Document Anaheim_doc_0394b12b17

June 2011 2010 Urban Water Management Plan City of Anaheim Final ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 200 S. Anaheim Blvd  Anaheim, CA 92805 2010 Urban Water Management Plan June 2011 Report Prepared By: Malcolm Pirnie, Inc. 8001 Irvine Center Drive Suite 1100 Irvine, CA 92618 [PHONE REDACTED] ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan i Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1. Urban Water Management Plan Requirements 1-1 1.2. Agency Overview 1-4 1.3. Anaheim’s Service Area 1-4 1.4. Anaheim’s Water Facilities 1-5 2. Water Demand 2-1 2.1. Overview 2-1 2.2. Factors Affecting Demand 2-1 2.2.1. Climate Characteristics 2-1 2.2.2. Demographics 2-2 2.3. Water Use by Customer 2-3 2.3.1. 2-3 2.3.2. Residential 2-4 2.3.3. Non-Residential 2-5 2.3.4. Other Water Uses 2-5 2.3.4.1. Sales to Other Agencies 2-5 2.3.4.2. Non-Revenue Water 2-5 2.4. SBx7-7 Requirements 2-6 2.4.1. 2-6 2.4.2. SBx7-7 Compliance Options 2-6 2.4.3. Regional Alliance 2-7 2.4.4. Baseline Water Use 2-7 2.4.5. SBx7-7 Water Use Targets 2-9 2.4.6. Water Use Reduction Implementation Plan 2-9 2.5. Demand Projections 2-10 2.5.1. 25 Year Projections 2-10 2.5.2. Low Income Household Projections 2-11 3. Water Sources and Supply Reliability 3-1 3.1. Overview 3-1 3.2. Imported Water 3-2 3.2.1. Metropolitan’s 2010 Regional Urban Water Management Plan 3-3 3.2.2. Anaheim’s Imported Water Supply Projections 3-9 3.3. Groundwater 3-9 3.3.1. Orange County Groundwater Basin 3-9 3.3.2. Basin Production Percentage 3-11 3.3.3. Recharge Facilities 3-12 3.3.4. Metropolitan Groundwater Replenishment Program 3-13 3.3.5. Metropolitan Conjunctive Use Program 3-13 3.3.6. Historical Groundwater Production 3-13 3.3.7. Projection of Groundwater Production 3-14 3.4. Recycled Water 3-15 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan ii 3.5. Supply Reliability 3-15 3.5.1. 3-15 3.5.2. Factors Contributing to Reliability 3-16 3.5.2.1. Water Quality 3-17 3.5.3. Normal-Year Reliability Comparison 3-19 3.5.4. Single Dry-Year Reliability Comparison 3-19 3.5.5. Multiple Dry-Year Reliability Comparison 3-20 4. Demand Management Measures 4-1 4.1. Overview 4-1 4.2. Water Use Efficiency Programs 4-1 4.2.1. DMM 1: Water Survey Programs for Single-Family Residential and Multi- Family Residential Customers 4-3 4.2.2. DMM 2: Residential Plumbing Retrofit 4-4 4.2.3. DMM 3: System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair 4-4 4.2.4. DMM 4: Metering with Commodity Rates 4-5 4.2.5. DMM 5: Large Landscape Conservation Programs and Incentives 4-5 4.2.6. DMM 6: High-Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate 4-7 4.2.7. DMM 7: Public Information Programs 4-7 4.2.8. DMM 8: School Education Programs 4-9 4.2.9. DMM 9: Conservation Programs for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Accounts 4-11 4.2.10. DMM 10: Wholesale Agency Programs 4-12 4.2.11. DMM 11: Conservation Pricing 4-12 4.2.12. DMM 12: Water Conservation Coordinator 4-13 4.2.13. DMM 13: Water Waste Prohibition 4-13 4.2.14. DMM 14: Residential Ultra-Low-Flush Toilet Replacement Programs 4-13 5. Water Supplies Contingency Plan 5-1 5.1. Overview 5-1 5.2. Shortage Actions 5-1 5.3. Three-Year Minimum Water Supply 5-4 5.4. Catastrophic Supply Interruption 5-6 5.5. Prohibitions, and Consumption Reduction Methods 5-9 5.6. Impacts to Revenue 5-10 5.7. Reduction Measuring 5-12 6. Recycled Water 6-1 6.1. Agency Coordination 6-1 6.2. Wastewater Description and Disposal 6-3 6.3. Current Recycled Water Uses 6-4 6.4. Potential Recycled Water Uses 6-4 6.4.1. Direct Non-Potable 6-5 6.4.2. Indirect Potable Reuse 6-5 6.5. Optimization Plan 6-6 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan iii 7. Future Water Supply Projects and Programs 7-1 7.1. Water Management Tools 7-1 7.2. Transfer or Exchange Opportunities 7-1 7.3. Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs 7-1 7.4. Desalination Opportunities 7-2 7.4.1. Groundwater 7-3 7.4.2. Ocean Water 7-3 8. UWMP Adoption Process 8-1 8.1. Overview 8-1 8.2. Public Participation 8-2 8.3. Agency Coordination 8-2 8.4. UWMP Submittal 8-4 8.4.1. Review of Implementation of 2005 UWMP 8-4 8.4.2. Filing of 2010 UWMP 8-4 List of Tables Table 2-1: Climate Characteristics 2-2 Table 2-2: Population – Current and Projected 2-3 Table 2-3: Past, Current and Projected Service Accounts by Water Use Sector 2-4 Table 2-4: Past, Current and Projected Water Demand by Water Use Sector 2-4 Table 2-5: Additional Water Uses and Losses (AFY) 2-6 Table 2-6: Base Daily per Capita Water Use – 10-year range 2-8 Table 2-7: Base Daily per Capita Water Use – 5-year range 2-9 Table 2-8: Preferred Compliance Option and Water Use Targets 2-9 Table 2-9: Current and Projected Water Demands 2-10 Table 2-10: Anaheim’s Demand Projections Provided to Wholesale Suppliers (AFY) 2-10 Table 2-11: Projected Water Demands for Housing Needed for Low Income Households (AFY) 2-12 Table 3-1: Anaheim’s Imported Water Connections 3-3 Table 3-2: Metropolitan Average Year Projected Supply Capability and Demands for 2015 to 2035 3-6 Table 3-3: Metropolitan Single-Dry Year Projected Supply Capability and Demands for 2015 to 2035 3-7 Table 3-4: Metropolitan Multiple-Dry Year Projected Supply Capability and Demands for 2015 to 2035 3-8 Table 3-5: Wholesaler Identified & Quantified Existing and Planned Sources of Water (AFY) 3-9 Table 3-6: Current Basin Production Percentage 3-11 Table 3-7: Amount of Groundwater Pumped in the Past 5 Years 3-14 Table 3-8: Amount of Groundwater Projected to be Pumped (AFY) 3-15 Table 3-9: Wholesaler Supply Reliability - % of Normal AFY 3-16 Table 3-10: Basis of Water Year Data 3-16 Table 3-11: Factors Resulting in Inconsistency of Supply 3-17 Table 3-12: Water Quality – Current and Projected Water Supply Impacts (AFY) 3-19 Table 3-13: Projected Normal Water Supply and Demand (AFY) 3-19 Table 3-14: Projected Single-Dry Year Water Supply and Demand (AFY) 3-20 ---PAGE BREAK--- Table of Contents City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan iv Table 3-15: Projected Multiple Dry Year Period Supply and Demand (AFY) 3-20 Table 4-1: Urban Supplier’s Demand Management Measures Overview 4-2 Table 4-2: Retrofit Devices and Rebate Amounts Available Under Save Water Save a Buck Program 4-12 Table 5-1: Water Supply Shortage Stages and Conditions – Reduction Stages 5-3 Table 5-2: Metropolitan Shortage Conditions 5-5 Table 5-3: Three-Year Estimated Minimum Water Supply (AFY) 5-6 Table 5-4: Preparation Actions for Catastrophe 5-9 Table 5-5: Consumption Reduction Methods 5-10 Table 5-6: Revenue Impacts Analysis 5-11 Table 5-7: Water Use Monitoring Mechanisms 5-12 Table 6-1: Participating Agencies 6-3 Table 6-2: Wastewater Collection and Treatment (AFY) 6-3 Table 6-3: Disposal of Wastewater (Non-Recycled) (AFY) 6-4 Table 6-4: Projected Future Use of Recycled Water in Service Area (AFY) 6-4 Table 6-5: Projected Recycled Water Uses (AFY) 6-5 Table 6-6: Recycled Water Uses – 2005 Projections compared with 2010 Actual 6-5 Table 7-1: Specific Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs 7-2 Table 7-2: Opportunities for Desalinated Water 7-3 Table 8-1: External Coordination and Outreach 8-1 Table 8-2: Coordination with Appropriate Agencies 8-3 List of Figures Figure 1-1: Regional Location of Urban Water Supplier 1-3 Figure 1-2: City of Anaheim’s Service Area 1-6 Figure 3-1: Current and Projected Water Supplies (AFY) 3-2 Appendices A. Urban Water Management Plan Checklist B. Orange County Water District Groundwater Management Plan 2009 Update C. Gross Water Use Calculations D. Impact of Single-Dry Year and Multiple-Dry Years Methodology E. Resolution No. 2008-154, Ordinance No. 6138, Ordinance No. 6160 F. 60 Day Notification Letters G. Public Hearing Notice H. Copy of Resolution for Plan Adoption ---PAGE BREAK--- Acronyms City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan v Acronyms Used in the Report 20x2020 20% water use reduction in GPCD by year 2020 Act Urban Water Management Planning Act AF acre-feet AFY acre-feet per year Basin Orange County Groundwater Basin BDCP Bay Delta Conservation Plan BEA Basin Equity Assessment BMP Best Management Practice Board Metropolitan’s Board of Directors BPP Basin Production Percentage CDR Center for Demographic Research cfs cubic feet per second CII Commercial/Industrial/Institutional CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System City City of Anaheim CPP Canyon Power Plant CRA Colorado River Aqueduct CUP Conjunctive Use Program CUWCC California Urban Water Conservation Council Department Public Utilities Department DMM Demand Management Measure DWR Department of Water Resources EIR Environmental Impact Report EOC Emergency Operations Center EOCF #2 East Orange County Feeder #2 ERP Emergency Response Plan ETo Evapotranspiration Festival Children’s Water Education Festival FY Fiscal Year FYE Fiscal Year Ending GAP Green Acres Project GPCD gallons per capita per day gpm gallons per minute GWRS Groundwater Replenishment System HECW High Efficiency Clothes Washer HET high efficiency toilet IRP Integrated Water Resources Plan IWA International Water Association LPCP Landscape Performance Certification Program ---PAGE BREAK--- Acronyms City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan vi LWTP Lenain Water Treatment Plant MARS Member Agency Response System MCL Maximum Contaminant Level Metropolitan Metropolitan Water District of Southern California MF Microfiltration MG million gallons MGD million gallons per day MOU Memorandum of Understanding MWDOC Municipal Water District of Orange County NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OCSD Orange County Sanitation District OCWD Orange County Water District Plan Citywide Water Recycling Plan Poseidon Poseidon Resources LLC PPCP Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Product QSA Quantification Settlement Agreement RA Replenishment Assessment RHNA Regional Housing Needs Assessment RO Reverse Osmosis RUWMP Regional Urban Water Management Plan SBx7-7 Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session SCAB South Coast Air Basin SCAG Southern California Association of Governments SDCWA San Diego County Water Authority SWP State Water Project TDS Total Dissolved Solids ULFT ultra-low-flush toilet USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation UWMP Urban Water Management Plan WACO Water Advisory Committee of Orange County WARN Water Agencies Response Network WDOC Water Department Operations Center WEROC Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County WOCWBF #2 West Orange County Water Board Feeder #2 WSAP Water Supply Allocation Plan WSDM Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan WCR Walnut Canyon Reservoir YE Year End ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1 Executive Summary This report serves as the 2010 update of the City of Anaheim’s (City) Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP). The UWMP has been prepared consistent with the requirements under Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656 of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act), which were added by Statute 1983, Chapter 1009, and became effective on January 1, 1984. The Act requires "every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually” to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years. 2010 UWMP updates are due to DWR by August 1, 2011. Since its passage in 1983, several amendments have been added to the Act, and some changes in the UWMP requirements have been made since 2005. The most recent changes affecting the 2010 UWMP include Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session (SBx7-7) and SB 1087. Water Conservation Act of 2009 or SBx7- 7 enacted in 2009 is the water conservation component of the Delta package. It stemmed from the Governor’s goal to achieve a 20% statewide reduction in per capita water use by 2020 (20x2020). SBx7-7 requires each urban retail water supplier to develop urban water use targets to help meet the 20% goal by 2020 and an interim 10% goal by 2015. Service Area and Facilities The City provides water to an estimated population of 365,000 throughout its 49.3 square mile service area. The City receives its water from two main sources, the Orange County Groundwater basin, which is managed by the Orange County Water District (OCWD) and imported water from the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan). Groundwater is pumped from 18 active wells located within the City, and imported water is delivered to the City through seven treated water connections and one untreated connection. The treated imported water is received from the Diemer Filtration Plant. Water Demand In 2009-10, the total water demand for retail customers served by the City was approximately 67,000 acre-feet annually consisting of 22,100 acre-feet of imported water (treated and untreated) and 44,900 acre-feet of local groundwater. Within the past several years, the City’s water demand has had a decreasing trend. With its diligence in the promotion of water conservation as well as financial incentives to customers to retrofit their homes and businesses with water efficient devices and appliances, the City ---PAGE BREAK--- Executive Summary City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2 has been able to lower its demand compared to the population growth. Groundwater supply is projected to account for approximately 65% of the City’s total water demand between 2015 and 2035. A lower BPP of 62% is anticipated for multiple dry years. With MWDOC’s assistance in the calculation of the City’s base daily per capita use and water use targets, the City has selected to comply with Option 1 of the SBx7-7 compliance options. The City is a member of the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance formed by MWDOC. This regional alliance consists of 29 retail agencies in Orange County. Under Compliance Option 1, the City’s 2015 interim water use target is 181.4 GPCD and the 2020 final water use target is 161.2 GPCD. Water Sources and Supply Reliability The City’s main source of water supply is groundwater from the Orange County Groundwater Basin and imported water from Metropolitan. Today, the City relies on 62% local groundwater and 38% imported. It is projected that by 2035, the water supply mix will include more groundwater (65%) and a small amount of recycled water. The sources of imported water supplies include the Colorado River and the State Water Project (SWP). Metropolitan’s 2010 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) update describes the core water resource strategy that will be used to meet full-service demands (non- interruptible agricultural and replenishment supplies) at the retail level under all foreseeable hydrologic conditions from 2015 through 2035. It is required that every urban water supplier assess the reliability to provide water service to its customers under normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP finds that Metropolitan is able to meet full service demands of its member agencies with existing supplies from 2015 through 2035 during normal years, single dry year, and multiple dry years. The City is therefore capable of meeting the water demands of its customers in normal, single dry, and multiple dry years between 2015 and 2035, as illustrated in Table 3-13, Table 3-14, and Table 3-15, respectively. Future Water Supply Projects The City has entered into an agreement to purchase the GWRS water for use at the Canyon Power Plant (CPP). The CPP, located near the northwest corner of Kraemer Boulevard and Miraloma Avenue in Anaheim, will be the first industrial user of the GWRS water. The estimated water usage for the CPP is approximately 200 acre-feet per year. This water will be used to control and/or reduce air emissions. The City plans to begin purchasing water in 2011. The City has recently completed a Citywide Water Recycling Facilities Plan (Plan) that identified potential uses of recycled water in its service area. The recycled water could provide a reliable source of irrigation water to local parks, golf courses, and school ---PAGE BREAK--- Executive Summary City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3 grounds along with the potential to serve certain industrial and commercial uses. The Plan matches potential end users of sub-potable water to viable non-potable/recycled water supply sources. Ten primary recycled/non-potable water supply alternatives were developed to meet existing and future sub-potable water demands of the system. These alternatives include utilizing shallow groundwater wells, treating areas of brackish groundwater, tapping into existing project such as those from Los Angeles County Sanitation District, OCWD’s GWRS pipeline or the proposed North Basin groundwater protection project and constructing satellite water reclamation plants. In Orange County, there are two proposed ocean desalination projects that could serve MWDOC, including one specifically that may benefit the City. On April 11, 2007, the City signed a non-binding Letter of Intent for 2.7 MGD (3,000 AFY) of Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project supplies. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1-1 1. Introduction 1.1. Urban Water Management Plan Requirements Water Code Sections 10610 through 10656 of the Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) requires "every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually” to prepare, adopt, and file an UWMP with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) every five years. 2010 UWMP updates are due to DWR by August 1, 2011. This UWMP provides information on the present and future water demands and supplies and provides an assessment of the City’s water resource needs. Specifically, this document will provide water supply planning for a 25-year planning period in 5-year increments. The plan identifies water supplies for existing and future demands, quantify water demands during normal year, single-dry year, and multiple-dry years, and identify supply reliability under the three hydrologic conditions. The City’s 2010 UWMP update revises the 2005 UWMP. This document has been prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Act as amended in 2009, and includes the following discussions: • Water Service Area and Facilities • Water Demand and Use by Customer Type • Water Sources and Supply Reliability • Demand Management Measures • Water Supply Contingency Plan • Recycled Water • Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs Since its passage in 1983, several amendments have been added to the Act. The most recent changes affecting the 2010 UWMP include Senate Bill 7 as part of the Seventh Extraordinary Session (SBx7-7) and SB 1087. Water Conservation Act of 2009 or SBx7- 7 enacted in 2009 is the water conservation component of the historic Delta package. It stemmed from the Governor’s vision to achieve a 20% statewide reduction in per capita water use by 2020. SBx7-7 requires each urban retail water supplier to develop urban water use targets to help meet the 20% goal by 2020 and an interim 10% goal by 2015. Each urban retail water supplier must include in its 2010 UWMPs the following information: ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Introduction City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1-2 • Baseline daily per capita water use • 2020 urban water use target • 2015 interim water use target • Compliance method being used along with calculation method and support data Wholesale water suppliers are required to include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies that would help achieve the 20 by 2020 goal. The other recent amendment made to the UWMP Act to be included in the 2010 UWMP is set forth by SB 1087, Water and Sewer Service Priority for Housing Affordable to Low-Income Households. SB 1087 requires water and sewer providers to grant priority for service allocations to proposed developments that include low income housing. SB 1087 also requires UWMPs to include projected water use for single- and multi-family housing needed for low-income households. This 2010 UWMP update also incorporates water use efficiency efforts that the City has implemented or is considering implementing pursuant to the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California (MOU).1 The sections in this Plan correspond to the outline of the Act, specifically Article 2, Contents of Plans, Sections 10631, 10632, and 10633. The sequence used for the required information, however, differs in order to present information in a manner reflecting the unique characteristics of the City’s water utility. The UWMP Checklist has been completed, which identifies the location of Act requirements in this Plan and is included as Appendix A. Figure 1-1 illustrates the City’s location in Orange County. The City became signatory and adopted the MOU in 1992. 1 The Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California (MOU) was adopted in September 1991 by a large number of water suppliers, public advocacy organizations and other interested groups. It created the California Urban Water Conservation Council and established 16 Best Management Practices (BMPs) for urban water conservation, recently refined to 14 BMPs. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Introduction City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1-3 Figure 1-1: Regional Location of Urban Water Supplier ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Introduction City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1-4 1.2. Agency Overview The City was first incorporated by the State Legislature in 1870. At the request of taxpayers, the Legislature revoked the incorporation in 1872. However, the City was again incorporated, first by the Board of Supervisors in 1876 and then by the State Legislature in 1878. The City operates under a Charter with a Council-Manager form of government. The Mayor and Council Members are elected at large to a four-year term; each member can serve two four-year terms2 • Tom Tait - Mayor . The current City Council members include: • Harry S. Sidhu - Mayor Pro Tem • Lorri Galloway - Council Member • Gail E. Eastman - Council Member • Kris Murray - Council Member The City Council is responsible for determining policy for the City as well as citizen appointments to the seven-member Anaheim Public Utilities Board. The Board acts as an advisory panel to the City Council on all utilities matters. The Public Utilities General Manager is responsible for all utility operations and reports to the City Manager. The City commenced water operations in 1879 and metering of customers began in 1890. The early municipal water system consisted of a single well, pumping plant, and a 20,000-gallon redwood storage tank. Wells were the sole source of water for the City until the 1940’s when supplemental water from the Colorado River was made available by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan) via the Colorado River Aqueduct (CRA). 