Document alpinecountyca_gov_doc_3c88f43e15

ALPINE COUNTY GENERAL PLAN II. SAFETY ELEMENT Draft Recommended by Planning Commission July 30, 2020 ---PAGE BREAK--- 1 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 1 INTRODUCTION 2 3 Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code requires that the General Plan include a Safety 4 Element for the protection of the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects 5 of seismically induced surface rupture, ground shaking, ground failure, tsunami, seiche, and dam 6 failure; slope instability leading to mudslides and landslides; subsidence and other geologic hazards 7 known to the legislative body; flooding, and wildland and urban fire. 8 9 The Safety Element establishes goals, policies and implementation measures intended to avoid or 10 minimize human injury and protect property by reducing the exposure of the community to hazards. It 11 is also intended that an undue financial burden not be placed on the community by allowing 12 development which may have unusually high costs for public services and disaster relief due to the 13 risk from hazards. 14 15 The Alpine County Safety Element addresses the following hazards that are known to have potential 16 for causing injury to people or damage to property in the County: 17 18 A. Wildland Fire 19 B. Geologic Hazards 20 D. Flood 21 E. Noise 22 F. Hazardous Materials 23 24 25 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS 26 27 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) now requires 28 local agencies to adopt a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) in order to be eligible for pre-disaster 29 mitigation funds. The Alpine County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was adopted by the 30 Board of Supervisors on August 4, 2018 (Board of Supervisors Resolution No. R2018-24). 31 32 SB 2140 (Gov. Code § 65302.6), authorizes local governments to adopt their local hazard mitigation 33 plan with the safety elements of their general plans. The Hazard Mitigation Plan includes 34 characterization and evaluation of the potential natural hazards that are included in the Safety 35 Element: Wildland Fire, Geologic Hazards and Flood. Accordingly, the Alpine County Multi- 36 Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (“Hazard Mitigation Plan”) in its current form and as may 37 be revised or updated in the future is hereby incorporated into the Safety Element of the 38 Alpine County General Plan. 39 40 Carson River Watershed Floodplain Management Plan: The purpose of this plan is to create a long‐ 41 term vision and develop strategies which utilize a “Living River Approach” for meeting floodplain 42 management objectives to reduce flood damage impacts in the Carson River Watershed. The plan 43 reviews regional flood risks and suggests watershed‐wide strategies and actions to mitigate and 44 reduce these hazards and risks while maintaining objectives. It also documents regional and local 45 progress on meeting plan objectives 46 47 Alpine County Community Wildfire Protection Plan: The Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP) 48 provides a roadmap for the community to mitigate the hazards of wildfire. It outlines the risks and 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 2 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 hazards and provides specific recommendations for projects to address those risks. It includes 1 recommended projects to reduce the risk of wildland fire to people and property. It includes the 2 recommendations from the Calaveras County Community Wildfire Protection Plan that are specific to 3 the Bear Valley region of Alpine County. 4 5 Alpine County Emergency Operations Plan: The County of Alpine Emergency Operations Plan 6 establishes an Emergency Management Organization and assigns functions and tasks consistent 7 with California’s Standardized Emergency Management System and the National Incident 8 Management System. It provides for the integration and coordination of planning efforts of multiple 9 jurisdictions within Alpine County. 10 11 CALFIRE Amador-Eldorado Unit Strategic Fire Plan: The CALFIRE Amador Eldorado Unit 12 encompasses all of Amador, Alpine and El Dorado counties; and portions of Sacramento and San 13 Joaquin counties. The goal of the Amador-El Dorado unit is to reduce the loss of life, property, 14 watershed values and other assets at risk from wildfire through a focused pre-fire management 15 program and increased initial attack success. The Strategic Fire Plan provides direction to CALFIRE 16 staff and communities within the Amador-El Dorado unit to direct resources and commitments toward 17 implementation of the Strategic Fire Plan. It should be noted that although the Amador-Eldorado Unit 18 has administrative responsibility for the entire county, the Tuolumne-Calaveras Unit provides 19 response and program support to the southwest portion of the County which includes Bear Valley and 20 surrounding areas. 21 22 Markleeville Structure Defense and Pre-Attack Plan: This plan was created by the CALFIRE Amador 23 Eldorado Unit. It addresses the area from Markleeville west to Grover Hot Springs, including 24 residential areas in the Hot Springs Road corridor area. Calfire staff has indicated a desire to update 25 this plan and to create these plans for the Woodfords and Mesa Vista areas. 26 27 28 WILDLAND FIRE 29 30 The wildland fire section is organized into the following sections: 31 32  Goal 20 33  General Background & History 34  Categories 35 o Planning and Capacity Building 36 o Land Use 37 o Fuel Modification 38 o Access 39 o Water Supply 40 41 42 GOAL 20: PROTECT THE COMMUNITY FROM UNREASONABLE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH 43 WILDLAND AND STRUCTURAL FIRES WITHIN THE WILDLAND URBAN INTERFACE IN THE 44 COUNTY. 45 46 47 ---PAGE BREAK--- 3 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 WILDLAND FIRE - GENERAL BACKGROUND & HISTORY 1 2 Response and Mutual Aid: Primary responsibility for wildland fire protection (prevention and 3 suppression) in the County is divided in to State Responsibility Area (SRA) and Federal 4 Responsibility Area (FRA). The SRA encompasses all of the private and state-owned land within the 5 County and the FRA encompasses all of the federal land. Calfire has primary responsibility for 6 wildland fire protection within the SRA and the federal land management agencies (U.S. Forest 7 Service and Bureau of Land Management) have primary responsibility for wildland fire protection 8 within the FRA. 9 10 Through the CALIFORNIA MASTER COOPERATIVE WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT AND 11 STAFFORD ACT RESPONSE AGREEMENT, federal and state agencies improve efficiency by 12 facilitating the coordination and exchange of personnel, equipment, supplies, services, information 13 and funds for wildland fire protection. All of Alpine County is within the federal Direct Protection Area 14 (DPA). Consequently, the USFS and BLM have assumed operational responsibility for response to 15 wildland fire within SRA lands in Alpine County. Through this agreement and other mutual aid 16 agreements with fire departments adjoining Alpine County, there is a cooperative multi-jurisdictional 17 response to wildland fire located anywhere in Alpine County. 