Document Columbiacountyga_doc_22a457ac04_1

COLUMBIA COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS Columbia County Engineering Services Division Road Construction Department (706) 447-7600 Revised: January 2023 ---PAGE BREAK--- PREFACE COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS: ALL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION WITHIN RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND/OR EASEMENTS OWNED BY COLUMBIA COUNTY, OR TO BE DEDICATED TO COLUMBIA COUNTY AT ANY POINT IN THE FUTURE, SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LATEST EDITION OF THE FOLLOWING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS, UNLESS OTHERWISE APPROVED BY THE COUNTY ENGINEER. ROADWAY INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION: • Subdivision Roads – Construction standards and specifications shall be in accordance with Columbia County Engineering Division Construction Standard Specifications and Details. Construction standards and specifications not addressed herein shall be in accordance with respective GDOT/AASHTO/MUTCD guidelines. • Non-Subdivision Roads – Construction standard specifications and details shall be in accordance with respective GDOT/AASHTO/MUTCD guidelines. WATER UTILITY INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION: • Construction standards and specifications shall be in accordance with the Columbia County Water Utility Construction Standards and Specifications. SUPPLEMENTAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION RESOURCES: • Columbia County Board of Commissioners (CCBOC) o CCBOE Code of Ordinances o CCBOC Design Supplement A Pavement System Design Requirements o CCBOC Driveway Encroachment Policy Manual o CCBOC Projects Access Improvements Manual o CCBOE Stormwater Supplement o CCBOE Utility Accommodation Standards, Policies and Procedures Manual o CCBOE Work Zone Traffic Control Procedure • Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) o GDOT Construction Standards and Details o GDOT Regulations for Driveway and Encroachment Control o GDOT Standard Specifications Construction of Transportation Systems • American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) o AASHTO A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets o AASHTO Roadside Design Guide o AASHTO Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) • Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS Table of Contents Specifications I 1.0 General 5 2.0 Clearing and Grubbing 8 2.1 General 8 3.0 Roadway Excavation and Embankment 10 4.0 Construction of Sub-Base 16 5.0 Construction of base course 19 6.0 bituminous prime Coat and/or tack coat 22 7.0 asphalt courses 24 8.0 Concrete ConstructIon 29 9.0 Construction of Concrete Curb and Gutter 37 10.0 Concrete Sidewalks and Driveways 41 11.0 Sonstruction of Storm Drain Pipe System 45 12.0 Construction of Stormwater Drainage Structures and Stormwater Management Facilities 55 13.0 Erosion and Sediment Control 57 14.0 Fencing 58 Details II Roadway Details 1-1 Pavement Cross Section 60 1-2 Pavement Widening 61 1-2.1 Pavement Widening Chart 62 1-3 Typical Cul-De-Sac 63 1-4 Offset Cul-De-Sac 64 1-5 Knuckle Cul-De-Sac 65 1-6 Bubble Cul-De-Sac 66 1-7 Typical Trench Excavation Roadway 67 1-8 Typical Trench Excavation Non-Roadway 68 1-9 Pavement Cut Repair Method #1 (Preferred) 69 1-10 Pavement Cut Repair Method #2 70 1-11 Underdrain behind Curb and Gutter 71 7-1 Overlay Pavement Tie-In 72 9-1 Concrete Curb and Gutter 73 10-1 Concrete Sidewalk 74 10-2 Bituminous Shared Use Path 75 Stormwater Details 16-1 Private Driveway Culvert 76 16-2 Weep Holes 77 16-3 Storm Manhole Frame and Cover 78 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 16-4 Catch Basin Step 79 16-4.1 Precast Catch Basin Step 80 17-1 Stormwater Management Facility Fencing 81 17-1.1 Stormwater Management Facility Fencing 82 17-1.2 Stormwater Management Facility Fencing 83 Traffic Details T-1 Traffic Control Devices Standard Locations 84 T-2 Traffic Control Devices Standard Locations 85 T-3 Minimum Design Elements of Left Turn Lanes (Symmetrical) 86 T-4 Minimum Design Elements of Left Turn Lanes (Asymmetrical) 87 T-5 Minimum Design Elements of Deceleration Lanes 88 T-6 Raised Crosswalk 89 T-7 Speed Hump 90 T-8 Roundabout Signage 91 T-9 Residential Street Utility Section (6 Ft Planter Strip) 92 T-10 Residential Street Utility Section (2 Ft Planter Strip) 93 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS SPECIFICATIONS ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 1.0 GENERAL 1.1 Applicability 1.1.1 Construction of Public Works by Private Parties under Contract with Columbia County It is the intention of these specifications that all work done by the contractor under contract with Columbia County, as owner, be done in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 1.1.2 Construction of Public Works by Private Parties to be Dedicated to Columbia County It is the intention of these specifications that all work done by the contractor for private parties, which is intended to be dedicated to Columbia County, either immediately or at any time in the future, shall be done in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 1.2 Responsibility 1.2.1 General The presence or absence of the County Engineer on the site does not relieve the Contractor from performing all work in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 1.2.2 Permits, Fees, and Legal Requirements The Contractor is responsible for obtaining all permits, paying all fees, and complying with all local, state, and federal regulations. 1.3 Control of Work The term “County Engineer” as used in these specifications refers to the County Engineer of Columbia County, Georgia. County Staff Project Engineers/Inspectors assigned to the work by the County Engineer are authorized to perform such duties as deemed necessary in representing the County Engineer. All work on the project shall be performed in an orderly and logical sequence to produce the highest quality product. If, in the opinion of the County Engineer, the work is performed in an unsatisfactory sequence that may cause long term detrimental consequences to the project, the County Engineer has the authority to direct the work sequence be performed in the most satisfactory way. The County Engineer has the authority to suspend the work, in whole or in part, and to revoke the Land Disturbance Permit for the project for failure to carry out the provisions of the Project Documents, for failure to perform work in reasonably close conformance with the Project Documents, for failure to correct unsafe conditions for 1.0 GENERAL 5 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS workers or the general public, and for any reason or condition that is in the best interest of the County. 1.4 Project Documents Precedence All Project Documents including the Special Provisions, Plans, Supplemental Specifications, Standard Drawings, Standard Specifications, and any supplemental documents that are part of the Contract shall be followed in strict accordance. If any discrepancy should arise, the order of precedence is as follows: 1) Special Provisions 2) Plans 3) Supplemental Specifications 4) Standard Drawings 5) Standard Specifications 1.5 Ambiguities In the case of ambiguous Project Documents or typographical errors, the County Engineer shall provide the interpretations or application of the specification in question. 1.6 Waivers The County Engineer may waiver in writing whatever sections of the Project Documents as are appropriate to meet existing field conditions. 1.7 References Mention of any referenced Project Document or other publication refers to the current edition of that document or its replacement. 1.8 Damages Any existing materials, property, structure or other item damaged by the Contractor shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the County Engineer and in accordance with the applicable section of the Project Documents. The cost for all such repairs shall be paid for by the Contractor. 1.9 Material Testing Unless specified otherwise, the Contractor shall perform Quality Control (QC) material testing. QC material testing shall be performed at the Contractor’s expense. Any work that fails to meet the requirements of the Project Documents shall be retested at the Contractor’s expense. All QC test reports shall be submitted to the County Engineer on a weekly basis for approval; in no case shall the time frame between submission of reports exceed 7 calendar days. Columbia County reserves the right to perform Quality Assurance (QA) material testing at its own expense when deemed necessary by the County Engineer. 1.0 GENERAL 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 1.10 Notification For all phases of work requiring approval, the Contractor must notify the County Engineer at least two working days before the inspection is necessary. 1.0 GENERAL 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 2.0 CLEARING AND GRUBBING 2.1 General 2.1.1 Description The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all labor, equipment, materials, and appurtenances in performing the removal and disposal of all trees, brush, stumps, logs, grass, weeds, roots, decayed vegetable matter, rock debris, posts, fences, stubs, rubbish, and all other objectionable matter resting on or protruding through the original ground surface and occurring within the construction limits, easement or right of way. The work shall be performed in strict accordance with Project Documents. 2.1.2 Preservation This work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all vegetation and objects outside the limits of clearing as shown on the plans or designated to remain. 2.1.3 Erosion Control The Erosion and Sedimentation Control plan shall be approved and implemented prior to clearing and grubbing operations. 2.1.4 Permits The contractor shall obtain all necessary permits, licenses and other authorization from the appropriate authorities before any construction may begin. 2.2 Construction 2.2.1 Clearing 2.2.1.1 Clearing shall consist of the felling, cutting or trimming of trees, vegetation and other objectionable material and the satisfactory disposal of cleared material from the site as indicated on the drawings or as directed by the County Engineer together with the down timber, snags, brush, and rubbish occurring within the areas to be cleared. 2.2.1.2 Clearing also includes the removal and proper disposal of all obstructions not to be retained, such as fences, bridges, buildings, and other incidental material aforementioned. 2.2.1.3 Clearing operations shall be conducted so as to prevent damage to trees left standing, to existing structures and installations, and to any items designated to remain in place. 2.0 CLEARING AND GRUBBING 8 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 2.2.2 Grubbing 2.2.2.1 Grubbing shall consist of the removal from the construction limits, easement or right-of-way and proper disposal of all objectionable material which is embedded in the underlying soil. 2.2.2.2 Within the grading limits, stumps, roots, logs, or other timber, matted roots and other objectionable material shall be removed to a minimum depth of 18 inches or as directed by the County Engineer. 2.2.2.3 All depressions excavated below the original ground surface for or by the removal of stumps and roots, shall be refilled with suitable clean material as indicated on the plans or as directed by the County Engineer and compacted to make the surface conform to the surrounding ground surface. 2.3 Disposal of Materials 2.3.1 Compliance The Contractor shall dispose of all waste materials at his expense and in accordance with all local, state, and federal regulations. 2.3.2 Salvageable Material Saw logs, pulpwood, cord wood, or other merchantable timber removed in the above operations shall become the property of the contractor and may be sold by him provided such disposal is otherwise in accordance with these specifications and is not noted otherwise in the Project Documents. 2.3.3 Non-Salvageable Material All non-salvageable material shall be removed and disposed of at a location approved by the County Engineer. 2.0 CLEARING AND GRUBBING 9 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 3.1 General 3.1.1 Description Roadway excavation and embankment shall consist of the excavation, hauling and satisfactory placement or disposal of all materials from within the limits of construction, easement or right-of-way including designated borrow areas, in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 3.1.2 Conformity All work shall be in conformity with the Project Documents or as directed by the County Engineer. 3.2 Excavation 3.2.1 Unclassified Excavation 3.2.1.1 The term excavation used hereinafter is defined as “unclassified excavation.” Excavation of every description regardless of material encountered within the grading limits of the project, shall be performed in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 3.2.1.2 Rock is considered unclassified excavation and shall be excavated to a depth of 18-inch minimum below the subgrade. 3.2.2 Unsuitable Material All unsuitable material encountered within the limits of the work shall be excavated below the grade shown and backfilled with suitable material, properly compacted in accordance with Section 3.3.1.2. Such suitable material shall conform to Georgia Department of Transportation Specification 812. Backfill materials, Type I or Type II, shall be devoid of weeds, underbrush, roots, wood, trash of all description, and other foreign materials. 3.3 Embankment 3.3.1 Compaction 3.3.1.1 Embankment shall be placed in uniform, horizontal layers no greater than 8 inches loose, and shall be compacted by mechanical means. 