1.3. Anaheim’s Service Area The City currently serves water to an area of approximately 49.3 square miles (31,560 acres) with elevations ranging from less than 60 feet to over 1,200 feet above sea level. The City’s service area includes approximately 1.4 square miles of the total service area) of water bodies. The City’s service area excludes several small areas inside City limits serviced by other water purveyors and includes areas outside of City limits (between Brookhurst and Gilbert Streets) serviced by the City. The City’s water service area is shown in Figure 1-2. Areas 1 through 5 are inside Anaheim City limits but serviced by other water purveyors. Areas 6 and 7 are outside Anaheim City limits but are serviced by the City. 2 Your Anaheim Mayor & City Council Brochure, www.anaheim.net ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Introduction City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1-5 As the City has developed, it has correspondingly increased its number of connections, installed more wells, built a series of reservoirs, and greatly expanded the transmission and distribution system in order to meet the water service requirements of a growing number of customers. 1.4. Anaheim’s Water Facilities The City’s current major water system facilities consist of eight import connections to Metropolitan (one untreated water and seven treated water connections), 18 active wells, one 920 million gallon (MG) reservoir for untreated water, one 15 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant, 13 treated water reservoirs with 38.75 MG of total storage capacity, permanent chlorination facilities at various sites, 9 booster pump stations, approximately 752 miles of water mains and approximately 7,800 fire hydrants. The City’s water system serves areas ranging in elevation from less than 60 feet to over 1,200 feet above sea level. In order to provide appropriate operating pressures for such a wide range of elevations, the water system is divided into 18 pressure zones. The City’s water distribution system is generally divided into two main geographic areas; the “Flatland Area” (i.e. 555 HGL elevation and below) and the “Hill and Canyon Area” (i.e. the 585 HGL elevation and above). The Flatland Area is approximately 22,500 acres, situated generally north and west of the Santa Ana River, and can almost be entirely served by groundwater (with Metropolitan imported water supplemented, as necessary.) The Hill and Canyon Area is approximately 9,060 acres, situated generally south and east of the Santa Ana River, and served primarily by the imported water from Metropolitan and the City’s Lenain Water Treatment Plant (LWTP). The City maintains 14 interconnections with neighboring cities and water districts including the City of Garden Grove, City of Orange, City of Fullerton, Golden State Water Company (formerly known as Southern California Water Company), and Yorba Linda Water District. These interconnections are primarily used to supply a nominal quantity of water during emergency situations or as necessary. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 1 Introduction City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 1-6 Figure 1-2: City of Anaheim’s Service Area ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-1 2 2. Water Demand 2.1. Overview In 2009-10, the total water demand for retail customers served by the City was approximately 67,000 acre-feet annually consisting of 22,100 acre-feet of imported water (treated and untreated) and 44,900 acre-feet of local groundwater. Within the past several years, the City’s water demand has had a decreasing trend. With its diligence in the promotion of water conservation as well as financial incentives to customers to retrofit their homes and businesses with water efficient devices and appliances, the City has been able to lower its demand compared to the population growth. The passage of SBx7-7 will increase efforts to reduce the use of potable supplies in the future. This new law requires all of California’s retail urban water suppliers serving more than 3,000 AFY or 3,000 service connections to achieve a 20 percent reduction in demands (from a historical baseline) by 2020. Due to great water conservation efforts in the past decade, the City is on its way to meeting this requirement on its own. Moreover, the City has elected to join the regional alliance under Metropolitan and MWDOC’s umbrella. The City together with the other retail agencies in Southern California is committed to reducing the region’s water demand by 20% by 2020. This section will explore in detail the City’s current water demands by customer type and the factors which influence those demands as well as providing a perspective of its expected future water demands for the next 25 years. In addition this section describes the City’s SBx7-7 compliance method selection, baseline water use calculation, and its 2015 and 2020 water use targets. 2.2. Factors Affecting Demand Water consumption is influenced by many factors from climate characteristics to demographics, land use characteristics, and economics. The key factors affecting water demand in the City’s service area are discussed below. 2.2.1. Climate Characteristics The City has a Mediterranean climate: a semi-arid environment with mild winters, warm summers, and moderate rainfall. The climate is consistent with coastal Southern California. The general region lies in the eastern Pacific zone. As a result, the climate is mild, tempered by cool sea breezes. The usually mild climatological pattern is interrupted infrequently by periods of extremely hot weather, winter storms, or Santa Ana winds. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-2 The City’s average daily high temperature ranges from 58 degrees ˚F in December/January to 74 degrees ˚F in August in a typical year. The average annual precipitation is 14 inches, although the region is subject to significant variations in annual precipitation (Table 2-1). The average Evapotranspiration (ETo) is almost 50 inches per year which is four times the annual average rainfall. This translates to a high demand for landscape irrigation for homes, commercial properties, parks, and golf courses. Moreover, a region with low rainfall like Southern California is also more prone to droughts. Table 2-1: Climate Characteristics Standard Average ETo (inches)[1] Annual Rainfall (inches) Average Temperature Jan 2.18 3.18 58.0 Feb 2.49 3.05 59.1 Mar 3.67 2.78 60.2 Apr 4.71 0.67 63.0 May 5.18 0.25 65.7 Jun 5.87 0.11 69.3 Jul 6.29 0.02 72.9 Aug 6.17 0.12 74.3 Sep 4.57 0.34 73.2 Oct 3.66 0.36 68.9 Nov 2.59 1.17 62.4 Dec 2.25 1.79 57.9 Annual 49.63 13.84 65.4 CIMIS Station #75, Irvine, California from October 1987 to Present NOAA, Santa Ana Fire Station, California 1971 to 2000, Mean Precipitation Total NOAA, Santa Ana Fire Station, California 1971 to 2000, Mean Temperature The sources of the City’s imported water supplies, the State Water Project and Colorado River Project, are influenced by weather conditions in Northern California and along the Colorado River. Both regions have recently been suffering from multi-year drought conditions and record low rainfalls which directly impact demands and supplies to Southern California. 2.2.2. Demographics The City serves an estimated population of 365,000, which includes approximately 9,000 residing outside the City’s limits. According to the State of California, Department of Finance, the City is the tenth most populated city in California. The projected population ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-3 of the City’s service area was obtained from the California State University, Fullerton Center for Demographic Research (CDR). The City’s service area population is expected to increase by 19% in the next 25 years. Table 2-2 shows the population projections in the City’s service area for the next 25 years based on CDR’s projections. Much of the growth is attributed to higher population densities throughout the City including The Platinum Triangle and the proposed Mountain Park development, a single and multi-family residential development in Anaheim Hills. Further, population growth will also occur in various areas of the City due to redevelopment. Table 2-2: Population – Current and Projected 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Service Area Population 364,921 383,768 395,769 409,096 424,558 432,949 Source: Center for Demographic Research, California State University, Fullerton 2010 According to 2010 Census data, the population within the City limit is 336,265. The service area population is about 9,000 higher than the population within the City limits. The population projection for the City’s service area is anticipated to be updated by the end of the year using the new Census data. 2.3. Water Use by Customer Type The knowledge of an agency’s water consumption by type of use or by customer class is key to developing that agency’s water use profile which identifies when, where, how, and how much water is used, and by whom within the agency’s service area. A comprehensive water use profile is critical to the assessment of impacts of prior conservation efforts as well as to the development of future conservation programs. This section provides an overview of the City’s water consumption by customer type in 2005 and 2010, as well as projections for 2015 to 2035. The customer classes are categorized as single-family residential, multi-family residential, commercial/industrial/institutional (CII), and others including temporary uses, fire lines, and non-revenue water. 2.3.1. Overview The City has approximately 62,600 customer connections to its potable water distribution system. The City is projecting a 7% increase in the number of connections by the year 2035. All connections in the City’s service area are metered. Approximately 58% of the City’s water demand is residential. Commercial, Industrial, Institutional (CII) including dedicated landscape accounts for 37% of the City’s water demand. The remaining demand consists of other uses and system losses. The City does ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-4 not have agricultural customers. The increase in water demand is relative to the base year (2010) demand of 70,060 AF, which was determined from linear interpolation of 2000- 2010 water demands. Tables 2-3 and 2-4 provides a summary of the past, current, and projected number of water service customers and water use by customer class in five-year increments from 2005 through to 2035. Table 2-3: Past, Current and Projected Service Accounts by Water Use Sector Fiscal Year Ending Number of Accounts by Water Use Sector Single Family Multi- Family Commercial /Industrial Fire Line Temporary Services Total Accounts 2005 49,382 4,240 6,606 1,579 75 61,882 2010 49,783 4,247 6,776 1,729 71 62,606 2015 49,883 4,279 7,047 1,670 80 62,959 2020 50,331 4,330 7,454 1,720 80 63,915 2025 51,973 4,368 7,860 1,770 80 66,051 2030 51,973 4,430 8,267 1,800 80 66,550 2035 51,973 4,487 8,606 1,820 80 66,966 Table 2-4: Past, Current and Projected Water Demand by Water Use Sector Fiscal Year Ending Water Demand by Water Use Sectors (AFY) Single Family Multi- Family Commercial /Industrial Fire Line Temporary Services Total Demand Additional Water Uses and Losses Total 2005 26,201 14,837 27,324 796 119 69,277 2,063 71,340 2010 24,556 12,872 24,771 540 136 62,876 4,053 66,929 2015 26,676 14,713 26,693 560 200 68,842 3,558 72,400 2020 26,916 15,834 26,438 600 200 69,988 3,612 73,600 2025 27,794 16,814 26,747 630 200 72,185 3,716 75,900 2030 27,794 18,216 26,843 660 200 73,713 3,788 77,500 2035 27,794 19,617 25,603 690 200 73,904 3,797 77,700 See Table 2-5 2.3.2. Residential Residential water use accounts for the majority of the City’s water demands. The single family residential sector accounts for approximately 38% and multi-family residential accounts for 20% of the total water demand. Water consumption by the residential sector ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-5 is projected based on anticipated growth in housing units. The remaining demands are for the non-residential sector and system losses. 2.3.3. Non-Residential In 2010 non-residential demand was 37% of the overall demand. The non-residential water consumption is projected based on the anticipated growth in employment with the City. The City has a mix of commercial uses (markets, restaurants, etc.), public entities (such as schools, fire stations and government offices), office complexes, light industrial, warehouses and facilities serving the public. The City does not provide water for agricultural. 2.3.4. Other Water Uses The City will begin purchasing recycled water produced from the Orange County Water District’s (OCWD) Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) starting in 2011. The water will be used at the Canyon Power Plant located on the corner of Kraemer and Miraloma, making the City the first industrial user of the GWRS water. The estimated purchased amount will be approximately 200 AFY. 2.3.4.1. Sales to Other Agencies The City exchanges a small amount of water with neighboring agencies at interties but does not sell water to any agencies. 2.3.4.2. Non-Revenue Water The City’s past records show that non-revenue water averages about 4.5% of the City’s total water demand, within the past 10 years. Non-revenue water is the difference between water production and water consumption and represents “lost” water. Non- revenue water occurs for a number of reasons: • The City Fire Department performs hydrant testing to monitor the level of fire protection available throughout the City. The City performs hydrant flushing to eliminate settled sediment and ensure better water quality. Hydrant testing and flushing are not metered. • Water used by the Fire Department to fight fires. This water is also not metered. • Customer meter inaccuracies. Meters have an inherent accuracy for a specified flow range. However, flow above or below this range is usually registered at a lower rate. Meters become less accurate with time due to wear. • Water potentially lost from system leaks, main breaks, flushing, well starts/stops, i.e. from pipes, valves, pumps, and other water system appurtenances. The City does not provide any water for saline water intrusion barriers, groundwater recharge, or conjunctive use. Past, current and projected non-revenue water (unaccounted-for water) is summarized in Table 2-5. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-6 Table 2-5: Additional Water Uses and Losses (AFY) Water Use Fiscal Year Ending 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Saline Barriers - - - - - - - Groundwater Recharge - - - - - - - Conjunctive Use - - - - - - - Raw Water - - - - - - - Golf Course Irrigation 232 355 300 300 300 300 300 Unaccounted-for Water 1,831 3,698 3,258 3,312 3,416 3,488 3,497 Total 2,063 4,053 3,558 3,612 3,716 3,788 3,797 2.4. SBx7-7 Requirements 2.4.1. Overview SBx7-7, which became effective on February 3, 2010, is the water conservation component to the Delta legislative package. It seeks to implement Governor Schwarzenegger’s 2008 water use reduction goals to achieve a 20% statewide reduction in urban per capita water use by December 31, 2020. As discussed above, the bill requires each urban retail water supplier to develop urban water use targets to help meet the 20% goal by 2020 and an interim 10% goal by 2015. The bill establishes methods for urban retail water suppliers to determine targets to help achieve water reduction targets. The retail water supplier must select one of the four target-setting methods (compliance options). The retail agency may choose to comply to SBx7-7 as an individual or as a region in collaboration with other water suppliers. Under the regional compliance option, the retail water supplier still has to report the water use target for its individual service area. The bill also includes reporting requirements in the 2010, 2015, and 2020 UWMPs. An agency that does not comply with SBx7-7 requirement will not be eligible for water related grant, or loan, from the state on and after July 16, 2016. However, if an agency that is not in compliance documents a plan and obtains funding approval to come into compliance then could become eligible for grants or loans. 2.4.2. SBx7-7 Compliance Options DWR has established four compliance options for urban retail water suppliers to choose from. Each supplier is required to adopt one of the four options to comply with SBx7-7 requirements. The four options include: • Option 1 requires a simple 20 percent reduction from the baseline by 2020 and 10 percent by 2015. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-7 • Option 2 employs a budget-based approach by requiring an agency to achieve a performance standard based on three metrics: o Residential indoor water use of 55 GPCD o Landscape water use commiserate with Model Landscape Ordinance o 10 percent reduction in baseline CII water use • Option 3 is to achieve 95% of the applicable state hydrologic region target as set forth in the State’s 20x2020 Water Conservation Plan. • Option 4 requires calculation of Total Savings and subtraction from Base GPCD: o Total Savings includes indoor residential savings, metering savings, CII savings, landscape and water loss savings. Anaheim’s Compliance Option Selection With MWDOC’s assistance in the calculation of the City’s base daily per capita use and water use targets, the City has selected to comply with Option 1. While each retail agency is required to choose a compliance option in 2010, DWR allows for the agency to change its compliance option in 2015. This will allow the City to determine its water use targets for Compliance Option 2 and 4 as it anticipates more data to be available for targets calculation in the future. 2.4.3. Regional Alliance As discussed above, retail agencies can choose to meet the SBx7-7 targets on its own or several retail agencies may form a regional alliance and meet the water use targets as a region. The benefit for an agency that joins a regional alliance is that it has multiple means of meeting compliance. The City is a member of the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance formed by MWDOC. This regional alliance consists of 29 retail agencies in Orange County as described in MWDOC’s 2010 RUWMP. The Regional Alliance Weighted 2015 target is 174 GPCD and 2020 target is 157 GPCD. 2.4.4. Baseline Water Use The first step to calculating an agency’s water use targets is to determine its base daily per capita water use (baseline water use). This baseline water use is essentially the agency’s gross water use divided by its service area population, reported in gallons per capita per day (GPCD). The baseline water use is calculated as a continuous 10-year average during a period, which ends no earlier than December 31, 2004 and no later than December 31, 2010. Agencies that recycled water consists of 10 percent or more of 2008 retail water delivery can use up to a 15-year average for the calculation. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-8 The City’s retail delivery in 2008 did not include recycled water; therefore, a 10-year instead of a 15-year rolling average was calculated. The City’s baseline water use is 201.6 GPCD which was obtained from the 10-year period July 1, 1995 to June 30, 2005. Tables 2-6 and 2-7 provide the base period ranges used to calculate the baseline water use for the City as well as the service area population and annual water use data which the base daily per capita water use was derived. Data provided in Table 2-6 was used to calculate the continuous 10-year average baseline GPCD. Moreover, regardless of the compliance option adopted by the City, it will need to meet a minimum water use target of 5% reduction from a five-year baseline as calculated in Table 2-7. Because the City is an OCWD agency, the City’s gross water use includes deductions for indirect potable recycled water use from the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) and Water Factory 21 managed by OCWD. The calculations for the gross water use are included in Appendix C. Table 2-6: Base Daily per Capita Water Use – 10-year range Highest Available Baseline Beginning Ending 10 Year Avg July 1, 1995 June 30, 2005 Fiscal Year Ending Service Area Population Gross Water Use (gallons per day) Daily Per Capita Water Use 1996 303,051 63,978,[PHONE REDACTED] 309,953 66,920,[PHONE REDACTED] 317,468 61,984,[PHONE REDACTED] 324,968 66,564,[PHONE REDACTED] 333,052 71,142,[PHONE REDACTED] 339,261 67,467,[PHONE REDACTED] 342,641 70,750,[PHONE REDACTED] 345,157 66,261,[PHONE REDACTED] 348,117 68,300,[PHONE REDACTED] 348,018 63,114,928 181 Base Daily Per Capita Water Use: 201.6 The most recent year in base period must end no earlier than December 31, 2004, and no later than December 31, 2010. The base period cannot exceed 10 years unless at least 10 percent of 2008 retail deliveries were met with recycled water. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-9 Table 2-7: Base Daily per Capita Water Use – 5-year range Highest Available Baseline Beginning Ending 5 Year Avg July 1, 2003 June 30, 2008 Fiscal Year Ending Service Area Population Gross Water Use (gallons per day) Daily Per Capita Water Use 2004 348,117 68,300,[PHONE REDACTED] 348,018 63,114,[PHONE REDACTED] 347,959 64,643,[PHONE REDACTED] 349,645 68,159,[PHONE REDACTED] 351,933 66,023,837 188 Base Daily Per Capita Water Use: 189.2 The base period must end no earlier than December 31, 2007, and no later than December 31, 2010. 2.4.5. SBx7-7 Water Use Targets Under Compliance Option 1, the simple 20 percent reduction from the baseline, the City’s 2015 interim water use target is 181.4 GPCD and the 2020 final water use target is 161.2 GPCD as summarized in Table 2-8. Table 2-8: Preferred Compliance Option and Water Use Targets Baseline 2015 Target 2020 Target Option 1 - Simple 20% Reduction 201.6 181.4 161.2 2.4.6. Water Use Reduction Implementation Plan The City will continue to implement Demand Management Measures described in Section 4 as part of its Water Use Reduction Implementation Plan. As part of this implementation, the City recently submitted a grant application to the United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) to develop a Water Use Efficiency Master Plan. The purpose of this master plan is to develop specific approaches for implementing cost effective water conservation measures to achieve the 20 x 2020 targets set by the 2009 Water Conservation Bill. In addition, the City will participate in the Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance along with 28 other retail urban water suppliers in Orange County. The Orange County 20x2020 Regional Alliance was created to allow local water suppliers to meet their 20% by 2020 reduction targets set by the 2009 Water Conservation Bill on a regional basis through the successful implementation of region-wide programs. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-10 2.5. Demand Projections 2.5.1. 