-Modal Access Guide, which concisely describes how to reach the school by walking, cycling and transit; etc. Source: School Transport Management. Encouraging Alternatives to Driving to School. TDM Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Updated April 15, 2011. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 55 Appendix I Reductions in CO2e from Energy and Water Goals Program Assumptions 2020 2035 Residents & people who work in El Cerrito 31,210 35,040 % market penetration per yr 12.0% 32.0% Energy and Water Goal Objective 1: Promote and provide energy and water efficiency education & incentive programs in El Cerrito % market penetration per yr 12.0% 32.0% Annual per capita electricity use (kWh) res and biz 11,112 10,179 Annual per capita natural gas use (therms) res & biz 368 368 Project goal: % reduction in energy use by residents who choose to become more energy efficient 15% 20% Based on anecdotal evidance from PG&E's SmartLights program 3% market penetration per year was achieved of community Electricity Use Impact Based on anecdotal evidance from PG&E's SmartLights program, 3% market penetration per year was achieved of community conducted energy efficiency retrofits) through strong outreach and education campaigns throughout the community. Using a more conservative annual 1.5% market penetration rate results in 12% market penetration in both the residential and commercial sectors over the next 8 years and an annual 1% market penetration rate from 2020 thru 2035 results in a 32% market penetration by 2035. Assume achieving a 15% reduction in residential energy use by 2020 and a 20% reduction by 2035 for those residents and businesses who choose to become more energy efficient as a result of the implementation of this measure. 2020 2035 Electricity use reduction (kWh) 6,242,306 22,826,559 Natural Gas Use Impact 2020 2035 Natural gas use reduction (therms) 206,792 825,488 Cost Impact 2020 2035 Electricity cost savings from reduced utility bills 811,500 $ 2,967,453 $ Natural gas cost savings from reduced utility bills 221,060 $ 882,446 $ Total 1,032,560 $ 3,849,899 $ GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 Electricity GHG emissions reduction (tons) 1,526.74 5,582.92 Natural gas GHG emissions reduction (tons) 1,209.50 4,828.17 Total (tons) 2,736.24 10,411.08 ---PAGE BREAK--- 56 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Program Assumptions Table 1 2020 2035 Number of housing units 11,040 11,740 Estimated percent reduction per housing unit in energy use from energy efficiency retrofit implementation 22% 22% Participation rate in program 13.0% 26.0% Assumed % of participants implementing energy efficiency retrofits through this program 95% 90% Assumed % of participants implementing renewable energy generation through this program 5% 10% Residential electricity use (kWh) 43,979,521 41,456,248 Residential natural gas use (therms) 5,259,264 5,647,242 Average capacity of system installed on participating unit/household (kW) 3.5 3.5 Number of housing units that install PV 72 305 Total capacity installed (kW) 251 1,068 Table 2 Peak sunhours in El Cerrito per year 1,716 Solar Derating Factor 33% Electricity Use Impact 2020 2035 Energy Efficiency Reduction in electricity use from energy efficiency retrofits (kWh) NA NA Solar PV Clean electricity supply added by solar PV (kWh) 288,680 1,227,934 Natural Gas Use Impact 2020 2035 Energy Efficiency Reduction in natural gas use from energy efficiency retrofits (therms) 139,647 284,113 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 Electricity GHG emissions reduction (tons) 71 300 Natural gas GHG emissions reduction (tons) 817 1,662 Total (tons) 887 1,962 Promote Weatherization and Solar PV Improvements to the Existing Residential Building Stock through these potential ginancing programs: 1. Property Accessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs work by allowing a government entity to provide the upfront capital for a building owner to invest in a retrofit. The government raises the money from the municipal or state bond market. The building owner then pays the government back via an increase to the semiannual property tax assessment. The advantage for a homeowner is that the payments stay with the property and not with the owner, in the event that the owner sells the property before he or she can pay off the retrofit lien. 2. Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs) and rehabilitation mortgages, through the federal Section 203(k) program, 57 allow upfront retrofit costs to become part of the home mortgage. These programs package the financing for the energy efficiency work as part of the single mortgage and allow borrowers to qualify for a larger loan amount to cover the extra costs. The idea is that the energy efficiency work will save the consumer more money in reduced energy costs on a basis than the cost of the additional payment on the mortgage. However, many homebuyers, realtors, and mortgage lenders are unaware of these programs. They therefore have tremendous potential for greater utilization. 3. Utility Provided On-Bill Financing programs allow electric utility customers to finance energy efficiency measures through their energy bills at low or no interest, with the upfront money provided by the utilities. PG&E is in the process of developing OBF for non-residential customers. Source: http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/Saving_Energy_May_2010(1).pdf Energy and Water Goal, Object 1.2: Promote clean energy financing strategies for property owners Assumes 22% reduction in natural gas use from energy efficiency retrofits in homes. This is based on energy savings estimates from the following data. The average of 10%, 25%, 46%, and 5% (conservative estimates) from the below four sources was utilized: 2) Program staff estimates that on average each household served by existing low-income weatherization programs reduces annual energy consumption by 10-25%. Source: Berkeley June 2009 Climate Action Plan. http://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Planning_and_Development/Level_3_- _Energy_and_Sustainable_Development/Berkeley%20Climate%20Action%20Plan.pdf 3) Weatherization led to natural gas savings of 46% in approximtely average size El Cerrito home. Case study by Maria Sanders, City of El Cerrito. Energy efficiency measures included Energy Star furnace, relcalibration of programmable thermostat, sealing/repair of leaky furance duct, sealing of attic leakage, and insulation of attic. 