18 19 In many cases the local fire departments are first on the scene and may make an initial attack on a 20 wildland fire. There are three local fire departments in Alpine County. The Bear Valley Public Safety 21 Department covers Bear Valley and the surrounding areas on the west side of Ebbetts Pass. The 22 Eastern Alpine Fire and Rescue covers the portion of Alpine County that is east of the Sierra crest, 23 including the communities of Hung-A-Lel-Ti, Markleeville and Woodfords. The Kirkwood Volunteer 24 Fire Department covers Kirkwood and the surrounding areas west of Carson Pass. 25 26 Response to structural fires and other non-wildland fires (vehicle fires, etc.) is the primary 27 responsibility of local fire departments. All the departments rely heavily on volunteer fire fighters. 28 Additionally, response may also be provided through mutual aid by fire departments in adjoining 29 communities outside of Alpine County. These include the East Fork Fire Protection District located in 30 Douglas County Nevada, the Lake Valley Fire Protection District located in the Meyers area in El 31 Dorado County and the Ebbetts Pass Fire Protection District located west of Bear Valley in Calaveras 32 County. 33 34 Fire History & Risk Characterization: Wildland fires within the wildland urban interface (“WUI”) where 35 development is interspersed with wild lands pose the greatest threat to lives and property in the 36 County. Sources of data for wildland fire history include the CALFIRE Fire Perimeters Map for 1950- 37 2018 and the USFS Fire Occurrence Location data base and mapping. These two sources were 38 reviewed in preparation of this revision to the Safety Element. 39 40 Fire behavior east of the Sierra crest in Alpine County is largely affected by wind patterns and high 41 wind events. The largest and most destructive fires in this part of the County have run from the 42 southwest to the northeast, following the prevailing winds. Two of the largest fires in this area – 43 Acorn (6500 acres in 1987) and Washington (17,000 acres in 2015) followed this pattern. Both of 44 these fires grew quickly due to extremely high winds. West of the Sierra crest slopes and fuel type 45 are more controlling factors for wildland fire in comparison to the east side of the County. Most of the 46 Sierra crest in Alpine County is characterized by relatively sparse vegetation interspersed with 47 extensive areas of exposed granite. Consequently, there is low likelihood of fires crossing the crest. 48 The characterization of wildland fire hazard and the associated risks in Alpine County are more 49 thoroughly described in Section 5.2.10 of the County’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 4 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 1 Recent fires in Alpine County including the Washington Fire in 2015 south of Markleeville and the 2 Donnell Fire in 2017 south and west of Bear Valley have served to remind the community about the 3 danger of wildland fire. Other large fires in the surrounding region and throughout California 4 demonstrate the catastrophic results that can occur when wildland fire burns a community. 5 6 All of Alpine County is located within the wildland urban interface or WUI. With the exception of the 7 Kirkwood area, almost all of the private land in Alpine County with existing development or potential 8 for future development is located in high or very high fire hazard severity zones. The Hazard 9 Mitigation Plan estimated the risk exposure of existing development within the high and very high 10 wildland fire hazard areas in the County. Eleven hundred residential units are within this area, 11 representing approximately 60% of the housing stock in the County. The situation is similar for non- 12 residential structures, roads, utilities, and essential public facilities. The estimated value in 2016 of all 13 structures within the high and very hazard areas is $295 million. 14 15 SB 1241 mandates that Safety Elements, upon the next revision of the Housing Element on or after 16 January 1, 2014, be reviewed as necessary to address the risk of fire for State Responsibility Areas 17 (SRAs) and very high fire hazard severity zones including review of fire hazard severity zone maps 18 (Government Code § 65302(g)(3)(A)). The most recent revision of the Housing Element was 19 completed in March 2017. The Hazard Mitigation Plan includes a review of the risks with the SRA 20 and the fire hazard severity zones. By incorporation of the Hazard Mitigation Plan into this Safety 21 Element, the requirements of SB1241 (Government Code § 65302(g)(3)(A)) with regard to wildland 22 fire are satisfied. 23 24 Fire Insurance: The Insurance Services Office of California provides ratings of the capabilities of 25 local fire departments to respond and fight fires. These “ISO” ratings are reviewed periodically. The 26 ratings are used by insurance companies to help determine rates for the fire protection component of 27 homeowner’s insurance premiums. A lower ISO rating means a greater capability and thus, 28 potentially lower insurance premiums. The rating scale is 1-10 and may vary within a fire 29 department’s response area. Areas within Alpine County have ratings between 4 and 9. Lower rated 30 areas have good resources including a readily available water supply and relatively short response 31 times. 32 33 In recent years a number of homeowners in the county have reported cancellation of homeowner’s 34 insurance due to fire risk, and increased premiums to retain their insurance. Options for obtaining 35 homeowner insurance may be limited or expensive. 36 37 38 WILDLAND FIRE - PLANNING AND CAPACITY BUILDING 39 40 20A Policy 41 42 Commit adequate resources to continued planning, capacity building and collaboration with other 43 agencies in order to reduce the risks associated with wildland fire and obtain the best possible level of 44 fire protection and emergency response services for all communities in Alpine County. 45 46 20A Implementation Measures 47 48 20A-1: Essential Public Facilities. Locate new essential public facilities outside of high and very high 49 fire hazard severity zones if feasible. This includes, but is not limited to, schools, fire stations, health 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 5 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 services, emergency shelters, emergency operations centers and emergency communications 1 facilities. If essential public facilities must be located in high or very high fire hazard severity zones, 2 incorporate design, construction or other measures to maximize protection and minimize damage in 3 the event of a wildland fire. 4 5 20A-2: Funding. The Board of Supervisors should continue to insure stable funding at levels 6 sufficient to provide for adequate fire protection and emergency services to all communities in the 7 County. 8 9 20A-3: Insurance ratings. The county shall support efforts by each fire department within the county 10 to obtain lower ISO ratings for structure fires within all fire protection areas. 