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Government & Education I Economics & Public Finance I Health & Human Services I Nonprofits & Communities Recent Criminal Justice Studies and Relevancy to Cortland County Paul A. Bishop, MPA ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org About CGR 2 CGR was founded in 1915, and is an independent, nonprofit management consulting organization delivering expertise in government and education, economics and public finance, health and human services, and nonprofits and communities. Mission: to improve the quality of communities through impactful research, analysis, consultation and data management for the public, nonprofits and philanthropic organizations that serve them. ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Relevant Projects 3 Tompkins County, NY (2017) Criminal Justice and Jail Population Trend Needs Assessment Evaluation of: • programs, policies and practices affecting the jail and inmate population • trends in jail population, length of stay, boarding in/out, use of ATI • future jail population projections under various scenarios and assumptions Oswego County, NY (in progress) Public Safety Services: Evaluating Existing Services and Recommending Improvements ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Additional Law Enforcement Evaluations 4 Orleans County, NY (2016) Reimagining Law Enforcement in Orleans County Jamestown, NY (2015) Impacts of a City Police Department and County Sheriff Shared Service East Goshen, Westtown and West Goshen, PA (2014) Review of Law Enforcement Operations Village of Dryden, NY (2013) Dryden Police Services Restructuring Ontario County, NY (2004) Alternatives to Incarceration Analysis Steuben County, NY (2005) Alternatives to Incarceration Analysis Chemung County, NY (2005) Criminal & Juvenile Justice Svc Assessment Tompkins County, NY (2016) Law Enforcement Shared Services ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Population of Cortland County 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Peer County Demographics 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Adult Arrests 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Adult Arrests 8 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Jail Population per 10,000 Residents 9 * * * * * * * * * * * * * ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Change in Incarcerated per 10,000 10 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Inmate Census 11 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Inmate Census 12 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Index Crimes 13 Violent Crimes (L1):Murder, Rape, Robbery, Aggravated Assault Property Crimes (L2): Burglary, Larceny, Motor Vehicle Theft Larceny has been the most frequently reported Property and Index Crime. In 2016 Larceny was 79% of Property and 75% of all Index Crimes reported. 116 112 106 65 74 64 51 49 51 43 1169 [PHONE REDACTED] 1030 1041 1013 1032 700 777 0 200 400 [PHONE REDACTED] 1200 1400 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Cortland County Index Crimes, 2007-2016 Violent (Level 1) Property (Level 2) ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Index Crimes 14 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Felony Drug Arrests 15 39% of the increase in Cortland County Felony Arrests from 2007-2016 is attributed to the increase in Felony Drug Arrests ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Felony Drug Arrests 16 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Probation Statistics 17 242 192 223 171 173 209 258 192 213 227 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 2007200820092010201120122013201420152016 Number Sentenced Cortland Probation Sentencing, 2007-2016 8% 14% 9% 9% 16% 12% 14% 13% 11% 14% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 2007200820092010201120122013201420152016 % Arrested % of Probationers Arrested*, 2007-2016 Includes Felonies and Misdemeanors *Probationers who were arrested for any felony offense within 1 year ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Opioid Data 18 Heroin 260 Any opioid (incl. heroin) 326 Outpatient ED (2016) Deaths (2015) Heroin overdoses 31 4 Opioid pain relievers 12 4 All opioid overdoses 43 8 Overdoses Cortland County Opioid Information Admissions to Chemical Dependence Treatment Programs (2016) Source: NYSDOH ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Criminal Justice System Changes • Raise the Age • Counsel at First Appearance • Misdemeanor and Non-Violent Felony Bail Reform • Improving Access to Speedy Trial • Expanding Discovery Process • Changes to “Re-Entry” Process • Civil Forfeiture Asset Modifications 19 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Focus of the Tompkins County Jail Assessment • Overview of criminal justice practices in place in Tompkins County • Particular focus on the jail census impact • Analysis of existing Alternatives to Incarceration programs • Examination of jail census and admissions trends • Identification of opportunities for enhancing existing programs and implementing new practices to reduce future jail population • Assess the likely impact of various scenarios and recommendations • Full Report at: 20 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Project Methodology • Interviews with more