4) Basic weatherization can save 5 to 15% of energy use. Source: Enabling Investments in Energy Efficiency. A study of energy efficiency programs that reduce first- cost barriers in the residential sector. Prepared by Merrian Fuller, Energy & Resources Group, UC Berkeley. May 21, 2009. http://uc- ciee.org/energyeff/documents/resfinancing.pdf Below study states that the most successful energy efficiency financing programs have the following participation rates. Manitoba Hydro had a 1.9%. SMUD reached 0.6% of its customers in 2007, and has reached approximately 26% of its customers since its program inception in 1977. For this modeling, SMUD's numbers were used. Assumed 26% participation rate by 2035, and half of that (13%) by 2020. Source:Enabling Investments in Energy Efficiency. A study of energy efficiency programs that reduce first-cost barriers in the residential sector. Prepared by Merrian Fuller, Energy & Resources Group, UC Berkeley. May 21, 2009. http://uc- ciee.org/energyeff/documents/resfinancing.pdf Based on San Francisco's sun hours = 4.7 average for year. Peak sunhours at 37.62 degrees N. latitude and 0 degree tilt. Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat Plate and Concentrating Collectors. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/5607.pdf Source: California Energy Commission. Guide to Photovoltaic System Design and Installation. June 2001. Derating factor takes into consideration standard test condictions (0.95), temperature (0.89), dirt and dust (0.93), wiring losses and mismatch (0.95), and DC to AC conversion (0.90). In all, equates to 0.67 or 67%. http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2001-09-04_500-01-020.PDF ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 57 Baseline Assumptions: 2020 2035 Total El Cerrito housing units 11,040 11,740 Residential natural gas use (therms) 5,259,264 5,647,242 Annual natural gas use per housing unit (therms) 476 481 Level 1 Program Assumptions: 2020 2035 Cumulative number of housing units participating beginning in 2015 375 1,500 % Energy reduction from implementation of Level 1 measures 3% 3% Level 2 Program Assumptions: 2020 2035 Cumulative number of housing units participating beginning in 2015 500 2,000 % Energy reduction from implementation of Level 2 features 16% 16% Level 3 Program Assumptions: Voluntary Home Energy Performance Report at Time of Sale 2020 2035 Cumulative number of housing units participating beginning in 2015 1,000 4,000 % Energy reduction from implementation of Level 3 features 22% 22% Assume a therm savings of 16% from Level I measures from one Level 2 measure implemented (source: Mike Gable and Associates, Study for City of Hayward's Energy Conservation Ordinance) Assume a therm savings of 22% from Level 3 measures from one Level 2 measure Assume 100 permits pulled per year for Furnace, duct, weatherization related upgrades (source: El Cerrito permit statistics 2008) Assume 200 homes sold in El Cerrito per year (source: Approximate number of homes sold per year 2006-2011). 25% choose to get and act on a Home Energy Assessment Report. Assume 75 permits pulled per year for hot water heater, plumbing upgrades (source: El Cerrito permit statistics 2008) Program Assumptions Types of energy efficiency improvements that could be implemented by using permit incentives/ requirements to improve energy and water efficiency in existing residential units. Only energy savings computed here. Level 1: - Low flow toilets, showerheads and faucet aerators - Hot and cold water pipe insulation at least 5 feet from the water heater - Water pressure regulator in high water pressure districts Level 2: - Air sealing + R-30 roof/ceiling insulation ( if < R-13 existing roof/ceiling insulation) - Air sealing + R-19 raised floor insulation (if no existing raised floor insulation) - Furnace duct repair Level 3: - Voluntary Home Energy Assessment Report at time-of-sale Assume a therm savings of 3% from Level I measures from hot water savings. Energy and Water Goal Objective 3: Utilize existing points of interaction with the City to encourage and/or require cost-effective energy and water efficiency improvements ---PAGE BREAK--- 58 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Baseline Assumptions: 2020 2035 Total El Cerrito housing units 11,040 11,740 Residential natural gas use (therms) 5,259,264 5,647,242 Annual natural gas use per housing unit (therms) 476 481 Level 1 Program Assumptions: 2020 2035 Cumulative number of housing units participating beginning in 2015 375 1,500 % Energy reduction from implementation of Level 1 measures 3% 3% Level 2 Program Assumptions: 2020 2035 Cumulative number of housing units participating beginning in 2015 500 2,000 % Energy reduction from implementation of Level 2 features 16% 16% Level 3 Program Assumptions: Voluntary Home Energy Performance Report at Time of Sale 2020 2035 Cumulative number of housing units participating beginning in 2015 1,000 4,000 % Energy reduction from implementation of Level 3 features 22% 22% Natural Gas Use Impact 2020 2035 Annual natural gas saved (therms) 148,274 598,877 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 GHG emissions reduction (tons) 867 3,503 Assume a therm savings of 16% from Level I measures from one Level 2 measure implemented (source: Mike Gable and Associates, Study for City of Hayward's Energy Conservation Ordinance) Assume a therm savings of 22% from Level 3 measures from one Level 2 measure implemented. This is based on energy savings estimates from the following data. The average of 10%, 25%, 46%, and 5% from sources documented in EW.-1.2. Assume 100 permits pulled per year for Furnace, duct, weatherization related upgrades (source: El Cerrito permit statistics 2008) Assume 200 homes sold in El Cerrito per year (source: Approximate number of homes sold per year 2006-2011). 