3.3.1.2 Each layer of embankment shall be uniformly compacted to at least 95% of maximum dry density to within 12 inches of the top of the embankment. The top 12 inches shall be compacted to 100% maximum dry density. Compaction shall be based upon the standard proctor method per ASTM D698, or as directed by the County Engineer. 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 10 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 3.4 Cement Stabilized Sub-Grade 3.4.1 Description This work consists of construction of one or more courses of a mixture of soil, cement, and water as indicated in the Project Documents, and in conformity with the lines, grades, thickness, and typical cross sections shown on the plans for the purpose of stabilizing existing soil properties. 3.4.2 Materials 3.4.2.1 Cement shall be Type I or Type I/II meeting the requirements of ASTM C 150. The source of the cement shall recognized by GDOT QPL and approved in advance of stabilization operations in order that Standard Proctor tests can be completed. The source of cement shall be submitted to the County Engineer for approval, prior to use. Cement shall be stored and handled in closed weatherproof containers until immediately before distribution. Cement exposed to moisture prior to mixing with soils shall be discarded. 3.4.2.2 Water used for mixing or curing shall be reasonably clean and free of oil, salt acid, alkali, sugar, vegetable, or other substances injurious to the finished product. 3.4.2.3 Soil for this work consists of materials on the site or selected materials from other sources and shall be uniform in quality and gradation, and shall be approved by the County Engineer. The soil shall be free of roots, sod, weeds, and stones larger than 1 ½ inches. 3.4.3 Composition The amount of cement to use, and the application procedure depends on the soil classification and should be established to achieve a 300 psi unconfined compressive strength in a sample test. The amount and procedure should not produce an unconfined compressive strength of greater than 450 psi to avoid the sub-base behaving as a rigid pavement, as this may negatively affect the performance of the asphalt pavement layers. The percent of cement and application procedure should be determined through appropriate laboratory testing and shall be based on a minimum mixing depth of 8 inches. 3.4.4 Roadway Pavement Design Method Submittal The Mix Design shall be submitted to the County Engineer for approval, prior to use, as outlined in Columbia County Design Supplement A. 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 11 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 3.4.5 Tolerances At final compaction, the cement and water content for each course of subgrade treatment shall conform to the following tolerances Material Tolerance Cement Water 3.4.6 Construction 3.4.6.1 The cement treated subgrade shall not be mixed while the atmospheric temperature is below 35°F or when conditions indicate that temperatures may fall below 35°F within 24 hours, when it is foggy, rainy, or when soil or subgrade is frozen. 3.4.6.2 The equipment required shall include all equipment necessary to complete this item such as: grading and scarifying equipment, a spreader for the cement, mixing or pulverizing equipment, sheepsfoot, and pneumatic rollers, water delivery equipment, and trucks. 3.4.6.3 It is the primary requirement of this specification to secure a completed stabilized subgrade containing a uniform cement mixture, free from loose or segregated areas, of uniform density and moisture content, well bound for its full depth, and with a smooth surface suitable for placing subsequent courses. The Contractor shall regulate the sequence of work, to apply specified rates of cement, maintain the work, and rework the courses as necessary to meet the above requirements. 3.4.6.4 The area to be incorporated with cement shall be graded from at grade to 0.10 feet below final grading lines before incorporation will be allowed. The Contractor shall provide the County Engineer facilities with which to check proper grading in anticipation of cement incorporation. Pre- application grading shall be based upon the proposed rate and the intent to provide the final 8 inch layer of cement-treated subgrade in conformity with the lines and grades specified in the plans. 3.4.7 Cement Application 3.4.7.1 Cement shall be spread only on areas where the mixing and compaction operations can be completed within 2 hours. The amount of cement spread shall be the amount required to obtain the cement content as determined from the mix design. 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 12 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 3.4.7.2 The cement shall be spread uniformly over the top of the subgrade by an approved screw-type spreader box or other approved spreading equipment. The cement shall be distributed in such a manner that scattering by wind will be minimal. Cement shall not be applied when wind or other weather conditions, in the opinion of the County Engineer, are detrimental to a proper application. 3.4.7.3 The full depth of the treated subgrade shall be mixed with the pulverizing mixer. Cement shall not be left exposed for more than 30 minutes after application. The pulverizing mixer shall make a minimum of two passes to incorporate the cement into the soil. Water shall be added through use of a pulverizing mixer equipped with a spray bar in the mixing drum capable of applying sufficient quantities of water to achieve the required moisture content of the soil-cement mixture. The system shall be capable of being regulated to the degree as to maintain moisture contents within the specified range. 3.4.7.4 Specified moisture contents shall be established by the Design Engineer based on Standard Proctor tests with the site soils and the specific cement to be used for the treatment. Final moisture content of the mix, immediately prior to compaction, shall not be below nor more than 2% above the optimum moisture content for maximum density of the mix. If moisture contents exceed the specified limits, additional cement may be added to lower the moisture content to the required limits. Lowering moisture contents by aeration following addition of the cement will not be permitted. 3.4.8 Testing 3.4.8.1 All camera inspections and subsequent repairs shall be complete prior to installation of cement stabilized subgrade and curb on all projects. 3.4.8.2 All testing specified below shall be performed by the Contractor, unless otherwise noted. Submission of all test reports to the County Engineer shall be in accordance with Section 1.9 of these Specifications. 3.4.8.3 Spread rates shall be checked a minimum of once daily or more often as determined by County Engineer. 3.4.8.4 Compaction of the soil-cement mixture shall begin immediately after mixing of the cement and be completed within 2 hours following incorporation of the cement. The field density of the compacted mixture shall 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 13 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS be at least 100% of the maximum density (Standard Proctor) of laboratory specimens prepared from samples taken from the material in place 3.4.8.5 The Contractor shall perform QC compaction testing of the embankment at the following minimum frequency: 1 test every 500 linear feet. Additional QC testing may be performed as needed to ensure compaction requirements are being met. The County Engineer may perform QA testing of the material as needed. 3.4.8.6 Irregularities, depressions, or weak spots, which develop, shall be corrected immediately by scarifying the area affected, adding or removing material as required, and reshaping and re-compacting. The surface of the course shall be maintained in a smooth condition, free from undulations, and ruts, until other work is placed thereon or the work is accepted. 3.4.8.7 Compaction tests shall be performed after each section is completed. If the material fails to meet the density requirements, it shall be reworked to meet these requirements. Throughout this operation, the shape of the course shall be maintained by blading, and the surface upon completion shall be smooth and shall conform with the typical section shown on the plans and to the established lines and grades. Should the material lose the required stability, density, and finish before the next course is placed or the work is accepted; it shall be re-compacted and refinished. 3.4.8.8 The thickness of the cement treated subgrade shall be determined by depth checks or cores taken at intervals so that each test will represent no more than 500 linear feet or as approved by the County Engineer. When the base thickness is deficient by more than ½ inch, the Contractor shall correct such areas in a manner satisfactory to the County Engineer. The Contractor shall replace the base material where borings are taken for test purposes. The County Engineer may perform additional testing as needed. 3.4.9 Finishing and Curing 3.4.9.1 After the final layer or course of the cement treated subgrade has been compacted, it shall be brought to the required lines and grades in accordance with the typical sections. The finished surfaces shall not vary more than 1/2 inch when tested with a 10 foot straightedge applied parallel with and at right angles to the subgrade centerline. Any variations in excess of this tolerance shall be corrected by the Contractor in a manner satisfactory to the County Engineer. 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 14 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 3.4.9.2 After the cement treated course has been finished as specified herein, the surface shall be protected against rapid drying and maintained in a thorough and continuously moist condition until the pavement section is placed. 3.4.10 Maintenance The Contractor shall maintain the cement treated subgrade in good condition from the start of work until all the work has been completed, cured, and accepted by the County Engineer. Traffic permitted on uncovered stabilized subgrade shall be limited to equipment to satisfy the work. Excessive traffic shall be avoided until full curing of the subgrade has occurred. 3.5 QC/QA Testing The Contractor shall perform QC testing of the embankment at the following minimum frequency: 1 test per lift of embankment per every 500’. Additional QC testing may be performed as needed to ensure compaction requirements are being met. All QC testing shall be submitted in accordance with Section 1.9 of these Specifications. The County Engineer may perform QA testing of the embankment as needed. 3.6 Final Finishing of Roadbed 3.6.1 Roadway Surface After completion of roadway excavation and embankment, the entire surface of the roadbed and slopes shall be shaped to true grade, alignment, and cross- section as shown in the Project Documents 3.6.2 Drainage During construction, all excavation, embankment, ditches, drains, and culverts within the construction limits, easements, or right of way shall be constructed in a manner and sequence as to provide suitable drainage at all times. 3.0 ROADWAY EXCAVATION AND EMBANKMENT 15 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 4.0 CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-BASE 4.1 General 4.1.1 Description This work shall consist of placing, mixing, compacting, and shaping the top 8 inches of the roadbed in both excavation and embankment areas. 4.2 Construction 4.2.1 Sub-Base Construction The entire surface of the in place sub-base shall be thoroughly mixed to a depth of 8 inches. After the material has been thoroughly mixed, the sub- base shall be brought to line and grade and compacted to 100% of the maximum dry density. Compaction shall be based upon the standard proctor method per ASTM D698, or as directed by the County Engineer. The limits of the sub-base shall underlay the proposed base course plus three feet on each side. 4.2.2 Finishing Sub-Base 4.2.2.1 The surface of the completed sub-base shall be bladed to a smooth and uniform texture. The design centerline profile and template cross-section shall conform to the established elevations within an acceptable tolerance of ± ½ inch. 4.2.2.2 The area between the top of curb and right-of-way shall be finish graded to a uniformly smooth surface free from any abrupt irregularities and in close conformance with Plans. 4.2.2.3 Prior to the placement of base material, the contractor shall provide all test results for the sub-base, as noted in the Project Documents, to the County Engineer for approval. All testing of the sub-base will be performed at the Contractor’s expense. 4.2.2.4 The sub-base shall conform to current Georgia Department of Transportation Specification, Section 810 for Class IA material; however, at no time shall any sub-base clay content exceed 16%. Should the material not meet Georgia Department of Transportation Specification, Section 810 for Class IA material, the Design Engineer shall submit his/her method of stabilizing to the County Engineer for approval. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-BASE 16 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 4.2.3 Roadway-Pavement Design Method Submittal The Design Engineer shall submit a roadway design in conformance with Design Supplement A, Pavement System Design Requirements for Columbia County to the County Engineer for approval. 4.3 Proof Rolling 4.3.1 Extent Proof rolling shall be done on all portions of the sub-base or sub-grade underlying the base, which includes three feet of width on each side of the base. The surface shall be in a finished condition ready for the placement of base material. 4.3.2 Means 4.3.2.1 All sub-base and sub-grade shall be compacted and shaped to a firm and non-yielding surface prior to placement of another layer or course. 4.3.2.2 Proof roll shall be performed with a tandem axle dump truck loaded to a minimum gross load of 56,000 pounds provided by the contractor with no exceptions. 