11 12 20A-4: Support aerial attack facilities. The County shall support efforts by wildland fire fighting 13 agencies to utilize the Alpine County airport as a base of operations for aerial attack and associated 14 fire suppression equipment. 15 16 20A-5: Service district requirement. The Board of Supervisors should consider an ordinance to 17 require all new development of a certain size (number of residential units, sq. ft. non-residential) or 18 more to establish a new or participate in an existing community service district, county service area, 19 benefit assessment district or other similar organization or entity that will finance, provide, and 20 maintain adequate fire protection and emergency services in the area where the new development is 21 proposed. 22 23 20A-6: Maintain Plans. The County shall support efforts to maintain and periodically revise key 24 public safety planning documents including, but not limited to, emergency operations plans, 25 community wildfire protection plans and natural hazard mitigation plans. 26 27 20A-7: Codes and Standards. The County shall maintain codes and standards that require new 28 development to meet or exceed the State of California Fire Safe Regulations; and make periodic 29 updates to the applicable building and fire codes which address fire safety and reflect accepted fire 30 safe practices 31 32 20A-8: Fire Marshall. Board of Supervisors should evaluate available options and consider 33 establishing the functions of a Fire Marshall within all areas of Alpine County. 34 35 20A-9: Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Items. Support Goal 20 of the Hazard Mitigation Plan to 36 reduce the possibility of damage and losses due to wildland fire and its associated action items 10A- 37 10W. 38 39 20A-10: Education. Facilitate the education of landowners, residents, visitors and business owners 40 about the risks of living in the wildland urban interface including applicable regulations, prevention 41 measures and pre-planning activities. Provide informational materials in building permit packets, 42 through the fire safe councils and through other venues including the County web site. 43 44 20A-11: Burn Area Recovery Plans. Support the efforts of fire protection organizations and property 45 owners to develop burn area recovery plans that include rapid post-fire assessment and 46 implementation actions that encourage salvage of burned trees and reforestation activities, create 47 resilient and sustainable landscapes and restore functioning ecosystems 48 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 6 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 20A-12: Community Recovery and Resilience Planning. The County should initiate a process to 1 develop recovery plans to help the community recover from a wildland fire disaster. Recovery plans 2 should address immediate clean up and recovery efforts, re-establishing essential operations across 3 a broad range of community functions (government services, education, health services, business 4 sector, other) and strengthening the long term health and resiliency of the community. 5 6 20A-13: Future Facility and Service Needs. The County should project future growth and plan for 7 facilities and emergency services needed for fire protection. 8 9 20A-14 Fire Department Training Standards. Fire departments within the County shall be 10 encouraged to utilize the California State Fire Training (SFT) certification program as a training guide 11 for fire department personnel, including volunteer fire fighters. 12 13 20A-15 Interagency Collaboration. Continue collaboration and coordination with regional agencies 14 and surrounding fire protection districts on a unified regional response to risks that affect Alpine 15 County and surrounding jurisdictions to include: Enhancing interjurisdictional communication 16 systems; Sharing data and information on developing issues or potential risks; Participating in 17 Operational Area trainings and share response procedures with other first responder entities; Where 18 possible, consolidating grant applications with other area jurisdictions; and coordinating with other 19 planning departments, first responder entities, and emergency services providers on standard 20 operating procedures and protocols to enhance regional benefits 21 22 23 WILDLAND FIRE - LAND USE 24 25 Alpine County contains approximately 750 square miles situated astride the Pacific crest and is 26 approximately 96 percent public land. The public lands include lands managed by the U.S. Forest 27 Service, Bureau of Land Management, California Department of Parks and Recreation, California 28 Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and Alpine 29 County. Land use in the County is characterized by small communities surrounded by large 30 expanses of agricultural lands, forested areas and brush covered lands. There are some areas of 31 more dispersed and low density rural residential development, mostly located near Woodfords in the 32 northeast part of the County. All of the communities and rural residential development are within the 33 WUI. 34 35 Alpine County is the least populated county in California with an estimated permanent population of 36 1162 persons in 2019. Most of the population lives near or in the small communities of Hung-A-Lel-Ti, 37 Markleeville, Woodfords, Bear Valley and Kirkwood. Kirkwood is in the moderate hazard zone. The 38 other communities are in the high or very high hazard zones. There are approximately 1780 39 residential units in Alpine County; over 1200 of these are located in high or very high wildfire hazard 40 severity zones. Approximately 30% of the housing units in the County are occupied by permanent 41 residents. The remaining 70% are composed of second homes used seasonally and vacation rental 42 properties mostly located at two ski resorts in the County – Bear Valley and Kirkwood. 43 44 Essential facilities including fire stations, schools, government offices and centralized infrastructure 45 such as water and wastewater systems are located within or very close to the small communities 46 where most of the county’s population resides. 47 48 Alpine County has adopted ordinances and development standards that meet or exceed the State of 49 California Fire Safe Regulations. Section 15.10 of the Alpine County Code adopts Public Resource 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 7 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 Code Section 4290 Fire Safe Regulations for State Responsibility Areas, commencing with Section 1 1270.00 through 1276.04, Article 5.5, Chapter 7, Division 1.5, Title 14 California Code of Regulation 2 (CCR 14). Section 8.20 of the Alpine County Code adopts defensible space and fuels reduction 3 standards for lots that meet or exceed California Public Resources Code Section 4291. 4 5 Development in many areas of Alpine County was planned, approved and constructed prior to 6 adoption of these ordinances and standards. Consequently, there are many areas that do not 7 conform to the current standards. 8 9 20-B Policy 10 11 Reduce the exposure to risk from wildland fire to an acceptable level by only allowing development in 12 high or very high fire hazard areas if it can be made safe by planning, construction, or other fire safety 13 measures. 