25% choose to get and act on a Home Energy Assessment Report. Assume 75 permits pulled per year for hot water heater, plumbing upgrades (source: El Cerrito permit statistics 2008) Program Assumptions Types of energy efficiency improvements that could be implemented by using permit incentives/ requirements to improve energy and water efficiency in existing residential units. Only energy savings computed here. Level 1: - Low flow toilets, showerheads and faucet aerators - Hot and cold water pipe insulation at least 5 feet from the water heater - Water pressure regulator in high water pressure districts Level 2: - Air sealing + R-30 roof/ceiling insulation ( if < R-13 existing roof/ceiling insulation) - Air sealing + R-19 raised floor insulation (if no existing raised floor insulation) - Furnace duct repair Level 3: - Voluntary Home Energy Assessment Report at time-of-sale Assume a therm savings of 3% from Level I measures from hot water savings. Energy and Water Goal Objective 3: Utilize existing points of interaction with the City to encourage and/or require cost-effective energy and water efficiency improvements ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 59 Program Assumptions 2020 2035 Amount of traditional fossil-fuel energy use that will be reduced for zero-net energy new construction (usually via combination of on-site energy generation and energy efficiency) 80% 80% Target % of residential zero-net energy new construction 10% 20% Target % of non-residential zero-net energy new construction 3% 10% Percent savings over comparable building for LEED rated residential and non-residential buildings 25% 40% Target % of LEED rated residential and non- residential 25% 50% Electricity Use Impact 2020 2035 Number of current housing units 11,040 11,740 Residential electricity use (kWh) 43,979,521 41,456,248 Annual electricity use per housing unit (kWh) 1,992 1,766 # of new residential units 700 1,400 Reduction in Residential new construction electricity use (kWh) 198,685 889,862 Number of businesses 545 707 Non-residential electricity use (kWh) 63,395,765 75,993,020 Annual electricity use per business (kWh) 116,365 107,456 # of new non-residential construction 75 150 Reduction in non-residential new construction electricity use (kWh) 754,919 4,513,160 Total (kWh) 953,604 5,403,022 Natural Gas Use Impact 2020 2035 Number of housing units 11,040 11,740 Residential natural gas use (therms) 5,259,264 5,647,242 Annual natural gas use per housing unit (therms) 238 241 # of new residential construction 700 1,400 Reduction in residential new construction natural gas use (therms) 23,760 121,218 Number of businesses 545 707 Non-residential natural gas use (therms) 1,038,913 1,348,604 Annual natural gas use per business (therms) 1,907 1,907 # of new non-residential construction 75 150 Reduction in Non-residential new construction natural gas use (therms) 12,371 22,884 Total (therms) 36,131 144,102 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 Electricity GHG emissions reduction (tons) 233 1,321 Natural gas GHG emissions reduction (tons) 211 11 Total (tons) 445 1,333 Residential Non- residential Due to urban infill nature of future multifamily and commercial development, target % of zero-net energy building is le of both new multi-family and commercial buildings by 2020 and 50% by 2035) envisioned by the 2007 strategic planning p determined for the commercial sector from various public workshops. Source: http://www.californiagreensolutions.com/c OR http://www.californiaenergyefficiency.com/docs/Appendices_final-ceesp_forserving_June.pdf 2) On average, LEED rated buildings' energy consumption is 25-30% lower than the national average. Source: ICLEI's CAPPA Frankel, Energy Performance of LEED for New Construction Buildings. March 2008. New Buildings Institute. Http:///wwwnewbuildings.org/downloads/Energy_Performance_of_LEED-NC_Buildings-Final_3-4-08b.pdf Only energy savings resulting from green building measures quantified here. Savings in embedded energy from green mate reduction goals and therefore not computed here. Number of units based on growth rate extrapolated from the 2007-2014 Regional Housing Needs Allocation in the curr Element From Home Energy Magazine, Rick Diamond, Oct 1995: Patterns of energy use in multifamily buildings are different fro houses. The average multifamily household uses less than half as much energy as the average single-family household--51 household compared to 111 MMBtu per single-family household (see Table When compared on a floor area basis, how are larger users--62,000 Btu/ft2 versus 51,000 Btu/ft2 for the single-family house. One reason for this is that the average fl apartment (800 ft2) is less than half the average floor area of a single-family house (1900 ft2). Energy and Water Goal, Objective 2.1: Encourage new construction to adopt national and/or regional green building, energy, and water performance standards Residential Non- residential ---PAGE BREAK--- 60 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Program Assumptions Table 1 2020 2035 Average # of solar PV systems installed per year 46 130 Projected # of solar PV systems installed during interim period 697 1,950 Average capacity of system installed on participating unit (kW) 3.8 3.8 Total capacity installed (kW) 2,650 7,410 2035 cumulative KW Installed 10,060 Average # of solar PV systems installed per year 3 4 Average capacity of system installed on participating unit (kW) 25 25 Projected # of solar PV systems installed 45 60 Total capacity installed (kW) 1,125 1,500 2035 cumulative KW Installed 2,625 Table 2 Peak sun hours in El Cerrito per year 1,716 Solar Derating Factor 33% Electricity Use Impact 2020 2035 Residential Clean electricity supply added (kWh) 3,045,461 11,562,404 Non- residential Clean electricity supply added (kWh) 1,293,058 3,017,136 Total 4,338,519 14,579,539 GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 Residential GHG emissions reduction (tons) 745 2,828 Non- residential GHG emissions reduction (tons) 316 738 Total 1,061 3,566 Source: California Energy Commission. Guide to Photovoltaic System Design and Installation. June 2001. Derating factor takes into consideration standard test condictions (0.95), temperature (0.89), dirt and dust (0.93), wiring losses and mismatch (0.95), and DC to AC conversion (0.90). In all, equates to 0.67 or 67%. http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2001-09- 04_500-01-020.PDF Energy and Water Goal 3, Objective 1: Facilitate greater adoption of renewable energy use Assume average annual growth rate 15% per year in number of solar systems installed (based on current growth rates of installation in El Cerrito). Annual average number is total number of systems installed between 2010 and 2020 and 2021 and 2035 divided by number of years. Source: GoSolarCalifornia. http://www.californiasolarstatistics.org/reports/locale_stats/. Downloaded spreadsheet with El Cerrito's solar PV installations. El Cerrito had a total of 64 solar installations between 2007 and 2010 (4 years), 14 in 2007, 11 in 2008, 18 in 2009, and 21 in 2010. Figures based on first confirmed reservation dates, and therefore these figures include pending and already installed systems. The average systems size is 3.84 kW (nameplate rating). Residential Source: GoSolarCalifornia. http://www.californiasolarstatistics.org/reports/locale_stats/. Downloaded spreadsheet with El Cerrito's solar PV installations. El Cerrito had a total of two non-residential (non-profit) solar installations, 24.84 kW and 55.125 kW, during 2008 and 2009 (first confirmed reservation date), respectively. Based on this information, assume less than 5 non-residential systems installed per year. Non- residential Based on San Francisco's sun hours = 4.7 average for year. Peak sunhours at 37.62 degrees N. latitude and 0 degree tilt. Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat Plate and Concentrating Collectors. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/5607.pdf ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 61 Program Assumptions 2011 2020 2035 Residents and people who work in El Cerrito 31,210 35,040 Total electricity consumption (GWH) 107 117 % market penetration of CCA in El Cerrito 80.0% 80.0% Electricity consumption of CCA participants (GWH) 86 94 Percent Growth for renewables for both PG&E and CCA from 2011 14% 46% Increment between PG&E and CCA Emissions Factors (MT/ GWH) 39 45 65 Assume 20% opt out rate of El Cerrito electricity accounts under a CCA program, based on existing opt-out rate for Marin Clean Energy. Using 2011 increment between PG&E's emissions factor (260.4 MT/GWH) and Marin Clean Energy's emissions factor (221.1 MT/GWH). Source: PG&E GHG Emissions Factor Information Sheet 4-10-12; Marin Clean Energy htt;://marincleanenergy.info/power-sources. Assume a 1.9% annual growth in renewables as part of energy portfolio for both CCA and PG&E. Based on current PGE progess of making 33% by 2020 as required by the RPS. PG&E's renewable portfolio was 19% in 2011. PG&E http://www pgecurrents com/2012/03/01/pge makes progress toward cleaner energy/ Energy and Water Goal Objective 2: Community Choice Aggregation GHG Emissions Impact 2020 2035 GHG emissions reduction (MT) 3,849 6,129 GHG emissions reduction (tons) 4,242 6,868 http://www.pgecurrents.com/2012/03/01/pge-makes-progress-toward-cleaner-energy/ ---PAGE BREAK--- 62 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN Appendix J Reductions in CO2e from Waste Reduction Waste Reduction Goal Reduce waste going to the landfill to 4000 tons by 2020 and 2000 tons by 2035 Program Assumptions: Tons of CO2e reduced from tons of landfilled waste diverted calculated using the U.S. EPA's Waste Reduction Model (WARM). Waste Stream 2005 tons garbage 2020 tons BAU 2020 Reduction Target 2035 tons BAU 2035 Reduction Target Food Scraps 2,227 2,392 718 1,674 70% 2,561 256 2,305 90% Yard Trimmings 5,900 6,337 1,584 4,753 75% 6,785 1,018 5,767 85% Mixed Paper 3,093 3,322 897 2,425 73% 3,557 356 3,202 90% Mixed MSW 3,558 3,822 879 2,943 77% 4,092 409 3,683 90% 14,779 15,873 4,078 11,795 74% 16,996 2,039 14,957 88% 2020 BAU projection assumes an increase in waste generation by 7.4% over 2005 Assume 74% diversion rate from 2020 BAU for 2020 goal 2035 BAU projection assumes an increase in waste generation by 15% over 2005 Assume an 88% diversion rate from 2035 BAU for 2035 goal EPA created the WARM to help solid waste planners and organizations track and voluntarily report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions from several different waste management practices. WARM is available on the EPA website at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html. WARM calculates and totals GHG emissions of baseline and alternative waste management practices—source reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, and landfilling. The model calculates emissions in metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE), metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2E), which was converted to U.S. tons CO2e for purposes of the El Cerrito CAP. 2020 Tons Landfilled Amount diverted from 2020 projection 2035 Tons Landfilled Amount diverted from 2035 projection Baseline Tons of Waste Landfilled Waste stream categories for input into the EPA WARM tool is different than the California Waste Characterization study. For purposes of quantying CO2e from waste, tonnage from California Waste Characterization study has been reclassified to best fit the waste categories in WARM. ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 63 GHG Emissions Analysis Summary Report Version 10 (10/09) GHG Emissions Waste Management Analysis for City of El Cerrito Prepared by: Maria Sanders Project Period for this Analysis: 01/01/20 to 12/31/20 Note: If you wish to save these results, rename this file WARM-MN1) and save it. Then the "Analysis Inputs" sheet of the "WARM" file will be blank when you are ready to make another model run. GHG Emissions from Baseline Waste Management (MTCO2E): 7,115 GHG Emissions from Alternative Waste Management Scenario (MTCO2E): 791 Commodity Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E Commodity Tons Source Reduced Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E Food Scraps NA 2,392.0 - - 1713 Food Scraps 0.0 NA 718.0 0.0 1701.4 174 Yard Trimmings NA 6,337.0 - - (1141) Yard Trimmings 0.0 NA 1584.0 0.0 3168.5 (919) Mixed Paper, Resid. - 3,322.0 - NA 778 Mixed Paper, Resid. NA 0.0 897.0 0.0 NA 210 Mixed MSW NA 3,822.0 - NA 5765 Mixed MSW NA NA 879.0 0.0 NA 1326 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Change in GHG Emissions: (6,324) MTCO2E This is equivalent to… a) For explanation of methodology, see the EPA report: Removing 1,158 Conserving 717,824 Conserving 2,635,013 Conserving 33 0.00034% 0.00026% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. electricity sector b) Emissions estimates provided by this model are intended to support voluntary GHG measurement and reporting initiatives. Note: a negative value a value in parentheses) indicates an emission reduction; a positive value indicates an emission increase. Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks (EPA530-R-06-004) available on the Internet at http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/fullreport.pdf (5.6 Mb PDF file). Passenger Cars from the Roadway Each Year Gallons of Gasoline Cylinders of Propane Used for Home Barbeques Railway Cars of Coal Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector ---PAGE BREAK--- 64 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN GHG Emissions Analysis Summary Report Version 10 (10/09) GHG Emissions Waste Management Analysis for City of El Cerrito Prepared by: Maria Sanders Project Period for this Analysis: 01/01/35 to 12/31/35 Note: If you wish to save these results, rename this file WARM-MN1) and save it. Then the "Analysis Inputs" sheet of the "WARM" file will be blank when you are ready to make another model run. GHG Emissions from Baseline Waste Management (MTCO2E): 7,682 GHG Emissions from Alternative Waste Management Scenario (MTCO2E): (715) Commodity Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E Commodity Tons Source Reduced Tons Recycled Tons Landfilled Tons Combusted Tons Composted Total MTCO2E Food Scraps NA 2,651.0 - - 1899 Food Scraps 0.0 NA 256.0 0.0 1988.3 (214) Yard Trimmings NA 6,785.0 - - (1222) Yard Trimmings 0.0 NA 1018.0 0.0 5088.8 (1201) Mixed Paper, Resid. - 3,557.2 - NA 833 Mixed Paper, Resid. NA 0.0 356.0 0.0 NA 83 Mixed MSW NA 4,092.0 - NA 6172 Mixed MSW NA NA 409.0 0.0 NA 617 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Change in GHG Emissions: (8,397) MTCO2E This is equivalent to… a) For explanation of methodology, see the EPA report: Removing 1,538 Conserving 953,148 Conserving 3,498,847 Conserving 44 0.00044% 0.00035% Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. electricity sector b) Emissions estimates provided by this model are intended to support voluntary GHG measurement and reporting initiatives. Note: a negative value a value in parentheses) indicates an emission reduction; a positive value indicates an emission increase. Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks (EPA530-R-06-004) available on the Internet at http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/fullreport.pdf (5.6 Mb PDF file). Passenger Cars from the Roadway Each Year Gallons of Gasoline Cylinders of Propane Used for Home Barbeques Railway Cars of Coal Annual CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 65 Appendix K Climate Action Survey Results City of El Cerrito Residential Climate Action Survey Below are the results of a voluntary survey of 452 individuals conducted March 2010 through December 2010. Responses were collected using a variety of means, including electronically through an on-line website and in hard copy form at City events. This was not a random sample survey. 1. Which of the following describes you? (If you are a business owner or are employed in El Cerrito and not a resident, please sign up to take our Business Survey when it becomes available at www.greenelcerrito.org.)  Resident of El Cerrito 97.2%  Owner of residential units in El Cerrito 5.6%  Other 2.8% 2. Do you rent or own your home (if resident of El Cerrito)?  Rent 20.3%  Own 79.7% 3. How far away from your home do you work? (answer only for yourself)  Median number of miles commuting to work (roundtrip) 15 miles  Average number of miles commuting to work (roundtrip) 19.7 miles 4. What is your usual method of transportation to and from work? (If you use more than one method, please indicate rough percentages of all that apply)  Car (by self) 55.9%  Carpool/ Ride Share 13.6%  BART 34.2%  Bus 11.0%  Bicycle 15.0%  Walk 10.7%  Work from Home 9.9%  Other 3.7%  Not Applicable 15.5% 5. What is your usual method of transportation while conducting errands? (If you use more than one method, please indicate rough percentages of all that apply)  Car 95.3%  BART 18.3%  Bus 6.1%  Bicycle 18.1%  Walk 46.9%  Other 3.1%  Not Applicable 1.4% 6. How often do you ride public transit (other than to commute)?  Every day 4.4%  Multiple times per week 14.3%  Once a week 14.3%  About once a month 33.5%  Every six months or so 24.7%  Never 8.8% ---PAGE BREAK--- 66 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN 7. From your home or office location in El Cerrito, approximately how long does it take to safely walk to purchase the majority of daily goods and services at such places as grocery stores, cafes, restaurants, post offices, gyms, hardware stores, etc.?  About 5 minutes 8.4%  About 10 minutes 18.8%  About 15 minutes 23.4%  More than 15 minutes 36.4%  It is not possible for me to walk to these types of places 13.0% 8. Which of the following would make you ride TRANSIT more often? (select all that apply)  Stops closer to home, work, shopping, and recreation 31.6%  Cleaner and safer system 17.7%  A free shuttle from/to BART 31.6%  More service and convenience 34.2%  More expensive gas and tolls 13.4%  Employer incentives to ride transit, like free bus passes or BART Tickets 17.1%  Nothing 12.0%  I already ride transit a lot 13.1% 9. Which of the following would make you ride a BICYCLE more often? (select all that apply)  Traffic calming measures 26.0%  More cycle storage facilities at transit stations 22.1%  More secure parking in retail areas and other destinations 28.6%  Safer bike lanes 38.1%  More bike lanes 39.2%  Route information 12.1%  Free Safety Classes 6.2%  I already ride my bicycle a lot 12.1%  Nothing 30.7% 10. Are you concerned about energy use in your home?  Yes 83.3%  No 16.7% 11. Which of the following statements are true in terms of what would motivate you to make energy efficiency improvements to your home? (select all that apply)  My home is cold, damp and drafty and/or I want to improve its comfort 34.4%  My furnace and/or hot water heater are old and need to be replaced soon 24.9%  I’d like to upgrade my appliances (refrigerator, dishwasher, washer and dryer) 31.8%  I’d like to do as much as I can afford to lower my carbon footprint 62.1%  My home energy costs are too high 27.7%  I am not that concerned about energy use in my home 13.0% 12. Which of the following energy efficiency improvements HAVE YOU DONE in your home to reduce your energy usage? (select all that apply)  Changed light bulbs to more energy efficient alternatives 90.3%  Installed and properly calibrated a programmable thermostat 50.7%  Conducted a professional home energy performance audit 10.0%  Air sealed and insulated attic 27.3%  Air sealed and insulated walls 17.0%  Air sealed and insulated floors 8.1% ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 67  Replaced major appliances with Energy Star Rated ones 52.4%  Installed tankless water heater 9.7%  Installed solar hot water heater 1.9%  Installed photovoltaic solar panels on the roof 5.8%  I rent and am unable to make significant energy improvements to my home 13.9% 13. Which of the following energy efficiency improvements are you INTERESTED IN DOING in your home to reduce your energy usage? (select all that apply)  Change light bulbs to more energy efficient alternatives 17.4%  Install and properly calibrate a programmable thermostat 17.1%  Conduct a professional home energy performance audit 26.8%  Air seal and insulate attic 28.7%  Air seal and insulate walls 30.2%  