4.3.2.3 The pattern for the proof roll shall be up, back and then the test roll. 4.3.2.4 All proof rolling shall be done in the presence of the County Engineer 4.3.3 Repairs to Sub-Base and Sub-Grade 4.3.3.1 All deficient areas shall be satisfactorily repaired and retested. 4.3.3.2 In the event of a rain event exceeding 0.25 inches, after a passing proof roll, the area shall be subject to retesting. 4.4 Protection of Existing Service Lines and Utilities The contractor shall be responsible for the location and protection of all services and utilities of any description and for notifying and coordinating with the appropriate utility companies of work to be performed within the limits of the right-of-way, easements, or construction limits. This shall include all lines and/or structures. 4.5 Restoration of Property The contractor shall carefully restore all property defaced or damaged by operations or acts of any of his agents, employees, or subcontractors. Such restoration shall include seeding, sodding, and transplanting of lawns, hedges, ornamental plantings and repair 4.0 CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-BASE 17 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS or replacement of driveways, walks, fences, steps or other facilities and shall be in like quality to the original undisturbed work. 4.6 Reconstruction or Adjustment to Grade of Miscellaneous Structures The contractor shall reconstruct or adjust to grade all manholes, water valve boxes, catch basins, traps, or the like within the right-of-way, easements, or construction limits. 4.7 QC/QA Testing The Contractor shall perform QC testing of the sub-base at the following minimum frequency: 1 test every 500’. Additional QC testing may be performed as needed to ensure compaction requirements are being met. All QC testing shall be submitted in accordance with Section 1.9 of these Specifications. The County Engineer may perform QA testing of the sub-base as needed. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-BASE 18 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 5.0 CONSTRUCTION OF BASE COURSE 5.1 Definition This work shall consist of, but not be limited to, the premixing, hauling, placing, compaction, and shaping of the base course. 5.2 Material 5.2.1 Graded Aggregate Base Before any graded aggregate base material is brought on site, the Design Engineer shall submit a roadway design in conformance with Design Supplement A, Pavement System Design Requirements for Columbia County to the County Engineer approval. 5.2.2 Additional Graded Aggregate Base At the discretion of the County Engineer additional thickness of graded aggregate base material may be required. 5.3 Construction 5.3.1 Preparation of Sub-Base The construction of the graded aggregate base course shall not commence until the sub-base has been construction in accordance with Section 4.2 and to the satisfaction of the County Engineer. 5.3.2 Placement Graded aggregate base shall be placed in a manner as to prevent segregation and in accordance with Section 310.3.05.A.2 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. 5.3.3 Compaction After the graded aggregate base material has been placed and brought to line, grade, and cross-section, it shall be compacted to 100% maximum dry density. Compaction shall be based upon standard proctor method per AASHTO T 310. 5.3.4 QC/QA Testing The Contractor shall perform QC testing of the base at the following minimum frequency: 1 test every 500’. Additional QC testing may be performed as needed to ensure compaction requirements are being met. All QC testing shall be submitted in accordance with Section 1.9 of these Specifications. The County Engineer may perform QA testing of the base as needed. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION OF BASE COURSE 19 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 5.4 Finish Grading 5.4.1 Roadway Surface 5.4.1.1 The contractor shall finish off the surface to a smooth and uniform surface, free from abrupt changes and sloping to the edges at a rate of ¼ inch per foot. The surface may vary from profile and cross section at any given point by no more than ¼ inch. 5.4.1.2 The final surface shall be constructed in strict accordance with the Plans. 5.4.2 Finished Shoulders The contractor shall ensure the areas from the edge of the road or back of curb to the right-of-way and utility easements are finished to a uniformly smooth surface, free from abrupt surface changes. 5.5 Proof Rolling 5.5.1 Extent Proof rolling shall be done on all portions of the graded aggregate base. The surface shall be in a finished condition ready for the placement of asphaltic material. 5.5.2 Means 5.5.2.1 The graded aggregate base shall be compacted and shaped to a firm and non-yielding surface prior to placement of another layer or course. 5.5.2.2 Proof roll shall be performed with a tandem axle dump truck loaded to a minimum gross load of 56,000 pounds provided by the contractor with no exceptions. 5.5.2.3 The pattern for the proof roll shall be up, back and then the test roll. 5.5.2.4 All proof rolling shall be done in the presence of the County Engineer 5.5.3 Repairs to Graded Aggregate Base 5.5.3.1 All deficient areas shall be satisfactorily repaired and retested. 5.5.3.2 In the event of a rain event exceeding 0.25 inches, after a passing proof roll, the area shall be subject to retesting. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION OF BASE COURSE 20 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 5.6 Protection of Surface. 5.6.1 Graded Areas 5.6.1.1 The contractor shall be responsible for the protection of all graded areas including the roadway, shoulders, ditches, swales, etc. within the right- of-way, easement, or limits of construction. 5.6.1.2 The graded areas shall be protected from traffic and erosion or damage in any form or manner. Any settlement, washing, silting or sanding or damage that may occur from any cause shall be repaired and grades re- established according to the required grades or elevations. 5.6.2 Roadway Unless otherwise specifically noted, the contractor shall maintain the roadway until application of the surface course and during the warranty period. 5.7 Protection of Existing Service Lines and Utilities Protection of existing service lines and utilities shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.4 of these Specifications. 5.8 Restoration of Property Restoration of property shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 5.9 Reconstruction or Adjustment to Grade of Miscellaneous Structures Reconstruction or adjustment to grade of miscellaneous structures shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.6 of these Specifications. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION OF BASE COURSE 21 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 6.0 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT AND/OR TACK COAT 6.1 Prime Coat Description This work shall consist of preparing and treating a prepared base course or an existing surface with bituminous material and blotter material, if required, in accordance with these specifications. All base courses shall be primed with the exception of sand asphalt or asphaltic concrete base material. Prime shall not be applied until all conditions of Section 5.0 have been met and the base course approved by the County Engineer. 6.2 Tack Coat Description This work shall consist of preparing and treating an existing surface with bituminous material in accordance with these specifications. 6.3 Material for Prime Coat and/or Tack Coat Unless otherwise specified, all materials used shall meet the requirements of Georgia Department of Transportation Quality Products List (QPL) for prime coat and/or tack coat. 6.4 Prime Coat Construction 6.4.1 Weather 6.4.1.1 Prime coat shall not be applied on a wet surface nor when the ambient air temperature is below 40 degrees F in the shade. Prime coat shall not be applied when weather conditions would prevent proper bonding and curing of the prime coat. 6.4.2 Condition of Surface 6.4.2.1 The surface to which the prime coat is to be applied shall have been finished to the line, grade, and cross section specified. 6.4.2.2 The surface shall be uniformly compacted and bonded. All irregularities occurring in the surface shall be corrected in accordance with the Project Documents for the particular construction being primed. 6.4.2.3 All loose material, dust, caked clay and all other material likely to prevent penetration or bonding of the prime with the surface shall be removed from the road. 6.4.3 Heating and Applying Prime Coat The prime coat shall be applied to the full width of paving plus six inches in areas without curb and gutter and in accordance with Section 412 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. Caution shall be exercised to avoid the placement of prime coat on concrete curb and gutters. 6.0 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT AND/OR TACK COAT 22 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 6.5 Tack Coat Construction 6.5.1 Weather The tack coat shall not be applied on a wet surface nor when the ambient air temperature is below 40 degrees Fahrenheit in the shade. The tack coat shall not be applied when weather conditions would prevent proper bonding and curing of the tack coat. 6.5.2 Condition of Surface The surface to which the tack coat is to be applied shall be clean and free from any material which would prevent the proper bonding and curing of the tack coat. 6.5.3 Applying Tack Coat A tack coat of 0.02 gallons per square yard to 0.04 gallons per square yard shall be applied to new surfaces. A tack coat of 0.04 gallons per square yard to 0.08 gallons per square yard shall be applied to existing surfaces. These tack rates may be adjusted at the discretion of the County Engineer. The temperature of the tack coat shall be in accordance with Section 413 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. The tack coat shall be applied to the full width of paving in areas without curb and gutter. For areas with curb and gutter or other structures, the contact face shall be coated with a thin uniform coat just prior to placement of asphalt courses. Caution shall be exercised to avoid the placement of tack coat on concrete curb and gutter. 6.6 Protection, Curing, and Maintenance 6.6.1 Closing to Traffic The primed surface shall be closed to all traffic and left undisturbed for so long as necessary for the prime to cure and until it does not pick up under traffic. 6.6.2 Sanding (Blotting) 6.6.2.1 If necessary or as directed by the County Engineer, clean, dry, sharp sand shall be spread by hand or mechanically, over the surface, to prevent the prime coat from being picked up. 6.6.2.2 Sand shall only be spread on places that are tacky and shall be the least amount needed to prevent it from being picked up. 6.6.3 Maintenance The contractor shall maintain the prime coat and the surface of the course primed until it is covered by other construction. 6.0 BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT AND/OR TACK COAT 23 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 7.0 ASPHALT COURSES 7.1 General 7.1.1 Description 7.1.1.1 This specification covers the general requirements that are applicable to all types of bituminous plant mixtures irrespective of gradation of aggregate, kind, and amount of bituminous material or pavement use. 7.1.1.2 This work shall consist of the placement of bituminous plant mix on the prepared foundation surface in the required compacted thicknesses, and in strict conformance with the Project Documents 7.1.2 Conformity Except where otherwise indicated herein below, all work and materials shall conform to the requirements of Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. 7.2 Material 7.2.1 Type of Material The asphalt concrete mixture shall conform to Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications for mix designs as specified in Design Supplement A, Pavement System Design Requirements for Columbia County. 7.3 Construction 7.3.1 Weather The mixing and placing of asphalt concrete mixtures shall not be performed when the existing surface is wet or frozen. The minimum temperature at which the asphalt concrete mixtures can be placed shall be in accordance with Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. 7.3.2 Preparation of Existing Surface 7.3.2.1 If the surface has been rained on, the surface shall be proof rolled again in the presence of the County Engineer prior to any paving operations commencing to ascertain any damage to the primed surface or base course. Repairs will be made as specified by the County Engineer. 7.3.2.2 Before beginning paving operations, the existing surface shall be cleaned. The cleaning operations shall include the removal of dust, foreign matter such as pine straw, leaves, sand, or any other objectionable material. 7.0 ASPHALT COURSES 24 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 7.3.2.3 Before beginning paving operations, all damaged or deficient areas which require patching or repair as directed by the County Engineer shall be corrected prior to any mix being placed. Areas to be patched shall be cut out and all loose material removed. At the discretion of the County Engineer, defects, which are not excessive in depth, width or length, may be removed ahead of the paving operation, filled from the paving operation and overlaid. If the extent of the defect is excessive, the defect shall be removed, filled with acceptable material, and compacted before overlaying. 7.3.2.4 The surface of existing abutting roadways shall be thoroughly cleaned of all objectionable material and the tack coat shall be applied at the appropriate rate on the adjacent area being overlaid. 