25 Year Projections One of the main objectives of this UWMP is to provide an insight into the City’s future water demand outlook. As discussed above, the City’s total water demand in 2009-10 was nearly 67,000 acre-feet which was met through a combination of local groundwater and imported water. Table 2-9 provides a projection of the City’s water demand sources for the next 25 years. Groundwater supply is projected to account for approximately 65% of the City’s total water demand from 2015 through 2035 in normal and single dry years, given the recently approved expansion of the GWRS. A lower BPP of 62% is anticipated for multiple dry years. Imported water from Metropolitan and recycled water from OCWD and the City will meet the remaining demand. The City is projected to start using 200 AFY of recycled water from OCWD’s GWRS for industrial purposes, and 20 to 55 AFY from initial phase of the City’s water recycling demonstration facility for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. Table 2-9: Current and Projected Water Demands (AFY) Water Supply Sources Fiscal Year Ending 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt MET (Imported Treated/Untreated Full Service (non-int.)) 22,031 25,263 25,671 26,476 27,036 27,106 Groundwater 44,898 46,917 47,674 49,169 50,209 50,339 Recycled Water 220 255 255 255 255 Total 66,929 72,400 73,600 75,900 77,500 77,700 Table 2-10 shows the projected demands for imported water that the City needs to purchase from Metropolitan for the next 25 years. Table 2-10: Anaheim’s Demand Projections Provided to Wholesale Suppliers (AFY) Wholesales Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Metropolitan 25,263 25,671 26,476 27,036 27,106 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-11 2.5.2. Low Income Household Projections One significant change to the UWMP Act since 2005 is the requirement for retail water suppliers to include water use projections for single-family and multifamily residential housing needed for lower income and affordable households. This requirement is to assist the retail suppliers in complying with the requirement under Section 65589.7 of the Government Code that suppliers grant a priority for the provision of service to housing units affordable to lower income households. A lower income household is defined as a household earning 80% of the County of Orange’s median income or less. In order to identify the planned lower income housing projects within its service area, DWR3 The RHNA is an assessment process performed periodically as part of Housing Element and General Plan updates at the local level. Regional Council of Governments in California are required by the State Housing Element Law enacted in 1980 to determine the existing and projected regional housing needs for persons at all income levels. The RHNA quantifies the need for housing by income group within each jurisdiction during specific planning periods. The RHNA is used in land use planning, to prioritize local resource allocation and to help decide how to address existing and future housing needs. The RHNA consists of two measurements: 1) existing need for housing, and 2) future need for housing. recommends that retail suppliers may rely on Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) or Regional Housing Needs Plan information developed by the local council of governments, the California Department of Housing and Community Development. The current RHNA planning period is January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2014 completed by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) in 2007. The next RHNA which will cover the planning period of January 1, 2011 to September 30, 2021 is not expected to be completed until fall of 2012; therefore, the 2007 RHNA will be used for the purpose of this 2010 UWMP. Based on the 2007 Final Regional Housing Need Allocation Plan4 Therefore, from inference, it is estimated that approximately 37.8% of the projected residential water demands within the City’s service area will be for housing needed for , the projected housing need for low and very low income households (hereafter referred to as low-income) in the City of Anaheim are 17.0% and 20.8%, respectively or 37.8% combined. 3 California Department of Water Resources, Guidebook to Assist Urban Water Suppliers to Prepare a 2010 UWMP, Final (March 2011) 4 Southern California Association Governments, Final Regional Housing Need Allocation Plan for Jurisdictions within the Six County SCAG Region (July 2007) ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 2 Water Demand City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 2-12 low income households. Table 2-11 provides a breakdown of the projected water needs for low income single family and multifamily units. The projected water demands shown here represent 37.8% of the projected water demand by customer type for single-family and multifamily categories provided in Table 2-4 above. For example, the total single family residential demand is projected to be 26,676 AFY in 2015 and 27,794 AFY in 2035. The projected water demands for housing needed for single family low income households are 10,084 and 10,506 AFY for 2015 and 2035, respectively. Table 2-11: Projected Water Demands for Housing Needed for Low Income Households (AFY) Water Use Sector Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Total Retail Demand 72,400 73,600 75,900 77,500 77,700 Total Residential Demand 41,389 42,750 44,608 46,010 47,411 Total Low Income Households Demand 15,645 16,160 16,862 17,392 17,921 SF Residential Demand - Total 26,676 26,916 27,794 27,794 27,794 SF Residential Demand - Low Income Households 10,084 10,174 10,506 10,506 10,506 MF Residential Demand - Total 14,713 15,834 16,814 18,216 19,617 MF Residential Demand - Low Income Households 5,562 5,985 6,356 6,886 7,415 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-1 3 3. Water Sources and Supply Reliability 3.1. Overview The City’s main source of water supply is groundwater from the Orange County Groundwater Basin and imported water from Metropolitan. Today, the City relies on 62% local groundwater and 38% imported. It is projected that by 2035, the water supply mix will include more groundwater (65%) and a small amount of recycled water. The City works together with two primary agencies – Metropolitan and OCWD to ensure available, safe, and high quality water supply. The City is a member agency of Metropolitan whose sources of imported water supplies include the Colorado River and the State Water Project (SWP). Metropolitan’s 2010 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) update reestablishes its reliability goal to provide full capacity to meet full-service demands at the retail level under all foreseeable hydrologic conditions through 2035, including a 10% buffer to account for uncertainties inherent in the planning process. Local groundwater pumped from the City’s wells is managed by OCWD. The Orange County Groundwater Basin is not adjudicated. In any given year, the amount of water which the City is projected to pump out of the basin is based on the basin production percentage (BPP) established by OCWD. The OCWD annually sets the percentage of groundwater that an agency can pump based on their total potable water demand. The BPP fluctuates year by year but it is set uniformly for all Producers. Historically the BPP has ranged between approximately 60% to 80% depending on groundwater conditions, availability of recharge water supplies, and basin management objectives. For 2010/11, the BPP was set at 62 percent.5 As illustrated in Figure 3-1, the BPP is assumed to be at the 65% level for the next 25 years. The remaining demand is projected to be met through imported water from Metropolitan and a small amount of recycled water. The imported water supply numbers shown in this figure represent only the supplemental amount of supplies projected to meet demands and not the full supply capacity. 5 The BPP was changed by OCWD in late April 2010 and effective July 2010 to 62 percent. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-2 Figure 3-1: Current and Projected Water Supplies (AFY) The following sections provide a detailed discussion of the City’s main water sources as well as projections to the City’s future water supply portfolio for the next 25 years. Moreover, this compares projected supply and demand under various hydrological conditions to determine the City’s service reliability for the 25 year planning horizon. This section satisfies the requirements of § 10631 and 10635, and 10620 of the Water Code. 3.2. Imported Water The City relies on imported water purchased from Metropolitan to supplement local groundwater. Metropolitan’s principal sources of water originate from two sources - the Colorado River via the Colorado Aqueduct and the Lake Oroville watershed in Northern California through the SWP. For Orange County this water is treated at the Robert B. Diemer Filtration Plant located north of Yorba Linda. Typically, the Diemer Filtration Plant receives a blend of Colorado River water from Lake Mathews through the Metropolitan Lower Feeder and SWP water through the Yorba Linda Feeder. Currently, approximately 38 percent of the City’s water supply comes from imported water wholesaled by Metropolitan. The City purchases both treated potable and untreated water from Metropolitan. The treated water is delivered through five major feeders; the East Orange County Feeder, Orange County Feeder, Second Lower Feeder, West Orange County Feeder, and Allen-McColloch Pipeline. The City maintains seven connections to 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 22,031 25,263 25,671 26,476 27,036 27,106 44,898 46,917 47,674 49,169 50,209 50,339 220 255 255 255 255 Fiscal Year Ending MET BPP Groundwater Recycled Water ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-3 the above treated Metropolitan feeders and one connection to untreated non-potable water as shown in Table 3-1. The total available capacity is 169.9 cubic feet per second (cfs). Table 3-1: Anaheim’s Imported Water Connections Designation Location Capacity (cfs)[1] A-01 Orange County Feeder 10.0 A-02 Orange County Feeder 10.0 A-03 West Orange County Feeder 12.5 A-04 West Orange County Feeder 15.0 A-05 Orange County Feeder 15.0 A-06 East Orange County Feeder 35.0 A-07 Allen McColloch Pipeline 32.4 A-08 Santiago Lateral 40.0 Total 169.9 cfs = cubic feet per second Untreated Metropolitan water is delivered to the City’s Walnut Canyon Reservoir (WCR), through Metropolitan Connection A-08, via the Santiago Lateral of the Lower Feeder System. The WCR has a total capacity of 2,823 acre-feet (AF) or 920 MG. This water is treated by the City’s LWTP. Together, the WCR and LWTP form a receiving, storage, and treatment facility. 3.2.1. Metropolitan’s 2010 Regional Urban Water Management Plan Metropolitan’s 2010 Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP) reports on its water reliability and identifies projected supplies to meet the long-term demand within its service area. It presents Metropolitan’s supply capacities from 2015 through 2035 under the three hydrologic conditions specified in the Act: single dry-year, multiple dry-years, and average year. Colorado River Supplies Colorado River Aqueduct supplies include supplies that would result from existing and committed programs and from implementation of the Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA) and related agreements to transfer water from agricultural agencies to urban uses. Colorado River transactions are potentially available to supply additional water up to the CRA capacity of 1.25 MAF on an as-needed basis. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-4 State Water Project Supplies Metropolitan’s State Water Project (SWP) supplies have been impacted in recent years by restrictions on SWP operations in accordance with the biological opinions of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fishery Service issued on December 15, 2008 and June 4, 2009, respectively. In dry, below-normal conditions, Metropolitan has increased the supplies received from the California Aqueduct by developing flexible Central Valley/SWP storage and transfer programs. The goal of the storage/transfer programs is to develop additional dry-year supplies that can be conveyed through the available Banks pumping capacity to maximize deliveries through the California Aqueduct during dry hydrologic conditions and regulatory restrictions. In June 2007, Metropolitan’s Board approved a Delta Action Plan that provides a framework for staff to pursue actions with other agencies and stakeholders to build a sustainable Delta and reduce conflicts between water supply conveyance and the environment. The Delta action plan aims to prioritize immediate short-term actions to stabilize the Delta while an ultimate solution is selected, and mid-term steps to maintain the Bay-Delta while the long-term solution is implemented. State and federal resource agencies and various environmental and water user entities are currently engaged in the development of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan (BDCP), which is aimed at addressing the basic elements that include the Delta ecosystem restoration, water supply conveyance, and flood control protection and storage development. In evaluating the supply capabilities for the 2010 RUWMP, Metropolitan assumed a new Delta conveyance is fully operational by 2022 that would return supply reliability similar to 2005 condition, prior to supply restrictions imposed due to the Biological Opinions. Storage Storage is a major component of Metropolitan’s dry year resource management strategy. Metropolitan’s likelihood of having adequate supply capability to meet projected demands, without implementing its Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP), is dependent on its storage resources. In developing the supply capabilities for the 2010 RUWMP, Metropolitan assumed a simulated median storage level going into each of five-year increments based on the balances of supplies and demands. Supply Reliability Metropolitan evaluated supply reliability by projecting supply and demand conditions for the single- and multi-year drought cases based on conditions affecting the SWP (Metropolitan’s largest and most variable supply). For this supply source, the single driest-year was 1977 and the three-year dry period was 1990-1992. Metropolitan’s ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-5 analyses are illustrated in Tables 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4 which correspond to Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP’s Tables 2-11, 2-9 and 2-10, respectively. These tables show that the region can provide reliable water supplies not only under normal conditions but also under both the single driest year and the multiple dry year hydrologies. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-6 Table 3-2: Metropolitan Average Year Projected Supply Capability and Demands for 2015 to 2035 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-7 Table 3-3: Metropolitan Single-Dry Year Projected Supply Capability and Demands for 2015 to 2035 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-8 Table 3-4: Metropolitan Multiple-Dry Year Projected Supply Capability and Demands for 2015 to 2035 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-9 3.2.2. Anaheim’s Imported Water Supply Projections Based on the supply projections in its 2010 RUWMP (as indicated in Tables 3-2 through 3-4), Metropolitan will be able to meet full service demands under all three hydrological scenarios during normal years, single dry year, and multiple dry years). California Water Code section 10631 requires the wholesale agency to provide information to the urban retail water supplier for inclusion in its UWMP that identifies and quantifies the existing and planned sources of water available from the wholesale agency. The water supply projections shown in Table 3-5 represent the amount of supplies projected to meet demands. They do not represent the full supply capacity. Table 3-5: Wholesaler Identified & Quantified Existing and Planned Sources of Water (AFY) Wholesaler Sources Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Metropolitan 25,263 25,671 26,476 27,036 27,106 3.3. Groundwater Local groundwater has been the least expensive and most reliable source of supply for the City. The City relies heavily on the groundwater from the Orange County Groundwater Basin each year. Groundwater supply is projected to account for approximately 65% of the City’s total water supply from 2015 through 2035 in normal and single dry years. A lower BPP of 62% is anticipated for multiple dry years. In the effort to maximize local resources, Metropolitan has partnered with the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana, OCWD, and MWDOC and its member agencies who are groundwater producers in various programs to encourage the development of local resources. Metropolitan’s Groundwater Replenishment Program is a program where a groundwater producer may purchase imported water from Metropolitan at a reduced rate when “surplus” water is available in lieu of extracting groundwater. This program indirectly replenishes the basin by avoiding pumping. This section provides description of the Orange County Groundwater Basin, the management measures taken by OCWD, the basin manager, to optimize local supply and minimize overdraft, historical groundwater production, and the 25-year projection of the City’s groundwater supply. 3.3.1. Orange County Groundwater Basin The Orange County Groundwater Basin underlies the north half of Orange County beneath broad lowlands. The Basin covers an area of approximately 350 square miles, bordered by the Coyote and Chino Hills to the north, the Santa Ana Mountains to the ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-10 northeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and terminates at the Orange County line to the northwest, where its aquifer systems continue into the Central Basin of Los Angeles County. The aquifers comprising this Basin extend over 2,000 feet deep and form a complex series of interconnected sand and gravel deposits. The OCWD was formed in 1933 by a special legislative act of the State of California Legislature to protect and manage the County's vast, natural, underground water supply with the best available technology and to defend its water rights to the Orange County Groundwater Basin. This legislation is found in the State of California Statutes, Water – Uncodified Acts, Act 5683, as amended. The Basin is managed by OCWD under the Act, which functions as a statutorily-imposed physical solution. Section 77 of the Act states that, ‘nothing in this act contained shall be so construed as to affect or impair the vested right of any person, association or corporation to the use of water.6 The Basin is managed by OCWD for the benefit of municipal, agricultural and private groundwater producers. The Basin meets approximately 60 to 70 percent of the water supply demand within the boundaries of OCWD. There are 19 major producers including cities, water districts, and private water companies, extracting water from the Basin serving a population of approximately 2.55 million. 7 Groundwater levels are managed within a safe basin operating range to protect the long- term sustainability of the basin and to protect against land subsidence. In 2007, OCWD established a new methodology for calculating accumulated overdraft and establishing new full-basin benchmarks. 8 Based on OCWD’s 2009 Groundwater Management Plan, the optimal accumulated overdraft is between 100,000 and 434,000 AF. At the top of the range, OCWD will be able to provide at least three years of drought supply. An accumulated overdraft condition minimizes the localized high groundwater levels and increases ability to recharge storm events from the Santa Ana River. At an accumulated overdraft of 200,000 AF, the Basin is considered 99.7 percent full. OCWD estimates that the Basin can safely be operated on a short-term emergency basis with a maximum accumulated overdraft of approximately 500,000 AF. The estimate maximum historical accumulated basin overdraft of 500,000 to 700,000 AF occurred in 1956-579 6 Orange County Water District Act, Section 77. . Until 2007, water level elevations in November 1969 were used as the baseline to represent near-full conditions. The net decrease in storage from 1969 conditions represented the 7 MWDOC and Center for Demographics Research (2008) 8 The Report on Evaluation of Orange County Groundwater Basin Storage and Operational Strategy, published in February 2007, 9 California Department of Water Resources (1967) Progress Report on the Ground Water Geology of the Coastal Plain of Orange County ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-11 accumulated overdraft. Since 1969, the accumulated basin overdraft never exceeded 500,000 AF10 In an effort to eliminate long-term overdraft conditions, OCWD developed a comprehensive computer-based groundwater flow model to study and better understand the Basin’s reaction to pumping and recharge. OCWD manages the Basin by establishing on an annual basis the appropriate level of groundwater production known as the Basin Production Percentage (BPP) as described below. . 3.3.2. Basin Production Percentage No pumping right exists for the Orange County Basin. Total pumping from the basin is managed through a process that uses financial incentives to encourage groundwater producers to pump an aggregate amount of water that is sustainable without harming the Basin. The framework for the financial incentives is based on establishing the BPP which is the percentage of each Producer’s total water supply that comes from groundwater pumped from the basin. Groundwater production at or below the BPP is assessed the Replenishment Assessment (RA). While there is no legal limit as to how much an agency could pump from the Basin, there is a financial disincentive to pumping above the BPP. Pumping above the BPP is also assessed a Basin Equity Assessment (BEA), which is calculated so based on an average of Metropolitan’s Tier 1 and Tier 2 rates. The BPP is set uniformly for all Producers by OCWD on an annual basis. The BPP for the 2008-2009 water year (July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009) was established at 69%. The overall BPP achieved within OCWD for non-irrigation use in the 2008-09 water year was equal to 72.5 percent. The BPP has recently been set at 62 percent for the 2010-2011 water year. For the purpose of this UWMP, the BPP is assumed to be 65 percent from 2015 through 2035 (Table 3-6), given the recently approved GWRS expansion. Table 3-6: Current Basin Production Percentage Basin Name Basin Production Percentage Orange County Groundwater Basin 62% Total 62% The BPP is set based on groundwater conditions, availability of imported water supplies, and Basin management objectives. The BPP is also a major factor in determining the cost of groundwater production from the Basin for that year. When Metropolitan has an abundance of water, they may choose to activate their Groundwater Replenishment 10 Orange County Water District (2009) Groundwater Management Plan ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-12 Program also known as In-Lieu Program, where imported water is purchased in-lieu of pumping groundwater. In some cases, OCWD encourages the pumping of groundwater that does not meet drinking water standards in order to protect water quality. This is achieved by using a financial incentive called the BEA Exemption. A BEA Exemption is used to encourage pumping of groundwater that does not meet drinking water standards in order to clean up and contain the spread of poor quality water. OCWD uses a partial or total exemption of the BEA to compensate a qualified participating agency or Producer for the costs of treating poor-quality groundwater. When OCWD authorizes a BEA exemption for a project, it is obligated to provide the replenishment water for the production above the BPP and forgoes the BEA revenue that OCWD would otherwise receive from the producer. 