14 15 20B Implementation Measures 16 17 20B-1: Non-conforming Development. Identify areas of development that do not conform to current 18 Fire Safe Regulations and consider programs and/or measures that would bring these areas closer to 19 conformance. 20 21 20B-2: Findings for New Subdivisions. In accordance with California Government Code Section 22 66474.02, before approving a tentative map, or a parcel map for which a tentative map was not 23 required, for an area located in a state responsibility area or a very high fire hazard severity zone, the 24 approving authority (Community Development Director, Planning Commission or Board of 25 Supervisors) shall make the following findings: 26 27 A finding supported by substantial evidence in the record that the subdivision is consistent with 28 regulations adopted by the State Board of Forestry and Fire Protection pursuant to Sections 4290 and 29 4291 of the Public Resources Code or consistent with local ordinances certified by the State Board of 30 Forestry and Fire Protection as meeting or exceeding the state regulations. 31 32 A finding supported by substantial evidence in the record that structural fire protection and 33 suppression services will be available for the subdivision through any of the following entities: 34 35 A county, city, special district, political subdivision of the state, or another entity organized 36 solely to provide fire protection services that is monitored and funded by a county or other 37 public entity. 38 39 The Department of Forestry and Fire Protection by contract entered into pursuant to 40 Section 4133, 4142, or 4144 of the Public Resources Code. 41 42 20B-3 Development in High and Very High Hazard Zones. Recognize that new development will be 43 located in moderate, high and very high fire hazard zones. Accordingly, require that project design 44 meets all applicable codes and standards, and includes design parameters, improvements and 45 conditions of approval that reduces risk to acceptable level. 46 47 48 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 8 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 WILDLAND FIRE - FUEL MODIFICATION 1 2 CalFire has assessed the wildland fire hazard in different areas of the county based on a 3 consideration of wildland fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. Wildland fuels or 4 vegetation are the basic catalyst that supports the combustion process of wildfires. The various fuels 5 have specific characteristics which allow fire behavior to categorize them based on how they 6 burn. The result is the Fire Hazard Severity Zone map for the State Responsibility Area. The maps 7 for Alpine County can be viewed at 8 engineering/wildland-hazards-building-codes/fire-hazard-severity-zones-maps/ . 9 10 CalFire’s mapping shows the lands in Alpine County with Moderate, High, and Very High Fire Hazard 11 Severity Zones as described below. This mapping provides only a general picture of the actual fire 12 hazard because there may be local variations in vegetation, slope, and other factors which influence 13 fire. The term “fire behavior” is used to describe the magnitude, direction, and intensity of fire spread. 14 15 • Moderate Fire Hazard Severity Zone includes: a) wildland areas of low fire frequency supporting 16 modest fire behavior; and b) developed/urbanized areas with a very high density of non-burnable 17 surfaces and low vegetation cover that is highly fragmented and low in flammability. 18 19 • High Fire Hazard Severity Zone includes: a) wildland areas supporting medium to high fire behavior 20 and roughly average burn probabilities; and b) developed/urbanized areas with more limited non- 21 burnable surfaces and moderate vegetation cover. 22 23 • Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone includes: a) wildland areas supporting high to extreme fire 24 behavior resulting from well-developed surface fuels and forests where fire in tree crowns (portions of 25 trees above the trunks) is likely; and b) developed/urbanized areas with high vegetation density and 26 fuel continuity, allowing flame to spread over much of the area with little impediment from non- 27 burnable surfaces. Additional site elements include steep and mixed topography and seasonally 28 extreme conditions of strong winds and dry fuel moistures. The highest fire hazard is found in 29 mountainous areas with dry summers, plenty of fuel, and steep slopes 30 31 The County and the community have taken a wide range of measures to reduce fuel loading in order 32 to reduce the risk level of fire within the wildland urban interface. Examples include: 33 34  Maintaining a seasonal biomass collection site at Turtle Rock Park that provides a convenient 35 location for community residents on the east side of the county to dispose of vegetation removed 36 from their properties 37  Curbside chipping programs in Bear Valley, Kirkwood and other east side communities 38  Fuels reduction along county roads 39  Encouraging CalFire to conduct defensible space inspections pursuant to Public Resources Code 40 4291 41  Adopting and implementing an adjacent lot fuels reduction ordinance to further mitigate fire hazard 42 in the county 43  Obtaining grant funds to plan for and accomplish fuels reduction on lands within and adjacent to 44 existing communities 45 46 The Alpine County Community Wildfire Protection Plan identifies priority fuel reduction projects and 47 potential fire breaks in all communities in Alpine County. 48 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 9 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 20C. Policy 1 2 20C: Reduce fuel loading and encourage healthy forests to help in lowering the risk level for fire 3 within the wildland urban interface. 4 5 6 20C. Implementation Measures 7 8 20C-1: Defensible Space. The County shall work with Calfire to assertively implement the defensible 9 space requirements of Public Resources Code 4291. This includes implementation of the 10 requirements for individual lots and a periodic inspection program to monitor compliance and correct 11 deficiencies. 12 13 20C-2: Funding. The County, fire safe councils and other community organizations are encouraged to 14 pursue public and private funding to facilitate fuels reduction including assisting private landowners in 15 implementing fuels reduction and defensible space measures. 16 17 20C-3: Vegetation Management Plans. The County shall require vegetation management plans for all 18 new development that, at a minimum, include provisions for implementation and maintenance of fuels 19 reduction and defensible space; and which meet the minimum clearance standards pursuant to Public 20 Resources Code 4290 (14 CCR 1270). Consideration should be given to maintaining healthy 21 vegetation, minimizing the potential spread of noxious weeds, habitat for wildlife and visual impacts in 22 formulating these vegetation management plans. For purposes of this implementation measure, new 23 development includes parcel maps and subdivisions that create new lots or building sites, planned 24 developments, conditional use permits and other zoning actions that lead to the entitlement of new 25 structures. 