7.3.3 Transportation and Delivery 7.3.3.1 All asphalt concrete mixtures shall be transported and delivered in accordance with Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. 7.3.3.2 The County Engineer shall be notified at least 48 hours prior to the placement of any asphalt concrete mixtures. 7.3.3.3 The County Engineer may reject any load of asphalt concrete mixture that does not meet these Specifications. Reasons for rejection may include but are not limited to: mix temperature out of tolerance, equipment failure, uncoated aggregate, segregation, deleterious material in mix, etc. 7.3.4 Placement Sequence The asphalt mixture shall be placed in a manner so as to minimize the amount of construction traffic that will travel on the pavement (i.e, complete asphalt paving operations on side roads first, beginning at the end of each side road; complete asphalt paving operations on the main roads last, beginning at the end of the main roads), or as approved by the County Engineer. 7.3.5 Bituminous Pavers and Spreading All requirements for bituminous pavers and spreading shall be in accordance with Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. 7.3.6 Rolling and Compaction Operations 7.3.6.1 All requirements for rolling and compaction operations shall be in accordance with Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Specifications. 7.3.6.2 The types of roller equipment shall include, at a minimum, a breakdown roller, pneumatic-tired roller, and a finish roller. 7.0 ASPHALT COURSES 25 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 7.4 Access 7.4.1 Access In all cases, the contractor shall ensure free access to the driveway without scraping, bumping, or rubbing of a vehicle entering or leaving the driveway during all phases of construction and upon acceptance of the work. 7.5 Adjoining Roads 7.5.1 Damaged Roadway The adjoining pavement to new construction shall have all deficient and damaged pavement removed by the contractor as directed by the County Engineer. The surface shall be cleaned and tacked as specified in Section 7.3.2.4. 7.6 Protection of Paving All sections of new pavement shall be protected from traffic until the traffic will not mar the surface or alter the surface texture. 7.7 Testing 7.7.1 QA/QC Testing The asphalt concrete mixture shall be tested in accordance with Section 400 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications. Copies of all of the contractor’s QC test results, along with the Asphaltic Concrete Lot Worksheet, shall be submitted in a timely manner to the County Engineer for approval. The County Engineer may elect to check the thickness of the asphalt concrete mixture by obtaining three inch asphalt core samples for each street. An asphalt core sample would be taken for each six hundred and fifty (650) lane feet per travel lane or one per travel lane if the street length is less than six hundred fifty (650) feet. The County Engineer reserves the right to perform any additional testing of the asphalt concrete mixture as needed. 7.7.2 Tolerances If the County Engineer elects to check the thickness of the asphalt concrete mixture by obtaining asphalt core samples, the following shall apply: If the overall thickness of the asphalt core sample is deficient more than one eighth (1/8) of an inch from plan thickness, additional asphalt core samples shall be obtained at fifty (50) feet intervals on each side of the original asphalt core sample until an asphalt core sample is obtained that is within 7.0 ASPHALT COURSES 26 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS tolerance. Once the deficient areas are determined, the Developer/ Design Engineer shall submit a Corrective Action Plan to the County Engineer for approval. Once corrective actions have been completed, additional asphalt sample cores shall be obtained to verify that the asphalt thickness in these areas is within tolerance. Once all corrective actions have been completed, all asphalt core sample thicknesses shall be averaged to obtain an overall average pavement thickness for each street. If the overall average pavement thickness is deficient more than one eight (1/8) of an inch from plan thickness, the Developer/Design Engineer shall submit a Corrective Action Plan to the County Engineer for approval. The County Engineer shall appoint an independent AASHTO accredited testing laboratory to obtain and analyze the asphalt core sample and to determine the final pavement thickness. 7.7.3 Penalty All asphalt concrete mixtures shall be accepted, accepted with conditions, or rejected based on the Indicated Pay Factors as reported on the Asphaltic Concrete Lot Worksheet, as shown below. Sieve Analysis PF = 0.90 - 1.00 : Accepted without exceptions PF = 0.80 - 0.85 : Accepted with an additional 1 year warranty PF = Less than 0.80 : Remove and Replace Asphalt Cement & Percent Air Voids PF = 0.90 - 1.00 : Accepted without exceptions PF = 0.50 - 0.80 : Accepted with an additional 1 year warranty PF = Less than 0.50 : Remove and Replace All additional warranties shall be in addition to the warranty stated in the Project Documents and shall apply only to the lot of asphalt mixture in question. 7.8 Smoothness The finish surface shall not vary more than 1/4 inch in 10 feet from the true profile and cross-section. 7.0 ASPHALT COURSES 27 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 7.9 Shoulders and Right-of-Way 7.9.1 Grading In areas disturbed by the contractor’s operations, these areas shall be finish graded in accordance with Section 4.2.2.2. 7.9.2 Finishing All trash, debris, construction material and equipment, excess dirt or asphalt, and all objectionable or material shall be removed by the contractor from the right-of-way, easement, or limits of construction. 7.10 Restoration of Property Restoration of property shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 7.0 ASPHALT COURSES 28 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 8.1 General This section covers concrete construction including reinforcing steel. All concrete shall be sourced from a Georgia Department of Transportation approved concrete plant. All concrete mix designs shall be Georgia Department of Transportation approved and submitted to the County Engineer for approval. All concrete with a 28 day minimum compressive strength of 4000 psi and greater shall be considered structural concrete. All concrete with a 28 day minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi and less shall be considered miscellaneous concrete. 8.2 Forms 8.2.1 Design 8.2.1.1 Forms, including their bracing and supports, shall be of sufficient strength to support the wet concrete and other loads and forces incidental to construction operations, without bulging between supports or bracing and without other deviation from the lines and contours shown on the plans. 8.2.1.2 When form work is, or appears to be, inadequately supported, tied or braced, whether before or during concrete placement operations, the County Engineer may require that the operation be stopped until the apparent defects have been corrected. 8.2.2 Material 8.2.2.1 Except as specifically noted otherwise, forms shall be of lumber, plywood, metal, plastic or a combination of the above, which shall produce the required surface finish. All material shall be free of defects, which materially affect form strength or impair the accuracy or appearance of the concrete surface. Prior to placing concrete, forms shall be coated with acceptable material to prevent bonding of concrete to the form. 8.2.2.2 Forms placed for successive pours for continuous surfaces shall be fitted to accurate alignment to assure smooth, completed surface free from irregularities and shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar. No forms shall be left permanently in place without prior approval of the County Engineer. Holes resulting from removal of form ties shall be filled solid within 12 hours after removal of forms with cement grout, using the same cement and sand as used in the concrete. 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 29 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 8.3 Materials 8.3.1 General The contractor shall be responsible of obtaining concrete mix designs, obtaining and testing of concrete components, and field testing of concrete. Field testing of concrete includes tests for slump, air content, temperature, casting test cylinders, and obtaining test results. The testing laboratory used shall be AASHTO accredited and approved by the County Engineer. All test results shall be submitted to the County Engineer in a timely manner for approval. 8.3.2 Cement 8.3.2.1 Only one type of cement shall be used for exposed concrete in any individual structure. 8.3.2.2 Type I Portland cement to be used in all concrete unless otherwise directed. 8.3.2.3 Type II Portland cement shall be used where concrete will be in contact with the sanitary sewer. 8.3.3 Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate shall consist of clean, hard natural sand manufactured sand or a combination thereof, conforming to ASTM C-33, concrete aggregates, and shall be graded from 3/8 inch to No. 100 sieve. 8.3.4 Coarse Aggregate Coarse aggregate shall consist crushed stone, gravel or a combination thereof, conforming to ASTM C-33, concrete aggregates, and shall be graded to meet the requirements of size No. 467 and 67 as appropriate. 8.3.5 Water Water shall be clean, free from oils, acids, salt, or other injurious substances. 8.3.6 Admixtures Admixtures not listed in the approved concrete mix designs shall be used only with prior written approval. 8.3.7 Curing Curing compound shall conform to Georgia Department of Transportation, Qualified Products List (QPL), for clear or white pigmented curing compound. 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 30 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 8.3.8 Reinforcing Steel Reinforcing steel for concrete shall conform to ASTM A-615 Grade 60. Mesh reinforcement shall conform to ASTM A-185. All splices shall be lapped 30 diameters unless otherwise specified. 8.3.9 Preformed Expansion Joint Filler Strips Preformed Expansion Joint Filler Strips shall conform to ASTM D-1751. 8.3.10 Vapor Barriers Vapor barriers of 6-mil polyethylene shall be provided under all building floor slabs. 8.4 Concrete Quality 8.4.1 Strength All concrete quality shall be classified by strength. The strength classification shall be 28-day minimum compressive strength. 8.4.2 Slump and Air Content The slump and air content shall conform to the specified limits noted in the approved concrete mix designs. 8.4.3 Water - Cement Ratio The water cement shall conform to the specified limits noted in the approved concrete mix designs. 8.4.4 Ready Mix Ready mix concrete shall conform to Section 500 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications. 8.4.5 Strength 8.4.5.1 Sidewalks, manhole slabs, curbs, gutters, and ditch paving shall be 3000 psi. 8.4.5.2 Flowable fill shall have a minimum compressive strength of 100 psi. 8.5 Construction 8.5.1 Placing 8.5.1.1 All weather and temperature restrictions on placing the concrete shall be in conformance with Section 500 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for structural concrete or Section 441 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for miscellaneous concrete. 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 31 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 8.5.1.2 The maximum time that the concrete may be held in the truck shall conform to Section 500 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications. 8.5.1.3 Concrete shall be placed in the forms and mechanically vibrated to produce concrete without segregation or honeycomb. Slabs inclusive with beams shall be placed in one operation. Concrete shall be placed continuously between construction joints. Each batch shall be placed into the edge of previously placed concrete to avoid stone pockets and segregation. If there is a delay in casting, the concrete placed after the delay shall be thoroughly spaded and consolidated by mechanical vibration. During the casting of wall sections, not less than two mechanical vibrators shall be operated continuously for each casting section. The concrete shall not be freely dropped more than six feet, nor be moved horizontally after being deposited, more than five feet. Care must be taken to avoid excessive vibration. Do not allow the vibrators to come into contact with the reinforcing material. 8.5.2 Floating The concrete shall be brought to correct level with a straight edge and struck off. Bull floats shall be used to smooth the surface of the slabs. Power floating of the slabs shall begin when the water sheen has disappeared and/or the mix has set sufficiently to support the weight of equipment. 8.5.3 Reinforcing Steel Reinforcing steel shall be free from scale, oil, and structural defects. The retaining system shall insure that all reinforcing steel in the top surface will be of adequate support to prevent displacement. All reinforcing steel within the limits of a day’s pour shall be in place and adequately tied before concrete placement begins. Pulling up reinforcement to the proper elevation during the placement of concrete shall not be allowed. 8.5.4 Construction Joints Construction joints shall be formed at the locations shown on the plans. Joints, which must be formed in other locations, shall be water-stopped where appropriate, and be adequately keyed and doweled to form a horizontal or vertical line. 8.5.5 Curing and Protection 8.5.5.1 All freshly placed concrete shall be protected from the detrimental effects of the elements – freezing, rapid temperature loss, loss of moisture, and from future construction operations. The concrete shall be cured in accordance with Section 500 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for structural concrete or Section 441 of the Georgia 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 32 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for miscellaneous concrete. 