Air seal and insulate floors 28.0%  Replace major appliances with Energy Star Rated ones 31.4%  Install tankless water heater 34.1%  Install solar hot water heater 26.5%  Install Photovoltaic Solar Panels on the roof 43.3%  I rent and am unable to make significant energy improvements to my home 15.2% 14. Which of the following statements are true in terms of why you HAVE NOT YET PURSUED those energy efficiency improvements that you are interested in pursuing? (select all that apply)  I don’t have enough information to feel comfortable about making these improvements 19.3%  I don’t have enough time to make them a priority 19.9%  The upfront costs are too high 61.2%  It’s on my “To Do” list and I plan to complete at least one of these improvements within a year 29.4%  I rent and am unable to make significant energy improvements to my home 16.8% 15. In order to encourage greater adoption of residential energy efficiency and renewable energy generation, which policy mechanisms or programs would you support the City of El Cerrito pursuing? (select all that apply)  Providing access to a financing mechanism (a.k.a, Property Accessed Clean Energy or AB811 financing) whereby property owners can install solar and major energy efficiency improvements and repay those costs as a line item on their property tax bill, thereby allowing repayment of the improvement costs to stay fixed with the property rather than with the original homeowner (if the property changes hands before the loan is fully repaid). 74.6%  Public education on energy efficiency, its benefits, and appropriate rebates and incentives 55.9%  Requiring that home sellers provide at time-of-sale a certified home energy performance report identifying the energy performance of the residence and any work necessary to make the home more energy efficient, safe, and comfortable. 31.7%  Requiring that a residence have prescriptive energy efficiency improvements made at the time-of-sale or during major additions and remodels 25.7%  I would not support any of these policy mechanisms. 7.3% 16. To further reduce your waste generation, which of the following programs would be most beneficial for your household? (Select all that apply)  Once annual pickup of large recyclable items or quantities 57.2%  Curbside battery collection 50.9%  Weekly curb-side yard waste collection 37.6% ---PAGE BREAK--- 68 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN  Food scraps and other organics with curbside yard waste collection 53.5%  Smaller garbage bin size option to reduce your overall bill (e.g. 10 gallons weekly, half the size of the current smallest bin) 37.9%  More drop-off options at the El Cerrito Recycling Center for reusable items 48.0%  More drop-off options at the El Cerrito Recycling Center for hard-to-recycle items like fluorescent lights, medicines, and motor oil 62.4% 17. Many cities have instituted bans on certain types of packaging (such as plastic grocery bags and Styrofoam take-out containers) in order to reduce litter and storm drain contamination. Would you support El Cerrito in instituting such bans?  Yes 73.5%  No 11.0%  Don't Know 15.5% 18. “Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are changing the earth’s climate and pose a serious threat to our economic well-being, public health, and the environment.”  Strongly agree 74.4%  Somewhat agree 16.9%  Somewhat disagree 2.7%  Strongly disagree 2.7%  Don’t know 3.2% 19. “Because the effects of climate change are being felt now and are projected to increase in severity by 2050 given our current emissions, the need to take action to reduce greenhouse gases is urgent.”  Strongly agree 74.4%  Somewhat agree 16.7%  Somewhat disagree 2.7%  Strongly disagree 3.2%  Don’t know 3.0% 20. “Local governments such as El Cerrito have an obligation to help California meet the State’s mandated greenhouse gas reduction target of 30% below 1990 levels by 2020.”  Strongly agree 71.3%  Somewhat agree 18.3%  Somewhat disagree 4.0%  Strongly disagree 3.3%  Don’t know 3.3% ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 69 Appendix L Public Workshop Notes Workshop Notes El Cerrito Climate Action Plan Workshop #1 Tuesday, October 26, 2010, 5:00 p.m. El Cerrito City Hall (City Council Chambers) 10890 San Pablo Avenue Workshop Presenters:  Melanie Mintz, Environmental Services Division Manager, City of El Cerrito  Maria Sanders, Environmental Analyst, City of El Cerrito  Ariel Ambruster, Facilitator, Center for Collaborative Policy 1. Meeting Overview and Participant Introductions Ariel Ambruster gave an overview of the meeting agenda and ground rules. Meeting participants introduced themselves and briefly discussed their interest in the Climate Action Plan. 2. Presentation on El Cerrito’s Climate Action Planning Process Maria Sanders presented an introduction to the context, purpose and organization of El Cerrito’s Climate Action Plan (CAP). Please refer to CAPWorkshop#1.ppt for more on the contents of the presentation, including an overview of El Cerrito’s 2005 greenhouse gas emissions inventory and examples of potential emission reduction strategies. 3. Possible Climate Action Strategies Worksheet Meeting participants were given a worksheet to fill out individually, soliciting their comments on the following questions: i. Of the strategies mentioned in today’s presentation, please answer the following: o Which ones do you think would have the greatest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions? o Which ones would you support the City pursuing? o Which ones would you not support? ii. A number of possible policies, ordinances, programs, or projects that could help El Cerrito reduce its carbon footprint were discussed today. What additional ideas do you have as options the City could pursue? iii. Many of the City’s climate action strategies will rely on voluntary participation by members of the community in order to be successful. What types of things could the City do to encourage greater participation by the community in the following activities? o Commuting to work car-free walk, bike, or take public transit to work) more often o Making energy efficiency or clean energy improvements to homes and businesses o Reducing garbage going to the landfill 4. Large Group Discussion Participants made the following comments: i. Transportation Strategies: ---PAGE BREAK--- 70 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN  Encourage more biking and walking, link bike stations and more car share services with BART stations  A chair lift for overcoming El Cerrito’s steep hills?  