3.3.3. Recharge Facilities Recharging water into the basin through natural and artificial means is essential to support pumping from the basin. Active recharge of groundwater began in 1949, in response to increasing drawdown of the basin and consequently the threat of seawater intrusion. In 1949, OCWD began purchasing imported Colorado River water from Metropolitan, which was delivered to Orange County via the Santa Ana River upstream of Prado Dam. The Basin’s primary source of recharge is flow from the Santa Ana River. OCWD diverts river flows into recharge basins located in and adjacent to the Santa Ana River and its main Orange County tributary, Santiago Creek. Other sources of recharge water include natural infiltration and recycled water. Today OCWD owns and operates a network of recharge facilities that cover 1,067 acres. An increase in recharge capacity of greater than 10,000 AFY occurred with the addition of the La Jolla Recharge Basin which came online in 2008. The La Jolla Recharge Basin is a 6-acre recharge basin. One of OCWD’s primary efforts has been the control of seawater intrusion into the Basin, especially via the Talbert and Alamitos seawater intrusion barriers. OCWD began addressing the Alamitos Gap intrusion by entering a partnership in 1965 with the Los Angeles County Flood Control District to operate injection wells in the Alamitos Gap. Operation of the injection wells forms a hydraulic barrier to seawater intrusion. To address seawater intrusion in the Talbert Gap, OCWD constructed Water Factory 21, a plant that treated secondary-treated water from the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) to produce purified water for injection. Water Factory 21 operated for approximately 30 years until it was taken off line in 2004. It was replaced by an advanced water treatment system, the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS). The GWRS is a cooperative project between OCWD and OCSD that began operating in 2008. Secondary-treated wastewater from OCSD undergoes treatment consisting of microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation with ultraviolet light and ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-13 hydrogen peroxide. It is the largest water purification project of its kind, Phase 1 of the GWRS began operating in 2008 with a capacity of purifying 72,000 AFY of water. The GWRS provides recharge water for the Talbert Injection Barrier as well as to recharge basins in the City of Anaheim. The Expanded Talbert Injection Barrier included 8 new injection wells which operation began in 2008. The GWRS increased reliable, local water supplies available for barrier injection from 5 MGD to 30 MGD. 3.3.4. Metropolitan Groundwater Replenishment Program OCWD, MWDOC, and Metropolitan have developed a successful and efficient groundwater replenishment program to increase storage in the Orange County Groundwater Basin. The Groundwater Replenishment Program allows Metropolitan to sell groundwater replenishment water to OCWD and make direct deliveries to agency distribution systems in lieu of producing water from the groundwater basin when surplus water is available. This program indirectly replenishes the basin by avoiding pumping. In the in-lieu program, OCWD requests an agency to halt pumping from specified wells. The agency then takes replacement water through its import connections, which is purchased by OCWD from Metropolitan (through MWDOC). OCWD purchases the water at a reduced rate, and then bills the agency for the amount it would have had to pay for energy and the Replenishment Assessment (RA) if it had produced the water from its wells. The deferred local production results in water being left in local storage for future use. In 2008 and 2009, OCWD did not utilize replenishment water because such water was not available to purchase from Metropolitan. 3.3.5. Metropolitan Conjunctive Use Program Since 2004, OCWD, MWDOC, and participating producers have participated in Metropolitan’s Conjunctive Use Program (known as the Metropolitan Long-Term Groundwater Storage Program or Metropolitan CUP). This program allows for the storage of Metropolitan water in the Orange County Groundwater Basin. The existing Metropolitan storage program provides for Metropolitan to store 66,000 AF of water in the basin in exchange for Metropolitan’s contribution to improvements in basin management facilities. These improvements include eight new groundwater production wells, improvements to the seawater intrusion barrier, construction of the Diemer Bypass Pipeline. This water can be withdrawn over a three-year time period. 3.3.6. Historical Groundwater Production Groundwater pumping from the basin has grown from approximately 150,000 AFY in the mid-1950s to over 300,000 AFY. During the water year July 2008 to June 2009, total basin production for all agencies was approximately 324,147 acre-feet (AF). An additional amount of 23,344 AF of groundwater was extracted from the basin as part of Metropolitan’s Long- Term Groundwater Storage Program (Conjunctive Use Program) ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-14 and accounted for as supplemental water for the participating groundwater producers in FY 2008-09.11 Table 3-7 shows the City’s recent groundwater production from the Basin in the past five years from 2005 to 2009. During certain seasons of 2005, 2006, and 2007, OCWD has operated the In-lieu Program with Metropolitan by purchasing water from Metropolitan to meet demands of member agencies rather than pumping water from the groundwater basin. In 2008 and 2009, OCWD did not utilize in-lieu water because such water was not available to purchase from Metropolitan9. The City also participated in the Metropolitan Long-Term Groundwater Storage Program in FY 2008-09 and FY 2009-10. Table 3-7: Amount of Groundwater Pumped in the Past 5 Years (AFY) Basin Name(s) Fiscal Year Ending 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Orange County Groundwater Basin 43,642 41,858 51,935 58,370 53,513 % of Total Water Supply 61% 57% 67% 78% 75% Volume pumped is based on volumetric meter data 3.3.7. Projection of Groundwater Production The mission of the OCWD is to provide local water retailers with a reliable, adequate, high quality water supply at the lowest reasonable cost in an environmentally responsible manner. Efforts have been made to develop and secure new supplies. For example, in December 2008, OCWD secured the rights to divert and use up to 362,000 AFY of Santa Ana River water through a decision of the State Water Resources Control Board. Descriptions of other recent OCWD efforts can be found in OCWD’s 2009 Groundwater Water Management Plan (GWMP) attached as Appendix B. Based on the annual MWDOC survey completed by each Producer in the spring of 2008, the estimated demand for groundwater in the OCWD boundary will increase from 519,000 AFY in 2015 to 558,000 AFY in 2035 representing a 7.5 percent increase over a 20 year period. OCWD’s estimated total annual groundwater production for the water year 2010-2011 is 295,000 AF based on a BPP of 62 percent and includes 22,000 AF of production from water quality improvement projects12 11 2008-2009 Engineer’s Report on Groundwater conditions, Water Supply and Basin Utilization in the Orange County Water District, February 2010 . 12 2008-2009 Engineer’s Report on Groundwater conditions, Water Supply and Basin Utilization in the Orange County Water District, February 2010 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-15 The City owns and operates a network of groundwater wells to supply water to their customers. Table 3-8 shows the amount of groundwater projected to be pumped from the Basin by the City over the next 25 years. Groundwater supply is projected to account for approximately 65% of the City’s total water supply from 2015 through 2035 in normal and single dry years. A lower BPP of 62% is anticipated for multiple dry years. Table 3-8: Amount of Groundwater Projected to be Pumped (AFY) Basin Name Fiscal Year Ending 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Orange County Groundwater Basin 44,898 46,917 47,674 49,169 50,209 50,339 % of Total Water Supply 67% 65% 65% 65% 65% 65% Actual groundwater pumped 3.4. Recycled Water Up until now the City has no recycled water usage due to lack of available supplies. Recently the City entered into an agreement to purchase GWRS water to use at the Canyon Power Plant (CPP) making the City the first industrial user of GWRS water. The City anticipates purchasing approximately 200 AFY starting in 2011 to be used to control and/or reduce air emissions at the CPP. In addition, the City is currently constructing a water recycling demonstration facility at the City Hall complex. In its initial phase, the facility would provide approximately 20 AFY of recycled water for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The City has also completed a Citywide Water Recycling Facilities plan which is described in more detail in Section 6. 3.5. Supply Reliability 3.5.1. Overview It is required that every urban water supplier assess the reliability to provide water service to its customers under normal, dry, and multiple dry water years. The City depends on a combination of imported and local supplies to meet its water demands and has taken numerous steps to ensure it has adequate supplies. Development of groundwater, recycled water system, and desalination opportunities augments the reliability of the imported water system. There are various factors that may impact reliability of supplies such as legal, environmental, water quality and climate change which are discussed below. The water supplies are projected to meet full service demands; Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP finds that Metropolitan is able to meet with existing supplies, full service demands of its member agencies starting 2015 through 2035 during normal years, single dry year, and multiple dry years. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-16 Metropolitan’s 2010 Integrated Water Resources Plan (IRP) update describes the core water resource strategy that will be used to meet full service demands at the retail level under all foreseeable hydrologic conditions from 2015 through 2035. The foundation of Metropolitan’s resource strategy for achieving regional water supply reliability has been to develop and implement water resources programs and activities through its IRP preferred resource mix. This preferred resource mix includes conservation, local resources such as water recycling and groundwater recovery, Colorado River supplies and transfers, SWP supplies and transfers, in-region surface reservoir storage, in-region groundwater storage, out-of-region banking, treatment, conveyance and infrastructure improvements. With the addition of planned supplies under development, Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP finds that Metropolitan will be able to meet full-service demands from 2015 through 2035, even under a repeat of the worst drought. Table 3-9 shows the reliability of the wholesaler’s supply for single dry year and multiple dry year scenarios. Table 3-9: Wholesaler Supply Reliability - % of Normal AFY Multiple Dry Water Years Wholesaler Sources Single Dry Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Metropolitan 100% 100% 100% 100% In addition to meeting full service demands from 2015 through 2035, Metropolitan projects to have reserves and replenishment supplies to refill system storage. Table 3-10 shows the basis of water year data used to predict drought supply availability. Table 3-10: Basis of Water Year Data Water Year Type Base Year Base Year Base Year Normal Water Year Average 1922-2004 Single-Dry Water Year 1977 Multiple-Dry Water Years 1990 1991 1992 3.5.2. Factors Contributing to Reliability The Act requires a description of the reliability of the water supply and vulnerability to seasonal or climatic shortage. The City relies on import supplies provided by Metropolitan. The following are some of the factors identified by Metropolitan that may have an impact on the reliability of Metropolitan supplies. Environment – Endangered species protection actions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Bay-Delta) have resulted in operational constraints to the SWP system. The Bay- Delta’s declining ecosystem caused by agricultural runoff, operation of water pumps and other factors have led to historical restrictions in SWP supply deliveries. SWP delivery ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-17 restrictions due to the biological opinions resulted in the loss of about one-third of the available SWP supplies in 2008. Legal – Listings of additional species under the Endangered Species Act and new regulatory requirements could impact SWP operations by requiring additional export reductions, releases of additional water from storage or other operational changes impacting water supply operations. Additionally, the Quantification Settlement Agreement has been challenged in courts and may have impacts on the Imperial Irrigation District and San Diego County Water Authority transfer. If there are negative impacts, San Diego could become more dependent on the Metropolitan supplies. Water Quality –Water imported from the CRA contains high level of salts. The operational constraint is that this water needs to be blended with SWP supplies to meet the target salinity of 500 mg/L of total dissolved solids (TDS). Another water quality concern is related to quagga mussels. Controlling the spread and impacts of quagga mussels within the Colorado River Aqueduct requires extensive maintenance and results in reduced operational flexibility. Climate Change – Changing climate patterns are expected to shift precipitation patterns and affect water supply. Unpredictable weather patterns will make water supply planning even more challenging. The areas of concern for California include the reduction in Sierra Nevada snowpack, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, and rising sea levels causing increased risk of levee failure. Legal, environmental, and water quality issues may have impacts on Metropolitan supplies. It is felt however climatic factors would have more of an impact than the others. Climatic conditions have been projected based on historical patterns; however severe pattern changes may occur in the future. Table 3-11 shows the factors resulting in inconsistency of supply. Table 3-11: Factors Resulting in Inconsistency of Supply Name of Supply Legal Environmental Water Quality Climatic State Water Project X X Colorado River X X These and other factors are addressed in greater detail in Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP. 3.5.2.1. Water Quality Imported Water - Metropolitan is responsible for providing water of a high quality throughout its service area. The water that Metropolitan delivers is tested both for ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-18 currently regulated contaminants and for additional contaminants of concern as over 300,000 water quality tests are conducted each year to regulate the safety of its waters. Metropolitan’s supplies originate primarily from the CRA and from the State Water Project (SWP). A blend of these two sources, proportional to each year’s availability of the source, is then delivered throughout Metropolitan’s service area. Metropolitan’s primary sources face individual water quality issues of concern. The CRA water source contains a higher level of total dissolved solids (TDS) and a lower level of organic material while the SWP contains a lower TDS level while its level of organic materials is much higher, lending to the formation of disinfection byproducts. To remediate the CRA’s high level of salinity and the SWP’s high level of organic materials, Metropolitan has been blending CRA water with SWP supplies as well as implementing updated treatment processes to decrease the disinfection byproducts. In addition, Metropolitan has been engaged in efforts to protect its Colorado River supplies from threats of uranium, perchlorate, and chromium VI while also investigating the potential water quality impact of emerging contaminants; N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), pharmaceuticals and personal care products Metropolitan has assured its ability to overcome the above mentioned water quality concerns through its protection of source waters, implementation of renovated treatment processes, and blending of its two sources. While unforeseeable water quality issues could alter reliability, Metropolitan’s current strategies ensure the deliverability of high quality water. Groundwater - The OCWD is responsible for managing the Orange County Groundwater Basin. To maintain groundwater quality, OCWD conducts an extensive monitoring program that serves to manage the basin’s groundwater production, control groundwater contamination, and comply with all necessary laws and regulations.13 OCWD recognizes the importance of maintaining the basin’s high water quality. OCWD’s 2009 Groundwater Management Plan Update includes a section labeled, “Water Quality Management,” which discusses the water quality concerns as well as management programs that OCWD is currently involved with. A network of nearly 700 wells provides OCWD a source for samples, which are tested for a variety of purposes. OCWD collects 600 to 1,700 samples each month to monitor the quality of the basin’s water. These samples are collected and tested according to approved federal and state procedures as well as industry-recognized quality assurance and control protocols. 13 The information in this section is referenced from the Groundwater Management Plan 2009 Update “Groundwater Monitoring” section (pages 3-1 through 3-20) and “Water Quality Management” section (pages 5-1 through 5-30). ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-19 Table 3-12 shows the amount in acre-feet per year that water quality would have on supply. Table 3-12: Water Quality – Current and Projected Water Supply Impacts (AFY) Water Source Fiscal Year Ending 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Imported 0 0 0 0 0 0 Local 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5.3. Normal-Year Reliability Comparison The City has entitlements and/or written contracts to receive imported water from Metropolitan via the regional distribution system. Although pipeline capacity rights do not guarantee the availability of water, per se, they do guarantee the ability to convey water when it is available to the Metropolitan distribution system. All imported water supplies assumed in this section are available to the City from existing water transmission facilities. Table 3-13 shows supply and demand under normal year conditions. Imported water supply, projected to be available from Metropolitan, is greater than shown; however, it is not included here since projected demands are met. Table 3-13: Projected Normal Water Supply and Demand (AFY) Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Total Demand 72,400 73,600 75,900 77,500 77,700 Groundwater Supply 46,917 47,674 49,169 50,209 50,339 Recycled Water Supply 220 255 255 255 255 Imported Supply 25,263 25,671 26,476 27,036 27,106 Total Supply 72,400 73,600 75,900 77,500 77,700 3.5.4. Single Dry-Year Reliability Comparison The City has documented that it is 100% reliable for single dry year demands from 2015 through 2035 with a demand increase of 8.7% using FY 2001-02 as the single dry year. Table 3-14 compiles supply and demand projections for a single dry water year. The available imported supply is greater than shown; however, it is not included because all demands are met. The impact of single dry year methodology is attached as Appendix D. Groundwater supply is projected to account for approximately 65% of the City’s total water supply from 2015 through 2035 in single dry years. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 3 Water Sources and Supply Reliability City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 3-20 Table 3-14: Projected Single-Dry Year Water Supply and Demand (AFY) Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Total Demand 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 Groundwater Supply 51,011 51,836 53,461 54,592 54,733 Recycled Water Supply 220 255 255 255 255 Imported Supply 27,468 27,912 28,787 29,396 29,472 Total Supply 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 3.5.5. Multiple Dry-Year Reliability Comparison The City is capable of providing their customers all their demands in multiple dry years from 2015 through 2035 with a demand increase of 8.7% using FY 2001-02 as the multiple dry years. This is true even if the demand projections were to be increased by a large margin. Table 3-15 shows supply and demand projections under multiple dry year conditions. The available imported supply is greater than shown; however, it is not included because all demands are met. The impact of multiple dry year methodology is attached as Appendix D. Groundwater supply is projected to account for approximately 65% of the City’s total water supply from 2015 through 2035 in normal and single dry years. A lower BPP of 62% is anticipated for multiple dry years. Table 3-15: Projected Multiple Dry Year Period Supply and Demand (AFY) Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 First Year Supply Total Demand 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 Groundwater Supply 48,657 49,444 50,994 52,072 52,207 Recycled Water Supply 220 255 255 255 255 Imported Supply 29,822 30,304 31,254 31,915 31,998 Total Supply 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 Second Year Supply Total Demand 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 Groundwater Supply 48,657 49,444 50,994 52,072 52,207 Recycled Water Supply 220 255 255 255 255 Imported Supply 29,822 30,304 31,254 31,915 31,998 Total Supply 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 Third Year Supply Total Demand 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 Groundwater Supply 48,657 49,444 50,994 52,072 52,207 Recycled Water Supply 220 255 255 255 255 Imported Supply 29,822 30,304 31,254 31,915 31,998 Total Supply 78,699 80,003 82,503 84,243 84,460 ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-1 4 4. Demand Management Measures 4.1. Overview Water conservation, often called demand-side management, can be defined as practices, techniques, and technologies that improve the efficiency of water use. Such practices are referred to as demand management measures (DMM). Increased efficiency expands the use of the water resource, freeing up water supplies for other uses, such as population growth, new industry, and environmental conservation. The increasing efforts in water conservation are spurred by a number of factors: growing competition for limited supplies, increasing costs and difficulties in developing new supplies, optimization of existing facilities, delay of capital investments in capacity expansion, and growing public support for the conservation of limited natural resources and adequate water supplies to preserve environmental integrity. The City recognizes the importance of water conservation and has made water use efficiency an integral part of water use planning. The City has been a signatory to the California Urban Water Conservation Council’s (CUWCC) Best Management Practices (BMPs) Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) since 1992. Demand Management Measures as defined by the Act corresponds to the CUWCC’s BMPs. The City is currently implementing all 14 DMMs described in the Act. This section of the UWMP satisfies the requirements of § 10631 & It describes how each DMM is being implemented by the City and how the City evaluates the effectiveness of the DMMs implemented. This section also provides an estimate of existing conservation savings where information is available. 