26 27 20C-4: Maintenance of Fuel Reduction. The County shall encourage and, where possible, require a 28 means for ongoing maintenance of fuels reduction in areas that have been treated. For areas that 29 require a vegetation management plan pursuant to implementation measure 20B-3, this shall include 30 a requirement for ongoing maintenance of vegetation management plans to be addressed in 31 conditions of approval and/or CC&Rs for the development. A mechanism for enforcement of the 32 maintenance requirements shall also be implemented. 33 34 20C-5: Public Lands. The County shall work with public land management agencies to pursue 35 reduced fuel loading to lower risks on public lands in areas both within and surrounding existing 36 communities. Use of prescribed fire and pile burning shall be considered as well as hand and 37 mechanical means. 38 39 20C-6: Road Side Fuels Reduction. The County shall make fuels reduction along County roads 40 within existing rights of way a regular part of the ongoing County road maintenance operations. The 41 County shall encourage owners of private roads and driveways to do the same. 42 43 20C-7: Support CWPP Fuels Reduction. The County shall work with the fire safe councils and other 44 agencies where applicable to support and help facilitate completion and maintenance of priority fuels 45 reduction projects and fire breaks as identified in the Alpine County Community Wildfire Protection 46 Plan. 47 48 49 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 10 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 WILDLAND FIRE - ACCESS 1 2 Providing adequate and safe access to communities and developed areas is a key to reducing the 3 risk of injury or loss of life, and to facilitating ingress and egress for fire suppression and evacuation. 4 The Alpine County Development Standards were adopted in 2014. These standards set minimum 5 requirements for access facilities including roads, lanes and driveways; and ensure compliance with 6 the State of California Fire Safe Regulations (Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 1.5, 7 Chapter 7, Subchapter 2, Articles 1-5). 8 9 20D Policy 10 11 All new development in Alpine County shall be provided with vehicular access meeting or exceeding 12 the requirements of the Alpine County Development Standards 13 14 20D Implementation Measures 15 16 20D-1: Secondary Access. Any area of new development with potential for five or more residential 17 units and also located within a high or very high fire hazard severity zone shall have a second means 18 of vehicular ingress and egress connecting to a county collector road or state highway functional 19 classification as listed in the most current version of the Circulation Element of the Alpine County 20 General Plan (currently Figure 1 - Alpine County Functional Classification). The second means of 21 access shall be constructed to the emergency access road standard as described in Section 9.03-6 22 and Table 9-3 of the Alpine County Development Standards adopted by the Board of Supervisors on 23 September 7, 2014 and as may be amended going forward. Existing roads that are constructed to an 24 equal or higher standard may be utilized to meet the second access requirement where such roads 25 provide a completely separate route connecting to a county collector road or state highway compared 26 to the primary access route. This requirement for second access shall override any lesser applicable 27 requirement that may exist in County development standards and/or SRA Fire Safe Regulations for 28 access. 29 30 20D-2: Update Development Standards. County Development Standards shall be updated to reflect 31 the secondary access requirements as set forth in Implementation Measure 20D-1. 32 33 20D-3: Evacuation Plans. The Alpine County Sheriff’s Office should work with agencies responsible 34 for wildland fire suppression to develop pre-plans for fire risk areas that address civilian evacuation 35 and provide a means to effectively communicate those plans. 36 37 20D-4: Inadequate Access and Evacuation Routes. The County shall identify residential areas of the 38 County that have inadequate access and/or inadequate evacuation routes and develop plans to 39 reduce or alleviate the associated risks within these areas. 40 41 20D-5: Addressing: Consider a County ordinance to improve and standardize street addressing signs 42 in order to reduce emergency service response times. 43 44 45 WILDLAND FIRE - WATER SUPPLY 46 47 The availability of water supply for fire suppression varies among communities within Alpine County. 48 Bear Valley, Hung-A-Lel-Ti, Kirkwood and Markleeville have developed water supply systems with 49 multiple fire hydrants within their service areas. The Eastern Alpine Fire Services Station 91 in 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 11 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 Woodfords is served by a small water system that includes 50,000 gallons of storage with the ability 1 to fill water tenders. The South Tahoe Public Utility District C-Line which transports treated 2 wastewater to Alpine County includes several fire hydrants in the Woodfords area. Water from these 3 “purple hydrants” can be used for wildland fire suppression. There are restrictions on using this water 4 for structure fires. Turtle Rock Park and the Alpine Village subdivision in Woodfords have small water 5 systems. Outside of the areas served by water systems with fire hydrants, water for fire suppression 6 is limited or may be non-existent. To help compensate, the local fire departments utilize a system of 7 mobile water tenders and portable tanks to provide water at the site of a fire. Helicopters deployed 8 by federal or state agencies are often used to deliver water from area lakes and rivers to wildland 9 fires. 10 11 Fire suppression water supply requirements for new development in Alpine County are defined by the 12 California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection SRA Fire Safe Regulations, National Fire Protection 13 Association (NFPA) codes and standards, and the Alpine County Development Standards. 14 Combined, these regulations, standards and codes set forth minimum requirements for fire flow, 15 water storage, fire hydrants and other important components of the water system. Alpine County 16 Code Chapter 13.04 defines minimum requirements for domestic and firefighting water supply and 17 distribution systems in new subdivisions. The Alpine County General Plan Land Use Element defines 18 minimum fire flow requirements and information required at each stage of the land use entitlement 19 process (general plan change, zoning change, subdivision) to demonstrate that the minimum fire flow 20 can be provided to new development. This includes information on the proposed method and 21 location of improvements for meeting the fire flow requirement. 22 23 20E Policy 24 25 Improve water supplies for fire protection in developed areas within the wildland urban interface. 