8.5.5.2 Alternatively, all surfaces not protected by forms nor covered with water for the entire curing period shall be covered with curing compound meeting requirements of Section 8.3.6 of these Specifications. If a floor is left uncovered during the curing period, a film of water shall be clearly visible at all times on the entire surface of the slab. Other curing methods may be acceptable, but shall be approved by the County Engineer. 8.5.6 Removal of Forms The forms shall not be removed until the concrete has attained sufficient strength to prevent cracking or other damage. When forms are removed, the contractor shall take appropriate measures to prevent damage to the concrete by construction loads. It is the contractor’s responsibility to protect the concrete. 8.5.7 Backfilling 8.5.7.1 The County Engineer shall be notified 48 hours before backfilling in order that the work may be inspected before it is covered. 8.5.7.2 Backfilling shall not begin until all forms have been removed and trash and debris have been removed from the excavation. 8.5.7.3 Symmetrical backfill loading shall be maintained. Special care will be taken to prevent any wedging action or eccentric loading upon or against the structure. 8.5.7.4 Compaction shall be in accordance with Section 3.3 of these Specifications. 8.6 Concrete Finishes 8.6.1 Rough Finish 8.6.1.1 All concrete wall surfaces which are not exposed to view may be given this finish. This finish has as a prerequisite, a thoroughly vibrated concrete which will give a surface smooth, free from air pockets, water pockets, sand streaks, or honeycombs. 8.6.1.2 After the removal of forms, all fins shall be cut off; all holes, depressions, and rough spots shall be carefully pointed up with grout having the same proportions of cement and sand as used in the concrete being treated. The surface film of all pointed surfaces shall be carefully removed before 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 33 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS setting occurs, otherwise, surfaces shall be left with the texture imparted by the forms. 8.6.2 Rubbed Finish 8.6.2.1 Wall, beam, sill and under slab surfaces which are exposed to view shall have a rubbed finish. As soon as the rough surface finish has set sufficiently, the entire surface shall be wet with a brush and rubbed with a No. 16 carborundum stone, to bring the surface to a paste. The rubbing shall continue until all form marks and projections are removed, and to produce a smooth dense surface without pits or irregularities. The material, which is ground to a paste in the above process, will be carefully spread or brushed uniformly over the entire surface and allowed to “reset”. 8.6.2.2 The final finish shall be obtained by a thorough rubbing with No. 30 carborundum stone. This rubbing shall continue until the entire surface is of a smooth texture and uniform in color. The surfaces shall be stripped evenly with a brush so as to remove excess paste, and the surface left smooth with only enough paste remaining to obtain a uniform color. 8.6.3 Float Finish The surface of all concrete slabs shall, unless otherwise hereinafter specified, be given a float finish. The structural slab shall be brought to the established grade by screeding. Irregularities shall be eliminated and the entire surface finished with a hand float or finishing machine to within ±1/16 inch. 8.6.4 Broom Finish Surfaces of exterior walkways or platforms shall be given a broom finish. A smooth, true, and uniform surface is required for this finish. When the progress of the set provides the proper consistency, the surface shall be raked with a broom to give parallel transverse lines in the surface, and to give a uniform texture. 8.6.5 Trowel Finish All interior finish shall be machine troweled and hand troweled. Machine trowelling shall begin as soon as little or no cement past slings to the blade. Trowelling shall be continued until the surface is dense, smooth, and free of all minor blemishes, such as trowel marks. Hand trowelling shall be required to remove slight imperfections left by the trowelling machine and to bring the surface to a dense smooth finish. Sprinkling of dry cement and mixture or dry cement on the surface of the fresh concrete shall not be permitted. 8.6.6 Polished Finish Prior to polishing or hard trowel finishing, the surface must be finished in accordance with Section 8.6.5. The additional hand trowelling required for 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 34 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS this finish shall bring the surface to a smooth polished finish. Final hand trowelling shall continue until a clear ringing sound is heard as the trowel passes over the surface. 8.7 Samples and Testing 8.7.1 Description The contractor shall be responsible for the concrete mix designs, test cylinders for proving the mix designs, tests for the aggregate gradation and quality, for molding test cylinders during the progress of the job, delivering the cylinders for testing to a laboratory, approved by the County Engineer, testing for slump and air content, and for conducting load tests, if required. 8.7.2 Test Cylinders One set of three concrete test cylinders shall be cast per each 50 cubic yards of concrete placed, for each class of concrete used. Cylinders shall be cured in accordance with ASTM C-31. The cylinders shall be tested for 28 day minimum compressive strength. All test reports shall be submitted to the County Engineer in a timely manner for approval. In the event that concrete test cylinders do not meet the 28 day minimum compressive strength requirement, the Design Engineer shall submit a Corrective Action Plan to the County Engineer for approval. The County Engineer reserves the right to cast additional concrete test cylinders as needed. 8.7.3 Slump Slump test shall be performed whenever concrete test cylinders are cast. The County Engineer reserves the right to request additional slump tests, based on visual inspection of the mix. Any failing test shall result in rejection of the load. 8.7.4 Air Content Air content test shall be performed whenever concrete test cylinders are cast. The County Engineer reserves the right to request additional air content tests, at his discretion. Any failing test shall result in rejection of the load. 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 35 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 8.7.5 Temperature Temperature test shall be performed whenever concrete test cylinders are cast. The County Engineer reserves the right to request additional temperature tests, based on environmental conditions. Any failing test shall result in rejection of the load. 8.8 Concrete Repairs The contractor is responsible for correction of concrete work which does not conform to specifications, including, but no limited to, strength, honeycomb, spalls, cracks, chips, holes, fins, tolerances, and finished. The County Engineer shall determine the acceptability of the proposed method of repair. 8.0 CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION 36 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 9.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE CURB AND GUTTER 9.1 Description This section covers the construction of Portland cement concrete curb and gutter section, including furnishing all labor, equipment, materials, and appliances whatsoever required to complete the work in accordance with these Specifications. 9.2 Utilities All utilities shall be in place and in final configuration prior to the placement of concrete curb and gutter. 9.3 Portland Cement Concrete Curb and Gutter 9.3.1 Dimensions Size and dimensions of curb and gutter shall conform with Standard Drawing 9-1. 9.3.2 Concrete 9.3.2.1 Concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi at 28 days. 9.3.2.2 All concrete equipment, workmanship, and materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of Section 8 of these Specifications, except as hereinafter specified. 9.3.2.3 Concrete shall conform with Section 8.4 of these Specifications. 9.3.3 Base Preparation 9.3.3.1 The base shall be constructed true to line, grade, and cross section. The base shall be of materials meeting applicable specifications of Section 4 of these Specifications in regard to material quality, compaction, testing, etc. The base for curb and gutter shall extend in all cases at least six inches behind the back of curb. 9.3.3.2 The base shall be maintained in a smooth, compacted condition, in conformity with the required section and established grade. 9.3.4 Forms 9.3.4.1 The forms shall straight and true, without any defects, which adversely affects the appearance or strength of the curb, and of sufficient strength to resist springing during depositing and consolidating the concrete. 9.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SURB AND GUTTER 37 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 9.3.4.2 Flexible or curved forms shall be used in curves and radii, as necessary, to allow for a smooth curve and to prevent a chord effect in the alignment. 9.3.4.3 Prior to use, all forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and coated with acceptable material to prevent bonding of the concrete to the form. 9.3.5 Powered Curb Formers 9.3.5.1 Powered curb formers shall be in good working and able to produce curb that is smooth and uniform. 9.3.6 Joints 9.3.6.1 Expansion joints and contraction joints shall be constructed at right angles to the line of curb and gutter. 9.3.6.2 Contraction joints shall be placed so that monolithic sections of curb and gutter shall not be less than 5 feet nor more than 10 feet in length and shall be uniformly placed. 9.3.6.3 The depth of the contraction joint shall be a minimum of ¼ inch in depth and shall be placed as soon as practical without causing damage to the concrete. Separators shall be removed as soon as practicable after the concrete has set sufficiently to preserve the width and shape of the joint. 9.3.6.4 Expansion joints shall be formed by means of preformed expansion joint filler material cut and shaped to the cross section of the curb and gutter. 9.3.6.5 Expansion joint filler, unless otherwise specified, shall conform to Georgia Department of Transportation, QPL. 9.3.6.6 Expansion joints shall be provided in curb and gutter at the ends of all returns, at catch basins, cold joints, and at intervals not to exceed 50 feet. 9.3.7 Construction 9.3.7.1 All weather and temperature restrictions for the concrete shall be adhered to in accordance with Section 441 of the Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Specifications. 9.3.7.2 All new construction of concrete curb and gutter, which adjoins existing curb and gutter, shall begin at the joint of the first section of existing curb and gutter in good condition, or as determined by the County Engineer. The contractor shall bear all costs occurring from the removal of existing unsuitable curb and gutter. 9.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SURB AND GUTTER 38 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 9.3.7.3 Concrete shall be placed to the required depth and thoroughly consolidated so that there are no rock or air pockets at forms and mortar entirely covers the surfaces. Concrete may be compacted by means of mechanical vibrators. Concrete shall not be free dropped from a height so as to cause segregation. 9.3.7.4 The curb and gutter shall conform to meet Standard Drawing 9-1 with and edging tool to radii on exposed edges, and the surfaces floated and finished with a smooth float until true to grade and section and uniform in texture. The floated surfaces shall then be brushed with a fine hair brush with longitudinal strokes. 9.3.7.5 Visible surfaces and edges of the finished curb and gutter shall be free of blemishes, form and tool marks, and shall be uniform in color, shape, and appearance. 9.3.7.6 All camera inspections and subsequent repairs shall be complete prior to installation of cement stabilized subgrade and curb on all projects. 9.4 Testing 9.4.1 Sampling and Testing Sampling and testing shall be done in accordance with Section 8.7 of these Specifications, or as directed by the County Engineer. 9.4.2 Notification The contractor shall notify the County Engineer at least 48 hours prior to concrete placement. No concrete shall be placed prior to inspection of the base by the County Engineer. 9.4.3 Tolerances The finished surfaces, except plan grade changes or curves, shall not vary from plan line and grade by more than 1/4 inch per ten feet in the curb and gutter. 9.5 Finishing and Protection 9.5.1 Backfill After the concrete has set sufficiently, the area to be backfilled shall be cleaned of debris and the backfill shall be placed in accordance with Section 8.5.7 of these Specifications. 9.5.2 Protection The contractor shall protect the completed curb and gutter from all damage until accepted. Curb and gutter, which has settled due to base settlement or erosion under cut or has been cracked or broken, shall be removed and replaced in accordance with the above specifications. 9.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SURB AND GUTTER 39 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 9.5.3 Repair All minor repairs or defects shall be filled with mortar composed of one part Portland cement and two parts sand, or as directed by the County Engineer. Plastering shall not be allowed. 9.5.4 Damage Any damaged curb and gutter that is deemed unacceptable by the County Engineer, shall be removed, and replaced for the entire length between contraction and expansion joints. 