4.2. Water Use Efficiency Programs As Signatory to the CUWCC MOU, the City has committed to use good-faith efforts to implement the 14 cost-effective BMPs. The City has also implemented policy changes and is actively participating in many water conservation activities. In 2008, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 2008-154 (Appendix E) to implement voluntary water conservation measures. To prepare for potential worsening drought conditions and improve outdoor landscape water use efficiency, in 2009, the City’s municipal code Chapter 10.18 of Title 10 Water Reduction Provisions Ordinance No. 6138 (Appendix E) and Chapter 10.19 of Title 10 Landscape Water Efficiency Ordinance No. 6160 (Appendix E) were amended. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-2 Moreover, the City actively participates in various Metropolitan residential and CII rebate programs, as well as regional school and public education and outreach programs, and other programs administered by the Municipal Water District of Orange County (MWDOC). MWDOC implements many of the urban water conservation BMPs on behalf of its member agencies as well as the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana. MWDOC’s 2010 UWMP should be referred to for a detailed discussion of each regional BMP program. MWDOC’s current Water Use Efficiency Program, and the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana following three basic focuses: 1. Regional Program Development – MWDOC develops, obtains funding for, and implements regional BMP programs on behalf of all retail water agencies in Orange County. 2. Local Program Assistance - MWDOC assists retail agencies to develop and implement local programs within their individual service areas. 3. Research and Evaluation – MWDOC conducts research programs which allow an agency to measure the water savings benefits of a specific program and then compare those benefits to the costs of implementing the program in order to evaluate the economic feasibility of the program. At the local level, the City develops and manages DMM programs for the Anaheim community. Table 4-1 provides an overview of City’s DMM program status. Table 4-1: Urban Supplier’s Demand Management Measures Overview DMM # Demand Management Measure (DMM) DMM Status Past Current Future 1 Residential Water Surveys X 2 Residential Plumbing Retrofits X 3 System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair X 4 Metering with Commodity Rates X 5 Large Landscape Conservation Programs X 6 High-Efficiency Washing Machine Rebates X 7 Public Information Programs X 8 School Education Programs X 9 Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Programs X 10 Wholesale Agency Assistance N/A 11 Conservation Pricing X 12 Conservation Coordinator X 13 Water Waste Prohibition X 14 Residential ULFT Replacement Programs X ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-3 4.2.1. DMM 1: Water Survey Programs for Single-Family Residential and Multi-Family Residential Customers Residential Survey Program - Free residential indoor and outdoor water use surveys are offered through the City’s Home Utility Checkup Program. The City also participates in a regional landscape program aimed at helping residential and small commercial customers to be more water efficient through Metropolitan as explained below. The City also participates in Metropolitan’s regional landscape programs to affect water conservation in both single-family and multi-family residential customers. These regional landscape programs are explained below. Smart Timer Rebate Program - The Smart Timer Rebate Program started in FY 2004/05. Under this regional program, residential and small commercial properties are eligible for a rebate when they purchase and install a weather-based irrigation controller which has the potential to save approximately 41 gallons per day per residence and reduce runoff and pollution by 49%. Once residents are enrolled in the rebate program, a detailed residential outdoor water survey is conducted to inspect the irrigation system, distribution uniformity, and irrigated area. Water savings from the program can be estimated from information obtained from the water surveys pre- and post-installation of the Smart Timer. As of FY 2010-11, 67 rebates have been given out to residential customers and 256 rebates to small commercial customers which translate to a water savings of 585 acre-feet. The City will continue to provide on-site meetings, literature and incentives related to this program. As part of the Metropolitan Grant for the SmarTimers a site audit and inspection is required and provided by contract through MWDOC. Rotating Nozzle Rebate Program – This rebate program started in 2007 and is offered to both residential and commercial customers. Through this program, site owners will purchase and install rotary nozzles in existing irrigation systems. Following the submittal of a rebate application, water bill, and original purchase receipt, a third party installation verification contractor will perform installation verifications on up to 100% of the sites that installed devices. As of FY 2010-11 the total rotating nozzle program participation includes 996 residential and 164 small and 105 large commercial customers representing 17.2 acre-feet of savings, collectively, since the beginning of the program. California Friendly Landscape Training (Residential) - The California Friendly Landscape Training provides education to residential homeowners and professional landscape contractors on a variety of landscape water efficiency practices they can employ. These classes are hosted by Metropolitan and/or the retail agencies to encourage participation across the county. The residential training program consists of either a half- day Mini Class or individual, topic-specific, four-hour classes. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-4 4.2.2. DMM 2: Residential Plumbing Retrofit The City participated in Metropolitan’s showerhead distribution program which began in 1991. To determine whether the 75% saturation requirement was achieved within Orange County, the Orange County Saturation Study was conducted by MWDOC and Metropolitan in 2001. Data was obtained through telephone surveys and on-site inspections. Using the saturation findings of the study, MWDOC estimates that today low flow showerhead saturation is at nearly 100% for single-family homes and at 94% for multi-family homes in Orange County. As a result, the City does not have plans for any future showerhead distributions. The City also offers installation of other low-flow devices, including toilet displacement devices, faucet aerators, and toilet flappers through the City’s Home Utility Checkup Program described above. Additionally, the City participated in MWDOC’s regional ultra low flow toilet (ULFT) rebate program which ended in 2007. A total of 43,625 ULFTs were rebated under this program to single-family and multi-family homes representing a cumulative water savings of 15,470 acre-feet. The high efficiency toilet rebate program has since replaced the ULFT program as discussed under DMM 14. 4.2.3. DMM 3: System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair The City’s prescreening audit has determined that 96-99% of total supply into the system (imported water and pumped groundwater) is typically captured in sales. According to MWDOC’s 2009 Water Rate Survey, 97.6% of the City’s total supplies are captured in sales. A full audit is not required when the prescreening audit result is equal to or greater than 90%. The City conducts leak detection surveys in critical areas of the City and/or in areas with a history of main breaks. These surveys are able to detect very small water leaks so they can be repaired prior to becoming large leaks or main breaks. Any confirmed leaks are quickly repaired and are resurveyed to confirm no further leakage. For any water leaks detected on the customer side of the meter, the City notifies the customer to correct the internal water leaks. The City tracks and analyzes main break reports to identify areas of multiple main breaks due to pockets of corrosive soils in the Anaheim Hills area. The City has systemically been replacing the mains in these areas with non-metallic pipes. These preventative measures along with employing proper design and inspection of the new main construction contribute to the lower than average main breaks in Anaheim. Additionally, the City has established emergency response plan for expeditious response to main breaks, to shut off the water, make the repair, and restore service to our ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-5 customers. To better respond to emergencies, the City has established management and field stand-by programs that have proven effective in responding to main breaks. 4.2.4. DMM 4: Metering with Commodity Rates All existing connections within the City’s service area are metered. Residential customers are billed and commercial/industrial customers are billed The City requires individual metering for all new connections and bills by volume-of-use. The City also utilizes dedicated irrigation metering at municipal facilities. The utility billing rate structure contains a fixed rate and a commodity charge based on the volume of water used. The City employs a “uniform” rate structure which is described under DMM 11 in Section 4.2.11 below. 4.2.5. DMM 5: Large Landscape Conservation Programs and Incentives The City adopted Ordinance No. 6160 amending Chapter 10.19 of Title 10 of Anaheim Municipal Code in its entirety relating to landscape water efficiency. The new ordinance is in accordance with AB 1881 and became effective January 1, 2010. The purpose of the ordinance is to establish an alternative model acceptable under AB 1881 as being as effective as the State Model Landscape Water Efficiency Ordinance in order to: • Promote the benefits of consistent landscape ordinances with neighboring local and regional agencies; • Promote the values and benefits of landscapes while recognizing the need to invest in water and other resources as efficiently as possible; • Establish a structure for planning, designing, installing, and maintaining and managing water efficient landscapes in new construction and rehabilitated projects; • Establish provisions for water management practices and water waste prevention for existing landscapes; • Use water efficiently without waste by setting a Maximum Applied Allowance as an upper limit for water use and reduce water use to the lowest practical amount; and • Encourage the use of economic incentives that promote the efficient use of water, such as implementing conservation pricing. A copy of Ordinance 6160 is provided in Appendix E. The City collaborates with Metropolitan and MWDOC on several large landscape water use efficiency programs. Many of Metropolitan’s landscape water use efficiency programs target both residential and commercial customers as described under DMM 1. Programs which specifically assist large landscape customers are summarized below: ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-6 Save Water Save A Buck Rebate Program – As a member agency of Metropolitan, the City takes part in the Save Water Save a Buck Rebate Program which offers financial incentives to CII customers who purchase approved weather-based irrigation controllers (smart timers), Central Computer Irrigation Controller, rotating nozzles for pop-up spray head retrofits, and large rotary nozzles. Water savings achieved through this program is tracked by the City and MWDOC. As of FY 2010-11, the total rotating nozzle program participation includes 996 residential and 164 small and 105 large commercial customers representing 17.18 acre-feet of savings, collectively. A total of 67 smart timer rebates have been given out to residential customers and 256 smart timers rebates to commercial customers translating to 585 acre- feet of savings, collectively. California Friendly Landscape Training – The California Friendly Landscape Training provides education to residential homeowners and professional landscape contractors on a variety of landscape water efficiency practices they can employ. These classes are hosted by Metropolitan and/or the member agencies to encourage participation across the county. The Professional Training Program course consists of four consecutive classes in landscape water management, each building upon principles presented in the preceding class. Each participant receives a bound handbook containing educational materials for each class. These classes are offered throughout the year and taught in both English and Spanish languages. Landscape Performance Certification Program (LPCP) – This is a MWDOC- administered program which started in 2004. The City’s participation began in FY2009/10. The LPCP program is a free water management training program sponsored by MWDOC and Metropolitan and offered to CII customers with dedicated irrigation meters. The program also helps create site specific water budgets and track water use for each participating site. As of FY 2010-11, a total of 142 landscape meters within the City’s service area have participated in this program. To date, the overall water savings is 12.4 acre-feet. Large Landscape Water Use Survey Program - Anaheim offers a large landscape water use survey program free for Anaheim businesses with irrigated, large landscape areas. Consultants will review the water-use history of the property and a thorough on-site audit is performed to make sure that water is being applied efficiently, including “catch can” test, flow tests, and irrigation inspections and scheduling. A written evaluation of the irrigation system’s performance with recommendations to efficiently maintain the existing landscape is provided to the property owner. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-7 4.2.6. DMM 6: High-Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Programs The City participates in the SoCal Water Smart residential rebate program offered by Metropolitan. This program offers financial incentives to single-family and multifamily residential customers through the form of a rebate for various landscape products as described under DMM 1 in Section 4.2.1 and clothes washers as described below. Orange County residents are eligible to receive an $85 rebate when they purchase of a new High Efficiency Clothes Washer (HECW). This program began in 2001 and is sponsored by MWDOC, Metropolitan, and local retail water agencies. Metropolitan recently ended this program in 2011. Applications must have been postmarked by December 6, 2010 to qualify for a rebate. Rebates are available on a first-come, first- served basis, while funds last. Participants must be willing to allow an inspection of the installed machine for verification of program compliance. To qualify for a rebate, the HECW must have a water factor of 4.0 or less. An HECW with a water factor of 4 will use approximately 15 gallons of water per load compared to a conventional top-loading clothes washer which can use 40 gallons or more per load. Depending on use, these machines can save 10,000 gallons of water per year. Participants are encouraged to contact their local gas and/or electric utility as additional rebates may be available. As of FY 2010-11, the City has given out 8,185 high-efficiency washing machine rebates to its customers. This equates to a water savings of 1,195 acre-feet. 4.2.7. DMM 7: Public Information Programs Most of the City’s public information programs are ongoing and will be continued at the present level or expanded. The main goal is to help the public understand current issues and the challenges, opportunities and costs involved in securing a reliable supply of high quality water. There is no method to evaluate the water savings attributable to this DMM, however, the City will continue to administer this DMM for its ability to educate and interact with customers. City of Anaheim’s Local Public Information Programs The City’s public education programs and outreach efforts are aimed at increasing public awareness of the need to make conservation part of the California lifestyle. Since 2007, Anaheim has made significant investments in raising public awareness of water supply challenges and the need for conservation. Marketing efforts include print articles, advertisements, and public service announcements on Anaheim Community TV, website banners, bus shelter ads, sponsorships, and student video contests, including: ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-8 • Water Pipeline: A electronic newsletter designed to provide information on water issues. Subscribers include residents, businesses, policy makers and visitors. • Conservation Door Hanger: Door hangers are used as friendly reminders to reduce water waste. Anaheim has been has been working with different departments to reach out to our customers. • Anaheim 311: A convenient, non-emergency hotline that allows residents, businesses and visitors to contact the City by dialing 311. Customers are also able to report water waste. • Anaheim Anytime: A web-based customer response management system that provides easy access for the public to submit conservation questions or report water waste 24 hours a day. Anaheim also maintains an active public information program to promote and educate customers about water conservation. Public outreach booths are provided at community events throughout the year to promote water conservation programs and distribute water- saving devices. In addition, water conservation program flyers are displayed in Anaheim libraries, community centers and police stations. Furthermore, helpful water saving tips, low water use landscaping resources, and customer success stories are routinely published in newsletters, local newspapers, and the City’s Water Conservation website. Moreover, the City Council, by proclamation, declares each May as Water Awareness Month in Anaheim. The 18 winning posters from our children’s Water Conservation Poster Contest are prominently displayed in the City Hall lobby; and the winners are honored during a pre-game Angel’s baseball ceremony on the field at Angel Stadium. Water saving devices and program literature are distributed at our Water Awareness booth at the local Farmer’s Market. Also during May, we participate in the Orange County Children’s Water Education Festival, the largest event of its kind in the nation. Approximately 6,000 elementary school children learn about conservation, environmental protection, and stewardship of natural resources through 70 interactive, hands-on educational demonstrations. We also sponsor local high school teams at the Solar Cup event each year. Each team builds a solar-powered boat to race in the event, and builds and displays a model of a solar-energy solution to a water-related problem or issue. MWDOC’s Regional Public Information Programs MWDOC currently offer a wide range of public information programs in Orange County in collaboration with its member agencies as well as the cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, and Santa Ana. Current regional public information programs within the MWDOC’s service area are summarized below. Water Facility Inspection Trip Program - The inspection trip program is sponsored by MWDOC and Metropolitan. Each year, Orange County elected officials, residents, business owners, and community leaders are invited to attend educational inspection trips ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-9 to tour key water facilities throughout the state of California. The goal is to educate members of our community about planning, procurement and management of southern California’s water supply and the issues surrounding delivery and management of this vital resource. The City also coordinates with neighboring agencies to organize similar tours for its board members, elected officials, and staff. O.C. Water Hero Program - The goal of this program is to engage children in water use efficiency activities while facilitating discussion with friends and family members about how to save water. Any Orange County child can become a Water Hero by pledging to save 20 gallons of water per day. In exchange for their pledge, they receive a free Water Hero kit, which includes a variety of fun, water-saving items like a 5-minute shower timer and “fix-it” ticket pad for busting water wasters. To become a Superhero, a student must get their parents to also pledge to save 20 gallons of water per day. To date, more than 13,000 children in Orange County have become Water Heroes and more than 4,000 have become Superheroes. eCurrents - This electronic newsletter is designed to keep Orange county water agencies, residents and businesses, stakeholder groups, opinion leaders, and others apprised of MWDOC news, programs, events, and activities. The publication also serves to keep readers informed about regional, state, and federal issues affecting water supply, water management, water quality, and water policy and regulation. Water Advisory Committee of Orange County (WACO) - WACO was formed in 1983 to facilitate the introduction, discussion, and debate of current and emerging water issues among Orange County policymakers and water professionals. The committee’s membership has evolved to include elected officials and management staff from Orange County cities and water districts, engineers, attorneys, consultants, and other industry professionals. meetings are open to the public and are typically held on the first Friday of each month at 7:30 a.m. 4.2.8. DMM 8: School Education Programs In partnership with MWDOC and the Discovery Science Center, the City offer its elementary schools grade-specific, assembly-style presentations that teach children about the water cycle, the importance and value of water, and the personal responsibility each one of us has to protect this vital resource. In 2009/10, over 13,000 students attended. Elementary school students are also encouraged to participate in the MWDOC’s “Be A Water Hero” water conservation pledge program, in which students pledge to save water and receive a free gift for being a “Water Hero”. Cumulatively, the school education has reached 109,778 Anaheim elementary students through these water education opportunities since 1998. MWDOC’s school education programs are described below. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-10 While it is not feasible for the City to evaluate the water savings of this DMM, the City will continue to consider this DMM as vital and necessary. Water Education School Program - One of the most successful and well-recognized water education curriculums in Southern California is MWDOC's Water Education School Program. For more than 30 years, School Program mascot "Ricki the Rambunctious Raindrop" has been educating students in grades K-5 about the water cycle, the importance and value of water, and the personal responsibility we all have as environmental stewards. The School Program features assembly-style presentations that are grade-specific and performed on-site at the schools. The program curriculum is aligned with the science content standards established by the State of California. Since its inception in 1973, nearly three million Orange County students have been educated through the School Program. In 2004, MWDOC formed an exciting partnership with Discovery Science Center that has allowed both organizations to reach more Orange County students each year and provide them with even greater educational experiences in the areas of water and science. Discovery Science Center currently serves as the School Program administrator, handling all of the program marketing, bookings, and program implementation. During the 2010- 11 school year, more than 70,000 Orange County students will be educated through the program. Water Education Poster & Slogan Contest - Each year, MWDOC holds a Water Education Poster and Slogan Contest to increase water awareness. To participate, children in grades K-6 develop posters and slogans that reflect a water awareness message. The goal is to get children thinking about how they can use water wisely and to facilitate discussion about water between children and their friend, parents, and teachers. Each year, more than 1,500 poster and slogan entries are received through the contest. During a special judging event, approximately 16 posters and 10 slogans are selected as the winners. All of the winners – and their parents, teachers, and principals – are invited to attend a special awards ceremony with Ricki Raindrop at Discovery Science Center. At the awards ceremony, the winners are presented with their framed artwork as well as a custom t-shirt featuring their poster or slogan, a trophy, a certificate, and other fun water- saving prizes. Fullerton students consistently win top honors in the poster and slogan contest and these students and their teachers are recognized by the City Council. Orange County Children’s Water Education Festival - The largest water education festival of its kind is the annual Children’s Water Education Festival (Festival). The Festival is presented by OCWD, the National Water Research Institute, Disneyland ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-11 Resort, and MWDOC. Each year, more than 5,000 Orange County students participate in the Festival over the course of this two-day event. The Festival is currently held at the Richard Nixon Library and in Yorba Linda, California. The Festival presents a unique opportunity to educate students in grades four through six about local water issues and help them understand how they can protect our water resources and the environment. Students attend the Festival with their teacher and classmates, visiting a variety of booths focused on different water-related topics throughout the day. Participating organizations (presenters) engage the students through interactive educational presentations that are aligned with the science content standards established by the State of California. Metropolitan’s Solar Cup competition - The City is a sponsor of Metropolitan’s Solar Cup competition where high school students within Metropolitan’s service area compete to build and race solar-powered boats. The program extends the messages of water conservation and renewable resources to high school students in Southern California. 4.2.9. DMM 9: Conservation Programs for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Accounts The City has met the CUWCC BMP requirement for ranking consumption by CII accounts and will continue to conduct CII surveys. The City also offers financial incentives under Metropolitan’s Save Water Save A Buck Rebate Program which offers rebates for various water efficient devices to CII customers. Save Water Save a Buck – This program began in 2002 and offers rebates to assist CII customers in replacing high-flow plumbing fixtures with low-flow fixtures. Facilities where low-flow devices are installed must be located in Orange County. Rebates are available only on those devices listed in Table 4-2 below and must replace higher water use devices. Installation of devices is the responsibility of each participant. Participants may purchase and install as many of the water saving devices as is applicable to their site. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-12 Table 4-2: Retrofit Devices and Rebate Amounts Available Under Save Water Save a Buck Program Retrofit Device Rebate Amount High Efficiency Toilet $50 Ultra-Low-Water or Zero Water Urinal $200 Connectionless Food Steamers $485 per compartment Air-Cooled Ice Machines (Tier III) $300 Cooling Tower Conductivity Controller $625 pH / Conductivity Controller $1,750 Dry Vacuum Pumps $125 per HP Water Pressurized Broom $110 As of FY 2010/11, the City’s CII customers have installed a total 9,290 water-saving fixtures representing a water savings of 3,104 acre-feet. The City will continue to educate CII customers to meet the DMM requirements. The City offers water-use surveys to all CII customers through its Water Use Survey Program and financial incentives to both small and large CII customers that install permanent water saving projects, equipment or measures through its Industrial Process Improvement and Commercial Water Incentives programs. Other programs available to the City’s CII Customers include its Large Landscape Survey Program, Hotel/Motel Linen Card Program, and SmarTimer Irrigation Controller Rebate Program. 4.2.10. DMM 10: Wholesale Agency Programs The City purchases a portion of its water supply from Metropolitan, the largest wholesale water agency in Southern California. Therefore, Metropolitan is responsible for the implementation and reporting requirements of this BMP. 4.2.11. DMM 11: Conservation Pricing The City has a “uniform” rate structure where the rate per unit of water is constant regardless of the quantity used. During a drought, the City Council, by resolution, may activate the City’s Water Reduction Provisions Ordinance No. 6138 to implement an appropriate Water Reduction Plan. Each Water Reduction Plan outlines water saving measures to curtail water use when conditions warrant. In addition, rates may be adjusted to encourage conservation and to account for decreased revenue that results from decreased water consumption during droughts. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 4 Demand Management Measures City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 4-13 4.2.12. DMM 12: Water Conservation Coordinator The City has a full-time Conservation Coordinator who is responsible for implementing the BMPs. This is accomplished by establishing water-efficiency programs for the City’s residential and commercial customers. Some programs may require close coordination with local wholesale and retail water suppliers, and special districts. 4.2.13. DMM 13: Water Waste Prohibition Under Ordinance No. 6138, the City Council may implement a Water Reduction Plan within the City’s water service area to significantly reduce the consumption of water. The ordinance establishes three levels of Water Reduction Plans, ranging from voluntary measures in level 1 to catastrophic water reduction condition in level 3. Section 5 describes this ordinance in more detail. The City has not conducted an evaluation of the water savings attributable to this DMM. 4.2.14. DMM 14: Residential Ultra-Low-Flush Toilet Replacement Programs Over the past 19 years, the City has continuously participated in MWDOC’s regional ULFT Rebate and Distribution Program targeting single- and multi-family homes in Orange County. Since the end of distribution program in 2004, MWDOC’s program has focused solely on providing rebate incentives for retrofitting non-efficient devices with either ULFTs or High Efficiency Toilets (HETS) – toilets using 1.28 gallons per flush or less. The ULFT portion of this program concluded in December 2007, and 363,926 ULFTs were replaced in single family and multi-family homes, with an overall program to date savings of approximately 138,457 acre feet of water. The HET rebate program, which concluded in 2010, has incentivized over 26,000 devices, with an overall program to date savings of approximately 3,419 acre-feet. To date 43,625 ULFTs and 3,837 HETs have been installed within the City’s service area representing a combined water savings of 15,949 acre-feet. The City has met the CUWCC BMP coverage requirements for this DMM. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-1 5 5. Water Supplies Contingency Plan 5.1. Overview Recent water supply challenges throughout the American Southwest and the State of California have resulted in the development of a number of policy actions that water agencies would implement in the event of a water shortage. In Southern California, the development of such policies has occurred at both the wholesale and retail level. This section describes how new and existing policies that Metropolitan and the City have in place to respond to water supply shortages, including a catastrophic interruption and up to a 50 percent reduction in water supply. 5.2. Shortage Actions Metropolitan As an importer of water from multiple sources, including both the Colorado River and Sierra Nevada, a number of water supply challenges have impacted the reliability of Metropolitan’s imported supplies. In response to these challenges, Metropolitan has implemented existing policies as well as developed new ones. The first action that Metropolitan implements in the event of a water shortage is the suspension and/or reduction of its interruptible supplies, which are supplies sold at a discount in return for the buyers agreeing to be the first to be cutback in the event of a shortage. Metropolitan currently has two interruptible programs for agricultural users and groundwater replenishment, under which supplies were either suspended or reduced in 2007. In addition, in preparation for the possibility of being unable to the meet “firm demands” (non-interruptible supplies) of its member agencies, in February 2008, the Metropolitan’s Board of Directors (Board) adopted the Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP), which was subsequently updated in June 2009, and was terminated in April 2011 due to wet weather conditions in the state. Metropolitan’s WSAP includes the specific formula for calculating member agency supply allocations and the key implementation elements needed for administering an allocation. Metropolitan’s WSAP is the foundation for the urban water shortage contingency analysis required under Water Code Section 10632 and is part of Metropolitan’s 2010 Regional Urban Water Management Plan (RUWMP). ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-2 Metropolitan’s WSAP was developed in consideration of the principles and guidelines described in Metropolitan’s 1999 Water Surplus and Drought Management Plan (WSDM), with the objective of creating an equitable needs-based allocation. The plan’s formula seeks to balance the impacts of a shortage at the retail level while maintaining equity on the wholesale level for shortages of Metropolitan supplies of up to 50 percent. The formula takes into account: impact on retail customers and the economy; growth and population; changes in supply conditions; investments in local resources; demand hardening aspects of non-potable recycled water use; implementation of conservation savings program; participation in Metropolitan’s interruptible programs; and investments in facilities. The formula is calculated in three steps: base period calculations, allocation year demand calculations, and supply allocation calculations. The first two steps involve standard computations, while the third section contains specific methodology developed for the WSAP. Step 1: Base Period Calculations – The first step in calculating a water supply allocation is to estimate water supply and demand using a historical based period with established water supply and delivery data. The base period for each of the different categories of demand and supply is calculated using data from the three most recent non-shortage years, 2004-2006. Step 2: Allocation Year Demand Calculations – The next step in calculating the water supply allocation is estimating water needs in the allocation year. This is done by adjusting the base period estimates of retail demand for population or economic growth and changes in local supplies. Step 3: Supply Allocation Calculations – The final step is calculating the water supply allocation for each member agency based on the allocation year water needs identified in Step 2. Each element and its application in the allocation formula are discussed in detail in Metropolitan’s WSAP. In order to implement the WSAP, the Metropolitan Board makes a determination on the level of the regional shortage, based on specific criteria, in April each year. If it is determined allocations are necessary, they go into effect in July for that year and remain for a 12-month period, although the schedule is at the discretion of Metropolitan’s Board. Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP forecasts that Metropolitan will be able to meet projected firm demands throughout the forecast period from 2015 to 2035. However, these projections do not mean that Metropolitan would not implement its WSAP during this period. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-3 City of Anaheim During a water shortage period, the Public Utilities Department (Department) will determine the extent of the conservation required based on water supply availability from its groundwater and imported water sources. As a Metropolitan member agency, the City will follow Metropolitan’s adopted WSDM Plan. The WSDM Plan guides the management of regional water supplies to achieve the reliability goals of Metropolitan’s IRP. Depending on the severity of the water shortage, the Department will recommend to City Council the adoption of one of the following Water Reduction Plans (Ordinance No. 6138) to meet customer water demands. • Under Water Reduction Plan I, all persons and Customers of the Department shall be encouraged to reduce water usage on a voluntary basis. The City Council may, by resolution, identify specific or example water conservation measures to address the potential reduction in water supplies. • Under Water Reduction Plan II, measures implemented as part of Water Reduction Plan I still apply and the City Council may, by resolution, order the implementation or amendment to the Water Reduction Rates (which are designed to recover penalties assessed by Metropolitan for exceeding the City’s respective allocation), to further encourage reduction in water use. • Under Water Reduction Plan III, City Council-approved Department recommendations specified in Plan II continue. The Department may recommend to the City Council the adoption of mandatory conservation measures. The Department is authorized to shut off water supply to dedicated irrigation uses if the Department determines that the City’s water supplies are being diverted by irrigation water demands such that it impacts public health and safety or essential services such as fire, police, and emergency services. The City is responsible for monitoring and evaluating the projected supply and customer water demand. Table 5-1 shows the water shortage stages and conditions used as a guideline for recommending the appropriate Water Reduction Plan. Table 5-1: Water Supply Shortage Stages and Conditions – Reduction Stages Stage No. Water Supply Conditions % Shortage Water Reduction Plan I Minimal 5% to 10% Plan I II Moderate 11% to 15% Plan II/III III Severe 16% to 50% Plan III ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-4 5.3. Three-Year Minimum Water Supply As a matter of practice, Metropolitan does not provide annual estimates of the minimum supplies available to its member agencies. As such, Metropolitan member agencies must develop their own estimates for the purposes of meeting the requirements of the Act. Section 135 of the Metropolitan Water District Act declares that a member agency has the right to invoke its “preferential right” to water, which grants each member agency a preferential right to purchase a percentage of Metropolitan’s available supplies based on specified, cumulative financial contributions to Metropolitan. Each year, Metropolitan calculates and distributes each member agency’s percentage of preferential rights. However, since Metropolitan’s creation in 1927, no member agency has ever invoked these rights as a means of acquiring limited supplies from Metropolitan. As an alternative to preferential rights, Metropolitan adopted the Water Shortage Allocation Plan (WSAP) in February 2008. Under the WSAP, member agencies are allowed to purchase a specified level of supplies without the imposition of penalty rates. The WSAP uses a combination of estimated total retail demands and historical local supply production within the member agency service area to estimate the firm demands on Metropolitan from each member agency in a given year. Based on a number of factors, including storage and supply conditions, Metropolitan then determines whether it has the ability to meet these firm demands or will need to allocate its limited supplies among its member agencies. Thus, implicit in Metropolitan’s decision not to implement an allocation of its supplies is that at a minimum Metropolitan will be able to meet the firm demands identified for each of the member agencies. In order to estimate the minimum available supplies from Metropolitan for the period 2011-2013, an analysis was performed to assess the likelihood that Metropolitan would re-implement mandatory water use restrictions in the event of a 1990-92 hydrologic conditions over this period. Specific water management actions during times of water shortage are governed by Metropolitan’s Water Shortage and Drought Management Plan (WSDM Plan). Adopted by the Metropolitan Board in 1999, the WSDM Plan provides a general framework for potential storage actions during shortages, but recognizes that storage withdrawals are not isolated actions but part of a set of resource management actions along with water transfers and conservation. As such, there is no specific criterion for which water management actions are to be taken at specific levels of storage. The implementation of mandatory restrictions is solely at the discretion of the Metropolitan Board and there are no set criteria that require the Board to implement restrictions. Given these conditions, the analysis relies upon a review of recent water operations and transactions that Metropolitan has implemented during recent drought. The first step in the analysis was a review of projected SWP allocations to Metropolitan, based on historical hydrologies. As with the recent drought, potential impacts to SWP ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-5 supplies from further drought and the recently implemented biological opinions are anticipated to be the biggest challenges facing Metropolitan in the coming three years. A review of projected SWP allocations from the DWR’s State Water Project Delivery Reliability Report 2009 (2009 SWP Reliability Report) was made to estimate a range of conservative supply assumptions regarding the availability of SWP supplies. The 2009 SWP Reliability Report provides estimates of the current (2009) and future (2029) SWP delivery reliability and incorporates regulatory requirements for SWP and CVP operations in accordance with USFWS and NMFS biological opinions. Estimates of future reliability also reflect potential impacts of climate change and sea level rise. The analysis assumes a maximum SWP allocation available to Metropolitan of 2,011,500 AF and a Metropolitan storage level of 1,700,000 AF at 2010 year-end. The analysis also assumes a stable water supply from the Colorado River in the amount of 1,108,000 AF through 2015. Although the Colorado River watershed has also experienced drought in recent years, Metropolitan has implemented a number of supply programs that should ensure that supplies from this source are relatively steady for the next three years. Based on estimated “firm” demands on Metropolitan of 2.12 MAF, the annual surplus or deficit was calculated for each year of the three-year period, as shown in Table 5-2. A review of recent Metropolitan water management actions under shortage conditions was then undertaken to estimate the level of storage withdrawals and water transfers that Metropolitan may exercise under the 1990-92 hydrologic conditions were identified. For this analysis, it was assumed that, if Metropolitan storage levels were greater than 2 MAF at the beginning of any year, Metropolitan would be willing to take up to 600 TAF out of storage in that year. Where Metropolitan storage supplies were between 1.2 MAF and 2 MAF at the beginning of the year, it was assumed that Metropolitan would be willing to take up to 400 TAF in that year. At storage levels below 1.2 MAF, it was assumed that Metropolitan would take up to 200 TAF in a given year. It was also assumed that Metropolitan would be willing to purchase up to 300 TAF of water transfer in any given year. For years where demands still exceeded supplies after accounting for storage withdrawals, transfer purchases were estimated and compared against the 300 TAF limit. Table 5-2: Metropolitan Shortage Conditions Study Year Actual Year SWP Allocation SWP (AF) CRA (AF) Total (AF) Demand (AF) Surplus/ Shortage (AF) Storage at YE (AF) Transfers (AF) 2011 1990 30% 603,450 1,108,000 1,711,450 2,124,000 (400,000) 1,300,000 (12,550) 2012 1991 27% 542,820 1,108,000 1,650,820 2,123,000 (200,000) 1,100,000 (272,180) 2013 1992 26% 522,990 1,108,000 1,630,990 2,123,000 (200,000) 900,000 (292,010) ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-6 Based on the analysis above, Metropolitan would be able to meet firm demands under the driest three-year hydrologic scenario using the recent water management actions described above without re-implementing the WSAP for its member agencies. Given the assumed absence of an allocation, the estimated minimum imported water supplies available to the City from Metropolitan is assumed to be equal to Metropolitan’s estimate of demand for firm supplies for the City, which Metropolitan uses when considering whether to impose mandatory restrictions. Thus, the estimate of the minimum imported supplies available to the City is 31,696 AF14 As captured in its 2010 RUWMP, Metropolitan believes that the water supply and demand management actions it is undertaking will increase its reliability throughout the 25-year period addressed in its plan. Thus for purposes of this estimate, it is assumed that Metropolitan will be able to maintain the identified supply amounts throughout the three year period. . Metropolitan projects reliability for full service water demands through the year 2035. Additionally, through a variety of groundwater reliability programs conducted by OCWD and participated in by the City, local supplies are projected to meet full service demand levels. Based on the Metropolitan Water Supply Allocation Plan (WSAP), the City is expected to fully meet demands for the next three years assuming Metropolitan is not in shortage, a BPP of 62% for Local Supplies, and zero allocations are imposed for Imported Supplies. The Three Year Estimated Minimum Water Supply is listed in Table 5-3. Table 5-3: Three-Year Estimated Minimum Water Supply (AFY) Source Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 2010/2011 2011/2012 2012/2013 Local Water 45,000 45,000 45,000 Imported Water 31,696 31,696 31,696 Total 76,696 76,696 76,696 5.4. Catastrophic Supply Interruption Given the great distances that imported supplies travel to reach Orange County, the region is vulnerable to interruptions along hundreds of miles of aqueducts, pipelines and other facilities associated with delivering the supplies to the region. Additionally, this water is distributed to the City’s customers through an intricate network of water mains that are susceptible to damage from earthquakes and other disasters. 