26 27 20E Implementation Measures 28 29 20E-1: Plan for water supplies. The county shall encourage long range planning for improved water 30 supplies for fire protection throughout the county. This planning process should involve the fire safe 31 councils, local area residents, existing water service providers, fire departments, CalFire and other 32 agencies with responsibility for fire protection. 33 34 20E-2: Funding. The county, existing water service providers and/or fire safe councils shall pursue 35 public and private funding to improve water supply for fire protection throughout the county. 36 37 38 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS 39 40 The geologic hazards of greatest potential in Alpine County include those associated with avalanche, 41 earthquake/seismic shaking and landslide/slope failure. All of these are described in detail in the 42 County’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. 43 44 GOAL 21: PROTECT NEW AND EXISTING STRUCTURES AND LAND USES FROM GEOLOGIC 45 HAZARDS IN ORDER TO AVOID OR MINIMIZE LOSS OF LIFE, INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, 46 AND ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DISRUPTION. 47 48 GEOLOGIC HAZARDS - AVALANCHE 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 12 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 1 Alpine County is located along the crest of the Sierra Nevada. The county’s elevation ranges from a 2 low of about 4800 feet to high elevations in excess of 11,000 feet. Steep slopes and heavy winter 3 snowfall are common in the higher elevations. The combination of steep slopes and high snowfall 4 creates a potential danger for snow avalanches throughout the winter months in Alpine County. 5 6 Avalanche risk and actual avalanches frequently cause temporary closures of Highway 88 in the 7 Carson Pass and Carson Spur areas. Avalanches can also occur in the Bear Valley and Kirkwood 8 areas, and in backcountry areas popular for outdoor winter recreation. A recent avalanche in 2017 9 caused property damage to single family homes in the East Meadows area of Kirkwood. The 10 characterization of avalanche hazard and the associated risks in Alpine County are more thoroughly 11 described in Section 5.2.1 of the County’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. 12 13 21A Policy 14 15 Locate and design all new development to prevent or minimize to the fullest extent possible the threat 16 due to avalanche 17 18 21A Implementation Measures 19 20 21A-1 Assess Avalanche Hazard. All developments intended for human use or occupation shall 21 assess avalanche hazards where there is a potential risk from avalanches. The following conditions 22 are indicative of a potential risk: significant accumulation of snow; treeless or sparsely vegetated 23 slopes exceeding 30% slope gradient; gullies, and bowls exceeding 30 percent slope gradient; and 24 any locations with a history or evidence of avalanche occurrence within or immediately adjacent to 25 the proposed development area. 26 27 28 GEOLOGIC HAZARD - EARTHQUAKE/SEISMIC SHAKING 29 30 Alpine County’s mountainous terrain lies within the area of the North American and Pacific tectonic 31 plate activity. There have been earthquakes as a result of this activity in the past, and there will 32 continue to be earthquakes in the future. The eastern side of the County is situated along the eastern 33 slope of the Sierra Nevada and is more prone to earthquake and seismic shaking than other areas of 34 the County. There is a moderate to high probability (highly likely as 80 – 100% chance of 35 occurrence) of an earthquake in Alpine County, but a moderate to low risk associated with this natural 36 hazard. The characterization of earthquake and seismic shaking hazard and the associated risks in 37 Alpine County are more thoroughly described in Section 5.2.5 of the County’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. 38 39 21B Policy 40 41 The potential risks associated with earthquake and seismic shaking shall be addressed in considering 42 new development. 43 44 21B Implementation Measures 45 46 21B-1 Seismic Activity Notation. Any parcel map, or subdivision map, subdividing lands near the 47 potentially active faults located along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada as shown on shall 48 contain a notation warning that said area may be subject to seismic activity. 49 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 13 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 21B-2 Geologic Report for Seismic Risk. All new development proposed within or adjacent to a 1 Alquist Priolo "Special Study Zone" as identified on the Official Map prepared by the California 2 Geologic Survey shall require a geologic report addressing potential risks of earthquakes and seismic 3 shaking. Human occupied structures shall not be constructed across traces of active faults as 4 identified in a required geologic report. 5 6 7 ---PAGE BREAK--- 14 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 GEOLOGIC HAZARD - LANDSLIDE/SLOPE FAILURE 1 2 Alpine County’s terrain and climate combine to create conditions conducive to landslide. Landslides 3 are categorized into groups using two variables; the type of movement and the type of material that is 4 involved. Type of movement is categorized into three groups: 5 • falls 6 • slides, and 7 • flows 8 9 The amount of water usually is the defining ingredient when classifying the movement. In falls, very 10 little water is present, whereas in flows there is a lot of water involved. 11 12 Landslides that occur within Alpine County are most often experienced as part of a larger, more 13 widespread natural hazard event. Landslides can take place as a result of severe storms, floods, and 14 earthquakes. They can also happen as an aftermath to wildland fires. The characterization of 15 earthquake and seismic shaking hazard and the associated risks in Alpine County are more 16 thoroughly described in Section 5.2.8 of the County’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. 17 18 21C Policy 19 20 Locate and design all new development to prevent or minimize to the fullest extent possible the threat 21 due to landslide and slope instability. 22 23 21C Implementation Measures 24 25 21C-1 Assess Landslide and Slope Instability. Require soils and geologic investigations that address 26 potential landslide and slope instability as part of the review required for any parcel map, subdivision 27 map or use permits that involve earth disturbance; and in or adjacent to any areas of known or 28 potential slope instability. 29 30 31 Flood Hazard 32 33 Alpine County is located almost entirely within the mountainous Sierra Nevada. Precipitation and 34 snow melt from the Sierra Nevada runs off through high-relief, deeply-cut river canyons that are 35 interspersed with meadows and flat areas. On the east side of the County, the West Fork of the 36 Carson River flows into the Carson Valley where a more traditional floodplain exists. The 37 characterization of flood hazard and the associated risks in Alpine County are more thoroughly 38 described in Section 5.2.6 of the County’s Hazard Mitigation Plan. Information on past flood events in 39 the County can also be found in Section 5.2.6. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) also has 40 information on flood history of the Carson River available at Flood Chronology of the Carson River 41 Basin, California and Nevada Web Site: 42 43 Two types of flood events are typical to Alpine County. Each type of flood event causes associated 44 water, erosion, and sediment damage within the watersheds where the flood event transpires. The 45 two types of flooding are: 46 47 • Wet-mantle or rain-on-snow flood 48 • Dry-mantle or flash flood 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 15 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 1 Wet-mantle and rain-on-snow are typically winter or early spring occurrences and are generally 2 widespread in nature. Characteristically, wet-mantle and rain-on-snow flooding develops when warm 3 rains fall on already saturated ground. Particularly devastating are flood events where heavy snows 4 precede warmer rain events, causing the mantle of snow to melt and run off in conjunction with the 5 rain. Rain on snow flooding has resulted in property and infrastructure damage in Bear Valley and in 6 the Markleeville/Woodfords areas of the County. 7 8 Dry-mantle flood events are a result of intense summer thunderstorms and are much more localized 9 in nature. Dry-mantle flooding is not widespread, as is the case of wet-mantle and rain-on-snow 10 events. Severe flash floods are much more likely to occur over recent burn areas which exist in Alpine 11 County. This thunderstorm related flooding can be a major concern as severe local rain and hail can 12 create conditions for flash-flooding and considerable threat to life and property. No historical record is 13 available for dry-mantle flood events. 14 15 An additional source of potential flooding is dam failure. Most dams in Alpine County are remote from 16 the populated area of the county. The remote location of dams shields residents from the potential 17 hazards associated with dam failure and the resulting inundation. An exception is the Reba Dam in 18 the community of Bear Valley. This dam creates Bear Lake. Dam failure and the resultant inundation 19 of areas is a hazard to the community. The characterization of dam failure hazard and 20 the associated risks in Alpine County are more thoroughly described in Section 5.2.3 of the County’s 21 Hazard Mitigation Plan. 22 23 Additional sources of information on flood hazards in Alpine County include the following: 24 25 National Flood Insurance Rate Maps: All of Alpine County is currently designated as Zone D - an 26 area of undetermined but possible flood hazards. More detailed mapping under the direction of the 27 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is in progress for the West Fork of the Carson 28 River from Woodfords to the California-Nevada state line; and for Bear Creek, Bloods 29 Creek and other minor drainages in the Bear Valley area. 30 31 DWR Awareness Floodplain Mapping Program: This program conducted by the California 32 Department of Water Resources (DWR) identifies flood hazard areas that are not mapped by FEMA’s 33 National Flood Insurance Rate maps. Awareness floodplain maps are updated more frequently and 34 can be targeted and prepared for a community. Information on flood risks for a specific location can 35 be found at the California Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) My Hazards web page: 36 http://myhazards.caloes.ca.gov/ 37 38 DWR Dam Inundation Maps: The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) Division of 39 Safety of Dams (DSOD) reviews and approves inundation maps prepared by licensed civil engineers 40 and submitted by dam owners for extremely high, high, and significant hazard dams and their critical 41 appurtenant structures. Inundation maps approved by DSOD are a tool used to develop emergency 42 action plans, and the maps are intended to provide general information for emergency planning. 43 Dam inundation maps are in place for the following lakes/reservoirs in Alpine County: Bear Lake, 44 Lake Alpine, Upper Blue Lake, and Utica Reservoir. Dam inundation maps can be accessed for 45 viewing through the following web site: Additional dams in 46 Alpine County without inundation maps are also shown. 47 48 Agencies with a role and/or responsibility for flood management and/or flood emergency response in 49 Alpine County include the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), California Office of 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 16 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 Emergency Services (Cal OES), Alpine County Sheriff’s Office, Carson Water Sub-Conservancy 1 District and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2 3 22A Policy 4 5 Locate and design all new development to minimize risk from flood occurrence. 6 7 22A Implementation Measures 8 9 22A-1 Floodplain Development Regulations. Adopt and maintain updated floodplain development 10 regulations in order to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by 11 legally enforceable regulations, methods, and provisions applied uniformly throughout the community 12 to all publicly and privately-owned land within flood prone, mudslide [i.e. mudflow] or flood related 13 erosion areas. 14 15 22A-2 Inundation From Dam Failure. No living quarters or areas for overnight accommodations shall 16 be allowed at ground level within areas possibly subject to flood inundation due to possible dam 17 failure. 18 19 22A-3 Dam Failure & Emergency Plans. Dam failure hazard assessments and emergency plans 20 shall be prepared before any development is approved which may subject persons or property to 21 hazards associated with dam failure. 22 23 22A-4 Flash Flood Notation. Any parcel map, or subdivision map subdividing lands near drainage 24 courses in Alpine County shall contain a notation warning that said area is possibly subject to flash 25 flood occurrence. 26 27 22A-5 Essential Public Facilities. Locate new essential public facilities outside flood hazard areas if 28 feasible. This includes, but is not limited to, schools, fire stations, health services, emergency 29 shelters, emergency operations centers and emergency communications facilities. If essential public 30 facilities must be located in areas of flood hazard, incorporate design, construction or other measures 31 to maximize protection and minimize damage from flooding. 32 33 34 Noise 35 36 Government Code 65302(f) sets forth requirements for a noise element to be included in the General 37 Plan. A noise element shall identify and appraise noise problems in the community. The noise 38 element shall analyze and quantify, to the extent practicable, as determined by the legislative body, 39 current and projected noise levels for all of the following sources: 40 Highways and freeways. 41 Primary arterials and major local streets. 42 Passenger and freight online railroad operations and ground rapid transit systems. 43 Commercial, general aviation, heliport, helistop, and military airport operations, aircraft overflights, 44 jet engine test stands, and all other ground facilities and maintenance functions related to airport 45 operation. 46 Local industrial plants, including, but not limited to, railroad classification yards. 