9.6 Protection of Exiting Service Lines and Utilities Protection of existing service lines shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.4 of these Specifications. 9.7 Restoration of Property Restoration of property shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 9.0 CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SURB AND GUTTER 40 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 10.0 CONCRETE SIDEWALKS AND DRIVEWAYS 10.1 General This specification covers the general requirements for the construction and reconstruction of concrete sidewalks and driveways. 10.2 Utilities All utilities shall be in place and in final configuration prior to the placement of concrete sidewalk and driveways. 10.3 Concrete sidewalks 10.3.1 Size and Dimensions 10.3.1.1 Concrete sidewalks size shall conform to Standard Drawing 10-1. 10.3.1.2 Concrete sidewalks shall be a minimum of 5 feet wide and 4 inches thick, except at driveways where it shall be 6 inches thick, tapered 1 inch on each side of the driveway. 10.3.2 Material Concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi at 28 days and shall meet all applicable specifications of Section 9.3.2. 10.3.3 Preparation of Base 10.3.3.1 Base shall be prepared in accordance with all applicable specifications of Section 3.3 inclusive, with the following changes. 10.3.3.2 Base shall be compacted to 95% maximum dry density, standard proctor. 10.3.4 Forms 10.3.4.1 Forms shall be straight and true, without any defects, which adversely affect the appearance or strength to resist springing during depositing and consolidating the concrete. 10.3.4.2 Forms shall have a height equal to the full depth of the sidewalk. 10.3.4.3 Forms shall be held rigidly in place. 10.3.4.4 Flexible or curved forms shall be used in curves and radii, as necessary, to allow for a smooth curve and to prevent a chord effect in the alignment. 10.3.4.5 Forms shall not be removed in any case while the concrete is sufficiently plastic to slump in any direction. 10.0 CONCRETE SIDEWALKS 41 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 10.3.4.6 Prior to use, all forms shall be thoroughly cleaned and coated with acceptable material to prevent bonding of the concrete to the form. 10.3.5 Joints 10.3.5.1 Expansion joint filler, unless otherwise specified, shall conform to Georgia Department of Transportation, QPL. 10.3.5.2 Expansion joints shall be formed by means of preformed expansion joint filler material cut and shaped to the cross section of the sidewalk and shall not extend more than ½ the thickness of the sidewalk below the level surface of the sidewalk. 10.3.5.3 Expansion joints shall be provided in the sidewalk at the ends of all returns, at catch basins, cold joints and at intervals not to exceed 50 feet. 10.3.5.4 Contraction joints shall be placed not less than 5 feet in length or as directed by the County Engineer. 10.3.5.5 The depth of the contraction joint shall be a minimum of ¼ inch in depth and shall be placed as soon as practical without causing damage to the concrete. 10.3.6 Construction Construction shall be in accordance with Section 9.3.7, as it applies to concrete sidewalks and driveways. 10.3.7 Finish and Protection 10.3.7.1 Sidewalks shall be finished with floats and final finished with transverse strokes of a stiff bristle broom. 10.3.7.2 Contractor shall ensure and be responsible for protection of the sidewalk from pedestrian traffic, vandalism, and weather in addition to other damage during the curing period. 10.3.7.3 After the concrete has cured sufficiently, the area to be backfilled shall be cleaned of debris and fill shall be placed as required. 10.3.7.4 The contractor shall be responsible for the protection of the complete sidewalk from any and all damages whatsoever until it has been accepted by the County Engineer. Sidewalk which has cracked, settled, or been displaced will not be accepted by the County Engineer. 10.3.7.5 Sidewalks that are damaged, shall be removed and reconstructed for the entire length between contraction and expansion joints. 10.0 CONCRETE SIDEWALKS 42 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 10.4 Driveways 10.4.1 Sidewalk 10.4.1.1 Sidewalk shall match grade to existing concrete and asphalt driveways so as not to present a hazard or appearance. 10.4.1.2 Sidewalk shall be placed across unimproved driveways at the plan grade. 10.4.2 Access Access shall be in accordance with Section 7.4 of these Specifications. 10.5 Testing 10.5.1 Specifications Testing shall be done in accordance with Section 8.7 of these Specifications, or as directed by the County Engineer. 10.5.2 Inspection The contractor shall notify the County Engineer at least 48 hours prior to placing concrete. No concrete shall be placed without inspection of the base by the County Engineer. 10.5.3 Tolerances The finished surfaces, except at plan grade or line changes, shall vary no more than ¼ inch in 10 feet for the top and face of sidewalk from plan grade and line. 10.6 Protection of Existing Service Lines and Utilities Protection of existing service lines shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.4 of these Specifications. 10.7 Restoration of Property Restoration of property shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 10.8 Reconstruction or Adjustment to Grade of Miscellaneous Structures Reconstruction or adjustment to grade of miscellaneous structures shall performed be in accordance with Section 4.6 of these Specifications. 10.0 CONCRETE SIDEWALKS 43 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 10.9 Drainage 10.9.1 General The contractor shall be responsible for retaining all drainage characteristics of the project, unimpeded at all times, and through acceptance of the work. 10.9.2 Ditches The contractor shall be responsible for the relocation and/or construction of all drainage ditches or swales as shown on the plans or as required by the County Engineer. 10.9.3 Driveway Pipes (Side Drains) The contractor shall be responsible for the relocation of all driveway pipes or side drains as shown on the plans or as directed by the County Engineer. 10.0 CONCRETE SIDEWALKS 44 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEM 11.1 Description The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing and in performing all operations, necessary and incidental to the construction and installation of storm drain pipe. This shall include, but not be limited to all excavation, trenching, removal, and replacement of unsuitable materials, grading, all pipe, and fittings, as shown on the Project Documents. 11.2 Plans, Permits and Codes 11.2.1 Permits and codes It is the intent of this section of the specifications that the contractor’s bid on this work be based upon the Project Documents and with all applicable codes, permits and regulations. 11.2.2 Plans 11.2.2.1 The Project Documents indicate the extent and specific arrangement of the work. 11.2.2.2 If any departure from the indicated line, grade or location as shown by the plans are deemed necessary by the contractor, details of such departures and the reasons therefore shall be submitted by the Design Engineer to the County Engineer as soon as practicable for approval. 11.2.2.3 No work on such departures or deviations shall begin without written approval from the County Engineer. No work shall be accepted by the County Engineer with any unapproved departures or deviations from the Project Documents. 11.3 Materials 11.3.1 General 11.3.1.1 All materials furnished by the contractor shall meet the requirements of these Specifications. 11.3.1.2 All materials shall be new, first quality and free from any and all defects and blemishes such as cracking, splitting, spalling, damages to coatings, bending, dents, and deformations of any type. Material shall be protected from damage at all times. 11.3.1.3 The materials may be inspected at any time and all material deemed unsuitable or damaged, shall either be satisfactorily repaired or removed from the project, easement, or limits of construction. All repairs shall be approved by the County Engineer. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 45 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.3.1.4 Extreme care shall be exercised in handling the material during unloading, storing and at all times during construction. All unloading or placing of pipe in the trench shall be done carefully by hand or machine. At no time will materials be allowed to free fall or be dropped from any height. 11.3.2 Pipe Specifications Except as otherwise approved, pipe for storm drains shall be reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) or polypropylene pipe (PP) (in limited applications per GDOT QPL for all applications within the right of way and drainage easements). Smooth-lined corrugated polyethylene (PE) culvert pipe or double walled high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE) may be used for private applications and will not be accepted by County as public infrastructure. A. Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP): a. Pipe shall meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM C- 76. b. Minimum pipe size shall be 18 inches. c. Gasketed pipe shall be used for all roadway crossings. d. Pipe class and minimum cover shall be determined by Design Engineer and approved by the County Engineer. B. Polypropylene (PP) Pipe: a. Pipe shall meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM F2881 and AASHTO M330. b. Minimum pipe size shall be 18 inches. c. Pipe shall have smooth interior walls and annular exterior corrugations. d. Minimum pipe cover shall be determined by Design Engineer and approved by the County Engineer. C. Smooth-Lined Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe: a. For private use only. Not allowable within County-owned right-of- way. b. Type pipe diameter sizes 18” to 26” shall meet or exceed the requirements of AASHTO M294. c. Type pipe diameter sizes 42” and 48” shall meet or exceed the requirements of AASHTO MP6-95. d. Minimum pipe cover shall be determined by Design Engineer and approved by the County Engineer. D. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe: a. For private use only. Not allowable within County-owned right-of- way. b. Type or Type smooth interior walls shall meet or exceed the requirements of AASHTO M-252, M-294, and MP6-95. c. Installation shall be in conformance with ASTM D 2321. d. Minimum pipe cover shall be determined by Design Engineer and approved by the County Engineer. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 46 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.3.3 Fittings and Bands All fittings and bands shall be factory produced first quality and shall be designed for installation on the pipe to be used and be of the same quality and material as the pipe to be used. The fittings and couplings shall comply with the joint performance criteria of AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division II. 11.3.4 Weep Holes Weep hole pipe shall be minimum schedule 40 PVC meeting ASTM D1785 Standard Specification for Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120, or D2665 Standard Specification for Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings. 11.3.5 Affidavit of Compliance The contractor shall furnish an affidavit from the manufacturer that all material conforms to the above referenced ASTM or AASHTO Specifications to the County Engineer. 11.4 Excavation, Trenching and Backfill for Pipelines 11.4.1 General The work covered by this specification consists of furnishing all labor, equipment, and materials in performing all operations in connection with the excavation, trenching, and backfilling for pipelines in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 11.4.2 Classification of Excavation The term “excavation” used hereinafter is defined as “unclassified excavation”. Excavation of every type and description regardless of material encountered shall be constructed to the lines and grades as indicated on the plans or as directed by the County Engineer. 11.4.3 Excavation for Storm Water Structures Excavation for walls and footings shall extend a sufficient distance to allow for the placing and removal of forms, installation of services and for inspection, except where the wall or footing may be authorized to be placed directly against excavated surfaces. 11.4.4 Trench Excavation for Storm Water Pipe 11.4.4.1 General Trenches shall be excavated true to line and grade regardless of substances or material encountered and after the right-of-way, easement, or limits of 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 47 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS construction have been cleared, grubbed and graded to sub-base or plan line and grade. 11.4.4.2 Trench Width Trenches shall be excavated to a sufficient width for proper placement of pipe and to ensure proper compaction of the backfill material in accordance with the Project Documents and all OSHA Regulations. 11.4.5 Trench Foundation 11.4.5.1 Preparation Trenches shall be excavated accurately to plan grade to provide a uniform and stable foundation. Any undercut shall be replaced with approved material which is suitable from the undercut or select fill placed and compacted to 95% of maximum dry density, as per Section 3.3.1 of these Specifications. All fill material shall be free of trash, lumber, debris, objectionable material, rock greater than 1 ½ inches in diameter, frozen or wet material, roots or other organic, perishable or detrimental matter. 11.4.6 Bell Holes Bell holes shall be dug at each bell or coupling so that load is supported entirely by the pipe barrel, uniformly throughout its entire length, on the prepared bottom of the trench. Bell holes shall be excavated only to an extent sufficient to permit accurate work in the making of the joints. 