14 Metropolitan 2010/11 Water Shortage Allocation Plan model (March 2011) ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-7 Metropolitan Metropolitan has comprehensive action plans to address a catastrophic interruption in water supplies through its WSDM and WSAP Plans. Metropolitan has also developed an Emergency Storage Requirement to mitigate against potential interruption in water supplies resulting from catastrophic occurrences within the southern California region, including seismic events along the San Andreas Fault. In addition, Metropolitan is working with the State to implement a comprehensive improvement plan to address catastrophic occurrences that could occur outside of the Southern California region, such as a maximum probable seismic event in the Delta that would cause levee failure and disruption of SWP deliveries. For greater detail on Metropolitan’s planned responses to catastrophic interruption, please refer to Metropolitan’s RUWMP. Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County In 1983, the Orange County water community identified a need to develop a plan on how agencies would respond effectively to disasters impacting the regional water distribution system. The collective efforts of these agencies resulted in the formation of the Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County (WEROC) to coordinate emergency response on behalf of all Orange County water and wastewater agencies, develop an emergency plan to respond to disasters, and conduct disaster training exercises for the Orange County water community. WEROC was established with the creation of an indemnification agreement between its member agencies to protect each other against civil liabilities and to facilitate the exchange of resources. WEROC is unique in its ability to provide a single point of contact for representation of all water and wastewater utilities in Orange County during a disaster. This representation is to the county, state, and federal disaster coordination agencies. Within the Orange County Operational Area, WEROC is the recognized contact for emergency response for the water community. City of Anaheim The City’s Emergency Response Operations Plan (EOP) outlines response and recovery responsibilities during catastrophic water supply interruptions. The EOP provides detail information on how assigned responsibilities are performed to support the implementation and ensure successful response during catastrophic events. The EOP identifies the immediate actions that the City will take to respond to a declared disaster. The EOP describes the organizational and operational policies and procedures required to meet the needs of sufficient water for firefighting operations and safe drinking water. It also provides a system for organizing and prioritizing water repairs during natural disasters, regional power outage, and other major emergencies. The EOP includes ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-8 information on interconnections linking the City’s water system with neighboring water purveyors that may be available as a water supply source during emergencies. The City will operate under normal operating procedures unless situations beyond the City’s control occur. If the situation is beyond the City’s scope of normal activity, the City’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC) may be activated at which time water representatives work from the EOC to coordinate water emergency response with other City department’s emergency response actions. In the event the EOC is activated, the City Policy Group will establish recovery priorities. An EOC Incident Action Plan will be developed in the EOC that sets a plan in place for a specific period of time to carry out the directives issued by the Policy Group. The Water- Department Operations Center (W-DOC) will use the EOC Incident Action Plan in determining its course of action. Coordination between the W-DOC and the EOC will be done by the Water Field Operations Manager and the representative in the EOC under the direction of the Utilities Operations Branch Director. If necessary, additional assistance will be sought through coordination with the Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County (WEROC) and Metropolitan’s Member Agency Response System (MARS)15 Additional mutual aid plans in the State of California include the Master Mutual Aid Agreement, and the California Water and Wastewater Agency Response Network (WARN). The Master Mutual Aid Agreement includes all public agencies that have incorporated the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), and is coordinated by the California Emergency Management Agency. WARN includes all public and private water and wastewater utilities that have signed the WARN agreement. WARN is coordinated by a State Steering Committee and can be activated by any signatory to the agreement. to facilitate an organized and effective mutual aid response to the emergency. Additionally, water shortage disaster response in Orange County has been and will continue to be coordinated with the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services – Orange County Operational Area. Water shortage disaster response is incorporated into the County Disaster Plan. Table 5-4 summarizes the Department’s actions during catastrophic supply interruptions. 15 MARS is an emergency communications system to facilitate the flow of information, control, and exchange of materials and mutual aid within Metropolitan’s service area. Metropolitan and its member agencies formed MARS to improve emergency response, provide alternate means of communication in emergencies, and expedite mutual aid. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-9 Table 5-4: Preparation Actions for Catastrophe Possible Catastrophe Response Actions Regional Power Outage Request information from Anaheim Electric Services on estimated down time; provide contacts for vendors of rental generators and initiate mutual assistance with other agencies for emergency backup power; initiate back up portable generators and pumping equipment as needed to serve areas of limited water storage; estimate potable water demand under emergency condition and determine if needs can be met; increase disinfectant residual as a precaution of potential contamination; consult with the California Department of Public Health (DPH) for water quality concerns and public notices; notify affected users; issue “Boil Water” or “Do Not Drink” orders as needed; notify customers, media, state and local authorities if service is disrupted or significant demand management is necessary. Earthquake/Natural Disaster, Supply Contamination, Terrorist Act which Interrupts Service, and Other(s) i.e., 2010 Hazard Mitigation Plan Coordinate with the City’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and request emergency assistance (local police, local fire) as necessary; notify customers, media, state and local authorities if service is disrupted or significant demand management is necessary; contact WEROC (Water Emergency Response Organization of Orange County), neighboring water agencies for mutual aid arrangements and operate water interconnections if needed; utilize vendor lists to identify available water haulers, temporary water lines, piping, heavy equipment, etc.; issue “Boil Water” or “Do Not Drink” orders as needed; notify customers, media, state and local authorities if service is disrupted or significant demand management is necessary. 5.5. Prohibitions, and Consumption Reduction Methods The City Council may implement several measures, which it deems appropriate to address the potential reduction in water supplies, as outlined in Ordinance No. 6138. Specific Water Reduction Plans II or III) are implemented depending on the severity of the water shortage. Examples of voluntary water use reduction measures are: ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-10 • Refrain from hosing or washing sidewalks, walkways, driveways, parking areas or other paved surfaces, except where necessary to protect public health and safety. • repair all leaks from indoor and outdoor plumbing fixtures, including but not limited to sprinkler systems. • Refrain from allowing water to run off landscaped areas onto adjoining streets, sidewalks, parking lots, or alleys. • Refrain from allowing water to run off onto adjoining streets, sidewalks, parking lots, or alleys while washing vehicles. • Adjust landscape watering according to weather conditions to avoid excess usage; preferably limit watering to no more than every other day, except when recycled water is used. • Limit landscape watering between the hours of 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Table 5-5 provides a list of Consumption Reduction Methods including 50 percent reduction in the most restrictive stage. Table 5-5: Consumption Reduction Methods Consumption Reduction Methods Water Reduction Plan Projected Reduction Voluntary rationing Plan I 5% to 10% Mandatory rationing Plan II/III 11% to 15% Mandatory rationing Plan III 16% to 50% The City will follow the guidelines of Metropolitan’s WSAP and manage water consumption accordingly to avoid penalties for exceeding the water allocation. 5.6. Impacts to Revenue The actions described above to address a range of water shortage conditions have the potential to impact the City’s revenues and expenditures. To assess these impacts, the City calculated the revenue impacts resulting from a 10%, 25% and 50% reduction in sales as compared to a base year that was based on an estimate of normal year baseline. Other factors incorporated into the analysis included water losses, pricing structure and avoided costs. The results of this analysis are shown below in Table 5-6. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-11 Table 5-6: Revenue Impacts Analysis FY 2010 10% Drop 25% Drop 50% Drop Retail Revenue $54,449,709 $49,587,904 $42,295,196 $30,140,683 Sales (hcf) 27,390,452 24,651,407 20,542,839 13,695,226 Total Drop in Revenue $0 ($4,861,805) ($12,154,513) ($24,309,026) Water Supply Costs (Assume 5% Loss Factor) OCWD Purchases (62% BPP) 17,875,874 15,283,872 12,736,560 8,491,040 OCWD Variable Costs ($/HCF) 13,614,719 11,640,584 9,700,487 6,466,991 Total MET Purchased (hcf) 10,015,345 9,860,563 8,217,136 5,478,090 MET Tier 2 Treated Costs $273,573 $141,649 $0 $0 MET Tier 2 Untreated Costs $237,076 $0 $0 $0 MET Tier 1 Treated Costs $6,956,177 $6,827,628 $4,380,156 $0 MET Tier 1 Untreated Costs $5,675,965 $5,765,062 $5,867,904 $5,935,856 Variable Water Costs $26,757,510 $24,374,924 $19,948,547 $12,402,847 Decrease in water costs ($2,382,586) ($6,808,963) ($14,354,663) Revenue net of variable water costs $27,692,199 $25,212,980 $22,346,649 $17,737,836 Net Revenue Impact - ($2,479,219) ($5,345,550) ($9,954,363) To ameliorate any financial loss due to the water shortage, the City has established a Water Rate Stabilization Fund. The Water Rate Stabilization Fund is a revenue balancing account set up to receive those funds that may be generated by a drought surcharge, or rate revisions. However, the amount of money in the Stabilization Fund would not be sufficient to offset the net revenue impacts in either the 25% or 50% drop scenarios. Therefore, a Water Reduction Rate revision is suggested for both Water Reduction Plan II and Water Reduction Plan III. These funds may be implemented to encourage water conservation efforts, purchase additional supplies of water, and/or pay for penalties associated with the water shortage. The Water Rate Stabilization Fund may also be used to stabilize rates following the City Council’s finding that a water shortage no longer exists. Overall, the City has prepared stringent measures, as outlined in the Water Reduction Plan to effectively mitigate revenue impacts due in the event of a catastrophic water shortage or drought. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 5 Water Supplies Contingency Plan City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 5-12 5.7. Reduction Measuring Mechanism The City’s supply and demand data are recorded and reviewed daily. Month-end water meter readings are also collected and compiled into and Fiscal Year to Date Water System Reports. Data will be monitored and compared from week to week, and used to measure the effectiveness of any water shortage contingency stage that may be implemented. As stages of water shortage are declared by Metropolitan or within the Orange County region, the City will follow Metropolitan’s WSDM Plan and other regional guidelines. The City will implement the appropriate Water Reduction Plan and continue to monitor water supply demand levels. If Metropolitan calls for extraordinary conservation, Metropolitan’s Drought Program Officer will coordinate public information activities directly with the City and monitor the effectiveness of ongoing conservation programs. reporting on estimated conservation water savings will be provided. Metropolitan will provide each member agency with water use reports that will compare each member agency’s current cumulative retail usage to their allocation baseline. Metropolitan will also provide quarterly reports on its cumulative retail usage versus its allocation baseline. The City’s staff will also participate in regular groundwater producer meetings with OCWD to monitor groundwater and discuss water allocations. This will enable the City to be aware of groundwater conditions on a timely basis, and when combined with response to imported water conditions, will result in the appropriate drought contingency actions by the City’s staff. Water Use Monitoring Mechanisms are listed in Table 5-7. Table 5-7: Water Use Monitoring Mechanisms Mechanisms for Determining Actual Reductions Type of Data Expected Reports Measure effectiveness of water reduction plan. Requiring customers to submit a Water Conservation Plan Identifying potential conservation savings. Drought Program Officer coordination Estimated conservation water savings. Metropolitan Water Use Reports Comparison of cumulative retail usage to allocation baseline. Groundwater Producer meetings with OCWD Groundwater monitoring and water. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-1 6 6. Recycled Water 6.1. Agency Coordination The City does not own or operate wastewater treatment facilities and sends all collected wastewater to OCSD for treatment and disposal. Water recycling has not been done in the City, instead it’s been done regionally as shown in Table 6-1 by OCWD and OCSD. The City relies on the Orange County Groundwater Basin for the majority of its water supply. As manager of the Basin, OCWD strives to maintain and increase the reliability of the Basin by increasing recycled water usage to replace dependency on groundwater. To further this goal, OCWD and OCSD have cooperated to construct two water recycling projects, described below: OCWD Green Acres Project The Green Acres Project (GAP) is a water recycling effort that provides recycled water for landscape irrigation at parks, schools and golf courses as well as for industrial uses, such as carpet dyeing. GAP provides an alternate source of water to those cities near the GAP water recycling plant: Fountain Valley, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Santa Ana, and Mesa Consolidated Water District. Current water users include Mile Square Park in Fountain Valley, Costa Mesa Golf Course, Home Ranch bean field and Chroma Systems carpet dyeing. Due to a growing demand for water in Orange County, it is sensible that recycled water be used whenever possible for irrigation and industrial uses to supplement groundwater and imported water supplies. The use of GAP water will diminish to approximately 3 MGD upon completion of OCSD’s P1-102 (Fountain Valley Wastewater Secondary Treatment Expansion) project in the fall of 2011. OCWD Groundwater Replenishment System The Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS), which was built to replace WF-21 has been operational since January 2008, takes treated sewer water and purifies it to levels that meet state and federal drinking water standards. It uses a three-step process that includes reverse osmosis, microfiltration, and ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation treatment. The treated water is then injected into the seawater barrier to help prevent seawater intrusion into the groundwater basin and is percolated into deep aquifers where it eventually becomes part of Orange County’s drinking water supply. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 6 Recycled Water City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-2 The design and construction of the GWRS was a project jointly-funded by OCWD and OCSD. These two public agencies have worked together for more than 30 years. They are leading the way in water recycling and providing a locally-controlled, drought-proof and reliable supply of high-quality water in an environmentally sensitive and economical manner. The first step, Microfiltration (MF), is a separation process that uses polypropylene hollow fibers, similar to straws, with tiny holes in the sides that are 0.2 micron in diameter. By drawing water through the holes into the center of the fibers, suspended solids, protozoa, bacteria and some viruses are filtered out of the water. In the second step, Reverse osmosis (RO), membranes are made of semi-permeable polyamide polymer (plastic). During the RO process, water is forced through the molecular structure of the membranes under high pressure, removing dissolved chemicals, viruses and pharmaceuticals in the water. The end result is near-distilled- quality water so pure that minerals have to be added back in to stabilize the water. RO has been successfully used by OCWD since the mid-1970s to purify highly-treated wastewater for its seawater intrusion barrier at its Water Factory 21 (WF-21) from 1975- 2004. In the third step, water is exposed to high-intensity ultraviolet (UV) light with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to disinfect and destroy any trace organic compounds that may have passed through the reverse osmosis membranes. Examples of these trace organic compounds are N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and 1-4 Dioxane, which have to be removed to the parts-per-trillion level. UV with H2O2 is an effective disinfection/advanced oxidation process that keeps these compounds from reaching drinking water supplies. The GWRS has a current production capacity of 70 MGD, and a total production of 23.5 billion gallons per year. Once the water has been treated with the three-step process at the GWRS as described above, approximately 35 MGD of GWRS water is pumped into injection wells where it serves as a seawater intrusion barrier. Another 35 MGD is pumped to recharge basins in the City of Anaheim, where GWRS water filters through sand and gravel to replenish the deep aquifers of north and central Orange County’s groundwater basin. At this time, OCWD has designed Phase 2 of the expansion, which will recycle approximately another 30 MGD of effluent. OCWD Board of Directors has approved to move forward with the construction of the Initial Expansion of the GWRS which is supposed to be completed in September 2014 which would bring total production of the GWRS to 103,000 AFY. