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Manure Spreading Risks Peter Wright, State Conservation Engineer NRCS Syracuse NY [PHONE REDACTED] [EMAIL REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- NRCS: On the Land, NRCS: On the Land, For the Land ---PAGE BREAK--- Natural Resources Conservation Service • Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Previously SCS) • Works with Conservation Districts • Created in 1935 in response to the Dust Bowl crisis • Evolved to address soil, water, animal, plant and air concerns on privately owned land • Non-regulatory--NRCS works with landowners on a voluntary basis ---PAGE BREAK--- NRCS is not a regulatory agency NRCS is not a regulatory agency • Provide technical assistance in... – natural resource planning – design & engineering – implementation of conservation practices used to reduce soil erosion, improve water quality, and protect natural resources ---PAGE BREAK--- NRCS Mission: •To provide leadership in a partnership effort •to help people conserve, maintain, and improve our natural resources and environment. •Help people help the land ---PAGE BREAK--- Animal Agriculture? • Plants only? – Fertilizer applications • N and P • sediment – No pathogens Slide 6 ---PAGE BREAK--- Manure • Recycled to the land? • Treated and discharged to water? Slide 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- Daily Spreading ---PAGE BREAK--- Manure Storage ---PAGE BREAK--- Value of Manure • Typical dairy manure from storage per 1000 gallons – 18 lbs of N – 6 lbs of P – 19 lbs of K. • Assume all the N is retained and P and K are needed • Assume average value of $0.25 per pound. • $10.75 per 1,000 gallons. ---PAGE BREAK--- Value of Manure • Assume manure not incorporated • Assume P and K are too high already • Organic nitrogen is 11 lbs per 1,000 gallons. • $2.75 per 1,000 gallons ---PAGE BREAK--- Intangible Values • Organic Matter – Water holding capacity – Nutrient holding capacity – Soil Tilth • Compaction • Delayed Corn Planting and Hay harvest • Environmental Risk • Odors ---PAGE BREAK--- Daily Spread Estimated Cost/Cow/Year $168 Low Capital Cost Traditional No peak labor demands Minimal daily impact to environment ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Manure Losses • Nutrients, Pathogens, BOD – With Particles – With Water ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Ideal Management • Sized correctly based on CNMP • Emptied according to plan • Solids controlled • Drainage area controlled • Manure production stays same ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Slide 29 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- 007-23 ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Actual Management • Sized based on affordability • May not be emptied according to plan • Solids build up (or pump out limited) • Drainage area increased • Manure production increases – More cows – More production ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- Winter spreading • NRCS Nutrient Management 590 1/13 • NY P Index • Supplemental Manure Spreading Guidelines to Reduce Water Contamination Risk During Adverse Weather conditions. Slide 39 ---PAGE BREAK--- Practices • More storage • Incorporation of manure • Drainage management – Bioreactors Slide 40 ---PAGE BREAK--- Conclusions • Manure happens • Recycling is best • Farms need risk management • Storage helps Slide 41 ---PAGE BREAK--- Slide 42 "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, political beliefs, genetic information, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).“ To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Stop 9410, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call toll-free at (866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (English Federal-relay) or (800) 845-6136 (Spanish Federal-relay). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ---PAGE BREAK--- QUESTIONS? Pete Wright [EMAIL REDACTED] Slide 43 ---PAGE BREAK--- Precipitation Ithaca NY Recent Period Annual Precipitation Increasing Winter Precipitation Increasing ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK--- ---PAGE BREAK---