11.4.7 Rejection Any and all pipe which is not uniformly supported throughout its entire length shall be removed and the trench bottom reshaped and compacted to plan line and grade so as to support the pipe uniformly. There shall be no voids visible anywhere below the pipe. 11.4.8 Unsuitable Foundation 11.4.8.1 Where the natural trench bottom is incapable of satisfactorily supporting the pipe, such unsuitable soil shall be removed to a minimum depth of 6” and shall be filled with material suitably compacted and reshaped to plan line and grade so as to support the pipe uniformly throughout its length, as approved by the County Engineer. 11.4.8.2 Where rock excavation is required, the rock shall be excavated a minimum of 1 foot below the plan grade of the pipe. Select fill shall then be placed and compacted in accordance with Section 11.4.9.2. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 48 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.4.9 Backfilling and Compaction 11.4.9.1 The backfilling shall not begin until necessary inspections and tests have been performed and inspected by the County Engineer. 11.4.9.2 All pipe backfill shall be placed in uniform, horizontal, 8 inch loose layers and compacted to 95% maximum dry density. 11.4.9.3 After pipe is laid in the prepared trench bottom, suitable material shall be placed in symmetrical and uniform layers and compacted under the pipe haunches to the spring line and carefully compacted in conformance with the Project Documents. Only enough material to backfill to the spring line shall be placed in the trench and compacted until compaction of the haunches has been attained. Extreme care will be exercised by the contractor to attain the desired compaction without displacing the pipe. Typical trench section shall conform to Standard Drawings 1-7 and 1-8. 11.4.9.4 When compaction has been attained at the pipe haunches, the contractor shall begin the initial backfill to the top of the pipe, placing material symmetrically and uniformly so as to prevent displacement of the pipe. 11.4.9.5 The remainder of the trench zone shall be carefully placed and compacted by mechanical tampers. Proper compaction shall be obtained without causing any damage to the pipe. 11.4.10 Dewatering and Drainage 11.4.10.1 Grading All grading in the vicinity of the trench excavations shall be controlled to prevent surface ground water from flowing into the trenches. During excavation, material suitable for backfilling shall be stored in an orderly manner and safe distance from the excavation as to prevent slides or cave-ins, in accordance with OSHA Regulations. 11.4.10.2 Dewatering Where water is encountered, it shall be prevented from accumulating in excavated areas by pumping, well pointing, or other acceptable means. Water so removed shall be discharged in a manner and location so as not to cause injury or damage to public or private property, work in progress, or completed work and in accordance with all environmental guidelines Under no circumstances will pipe be laid in accumulated water. Where ground water table is such that it makes well pointing impractical, the contractor shall bed the pipe in stone to the extent necessary to provide a dry trench bottom. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.4.11 Shoring and Sheeting 11.4.11.1 Description All shoring, sheeting, and bracing required to perform and protect the excavation and to safeguard employees and the public shall be performed. The contractor shall comply with all OSHA Regulations for all trenching, shoring, and sheeting operations during construction. 11.4.11.2 Responsibility The contractor shall be responsible for the placing of such protection as necessary and shall be responsible for any damages resulting from its omission. 11.4.11.3 Removal Whenever sheeting is driven to a depth below the elevation of the top of the pipe, that portion of the sheeting below the elevation of the top of the pipe shall not be disturbed or removed. Sheeting left in place shall be cut off not less than one foot below finish grade. No sheeting shall be removed until the excavation is substantially backfilled. Excluded from this requirement are specially constructed reusable shoring devices. 11.4.12 Blasting 11.4.12.1 Requirements All explosives used within the right of way, easement, or limits of construction shall be done in strict accordance with all state and federal regulations. 11.4.12.2 Responsibility It is the contractor’s responsibility to ensure the compliance with Section 11.4.12.1 of these specifications and is solely responsible for any kind and all damage resulting from blasting operations. 11.4.12.3 Notification The County Engineer and Columbia County Public Relations Manager shall be notified 48 hours prior to any blasting. 11.4.13 Testing 11.4.13.1 Testing The pipe backfill shall be tested for compaction. The length of pipe between two catch basins shall be considered a section requiring testing. In each section, compaction testing shall be performed on every other lift of backfill up to within 1 foot of subgrade elevation. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS All test reports shall be submitted in accordance Section 1.9 of these Specifications. The County Engineer reserves the right to perform additional testing, as needed. 11.4.14 Protection of Existing Services Lines The contractor shall be responsible for the protection of existing service line and utilities in accordance with Section 4.4 of these Specifications. 11.4.15 Restoration of Property The contractor shall be responsible for the restoration of property in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 11.4.16 Removal and Replacement of Existing Pipes and Equipment Where shown on the plans or drawings or where required to properly construct the work under the contract, the contractor shall remove and replace such pipelines and equipment or structures as directed by the County Engineer. 11.4.17 Pavement Removal and Replacement 11.4.17.1 Open Cuts No open cuts of pavement on county roads shall be made without prior written approval of the County Engineer. Certain roads will require a permit from Georgia Department of Transportation. No work shall begin until receipt of the Georgia DOT permit. 11.4.17.2 Repair The contractor shall be responsible for the repair of pavement in streets and driveways in accordance with Standard Drawings 1-9 and 1-10. Concrete driveways and sidewalks shall be saw cut either side of the limit of excavation or the concrete shall be removed to the nearest joint. The trench shall be backfilled and compacted in accordance with the above Specifications and concrete of 3000 psi compressive strength shall be placed monolithically 9 inches on either side of the trench. The thickness of the concrete over the trench shall not be less than 6 inches for driveways or not less than 4 inches for sidewalks. The concrete shall be placed to align with the grade of the existing driveway and sidewalk in the areas of the repair. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 51 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.4.18 Finish Grade 11.4.18.1 Drainage The contractor shall be responsible for maintaining all ditches, drains, and culverts on the right of way, easement, or limits of construction and for ensuring the effective functioning of all existing drainage characteristic. 11.4.18.2 Responsibility The contractor shall be responsible for all damage to property, public, or private, resulting from the above. 11.5 Construction 11.5.1 Pipe Laying 11.5.1.1 Only such pipe as has been previously inspected and approved, is free of dents, spalls, cracks and is free from any damage which may, be detrimental to the proper functioning of the storm drain system, shall be laid in the trench. 11.5.1.2 The contractor shall remove from the site all damaged material. 11.5.1.3 Pipe shall be carefully lowered into the trench; no pipe shall be free dropped into the trench. 11.5.1.4 The pipe laying shall proceed upgrade with the spigot end of bell and spigot pipe pointing in the direction of the flow. 11.5.1.5 Each pipe shall be laid true to line and grade in such manner as to form a close concentric joint with the adjacent pipe and to prevent offsets in the flow line. 11.5.1.6 The pipe shall be kept clean and free of debris at all times. 11.5.2 Jointing 11.5.2.1 Reinforced concrete pipe sections may be joined by mortar joints, bituminous plastic cement joints, rubber type gasket joints, O-Ringed gasket joints or preformed plastic gasket joints. In mortar and bituminous plastic cement joints the annular space shall be filled with the joint material and the inside of the joint wiped smooth. Mortar joints shall be made in the same manner except that the annular space shall be thoroughly wetted before filling with joint material. After the initial wet, the mortar on the outside shall be protected from the air and sun with thoroughly wet over. 11.5.2.2 HDPE shall be watertight according to the requirements of ASTM D3212. Gaskets shall meet the requirements of ASTM F477. Gaskets shall be installed by the pipe manufacturer and covered with a removable, 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 52 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS protective wrap to ensure the gasket is free from debris. A joint lubricant available from the manufacturer shall be used on the gasket and bell during assembly. Joints shall have an exterior bell wrap installed as recommended by the manufacturer. 11.5.2.3 PP shall be joined with a gasket, integral bell, and spigot joint, meeting the requirements of ASTM F2881. Joints shall be watertight according to the requirements of ASTM D3212. Spigots shall have gaskets meeting the requirements of ASTM F477. Gasket shall be installed by the pipe manufacturer and covered with a removable, protective wrap to ensure the gasket is free from debris. A joint lubricant available from the manufacturer shall be used on the gasket and bell during joint assembly. Joints shall have an exterior bell wrap installed as recommended by the manufacturer. 11.6 Tie-in to Existing Storm Drains 11.6.1 Authorization 11.6.1.1 At no time shall the contractor make any unauthorized tie-ins of storm drains of any type under construction to existing storm drains of any type. 11.6.1.2 The contractor shall not make any authorized tie-ins (e.g. called for on the Project Documents or previously approved changes) unless the County Engineer is present. 11.6.2 Construction 11.6.2.1 The contractor shall make any such tie-ins in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 11.6.2.2 The contractor shall take whatever measures are necessary to prevent the introduction of mud, silt, debris, or excess surface water runoff into the existing storm drain system. 11.6.2.3 Expediting Work-The contractor shall excavate, lay the pipe, and backfill as closely together as possible. Unjointed pipe shall not be left in the trench overnight. The contractor shall backfill and compact the trench as soon as possible after laying and jointing is completed. The exposed end of the installed pipe shall be covered with plywood or filter fabric each day at the close of work and at all other times when work is not in progress. If necessary to backfill over the end of an uncompleted pipe, the end shall be closed with a mechanical joint plug, however, backfilling shall commence only after inspection. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 53 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 11.6.3 Field Tests 11.6.3.1 Pipe and Fittings Each piece of pipe and fitting shall be visually inspected immediately before being placed in the trench and all pieces which are damaged and cannot be repaired after installation shall be rejected. 11.6.3.2 Joints Alignment and Grade After the pipe has been installed in the trench and prior to backfill, the joints alignment and grade shall be carefully checked for conformance with the plans. Any protruding joint material shall be removed and the joint remade. 11.6.3.3 Visual Inspection All storm drains shall be visually checked for alignment between structures and any deviations from the plan line and grade or offsets of any type shall cause that portion of the storm drain system to be rejected if said defects will adversely affect the designed performance of the system and shall be relayed correctly by the contractor at the contractor’s expense. 11.6.3.4 All camera inspections and subsequent repairs shall be complete prior to installation of cement stabilized subgrade and curb on all projects. 11.7 Protection of Service Lines and Utilities Protection of service lines and utilities shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.4 of these Specifications. 11.8 Restoration of Property Restoration of property shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 11.9 Removal and Replacement of Existing Pipes and Equipment Removal and replacement of existing pipes and equipment shall be in strict accordance with the Project Documents, or as directed by the County Engineer. 11.10 Pavement Removal and Replacement Pavement removal and replacement shall be in strict accordance with the Project Documents, or as directed by the County Engineer. 11.11 Clean Up and Finishing All pipe shall be clean and free from silt, mud, debris or anything which may block the free flow of water prior to acceptance. 11.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DRAIN PIPE SYSTEMS 54 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 12.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE STRUCTURES AND STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 12.1 General The work covered by this section of the specifications consists of furnishing all labor, equipment, materials, and appliances and in performing all operations necessary and incidental to the construction of stormwater structures. This will include but not be limited to all excavation, trenching, removal, and replacement of unsuitable materials and grading as shown on the Project Documents. 