Organize a casual carpool to BART for people living in the hills who would drive to and park at BART  More secure bike parking (bike valet?) at BART and elsewhere. No one who wants to bike should have to worry about finding a safe place to park their bike.  Bike Boulevards like in Berkeley ii. Energy Strategies:  Need to overcome barrier of high upfront costs in retrofitting homes. A Property Assessed Clean Energy Program could help by amortizing costs. But we need to focus on identifying and going after the low-payback measures.  City should think about whether there really is a true reduction from the solar permit fee waiver. Permit fees should be reasonable, but waiving permit fee altogether may not have a very big impact.  The real savings will come from conservation and efficiency measures. Bring all the program resources out there together to help people retrofit their homes.  Energy efficiency is a good local business opportunity.  When it comes to residential natural gas savings, an ordinance is the way to go.  By tying residential energy savings to a Time-of Sale ordinance, there’s a disincentive for home owners to act early on and get cost savings from improvements. Should link any ordinance to home owners cost savings.  Streamline or otherwise create incentives for permits on energy efficiency improvements.  In favor of some type of energy conservation ordinance in order to get at a baseline of energy savings.  Take advantage of weatherization programs for low-income homes.  Not in favor of a Time-Of-Sale energy conservation ordinance. But home owners should have access to a measurable, detailed road map for what energy efficiency improvements they can make. Give homeowners an incentive for getting a whole house, blower door energy audit.  Reduce building permit fees for energy efficiency improvements.  Recognition program for homes with significant energy reductions.  Work with local realtors to have a new home owner welcome basket with information in it about El Cerrito conservation programs, coupons for a home energy audit, etc.  Require energy efficiency improvements at the time that the home is being renovated for other work. EG, ceiling insulation at the time new roof is put in.  Green home recognition program. iii. Other Strategies:  Encourage businesses to join the County Green Business Program, maybe through outreach via the City’s Environmental Quality Committee and lower business license fees.  Contest to make art out of waste diverted.  Encourage people to shop green and local.  Organize neighborhood Green Teams to help people embrace conservation. Use the power of peer pressure.  Use social networking media to get comments about the Climate Action Plan on-line.  Work on messaging in order to make a global problem more understandable 5. Wrap-UP & Next Steps • Next meetings will cover Land Use/Transportation and Energy Efficiency Strategies in more depth. They will take place on Saturday, Nov 13, 10 am -12 pm and Thursday, Dec 2, 7pm to 9 pm ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 71 Workshop Notes El Cerrito Climate Action Plan Workshop #2 Saturday, November 13, 2010, 10:00 p.m. El Cerrito City Hall (City Council Chambers) 10890 San Pablo Avenue Workshop Presenters:  Melanie Mintz, Environmental Services Division Manager, City of El Cerrito  Maria Sanders, Environmental Analyst, City of El Cerrito  Ariel Ambruster, Facilitator, Center for Collaborative Policy 1. Meeting Overview and Participant Introductions Ariel Ambruster gave an overview of the meeting agenda and ground rules. Meeting participants introduced themselves and briefly discussed their interest in the Climate Action Plan. 2. Presentation on El Cerrito’s Climate Action Planning Process Maria Sanders presented information on El Cerrito’s Climate Action Plan (CAP), greenhouse gas emissions inventory, and land use/ transportation strategies to reduce vehicle miles travelled. She challenged participants to think about strategies that would create a 15% reduction in transportation emissions due to activities in El Cerrito. This would equal 1,000 less car miles per person per year, or just 19 miles per week per person. Please refer to CAPWorkshop#2.ppt for more on the contents of the presentation. 3. Land Use and Transportation Strategies Small Group Discussion Meeting participants were given a worksheet to fill out individually, soliciting their comments on the following questions and then asked to discuss their responses in small groups:  What are the barriers to you personally being able to drive fewer miles?  Are any of these barriers ones that the City of El Cerrito could help remove? If so, what could the City do to make it easier for you and/or other community members to use other transportation alternatives (e.g. biking, walking, transit)?  Many “vehicle trip reduction” strategies will rely on voluntary participation by members of the community in order to be successful. What types of things could the City do to encourage greater participation by the community in the following activities?  Commuting to work or school car-free walk, bike, or take public transit) or by carpool more often  Walking and biking to do personal errands or go to recreational opportunities more often  A number of possible policies, ordinances, programs, or projects that could help El Cerrito reduce its carbon footprint were discussed today. What additional ideas do you have for options the City could pursue? (Ideas that don’t necessarily affect transportation-related emissions are also welcome). 4. Group Reports and Large Group Discussion Participants reported back to the larger group on their small group discussions: i. Group 1:  Main barrier is time and hills. ---PAGE BREAK--- 72 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN  Encourage bicycling with safer bike routes, like Bicycle Boulevards  More bike racks on buses.  A chair lift or something to get bikes and walkers up the hills  Free shuttle like Emeryville  Improve the Ohlone Greenway – make it more social with more points of activity, like coffee carts and more dog parks  Incentivize bus travel for those who don’t know public transportation. A new rider starter-kit with maps and complementary tickets.  More education: Empower people with the details that would help them reduce trips, like what would the results be if you boosted your car mpg by 10 extra miles. ii. Group 2:  Time pressures and safety issues are the main barriers.  There is no silver bullet to reducing car travel. The little things matter and build up into something significant. It’s like a bunch of silver bb’s.  