47 Other ground stationary noise sources, including, but not limited to, military installations, identified 48 by local agencies as contributing to the community noise environment. 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 17 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 1 Due to the lack of sizeable industrial operations, the County's small population and topography, 2 existing noise emissions in Alpine County are generally limited to transportation facilities and 3 corridors. Recreation and tourism in the County create higher levels of noise at these facilities and 4 corridors than would otherwise exist. The County airport presently receives very limited use and is 5 located three miles from the nearest developed area. It is therefore not included as a significant 6 noise producing transportation facility. 7 8 As part of an update to the Alpine County General Plan in 1993, noise contours for Alpine County 9 were prepared by Brown-Buntin Associates. The noise contours shows existing and projected noise 10 levels along County transportation corridors. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Highway 11 Traffic Noise Prediction Model (FHWA-RD-77-108) was used to develop the contours. Short-term 12 traffic noise measurements were taken at various sites in the County and were used in verifying the 13 noise contours developed using the FHWA model. More detailed information is contained in the Data 14 Base created to support the 1993 General Plan update. 15 16 Section 12.1, Noise, in the data base discusses the noise contours and provides a community noise 17 exposure inventory which shows noise levels in the more populated areas in the County. Land use 18 patterns and the extent of development in the County have not changed significantly since 1993. 19 Accordingly, the information in the Data Base is still considered valid today. 20 21 Alpine County Code Section 18.68.090 contains the County’s noise ordinance. The ordinance 22 establishes maximum noise level standards and addresses noise-sensitive developments. This code 23 section was last updated in 2009. 24 25 23A Policy 26 27 Preserve the character of the county's quiet small rural communities by maintaining existing ambient 28 noise levels and preventing new land uses that would result in significant adverse impact from noise 29 to existing communities. 30 31 23A Implementation Measures 32 33 23A-1 Noise Ordinance. Maintain a noise ordinance with noise level standards that are consistent 34 with the above stated policy. 35 36 23A-2 Review Proposed Development. All land use and development proposals shall be reviewed for 37 compliance with noise and land use compatibility standards. Design changes and/or mitigation 38 measures shall be considered as needed to achieve compliance with the standards. 39 40 41 Hazardous Materials 42 43 There are no large generators of hazardous waste in the County and no producers of hazardous 44 materials. The majority of waste generated in the County is from households, small businesses, ski 45 resorts, and vehicle maintenance facilities operated by Caltrans, U.S. Forest Service, Alpine Unified 46 School District, ski resorts and the County. The characterization of hazardous materials and the 47 associated risks in Alpine County are more thoroughly described in Section 5.2.7 of the County’s 48 Hazard Mitigation Plan. 49 ---PAGE BREAK--- 18 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 1 The Alpine County Hazardous Waste Management Plan adopted in 1988 identified four potential sites 2 in the County for hazardous waste storage and transfer facilities, 1) the Mud Lake Road Area, 2) the 3 County Maintenance Yard, 3) The County Airport, and 4) Harvey Reservoir and nearby private lands. 4 No such facilities have been constructed in the County. The county-operated recycling drop off 5 facility in Woodfords at the County Maintenance Yard does except small quantities of used motor oil. 6 7 Locally, regulation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste is a shared responsibility of Alpine 8 County and the California Environmental Protection Agency (CAL-EPA). The Alpine County Health 9 Department is designated by CAL-EPA as a Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) with certain 10 authorities delegated to it by CAL-EPA. 11 12 There is one federal Superfund Site in Alpine County. The Leviathan Mine is an abandoned open-pit 13 sulfur mine located on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Monitor Pass at 14 approximately the 7,000-foot elevation, 6 miles east of Markleeville. The mine site comprises 15 approximately 250 acres of land surrounded by the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, and is only 16 accessible by vehicle a few months a year. 17 18 Major environmental problems at the Leviathan Mine originated during open-pit sulfur mining that 19 occurred from 1951 through 1962. During this period the mine provided a source of sulfur to dissolve 20 copper from relatively low-grade ore at a mine near Yerington, Nevada. In 1962 large scale mining 21 operations at Leviathan ceased. No significant mining activities have taken place since. Early clean- 22 up measures began in the mid-1980s and the site was added to the federal “National Priority List” in 23 1999 making it a federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) “Superfund Site” and the only 24 recognized contaminated site in the County. Under the authority of the federal superfund law 25 (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act or “CERCLA”), the U.S. 26 Environmental Protection Agency closely coordinates cleanup plans and activities with all of the 27 stakeholders, including local and state agencies from California and Nevada, the U.S. Forest Service, 28 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the site’s potentially responsible parties. In addition, the 29 Washoe Tribe is strongly involved at the site to ensure that their unique traditional tribal uses of the 30 area’s resources are protected. 31 32 33 34 24A Policy 35 36 Protect citizens and property from damage by hazardous materials including but not limited to harmful 37 chemicals, radiation levels, gases, explosives and hazardous waste. 38 39 24A Implementation Measures 40 41 24A-1 Proper Handling of Hazardous Waste. Ensure the hazardous waste materials used in 42 business and industry are properly handled and that information on their handling and use is available 43 to fire and police protection agencies. 44 45 24A-2 Maintain CUPA Status. Continue to work cooperatively with the California Environmental 46 Protection Agency on regulation of hazardous materials including maintaining the Certified Unified 47 Program Agency (CUPA) status provided that there is sufficient funds available and technical 48 capability to continue this program. 49 50 ---PAGE BREAK--- 19 I P a g e D r a f t S a f e t y E l e m e n t - P C R e c o m m e n d e d 7 - 3 0 - 2 0 2 0 24A-3 Transportation Routes. Oppose designation of any transportation routes through Alpine 1 County for hazardous waste that could create responses to hazardous waste spills or related 2 incidents that are beyond the resources of the local emergency response agencies 3