12.2 Plans, Permits and Codes 12.2.1 Changes in Plan 12.2.1.1 The Project Documents indicate the extent and specific arrangement of the work. 12.2.1.2 The Contractor, in consultation with the County Engineer, may have reasonable leeway to make minor adjustments to grades and stormwater drainage system, excluding stormwater management facilities, in order to maintain project uniformity as long as the designed intent of the systems are not changed and positive drainage is maintained. Substantial changes shall be submitted by the Design Engineer for the approval by the County Engineer before implementation. 12.3 Excavation and Backfill 12.3.1 Excavation for Structures All excavation shall be in strict accordance with Sections 3 and 8 of these Specifications. 12.3.2 Excavation for Stormwater Management Facilities All stormwater management facilities shall be constructed in strict accordance with the Project Documents. Any deviations shall be approved by the County Engineer, prior to implementation. 12.3.3 Backfill for Structures Backfill shall be constructed in strict accordance with Sections 3 and 8 of these Specifications. 12.3.4 Earth Fill for Stormwater Management Facilities Earth fill shall be constructed in strict accordance with Sections 3 and 8 of these Specifications. 12.3.5 Structural Fill for Stormwater Management Facilities Structural fill shall be constructed in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 12.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE STRUCTURES AND STORMWATER 55 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 12.3.6 Drainpipe through Stormwater Management Facilities Drainpipe through stormwater management facilities shall be constructed in strict accordance with the Project Documents. 12.4 Construction of Stormwater Structures 12.4.1 Applicability 12.4.1.1 All stormwater structures shall be constructed in strict accordance with the appropriate Georgia Department of Transportation Standard Drawing, the appropriate Columbia County Standard Drawing, and the Project Documents. 12.4.2 Inspections 12.4.2.1 All stormwater structures shall be inspected by the County Engineer prior to acceptance for conformity with the specifications. 12.4.3 Drainage through Structures 12.4.3.1 All catch basins shall have weep holes installed per the Columbia County Standard Details. 12.5 Protection and Repairs All stormwater structures shall be protected from damage until accepted. Any damage that may occur shall be repaired to the satisfaction of the County Engineer. 12.6 Clean up and Finishing All stormwater structures shall be clean and free from silt, mud, debris or anything which may block the free flow of water prior to acceptance. 12.7 Protection of Service Lines and Utilities Protection of service lines and utilities shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.4 of these Specifications. 12.8 Restoration of Property Restoration of property shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.5 of these Specifications. 12.9 Reconstruction or Adjustment to Grade of Miscellaneous Structures The Reconstruction or adjustment to grade of miscellaneous structures shall be performed in accordance with Section 4.6 of these Specifications. 12.0 CONSTRUCTION OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE STRUCTURES AND STORMWATER 56 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 13.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 13.1 Applicability 13.1.1 Construction Standards and Specifications Construction standards and specifications for Best Management Practices (BMPs) shall be in accordance with Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission’s Manual for Erosion and Sediment Control in Georgia (Green Book), latest edition. 13.1.2 Authorization to Discharge Storm Water Authorization to discharge storm water associated with construction activities to the water of the State of Georgia shall be in accordance with Georgia Department of Natural Resources / Environmental Protection Division’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). 13.1.3 Permitting, Inspection, Enforcement and Penalties Permitting, inspection, enforcement, and penalties shall be in accordance with Columbia County’s Code of Ordinances, Chapter 34, Article 3 – Soil Erosion, Sedimentation, and Pollution Control. 13.0 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 57 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 14.0 FENCING 14.1 Description The work covered by this section of the specification consists of furnishing all labor, equipment, and materials, and in performing all operations in connection with the construction of the chain link fence, complete with all appurtenances, in strict accordance with this section of the specifications, the applicable drawings, and subject to the terms and conditions of the contract. 14.2 Materials 14.2.1 General The fence shall have an overall height of 6 feet excluding the 3 strands of barbed wire on the top, arms inside. The fence shall be the standard product of Cyclone Fence Corp., or American Chain & Cable, Anchor Post Products, or equal. 14.2.2 Fabric Fabric shall be No. 9 gauge, 2 inch mesh, Class I, galvanized in conformance with ASTM requirements. 14.2.3 Posts Line posts, 2 inch O.D. shall be spaced not more than 10 feet. Corner and gate posts shall be 3 inch O.D. Posts shall be anchored in concrete footings, crowned to shed water. 14.2.4 Toprail A 1 5/8 inch O.D. toprail shall be provided for the entire fence. 14.2.5 Fabric Reinforcing Wire Fabric reinforcing wire shall be provided along the bottom edge. It shall be not less than No. 7 gauge coiled spring wire. Galvanized ties or clips shall be provided for attaching reinforcing wires to fabric at intervals of not more than 2 inches. 14.2.6 Post Braced Nominal 1 5/8 inch O.D. galvanized tubular post braces extending to each adjacent line post at mid-height of the fabric shall be provided for each gate, corner, pull and end post. A 3/8 inch diameter truss rod shall also be provided from the line post back to the gate, corner, pull, or end post, with a turnbuckle or other equivalent provision for adjustment. 14.2.7 Stretcher Bars Stretcher Bars 3/16 X 3/4 inch in size, with length 1 inch less than fabric height, shall be provided for stretching and securing the fabric at each gate, 14.0 FENCING 58 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS end, corner and pull post, one for each gate and end post and two for each corner and pull post. 14.2.8 Post Tops All posts shall be provided with post tops which will fit over the outside of posts to exclude moisture and shall be combination tops with barbed wire supporting arms. Post tops shall be provided with a hole suitable for the through passage of the top rail. 14.2.9 Barbed Wire Supporting Arms Barbed wire supporting arms shall be at an angle of 45 degrees and shall be fitted with clips or other means for securing three lines of barbed wire, the top line approximately 12 inches horizontally from the fence line and 12 inches above the top of the fabric and the other lines spaced uniformly between the top line and the top of the fabric. 14.2.10 Barbed Wire Barbed wire shall consist of 3 strands of 12 gauge wire with 14 gauge, 4 point barbs spaced approximately 5 inches apart. The wire shall be electrogalvanized. The barbs may be aluminum. 14.2.11 Ties or Clips Ties and clips of adequate strength shall be provided in sufficient number for attaching the fabric to all line posts and to top rail at intervals not exceeding 15 inches 14.2.12 Bands and Clips Bands and clips of adequate strength shall be provided in sufficient number for attaching the fabric and stretcher bars to all terminal posts at intervals not exceeding 15 inches. 14.2.13 Gates Gates shall be swing-type complete with latches, stops, keepers, and hinges, with 3 strands of barbed wire mounted on vertical arms above the fabric. One double leaf gate for a minimum 14 feet opening is required. 14.2.13.1 Gate frames shall be constructed of galvanized tubular members, 3 inch O.D. at 2.72 lbs. for the double leaf 14 feet gate, and trussed and braced in such a manner as to provide a rigid frame and ample strength to insure a gate free from sag and twist, the end members of each frame shall be extended approximately 12 inches above the top member and arranged for attaching 3 uniformly spaced lines of barbed wire. 14.2.13.2 Stretcher bars shall be provided for each gate to facilitate tight installation of the fabric in each gate frame. 14.0 FENCING 59 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS 14.2.13.3 Ties, bands, and clips of adequate strength shall be provided in sufficient number for attaching the fabric to the frame and stretcher bars and the stretcher bars to the gate frame. 14.2.13.4 Hinges shall be of heavy pattern, of adequate strength for the gate, and with large bearing surfaces for clamping in position. The hinges shall not twist or turn under the action of the gate. The gates shall be capable of being open and closed easily by one person. 14.2.13.5 Latches, stops, and keeper shall be provided for all gates; the latches shall have the plunger bar arranged to engage the stops when closed and the keepers when open. Latches shall be arranged for locking by padlock. Center stops shall consist of a device arranged to be set in concrete and to engage the plunger of the latch bar of double gate. Keepers shall consist of a mechanical device for securing the free end of the gate when in fully open position, one being required for each gate leaf. 14.2.13.6 All metallic units or items shall be hot-dip galvanized finish except barbed wire which shall be electrogalvanized. Ties, clips and bands and barbed wire may be aluminum. 14.3 Installation 14.3.1 Post Setting All posts shall be securely anchored in concrete footings, neatly crowned to shed water. Footings shall be poured in cored holes unless the soil will not permit coring, in which case alternate methods will be permitted subject to prior approval by the County Engineer. Footings for line posts shall be 9 inch diameter by 2 feet 9 inch deep and gate posts shall be 12 inch diameter by 3 feet 3 inch deep. In all cases, the posts shall extend to within 3 inches of the bottom of the footing. Posts shall be aligned and set to permit fabric and top rail installation at a uniform grade approximately the general slope of the ground. Where necessary, to prevent short length sags of dips in the top of the fence, post heights shall be adjusted as directed by the County Engineer. 14.3.2 Post Spacing Each run of fence shall be set up so that a uniform spacing of posts will result. The spacing shall be approximately, but not more than 10 feet. In all runs in excess of 200 feet, and in shorter runs when desired by the contractor, pull posts shall be installed to facilitate proper stretching of the fabric during its installation. 14.0 FENCING 60 ---PAGE BREAK--- COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING DIVISION CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS DETAILS ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 61 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 62 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 63 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 64 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 65 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 66 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 67 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 68 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 69 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 70 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 71 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. ” 72 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 73 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 74 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 75 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 76 ---PAGE BREAK--- ℄ Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION 77 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION 78 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 1/13/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION · · · · · 79 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 1/13/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION 80 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 1/13/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION 81 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 1/13/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 82 ---PAGE BREAK--- X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 1/13/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION 83 ---PAGE BREAK--- X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 1/13/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION 84 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 85 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 86 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 87 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 88 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 89 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 90 ---PAGE BREAK--- SPEED HUMP M.P.H. 35 AHEAD Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 91 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 92 ---PAGE BREAK--- ” Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIA COUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION. 93 ---PAGE BREAK--- Revision No. Approved By: Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Revision No. Date: Date: Revision No. Date: ISSUE DATE: 3/3/2022 STANDARD DETAIL NUMBER COLUMBIACOUNTY ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION . 94