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 6 Recycled Water City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-3 Table 6-1: Participating Agencies Participating Agencies Participated Water Agencies Anaheim Wastewater Agencies OCSD Groundwater Agencies OCWD 6.2. Wastewater Description and Disposal Wastewater from the City’s water service area is collected and treated by OCSD. The City operates and maintains the localized sewer system of over 500 miles of pipelines that feed into OCSD’s trunk system from the City. OCSD operates the third largest wastewater system on the west coast, consisting of nearly 600 miles of trunk sewers and 200 miles of subtrunk sewers, two regional treatment plants, and an ocean disposal system. The OCSD sewage system collects wastewater through an extensive system of gravity flow sewers, pump stations, and pressurized sewers (force mains). The sewer system consists of 12 trunk sewer systems ranging in size from 12 to 96 inches in diameter and collectively over 500 miles long. Additionally, there are 39 sewer interconnections and 87 diversions to maximize conveyance of flows through the system. Twenty pump stations are used to pump sewage from lower lying areas to the treatment plants. Table 6-2 summarizes the past, current, and projected wastewater volumes collected and treated, and the quantity of wastewater treated to recycled water standards for treatment plants within OCSD’s service area. Table 6-3 summarizes the disposal method, and treatment level of discharge volumes. Table 6-2: Wastewater Collection and Treatment (AFY) Type of Wastewater Fiscal Year Ending 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Wastewater Collected & Treated in OCSD Service Area 273,017 232,348 302,400 312,704 321,104 329,392 333,536 Volume that Meets Recycled Water Standards 12,156 75,000 105,000 105,000 105,000 105,000 105,000 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 6 Recycled Water City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-4 Table 6-3: Disposal of Wastewater (Non-Recycled) (AFY) Method of Disposal Treatment Level Fiscal Year Ending 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035- opt Ocean Outfall Secondary 157,348 197,400 207,704 216,104 224,392 228,536 6.3. Current Recycled Water Uses There are currently no recycled water uses within the City’s service area. 6.4. Potential Recycled Water Uses The City will soon purchase recycled water from OCWD’s Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS) to use at their Canyon Power Plant (CPP). The City will be the first industrial user of the GWRS water. The City has entered into an agreement with OCWD to start purchasing water in 2011. In addition, the City is currently constructing a water recycling demonstration facility at the City Hall Complex. The facility would provide 20 to 55 AFY of recycled water for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The City has recently completed a Citywide Water Recycling Facilities Plan (Plan) that identified potential uses of recycled water in its service area. The recycled water could provide a reliable source of irrigation water to local parks, golf courses, and school grounds along with the potential to serve certain industrial and commercial uses. The Plan matches potential end users of sub-potable water to viable non-potable/recycled water supply sources. Ten primary recycled/non-potable water supply alternatives were developed to meet existing and future sub-potable water demands of the system. These alternatives include constructing satellite water reclamation plants, utilizing shallow groundwater wells, treating areas of brackish groundwater, or tapping into existing project such as those from Los Angeles County Sanitation District, OCWD’s GWRS pipeline or the proposed North Basin groundwater protection project. Tables 6-4 and 6-5 represent projected recycled water use within the City’s service area through 2035. Table 6-4: Projected Future Use of Recycled Water in Service Area (AFY) User Type Fiscal Year Ending 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Projected Use of Recycled Water - 220 255 255 255 255 ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 6 Recycled Water City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-5 Table 6-5: Projected Recycled Water Uses (AFY) User Type Treatment Level Fiscal Year Ending 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035-opt Agriculture Landscape/toilet flushing 20 55 55 55 55 Wildlife Habitat Wetlands Industrial 200 200 200 200 200 Groundwater Recharge Seawater Intrusion Barrier Total 220 255 255 255 255 Table 6-6 compares the recycled water use projections from the City’s 2005 UWMP with actual 2010 recycled water use. Table 6-6: Recycled Water Uses – 2005 Projections compared with 2010 Actual (AFY) User Type 2005 Projection for 2010 2010 Actual Use Agriculture Landscape Wildlife Habitat Wetlands Industrial Groundwater Recharge Total 0 0 6.4.1. Direct Non-Potable Reuse The City currently does not have direct non-potable reuse within its service area but has completed a Citywide Water Recycling Facilities Plan that identified the potential opportunities for uses of recycled water. In addition, the City is currently constructing a water recycling demonstration facility at the City Hall complex to provide recycled water for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. 6.4.2. Indirect Potable Reuse The City benefits indirectly from the replenishment of the Orange County groundwater basin using GWRS water that meets state and federal drinking water standards for ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 6 Recycled Water City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-6 potable reuse. The City also benefits directly with the projected use of GWRS water for industrial use starting in 2011. 6.5. Optimization Plan A formal Recycled Water Optimization Plan has not been completed for the City. The City, however, currently implements programs that require separate irrigation services to promote the future use of recycled water for landscape irrigation, when it becomes available. Studies of water recycling opportunities within Southern California provide a context for promoting the development of water recycling plans. It is recognized that broad public acceptance of recycled water requires continued education and public involvement. Currently, most of the recycled water available is being directed toward replenishment of the groundwater basin and improvements in groundwater quality. As a user of groundwater, the City supports the efforts of OCWD and OCSD to utilize recycled water as a primary resource for groundwater recharge in Orange County. Public Education The City participates in the MWDOC public education and school education programs, which include extensive sections on water recycling. MWDOC's water use efficiency public information programs are a partnership with agencies throughout the county. Through a variety of public information programs, MWDOC reaches the public, including those in the City, with accurate information regarding present and future water supplies, the demands for a suitable quantity and quality of water, including recycled water, and the importance of implementing water efficient techniques and behaviors. Through MWDOC, water education programs have reached thousands of Anaheim students with grade-specific programs that include information on recycled water. Financial Incentives The implementation of recycled water projects involves a substantial upfront capital investment for planning studies, Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs), engineering design and construction before there is any recycled water to market. For some water agencies, these capital costs exceed the short-term expense of purchasing additional imported water supplies from Metropolitan. The establishment of new supplemental funding sources through federal, state and regional programs now provides significant financial incentives for water agencies to develop and make use of recycled water locally. Potential sources of funding include federal, state and local funding opportunities. These funding sources include the U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), California Proposition 13 Water ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 6 Recycled Water City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 6-7 Bond, Proposition 84 and Metropolitan LRP. These funding opportunities may be sought by the City or possibly more appropriately by regional agencies. The City will continue to support seeking funding for regional water recycling projects and programs. Optimization Plan Because the City is not using recycled water at this time, it is not practicable to provide a recycled water optimization plan. The City has positioned itself to receive recycled water if it becomes available to serve some of the large development areas. The City continues to evaluate recycled water opportunities within its service area. In Orange County, the majority of recycled water is used for irrigating golf courses, parks, schools, business and communal landscaping. However, future recycled water use can increase by requiring dual piping in new developments, retrofitting existing landscaped areas and constructing recycled water pumping stations and transmission mains to reach areas far from the treatment plants. Gains in implementing some of these projects have been made throughout the county; however, the additional costs, large energy requirements and facilities to create such projects are very expensive to pursue. To determine if a recycled water project is cost-effective, cost/benefit analyses must be conducted for each potential project. This brings about the discussion on technical and economic feasibility of a recycled water project requiring a relative comparison to alternative water supply options. Analyses indicate that capital costs of water recycling in the City exceed the cost of purchasing additional imported water from Metropolitan. In addition to completing a new Citywide Recycled Water Facilities Plan for recycled water, the City will continue to conduct feasibility studies for various recycled/non- potable water projects, and will seek creative solutions and a balance to recycled water use, in coordination with OCWD, Metropolitan and other cooperative agencies. These include solutions for funding, regulatory requirements, institutional arrangements and public acceptance. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 7-1 7 7. Future Water Supply Projects and Programs 7.1. Water Management Tools Resource optimization such as desalination to minimize the needs for imported water is led by the regional agencies in collaboration with local agencies as mentioned in Sections 3.3.7 and 3.5.1. With the eventual replacement of older wells, the addition of new more efficient high- capacity wells, increasing the capacity of existing booster stations and transmission system, and continued efforts in reducing water waste, the City can meet projected demands. 7.2. Transfer or Exchange Opportunities The City maintains eight connections to the Metropolitan system and 14 emergency intercity connections with surrounding communities. The City’s eight Metropolitan connections have a combined capacity of over 76,000 gallons per minute (GPM) or 170 cfs. The City relies on the efforts of Metropolitan to pursue transfer or exchange opportunities. At this time, the City is not currently involved in any transfer or exchange opportunities. 7.3. Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs The City continually reviews practices that will provide its customers with adequate and reliable supplies. Trained staff ensures the water is safe and the supply will meet present and future needs in an environmentally and economically responsible manner. The City coordinates its long-term and water shortage planning with Metropolitan and OCWD. The reliability of the City’s water supply is dependent on the reliability of both groundwater and imported water supplies, managed by OCWD and Metropolitan, respectively. The City’s long-term plans to ensure a reliable water supply include, but are not limited to, the following: • Reduction of water demand through aggressive water use efficiency programs • Enhancement of groundwater production capacity and distribution ability to meet projected demand • Cooperation with MWDOC to maximize water conservation activities throughout Orange County ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 7 Future Water Supply Projects and Programs City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 7-2 • Cooperation with OCWD to increase groundwater recharge capabilities The water use efficiency measures described in Section 4 of this Plan have the potential to reduce overall demand. Any new water supply sources will be developed primarily to better manage the basin and to replace or upgrade inefficient wells. The projects that have been identified by the City to improve the City’s water supply reliability and enhance the operations of the City’s facilities include replacement of water meters, valves and pipelines, security improvements, and improvement projects on water supply wells. GWRS Water The City has entered into an agreement to purchase the GWRS water for use at the Canyon Power Plant (CPP). The CPP, located near the northwest corner of Kraemer Boulevard and Miraloma Avenue in Anaheim, will be the first industrial user of the GWRS water. The estimated water usage for the CPP is approximately 200 acre-feet per year. This water will be used to control and/or reduce air emissions. The City plans to begin purchasing water in 2011. Citywide Water Recycling Facilities Plan The City completed a Citywide Water Recycling Facilities Plan to investigate the development and use of recycled water in its service area. More info on this plan can be found in Section 6. Table 7-1: Specific Planned Water Supply Projects and Programs Project Name Projected Start Date Projected Completion Date Normal- Year Supply to Agency (AF) Single- Dry Year Yield (AF) Multiple- Dry-Year 1 Yield (AF) Multiple- Dry-Year 2 Yield (AF) Multiple- Dry-Year 3 Yield (AF) GWRS water 2011 200 200 200 200 200 Water Recycling Demonstration Facility 2012 55 55 55 55 55 7.4. Desalination Opportunities Desalination is viewed as a way to develop a local, reliable source of water that assists agencies reduce their demand on imported water, reduce groundwater overdraft, and in some cases make unusable groundwater available for municipal uses. Additionally, there are no identified projects for impaired groundwater, since the City has been fortunate to ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 7 Future Water Supply Projects and Programs City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 7-3 have exceptionally good groundwater resources in the past and does not anticipate any changes because of the continued efforts of the City, OCWD and Metropolitan. Table 7-2: Opportunities for Desalinated Water Sources of Water Check if Yes Ocean Water X Brackish Ocean Water X Brackish Groundwater 7.4.1. Groundwater There are currently no brackish groundwater opportunities within the City’s service area. 7.4.2. Ocean Water Currently, there are no identified projects in the City for desalination of seawater, given that the City is located at a distance from the ocean. However, from a regional perspective, desalination projects within the region indirectly benefit the City. In Orange County, there are two proposed ocean desalination projects that could serve MWDOC, including one specifically that may benefit the City. These are the Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project, and the South Orange Coastal Desalination Project. Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project – Poseidon Resources LLC (Poseidon), a private company, has proposed development of the Huntington Beach Seawater Desalination Project to be located adjacent to the AES Generation Power Plant in the City of Huntington Beach along Pacific Coast Highway and Newland Street. The proposed project would produce up to 50 MGD (56,000 AFY) of drinking water and will distribute water to coastal and south Orange County to provide approximately 8% of Orange County’s water supply needs. The project supplies would be distributed to participating agencies through a combination of direct deliveries through facilities including the East Orange County Feeder #2 (EOCF the City of Huntington Beach’s distribution system, and the West Orange County Water Board Feeder #2 (WOCWBF and water supply exchanges with agencies with no direct connection to facilities associated with the Project. Poseidon had received non-binding Letters of Intent from the Municipal Water District of Orange County and 17 retail water agencies to purchase a total of approximately 72 MGD (88,000 AFY) of Project supplies. On April 11, 2007, the City signed a non- binding Letter of Intent for 2.7 MGD (3,000 AFY) of Project supplies. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 7 Future Water Supply Projects and Programs City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 7-4 The Project has received specific approvals from the Huntington Beach City Council, including the Coastal Development Permit, Tentative Parcel Map, Subsequent Environmental Impact Report and Conditional Use Permit, which collectively provided for the long-term operation of the desalination facility. In addition to final agreements with the participating agencies, the Project still needs approvals from the State Lands Commission and the California Coastal Commission before Poseidon can commence construction of the desalination facility in Huntington Beach. A public hearing on the Project before the State Lands Commission is expected as early as this October. If project receives all required permits by 2011, it could be producing drinking water for Orange County by as soon as 2013. South Orange Coastal Desalination Project – MWDOC is proposing a desalination project in joint with Laguna Beach County Water District, Moulton Niguel Water District, City of San Clemente, City of San Juan Capistrano, South Coast Water District, and Metropolitan. The project is to be located adjacent to the San Juan Creek in Dana Point just east of the transition road from PCH to the I-5. The project will provide 15 MGD (16,000 AFY) of drinking water, which will account for up to 30% of the potable water supply to the participating agencies. Phase 1 consists of drilling 4 test borings and installing monitoring wells. Phase 2 consists of drilling, constructing and pumping a test slant well. Phase 3 consists of constructing a Pilot Test Facility to collect and assess water quality. Phases 1 and 2 have been completed and Phase 3 commenced in June 2010 and will last 18 months. If pumping results are favorable after testing, a full-scale project description and EIR will be developed. If EIR is adopted and necessary permits are approved, project could be operational by 2016. ---PAGE BREAK--- City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 8-1 8 8. UWMP Adoption Process 8.1. Overview Recognizing that close coordination among other relevant public agencies is the key to the success of its UWMP, the City worked closely with other entities such as MWDOC to develop and update this planning document. The City also encouraged public involvement through a holding of a public hearing to learn and ask questions about their water supply. This section provides the information required in Article 3 of the Water Code related to adoption and implementation of the UWMP. Table 8-1 summarizes external coordination and outreach activities carried out by the City and their corresponding dates. The UWMP checklist to confirm compliance with the Water Code is provided in Appendix A. Table 8-1: External Coordination and Outreach External Coordination and Outreach Date Reference Encouraged public involvement (Public Hearing) May 10, 2011 & May 17, 2011 Appendix G Notified city or county within supplier’s service area that water supplier is preparing an updated UWMP (at least 60 days prior to public hearing) January 28, 2011 Appendix F Held public hearing May 25, 2011 Appendix G Adopted UWMP June 7, 2011 Appendix H Submitted UWMP to DWR (no later than 30 days after adoption) July 7, 2011 Submitted UWMP to the California State Library and city or county within the supplier’s service area (no later than 30 days after adoption) July 7, 2011 Made UWMP available for public review (no later than 30 days after filing with DWR) August 6, 2011 This UWMP was adopted by the City Council on June 7, 2011. A copy of the adopted resolution is provided in Appendix H. A change from the 2004 legislative session to the 2009 legislative session required the City to notify any city or county within its service area at least 60 days prior to the public hearing. The City sent a Letter of Notification to the County of Orange and neighboring ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 8 UWMP Adoption Process City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 8-2 cities on January 28, 2011 that it is in the process of preparing an updated UWMP (Appendix 8.2. Public Participation The City encouraged community and public interest involvement in the plan update through a public hearing and inspection of the draft document. Public hearing notifications were published in a local newspaper. A copy of the published Notice of Public Hearing is included in Appendix G. The hearing provided an opportunity for all residents and employees in the service area to learn and ask questions about their water supply in addition to the City’s plans for providing a reliable, safe, high-quality water supply. Copies of the draft plan were made available for public inspection at the City’s public libraries and City Clerk’s and Utilities Department offices. 8.3. Agency Coordination All of the City's water supply planning relates to the policies, rules, and regulations of its regional and local water providers. The City is dependent on imported water from the Metropolitan and groundwater from OCWD, the agency which manages the Santa Ana River Groundwater Basin (Orange County Basin) as well as provides recycled water in partnership with the Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD). As such, the City involved these water providers in the development of its 2010 UWMP at various levels of contribution as summarized in Table 8-2. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 8 UWMP Adoption Process City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 8-3 Table 8-2: Coordination with Appropriate Agencies Participated in Plan Development Commented on Draft Attended Public Meetings Contacted for Assistance Sent Copy of Draft Plan Sent Notice of Public Hearing Not Involved/No Information APUD X X X X X X City Planning X X X X X City Clerk X X X City Attorney X X Metropolitan X X X MWDOC X X X OCWD X X X OCSD X X X Public Library X X General Public X X While the City is not a member agency of MWDOC, MWDOC provided assistance to the City’s 2010 UWMP development by providing some data such as, population projections and SBx7-7 modeling. MWDOC also provided comments on the draft UWMP. The City’s UWMP was developed in collaboration with Metropolitan’s 2010 RUWMP and 2010 Integrated Water Resources Plan. As a groundwater producer who relies on supplies from the OCWD-managed Orange County Groundwater Basin, the City coordinated the preparation of this 2010 UWMP with OCWD. OCWD provided projections of the amount of groundwater the City is allowed to extract in the 25-year planning horizon. In addition, information from OCWD’s 2009 Groundwater Management Plan and 2008-2009 Engineer’s Report were incorporated in this document where relevant. ---PAGE BREAK--- Section 8 UWMP Adoption Process City of Anaheim 2010 Urban Water Management Plan 8-4 8.4. UWMP Submittal 8.4.1. Review of Implementation of 2005 UWMP As required by California Water Code, the City summarizes the implementation of the Water Conservation Programs to date, and compares the implementation to those as planned in its 2005 UWMP. Comparison of 2005 Planned Water Conservation Programs with 2010 Actual Programs As a signatory to the MOU regarding urban water use efficiency, the City’s commitment to implement BMP-based water use efficiency program continues today. For the City’s specific achievements in the area of conservation, please see Section 4 of this Plan. 8.4.2. Filing of 2010 UWMP The Anaheim Public Utilities Board reviewed the Final Draft Plan on May 25, 2011. The City Council adopted the 2010 UWMP on June 7, 2011. See Appendix H for the resolution adopting the Plan. By July 7, 2011, the City’s Adopted 2010 UWMP was filed with DWR, California State Library, County of Orange, and cities within its service area. The City will make the plan available for public review no later than 30 days after filing with DWR. ---PAGE BREAK--- Appendices A. Urban Water Management Plan Checklist B. Orange County Water District Groundwater Management Plan 2009 Update C. Gross Water Use Calculations D. Impact of Single-Dry Year and Multiple-Dry Years Methodology E. Resolution No. 2008-154, Ordinance No. 6138, Ordinance No. 6160 F. 60 Day Notification Letters G. Public Hearing Notice H. Copy of Resolution for Plan Adoption ---PAGE BREAK--- 8001 Irvine Center Drive, Suite 1100 Irvine, CA 92618 [PHONE REDACTED] Fax 949.450..9902