than 125 individuals from a wide range of backgrounds and perspectives • Review of relevant legislation and regulations, and best practices in place in other communities • Review of prior jail studies and other relevant reports • Detailed quantitative analysis of jail and probation/ATI data • Findings and recommendations based on totality of the assessment 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins County Jail Average Census 2000 through 2016 22 66 82 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Average Census Classification Capacity Licensed Capacity ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Findings • Despite an array of programs and services, much more can still be done to reduce the jail population • The jail serves as a de facto detox program, but is not equipped to do so • Many inmates with substance use disorders are not assessed and referred to treatment unless prompted by a judge • Many beds are occupied by inmates awaiting bail or pre-trial release • Opportunities exist to expand the use of ATIs • Improvements can be made to strengthen the criminal justice system and reduce the jail population 23 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Findings and Opportunities • CGR projects that average daily jail census will decline between now and 2040 based on the changing population in Tompkins County • Tompkins has opportunities to reduce jail bed days beyond those demographic driven declines 24 Strategy/Opportunity Average Beds Saved per Night Expanded substance abuse assessments and expedited access to residential rehab treatment 5 Increased Pre-Trial Release impact 6 Expanded use of Electronic Monitoring 10 Misdemeanor Drug Court expansion 5 Creation of medical detox apart from current jail 8 Total projected impact of beds saved per night every year 34 beds Total beds saved after applying 15% correction factor 29 beds ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Anticipated Jail Census • Tompkins does not need to build a new jail or expand the number of beds in the existing jail • CGR estimates that, if recommendations are fully implemented, the census would be between 46 and 54 inmates on average by 2020, lower in subsequent years • This average census would fall well below the 82 bed official capacity of the jail and bed levels needed for classification restrictions and occasional peak spikes (15% higher than average census) • This would avoid the need to board inmates out to other counties except in rare circumstances 25 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Projected Future Jail Census and Capacity 26 89 73 50 49 48 47 46 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Pre-August 2016 August 2016 - May 2017 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Average Census Peak Factor Licensed Capacity Classification Capacity ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Key Recommendations Expand substance abuse assessments and expedite access to residential treatment Increase the impact of pre-trial release Expand the use of electronic monitoring Expand the use of misdemeanor drug court Support the creation of a non-jail medical detox center 27 • Tompkins should begin implementing several inmate- reduction strategies within a year ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Additional Recommendations Probation • Re-assess the Pre-Sentence Investigations process • Consider expanding Day Reporting • Consider expanding Service Work Alternative Program Re-Entry • Restructure and refocus existing re- entry programs • Monitor and potentially expand transitional housing support initiative Law Enforcement • Develop and implement Law Enforcement Alternative Diversion concept Advocacy • Advocate with NYS to reduce number of parole violators in County jail • Advocate for third county judge to expedite case processing 28 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins Criminal Justice System Recommendations Commit to the presumption of non- financial release Challenge all elements of judicial system to increase comfort with ATIs Limit use of jail as sanction for probation or drug court violations Improve data integrations between jail, probation, courts, and the DA • Strengthen program evaluation efforts 29 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Recommendations to the Tompkins Community • Continue to address systemic issues such as racism, affordable housing, transportation, employment, and poverty • Broad commitment to culturally sensitive practices is needed • Find ways to apply restorative justice practices in the criminal justice system 30 ---PAGE BREAK--- www.cgr.org Tompkins - Financial Investments Are Needed • New staff likely needed to implement all recommendations • Appoint a single person to oversee process of implementing recommendations; 12- to 18- month appointment • A new full-time nurse in the jail to better meet inmate needs • Potentially a new Assistant District Attorney to help expedite cases • Additional Correction Officers if a secure detox unit is created • Mental Health staff to deliver more services to jail inmates • Additional potential staffing needs would be determined based on pilot testing of recommended actions 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- Questions and Comments? Paul Bishop [EMAIL REDACTED]