People are going to walk more if the way is interesting and safe.  Create network of walkpools (like carpools)  Ohlone Greenway not as pleasant a walk because BART is so noisy. Create a “Squeaky Wheel Coalition” to pressure BART to regrind their wheels.  Del Norte BART Station area needs to be more safe in order to encourage walking in the north part of town.  Sponsor a walking contest. Use credits, incentives. A treasure hunt.  New homeowner welcome packet, including transit and energy efficiency information.  Work with 511.org to publicize their programs.  Clean fuels for corporate fleets like biodiesel school buses, garbage trucks  Expose people to the different vehicle technologies out there with an alternative vehicle car share program. iii. Other Ideas  People feel powerless and guilty about their driving habits. Help them figure out as broad a set of options so they can figure out what will work for them.  Reducing vehicle miles should be the theme of the next Earth Day  Incentives for higher fuel efficient cars, like a sales tax reduction  Provide fueling infrastructure and parking spots for alternative fuel vehicles.  How can City support carbon offsets? Set up a voluntary community offset fund.  Issue a carbon reduction challenge. Go to civic groups to see if they are interested in doing a challenge. Maybe a friendly competition between groups, neighbors? 5. Wrap-UP & Next Steps  Final workshop will cover Energy Efficiency Strategies in more depth. It will take place on Thursday, Dec 2, 7pm to 9 pm ---PAGE BREAK--- VOLUME 2 - Appendices 73 Workshop Notes El Cerrito Climate Action Plan Workshop Reducing Energy Use Thursday, December 2, 2010, 7:00 p.m. El Cerrito City Hall (City Council Chambers) 10890 San Pablo Avenue Workshop Presenters:  Melanie Mintz, Environmental Services Division Manager, City of El Cerrito  Maria Sanders, Environmental Analyst, City of El Cerrito  Ariel Ambruster, Facilitator, Center for Collaborative Policy 1. Meeting Overview and Participant Introductions The purpose of this meeting is to gather community input on possible Climate Action Plan strategies for reducing residential and commercial energy use. Ariel Ambruster gave an overview of the meeting agenda and ground rules. Meeting participants introduced themselves and briefly discussed their interest in the Climate Action Plan. 2. Presentation on El Cerrito’s Climate Action Planning Process Maria Sanders presented information on El Cerrito’s Climate Action Plan (CAP), greenhouse gas emissions inventory, and strategies to reduce energy use in the residential and commercial sectors. She challenged participants to think about strategies that would create a 15% reduction in emissions from energy use in El Cerrito. Please refer to the CAPWorkshops presentation for more on the contents of the presentation. 3. Reducing Energy Use Small Group Discussion Meeting participants were given a worksheet to fill out individually, soliciting their comments on the following questions and then asked to discuss their responses in small groups:  What energy reduction strategies do you support?  What energy strategies do you not support?  Public education and incentive programs are unlikely to produce enough energy savings to achieve the AB 32 goals. How can the City overcome this barrier?  A number of possible policies, ordinances, programs, or projects that could help El Cerrito reduce its carbon footprint were discussed today. What additional ideas do you have for options the City could pursue? (Ideas that don’t necessarily affect energy-related emissions are also welcome). 4. Group Reports and Large Group Discussion Participants reported back to the larger group on their small group discussions: i. Group 1:  Pursue energy reduction incentives  Provide information and feedback; Use energy consumption data so that people within one neighborhood can compare their energy use to others in their neighborhood.  Present information in a compelling way.  How can smart meters help?  Encourage solar installations with a Property Assessed (PACE) Financing mechanism.  Work with commercial building owners to harness their sites for solar energy production. ---PAGE BREAK--- 74 CITY OF EL CERRITO I DRAFT CLIMATE ACTION PLAN  Pool community demand for energy efficiency and solar installations to create economies of scale.  More LED streetlights.  Get people out enjoying their community spaces more so that they don’t stay home using a lot of electronic gadgets. ii. Group 2:  Homeowners need capital to make energy efficiency improvements. Get grants to provide incentive funds.  Support Property Assessed Clean Energy Financing (PACE) to provide an easy way to borrow money for energy efficiency and solar work in existing buildings.  Investigate other lending strategies – donation program, peer-to-peer, revolving loan fund provided by the city? Energy savings would provide the return on investment.  An Energy Conservation Ordinance at the time-of-sale for a property would be interesting. But is the sales turn-over rate high enough to yield the type of savings that we need?  Time-of-sale energy conservation ordinance would be one of the only ways to get energy efficiency improvements in rental units.  Are there residential models where energy conservation service companies finance improvements through the energy savings?  Get a surcharge on energy use to finance energy efficiency improvements.  Devise a rewards program for those who reduce energy.  Educate at the permit counter.  Require higher energy efficiency standards for new construction or remodels.  Encourage more multi-family housing development. Multi-family housing is inherently more efficient.  New homeowner welcome packet, including energy efficiency information. iii. Large Group Discussion  Need to find money to incentivize people to make improvements with existing buildings.  Prioritize bang for the buck when it comes to grant funds. Concentrate on educating the people in between the “early adopters” and the folks who won’t change.  Confront people with the real outcomes of their choices.  Ordinance for a Time-of-Sale energy audit. Realtors could use the information to sell a house. Reports should give people vivid information about their potential home.  Have a contest challenging cities along San Pablo Avenue to see who can get the most energy savings. ---PAGE BREAK--- • Page intentionally blank ---PAGE BREAK--- Prepared by City of El Cerrito 10890 San Pablo Avenue El Cerrito, CA 94530